CN103125276A - Scale grafting production method of little-fruit sycamore seedlings - Google Patents
Scale grafting production method of little-fruit sycamore seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN103125276A CN103125276A CN2011103852419A CN201110385241A CN103125276A CN 103125276 A CN103125276 A CN 103125276A CN 2011103852419 A CN2011103852419 A CN 2011103852419A CN 201110385241 A CN201110385241 A CN 201110385241A CN 103125276 A CN103125276 A CN 103125276A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a scale grafting production method of little-fruit sycamore seedlings. A fast-growing sycamore is used as a stock, and is used for temporary planting for backup during January to February, and grafting is conducted in a sunny day before weather becomes warm, sap begins to flow in the late of February to the beginning of March every year. The process of grafting is adjusted to be in the mode of 'first grafting and later planting' from a traditional mode that the stock is planted first and then grafting is conducted. The processes of ladder supporting and top grafting are avoided, operating time is shortened, labor and production cost are saved, working efficiency is greatly improved, quick planting and high-efficiency grafting of the seedlings in a short period are guaranteed, and meanwhile, the survival rate of grafting is guaranteed to be more than 90%, and an industrialization production process is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of scale grafting production method of ornamental trees and shrubs, be specifically related to the seedling scale grafting production method of few fruit plane tree, belong to the Industrialization of seeds and seedlings production technical field.
Background technology
Two ball plane trees (Platanus acerifolia) (have another name called oriental plane tree, hereinafter to be referred as plane tree) be important urban landscaping seeds,, hat rapid because of its growth is large shady dense, resistance, enjoy the good reputation of " king of street tree ", have the irreplaceable good characteristic of a lot of seeds, at present in China Yangtze river basin and the Huanghe valley one band be one of topmost urban path tree.
Yet annual 3-6 is between the month, the old fruit of plane tree comes off when newly fruit grows, the pollinia that a large amount of fruit hairs and newborn male inflorescence are scattered descends slowly and lightly from tree, not only cause environmental pollution, and can stimulate respiratory tract, and cause respiratory disease, perhaps cause people's pruitus, bring out allergic conditions such as producing rhinitis, pollen, accidentally fall into eye and also can cause keratitis etc., have a strong impact on people's life and healthy.According to incompletely statistics, fly a mao season in the plane tree shedding every year, and citizen's infection of the upper respiratory tract incidence of disease on the ground such as Wuhan, Zhengzhou, Nanjing improves 3-5 doubly more at ordinary times, many people so and cisco unity malfunction.In the last few years, also in further increase, the problem that produces therefrom also will be further outstanding to the consumption of plane tree for China Yangtze river basin and the Huanghe valley one band.
For the shedding that solves plane tree flies a mao problem, domestic and international many R﹠D institutions have successively spent the time of two more than ten years to conduct a research in all its bearings, although have made some progress, but still fail to tackle the problem at its root.A kind of plant growth regulator of controlling sycamore seed villus by chemical mutagenesis method is disclosed as CN1166915A, they are glycoside compounds of oxygen glycosidic bond, take composition as the leading factor with glycoside compounds, be equipped with some adjuvants and make the chemical agent of doses, it is directly injected on the plane tree trunk, causes the retarded growth of fruit ball, the fruitlet ball is withered gradually, and even most of fruit ball with handle comes off, and overcomes old dry fruit fruit hair harm from now on.
The acquisition of few fruit or the plane tree of having no result will fundamentally improve its hereditary capacity, be to solve practical, the approach of putting things right once and for all that shedding flies mao problem from the source.Plane tree spreads all over China Yangtze river basin and each big city, the Huanghe valley at present, and it is carried out grafting high and changing head and further applies, and the demand of scion and seedling is very big, can form a huge industry, will have very considerable economic benefit.The application of few fruit or the plane tree of having no result simultaneously, to beautifying urban environment, improve city environmental quality, promote the resident healthy, promote amphitypy society (environmentally friendly) construction to wait and all tool is of great significance, the social benefit of bringing thus and environmental benefit will be also very huge.
In view of few fruit or the huge market potential of plane tree in China of having no result; three unit consolidations of the applicant have been set up the cooperation by production, study and research platform; for Hua Zhong Agriculture University through studying the exploitation of cooperating of autonomous seed selection few fruit plane tree breeding (rate of having no result reaches more than 95%) out in 17 years; 500 mu of stock breeding bases have been built, the technical research of the professional etiquette of going forward side by side modelling grafting and breeding.
About the existing bibliographical information of the grafting and breeding method of plane tree.Yang Liucheng etc. (" without ball plane tree seedling growing process ", northern gardening, 2008,1:105-106) a kind of grafting method that is fit to annual plane tree seedling stock is disclosed, do not relate to the technical measures that height connects, Hua Guangan (" the method paulownia is high connects sterile mutation research ", the Xiaogan College journal, 2002, 22 (3): 60-61), Liang Lili etc. (" connecing the hat technology of changing without the large height of tree of cone plane tree ", Anhui forestry, 2007, (1): 24), Wang Qiming etc. (" the few nodularization grafting renovation technique research of street tree plane tree ", Shangqiu Normal University's journal, 2001, 17 (4): 100-102), Liu Jian (" two ball platanus fruits being wadded a quilt with cotton free from environmental pollution ", the Chinese flower potted landscape, 2007, 12:33) all belong to a kind of connecing by height and change the graft technology category that hat is transformed existing street tree plane tree (more than diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 10cm), need the ladder operation, time-consuming, and do not relate to the plane tree seedling large-scale production graft technology of having no result.On grafting method, point out in the research of Hua Guangan that the rectangle bud take is best, but the method need be got bud simultaneously with 2 blades, complex operation, efficient is low, is unfavorable for extensive grafting nursery stock.Liang Lili etc., Wang Qiming etc., Liu Jian point out to adopt cut-grafting method graft survival rate high, but are applicable to the large tree stock grafting that the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground reaches 8-35cm.
Summary of the invention
In view of few fruit or the huge market prospects of the plane tree of having no result, for avoiding having the city without seedling, the situation that supply falls short of demand, when declaring variety certification, the inventor namely begins the scale grafting and breeding technology of few fruit plane tree breeding is conducted a research.Therefore; the object of the invention is to realize by the measure of simplifying the grafting link large-scale production of seedling, a kind of large-scale production of few fruit plane tree breeding, with low cost, simple and easy to do, propagation by grafiting method of being easy to promote, can guarantee again high-servival rate of being fit to is provided.
In order to realize purpose of the present invention; the inventor is by changing production procedure; and take simultaneously to improve the measure of existing transplanted seedling tree; a kind of few fruit plane tree seedling scale grafting production method has creatively been proposed; the fast-growing plane tree that the method is produced take Shandong is stock, heel in 1-2 month standby, at the beginning of annual late Febuary to 3 month; fine day before temperature improvements, resin begin to flow, grafting as follows:
1) choose healthy and strong fresh few fruit plane tree breeding kind bar, remove branch, be cut into scion, and with the vasoliniment that heat fused is put in the scion upper end dip take out after 1s standby;
2) dig out heeling in stock, wrap up trunk to the 2.8m place with overlay, and be transported near the horizontal positioned of planting hole;
3) will be with the stock of overlay parcel tree body in 3.0m place cutting strunk, with grafting knife, the cross section of stock is scabbled, and the 4-5cm that rives along the center is dark, the scion base portion is whittled into the long wedge shape of 3cm, stock is aimed in scion formed layer, pry open stock and insert scion 1, insert scion 2 at the opposite side of splitting mouth in the same way, at the interface place, tie up firmly with the polyvinyl chloride plastic bar;
4) stock that grafts is stood in planting hole, reclaimed soil is also in time poured water; Should in time keep the skin wet to guarantee that stock survives when after this soil is dry and hard;
5) the scion sprouting sprouted rear 2 months, and artificial ladder is removed the polyvinyl chloride plastic bar, to prevent that moulding bar strangles the cortex of hanging, caused the position of healing not firm, supported in the outside bondage of scion sprouting simultaneously, blew disconnected sprouting to prevent strong wind.And carry out except sprouting simultaneously in conjunction with bud picking, to carry out in addition 4-5 time except sprouting, employing bamboo pole top is tied up and is got the reaping hook that blade makes progress, and makes the edge of a knife during operation below coppice shoot, upwards firmly removes coppice shoot, can reduce coppice shoot and pull the tree body;
6) the trunk overlay film is removed in grafting after 2 months.
Described a kind of few fruit plane tree seedling scale grafting production method; the method of wherein heeling in is: the zanjon of excavation width 0.8-1.2m, degree of depth 50-60cm; the length of ditch is determined according to the quantity of nursery stock; bareroot seedling wood is tilted to put to ditch with 25 ° of-35 ° of angles; be backfilled to get final product concordant with ground with soil; heel in first and should water sufficient moisture, and take the circumstances into consideration to keep the skin wet according to soil moisture during heeling in, prevent that the nursery stock dehydration from thirsting.
Described a kind of few fruit plane tree seedling scale grafting production method, wherein said fast-growing plane tree is diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 4-6cm, the above only dried plane tree of dried high 3.0m.
Described a kind of few fruit plane tree seedling scale grafting production method, wherein step 1) in scion be advisable with fresh branch, be advisable to be no more than 20 days when adopting the storage branch.
Described a kind of few fruit plane tree seedling scale grafting production method; wherein the storage practice of scion is: after few fruit plane tree fallen leaves in winter; gather healthy and strong resting shoot; bury fully in indoor damp sand after tying up and preserve; the humidity of sand is agglomerating to hold, unclamp and namely loosely be standard, needs trickle to keep humidity in storage.
Described a kind of few fruit plane tree seedling scale grafting production method, wherein heeling in stock needs with the plastic film wrapped trunk to the 2.8m place before planting.
Described a kind of few fruit plane tree seedling scale grafting production method, wherein grafting flow process carried out the mode adjustment of grafting again and is the pattern of " planting after first grafting " by traditional stock of first planting, the high termination process of ladder of having removed from.
Described a kind of few fruit plane tree seedling scale grafting production method is wherein removed polyvinyl chloride plastic bar and bud picking and is carried out except sprouting simultaneously;
Described a kind of few fruit plane tree seedling scale grafting production method, wherein step 6) in the trunk film removed gradually to the bottom by trunk top in 1 month after 2 months in grafting minutes for 3 times, avoid disposable removal film to cause setting the withered dehydration of soma dead.
Compared with prior art, the few fruit plane tree seedling scale propagation by grafiting method that the present invention relates to has following technique effect and significant progressive:
(1) utilize method provided by the invention, adjusted the production procedure of few fruit plane tree grafting, changed the breeding pattern of traditional " high the connecing of first planting again ", realized the operating process of planting after first grafting, the high troublesome operation that connects of ladder and danger have been removed from, shortened the operating time, manpower and production cost have been saved, greatly improved operating efficiency, guaranteed that nursery stock is planted in a short time fast and efficient grafting, guarantee that simultaneously graft survival rate more than 90%, realized the industrialization production process.
(2) utilize method provided by the invention, can form line flow procedure, greatly improved operating efficiency, realized the industrialization production process.
Embodiment
Further illustrate the present invention below by embodiment.The preparation method who it should be understood that the embodiment of the present invention is only used for illustrating the present invention, rather than limitation of the present invention, and the simple modifications to preparation method of the present invention under design prerequisite of the present invention all belongs to the scope of protection of present invention.
The few fruit plane tree of embodiment 1 scale propagation by grafiting process
1) the fast-growing plane tree of producing take Shandong is stock, in January, 2011 buy back heel in standby; In order to make maximization of economic benefit, take diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 4-6cm, do only dried plane tree more than high 3.0m as stock grafting, go out the garden diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground after 3 years and can reach 8-10cm, guarantee that input-output ratio reaches maximum.
2) method of heeling in is: the deep trouth that excavates wide 1.0m, degree of depth 60cm, the length of ditch is determined according to the quantity of nursery stock, bareroot seedling wood is tilted to put to groove with 30 ° of angles, be backfilled to get final product concordant with ground with soil, heel in first and should water sufficient moisture, take the circumstances into consideration to keep the skin wet according to soil moisture during heeling in, prevent that the nursery stock dehydration from thirsting.
3) on March 1st, 2011 fine, temperature gets warm again after a cold spell, resin not yet begins to flow, the beginning grafting.
4) take out heeling in stock, wrap up trunk to the 2.8m place with overlay, and be transported near planting hole.
5) choose healthy and strong fresh few fruit plane tree breeding kind bar, remove branch, be cut into scion, and the vasoliniment that heat fused is put in the scion upper end is dipped taken out after 1s standbyly, now adopt now and connect.
6) with stock in 3.0m place cutting strunk, with grafting knife, the cross section of stock is scabbled, and rives along the center, the scion base portion is whittled into the long wedge shape of 3cm; Then, dark to the 4-5cm that rives from the stock central longitudinal with cutter, stock is aimed in scion formed layer, pry open stock and insert scion 1; Split a mouthful insertion scion 2 with method at opposite side, at the interface place, tie up firmly with the polyvinyl chloride plastic bar.
7) mid-May, namely after the eruption of scion sprouting 2 months, artificial ladder bud picking was except sprouting, and artificial ladder is removed the polyvinyl chloride plastic bar, and bondage is supported, and carries out except sprouting simultaneously in conjunction with bud picking.Leave and take in addition a small amount of coppice shoot and treat that its exhibition Ye Houke carries out photosynthesis, provide nutrient for setting body and scion, be beneficial to scion and survive.If finding afterwards has coppice shoot to bear, in time adopt the branches of tall trees reaping hook to remove and sprout.
8) grafting was removed the trunk film by trunk top after 2 months minutes for 3 times gradually to the bottom in 1 month, and nursery stock is conformed gradually, avoided disposable removal film to cause setting the withered dehydration of soma dead.
The moisturizings of embodiment 2 tree body overlay film survive impact with graft survival rate to the tree body
Took out on March 3rd, 2011 and heel in plane tree stock 120 strains of 2 months, move near planting hole, cutting strunk is standby to 3.0m.
If experimental group and control group, every group of 60 strains, every 30 strains are 1 repetition, establish altogether 2 repetitions.Experimental group is wrapped up trunk to the dried eminence of 2.8m, the exposed not overlay film of control group trunk with overlay.Then carry out grafting by abovementioned steps, adopt Routine Management.Add up survival rate after 3 months.Result of the test:
Table 1 trunk overlay film survives impact with graft survival rate to stock
Annotate: 1 graft survival rate is added up as radix to survive stock, lower with;
2 every strain stocks connect 2 fringes altogether, survive 1 fringe and are grafting survival, are used for the statistics of graft survival rate, and are lower same.
The impact of embodiment 3 scion storages on few fruit plane tree graft survival rate
Took out on March 3rd, 2011 and heel in plane tree stock 180 strains of 2 months,, move near planting hole to the dried eminence of 2.8m with overlay parcel trunk, cutting strunk is standby to 3.0m.
According to the difference of breeding storage time, 3 experimental group are set, every group of 60 strains, every 30 strains are 1 repetition, establish altogether 2 repetitions.Test 1-3 group is respectively scion branch storage 0d, 20d and 60d.Storage practice: after few fruit plane tree fallen leaves in winter, gather healthy and strong resting shoot, bury fully in indoor damp sand after tying up and preserve, the humidity of sand is agglomerating to hold, unclamp and namely loosely be standard, notices in storage that trickle keeps humidity.Storage 0d finger cladus bar is now adopted now and is connect.Take out the storage branch on March 3 and carry out grafting by above-mentioned steps, adopt Routine Management, add up survival rate after 3 months.Result of the test: fresh branch is now adopted and now is connected into motility rate and can reaches 96.88%, and the scion graft survival rate of preserving 20 days slightly descends, but still can reach 90%; And the scion of adopting storage 60d is when carrying out grafting, and survival rate declines by a big margin, and is only 78.24% (seeing Table 2).Therefore, when carrying out few fruit plane tree grafting spring, the words of conditions permit are now adopted and are now connect most effectively, can effectively reduce to mend connecing the loaded down with trivial details of operation, save time, the saving of labor, increase economic efficiency.In addition, as preserving branch because of odjective cause, storage 20d left and right is little on the graft survival rate impact, but storage time is long, will be larger on the grafting survival impact, mend thereby strengthened artificial ladder cost and the expense that connects.
The impact of the few fruit of table 2 plane tree scion storage time on graft survival rate
Claims (10)
1. few fruit plane tree seedling scale grafting production method, the fast-growing plane tree of producing take Shandong is stock, heel in 1-2 month standby, at the beginning of annual late Febuary to 3 month, in temperature get warm again after a cold spell, the fine day of resin before beginning to flow, grafting as follows:
1) choose healthy and strong fresh few fruit plane tree breeding kind bar, remove branch, be cut into scion, and with the vasoliniment that heat fused is put in the scion upper end dip take out after 1s standby;
2) dig out heeling in stock, wrap up trunk to the 2.8m place with overlay, and be transported near the horizontal positioned of planting hole;
3) will be with the stock of overlay parcel tree body in 3.0 m place cutting strunks, with grafting knife, the cross section of stock is scabbled, and the 4-5 cm that rives along the center is dark, the scion base portion is whittled into the long wedge shape of 3cm, stock is aimed in scion formed layer, pry open stock and insert scion 1, insert scion 2 at the opposite side of splitting mouth in the same way, at the interface place, tie up firmly with the polyvinyl chloride plastic bar;
4) stock that grafts is stood in planting hole, reclaimed soil is also in time poured water; Should in time keep the skin wet to guarantee that stock survives when after this soil is dry and hard;
5) the scion sprouting sprouted rear 2 months, artificial ladder is removed the polyvinyl chloride plastic bar, to prevent that moulding bar strangles the cortex of hanging, causes the position of healing not firm, support in the outside bondage of scion sprouting simultaneously, preventing that strong wind from blowing disconnected sprouting, and carry out except sprouting simultaneously in conjunction with bud picking, will carry out in addition removing for 4-5 time and sprout, employing bamboo pole top is tied up and is got the reaping hook that blade makes progress, make the edge of a knife during operation below coppice shoot, upwards firmly remove coppice shoot, can reduce coppice shoot and pull the tree body;
6) the trunk overlay film is removed in grafting after 2 months.
2. a kind of few fruit plane tree seedling scale grafting production method according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: the method for heeling in is: the zanjon of excavation width 0.8-1.2m, degree of depth 50-60cm; the length of ditch is determined according to the quantity of nursery stock; bareroot seedling wood is tilted to put to ditch with 25 ° of-35 ° of angles; be backfilled to get final product concordant with ground with soil; heel in first and should water sufficient moisture, and take the circumstances into consideration to keep the skin wet according to soil moisture during heeling in, prevent that the nursery stock dehydration from thirsting.
3. a kind of few fruit plane tree seedling scale grafting production method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described fast-growing plane tree is diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 4-6 cm, do the above only dried plane tree of high 3.0 m.
4. a kind of few fruit plane tree seedling scale grafting production method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the scion in step 1) is fresh branch.
5. a kind of few fruit plane tree seedling scale grafting production method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the storage branch that the scion in step 1) is no more than 20 days for storage.
6. a kind of few fruit plane tree seedling scale grafting production method according to claim 5; it is characterized in that: the storage practice of scion is: after few fruit plane tree fallen leaves in winter; gather healthy and strong resting shoot; bury fully in indoor damp sand after tying up and preserve; the humidity of sand is agglomerating to hold, unclamp and namely loosely be standard, needs trickle to keep humidity in storage.
7. a kind of few fruit plane tree seedling scale grafting production method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: heeling in stock needs with the plastic film wrapped trunk to the 2.8m place before planting.
8. a kind of few fruit plane tree seedling scale grafting production method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the grafting flow process is the pattern of " planting after first grafting ".
9. a kind of few fruit plane tree seedling scale grafting production method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: remove polyvinyl chloride plastic bar and bud picking and carry out except sprouting simultaneously.
10. a kind of few fruit plane tree seedling scale grafting production method according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: in step 6), the trunk film was removed to the bottom by trunk top in 1 month after 2 months in grafting minute 2-4 time gradually, avoided disposable removal film to cause setting the withered dehydration death of soma.
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| CN104381058A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-03-04 | 长沙果正生态农业科技开发有限公司 | Trunk-protection water-retention nursery method after tree transplanting |
| CN105993616A (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2016-10-12 | 合肥公盈园艺科技有限公司 | Grafting method for seedlings |
| CN108770516A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-11-09 | 广德县东亭乡绘绿苗木种植家庭农场 | Technique is established in the engrafting method of plane tree of having no result a kind of and fringe garden |
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| CN104381058A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-03-04 | 长沙果正生态农业科技开发有限公司 | Trunk-protection water-retention nursery method after tree transplanting |
| CN105993616A (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2016-10-12 | 合肥公盈园艺科技有限公司 | Grafting method for seedlings |
| CN108770516A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-11-09 | 广德县东亭乡绘绿苗木种植家庭农场 | Technique is established in the engrafting method of plane tree of having no result a kind of and fringe garden |
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| CN103125276B (en) | 2014-05-21 |
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