CN103081686B - Qinghai-Tibet plateau high-cold pasturing area greenhouse grass planting technology - Google Patents
Qinghai-Tibet plateau high-cold pasturing area greenhouse grass planting technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN103081686B CN103081686B CN201310033437.0A CN201310033437A CN103081686B CN 103081686 B CN103081686 B CN 103081686B CN 201310033437 A CN201310033437 A CN 201310033437A CN 103081686 B CN103081686 B CN 103081686B
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Abstract
The invention discloses Qinghai-Tibet plateau high-cold pasturing area greenhouse pasture planting technology which comprises the following steps: (1) a greenhouse is prepared; (2) grass seeds and base fertilizers are respectively mixed standby; (3) ploughed fallowing is carried out; (4) preparation before broadcast sowing and planting is carried out; (5) a ditching method is prepared; (6) sowing is carried out; (7) soil is covered manually and smoothed, and manual suppression is carried out; (8) preparation before a rainy season comes is carried out; (9) treatment of 7-8 months at a high temperature is carried out; and (10) mowing and overwintering treatment are carried out. The Qinghai-Tibet plateau high-cold pasturing area greenhouse pasture planting technology integrates annual grass cultivation, perennial grass cultivation and cold season-warm season grass cultivation, is strong in flexibility and adaptability, simple, easy to operate, and low in cost, is the technology which is popularized and used by nations and local residents, provides a technological approach for forage grass production of extreme high altitude areas in China, and provides technological support for grass supply.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of planting technology, particularly, relate to greenhouse, a kind of Qinghai-Tibet Alpine-arctic Pastoral pasture growing technology.
Background technology
Grass poultry contradiction is the bottleneck problem of Qinghai-xizang Plateau Region grassland agriculture development for a long time always.Be merely able to 8,500,000 yaks in the herbage on the annual natural meadow in Alpine-arctic Pastoral, Tibet and artificial forage grass ground feeding, and approximately have 6,500,000 yaks and lack feeds.Trace it to its cause and be that the domestic animal that current Qinghai-xizang Plateau Region is raised does not have enough forage feeds, cause a large amount of domestic animal at cold season, heavy snow mortality in season, herd family and lose huge.Herd family simultaneously and cultivate domestic animal in a large number again to make up domestic animal loss, domestic animal and feed relation are in twisted state for a long time.Serious obstacle is brought to Qinghai-Tibet grassland agriculture development and ecological construction.In order to address this problem, the Chinese government and researcher have carried out a large amount of research work, propose various solution, but how core work opens up forage grass source if remaining, there is provided enough feeds to existing a large amount of domestic animal, reduce natural meadow forage grass pressure and domestic animal lethality.
Artificial fodder grass supply is the important method solving Qinghai-Tibet forage grass shortage.Alpine-arctic Pastoral, Tibet at present artificial forage grass ground can only provide the required artificial forage grass of 1/10, and therefore the artificial forage grass development in this area is shouldered heavy responsibilities.Due to high and cold area because weather limits, it is very difficult that artificial forage grass work is carried out, and main cause has, and the weather of (1) low temperature grows to forage grass and survives the winter and brings difficulty, and the forage grass of artificial planting can only have the vegetative period of 2-3 month; (2) high water evaporation rate, lacks enough moisture to maintain forage grass growth with making artificial forage grass; (3) temperature of acute variation makes legume forage be difficult to attract enough insect pollinators in situation in the open; (4) most of natural meadow is opened up wasteland as behind artificial forage grass field, management is not enough, causes meadow to discard, degenerates, even water and soil loss and ecocatastrophe.Therefore, for the problems referred to above, Development of Novel, effective artificial forage grass planting technology are the emphasis carrying out forage grass supply work in Qinghai-xizang Plateau Region.In view of the difficult point of above-mentioned artificial forage grass work, we propose with greenhouse kind grass as breach, develop the plantation of artificial forage grass, reduce greenhouse cost with simple greenhouse, promote that local herdsman carries out the work centralized activity of artificial forage grass with greenhouse intensive manufacture, excite the power of their artificial planting forage grass and produce custom, making up the inferior position of the environment such as the careless weather of outdoor kind, soil with greenhouse kind grass.Except carrying out Easy manual greenhouse kind grass, domestic animal temperature canopy can also be adopted warm season domestic animal in saeter grazing time vacancy, carry out kind of a grass, produce certain benefit forage grass.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention overcomes existing defect, provides greenhouse, a kind of Qinghai-Tibet Alpine-arctic Pastoral pasture growing technology.The present invention is according to high altitude localities climatic characteristic, has invented the technology the artificial forage grass of short chamber planting.Through the practical work at height above sea level 4500 meters of northern Tibet of 3 years, prove that this invention is conscientiously available, very large forage grass shortage problem can be solved, local herdsman can also be made gradually to form intensive cropping grass industry custom, become the pith of daily agricultural production work.The plantation of this invention collection annual feed grass, perennial grass plantation, and cold season, warm season grass are planted in one, flexibility and adaptive are strong, and simple to operation, cost is lower, the technology being country and applying as rice resident.This invention is that China's extreme high altitude localities forage grass production provides a technological approaches, provides science and technology support for solving herbage supply.
The invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of greenhouse, Qinghai-Tibet Alpine-arctic Pastoral pasture growing technology, comprises the steps:
(1) preparation in greenhouse: greenhouse can adopt plastic simple greenhouse or domestic animal temperature canopy can, domestic animal temperature canopy uses then can only at warm season kind grass;
(2) grass seed and base fertilizer are mixed respectively, for subsequent use;
(3) any season in greenhouse, any time, in greenhouse, carry out Soil tillage, adopt and manually turn over;
(4) first base fertilizer is manured into soil before broadcasting sowing plantation, more smooth, polish soil;
(5) drilling herbage then adopts the way of trench digging, is being sprinkled into base fertilizer after trench digging, trench digging line-spacing about 10cm;
(6) grass seed kind is entered in soil, about degree of depth 2cm;
(7) manual mulching soil, smooth soil, and manually suppress;
(8) before rainy season set, open greenhouse lid, make rainwater enter greenhouse, and apply urea fertilizer, topdress;
(9) time 7-8 month, temperature was higher, open greenhouse covering, prevent herbage by sultry lethal;
(10) generally carry out first time in mid-July to mow, mid-September carries out remowing, and keeps greenhouse covering, promotes its cold season herbage safe overwintering, and keeps good aboveground vegetation.
Particularly, the greenhouse of described step (1) is simple greenhouse, and requiring that room ridge height is the highest can not more than 2 meter.
Particularly, the grass seed of described step (2) is: with every mu of Dosage calculation, clean culture alfalfa 1 kilogram; Mixed seeding alfalfa 0.5 kilogram, oat 10 kilograms; Clean culture oat 15 kilograms; Clean culture drilling tabernaemontanus bulrush root 0.5 kilogram; Clean culture common vetch 5 kilograms; Mixed seeding common vetch 4 kilograms, oat 10 kilograms; Described base fertilizer is 200 kilograms of sheep excrement or 10 kg of phosphoric acid two ammoniums; Describedly to topdress as 10 kilograms, urea, topdress for 1 year twice.
the present invention has following beneficial effect:
The present invention is according to high altitude localities climatic characteristic, has invented the technology the artificial forage grass of short chamber planting.Through the practical work at height above sea level 4500 meters of northern Tibet of 3 years, prove that this invention is conscientiously available, very large forage grass shortage problem can be solved, local herdsman can also be made gradually to form intensive cropping grass industry custom, become the pith of daily agricultural production work.The plantation of this invention collection annual feed grass, perennial grass plantation, and cold season, warm season grass are planted in one, flexibility and adaptive are strong, and simple to operation, cost is lower, the technology being country and applying as rice resident.This invention is that China's extreme high altitude localities forage grass production provides a technological approaches, provides science and technology support for solving herbage supply.
High aititude greenhouse of the present invention pasture growing technology and other agriculture in greenhouse are produced, and compare, have following characteristics with other pasture planting methods: (1) can ensure to obtain grass industry continuously in the Alpine-arctic Pastoral of height above sea level more than 4500 meters.(2) destruction of high altitude localities strong wind that short simple greenhouse avoids.(3) clean culture, mixed seeding technology can ensure the production of annual, perennial mowing grassland.(4) the kind grass in summer of domestic animal brooder can make domestic animal leave greenhouse and obtain certain grass yield season.(5) ensure that high altitude localities herbage is mowed twice demand every year, good herbage can be obtained and store.(6) method opening greenhouse summer can prevent warm season grass sultry lethal.(7) effectively make use of high altitude localities enrich luminous energy and improve efficiency of water application, carry out grass industry.Consider that China attaches great importance to Qinghai-Tibet Alpine-arctic Pastoral grass industry at present, but the expense that a large amount of greenhouse is built costly, our invention can adopt domestic animal brooder to carry out short-term greenhouse grass industry.And our invention requires that pasture growing resource all derives from the local kind of goods to auction more for many years, makes climate adaptability and does not affect bio-diversity.According to the present invention, we, using when the specific experiment and demonstration of having been undertaken 3 years by area, Damxung, obtain grass yield as shown in Figure 1.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and forms a part for specification, together with embodiments of the present invention for explaining the present invention, is not construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is green forage yield (kilogram/hectare) Dynamic Graph of greenhouse, area, Damxung kind grass GRASSES WITH DIFFERENT kind.
Embodiment
embodiment 1
A kind of greenhouse, Qinghai-Tibet Alpine-arctic Pastoral pasture growing technology, comprises the steps:
(1) preparation in greenhouse: greenhouse can adopt plastic simple greenhouse or domestic animal temperature canopy can, domestic animal temperature canopy uses then can only at warm season kind grass;
(2) grass seed and base fertilizer are mixed respectively, for subsequent use;
(3) any season in greenhouse, any time, in greenhouse, carry out Soil tillage, adopt and manually turn over;
(4) first base fertilizer is manured into soil before broadcasting sowing plantation, more smooth, polish soil;
(5) drilling herbage then adopts the way of trench digging, is being sprinkled into base fertilizer after trench digging, trench digging line-spacing 10cm;
(6) grass seed kind is entered in soil, degree of depth 2cm;
(7) manual mulching soil, smooth soil, and manually suppress;
(8) before rainy season set, open greenhouse lid, make rainwater enter greenhouse, and apply urea fertilizer, topdress;
(9) time 7-8 month, temperature was higher, open greenhouse covering, prevent herbage by sultry lethal;
(10) carry out first time mid-July to mow, mid-September carries out remowing, and keeps greenhouse covering, promotes its cold season herbage safe overwintering, and keeps good aboveground vegetation.
Wherein, the greenhouse of step (1) is simple greenhouse, and requiring that room ridge height is the highest can not more than 2 meter.The grass seed of step (2) is: with every mu of Dosage calculation, clean culture alfalfa 1 kilogram; Mixed seeding alfalfa 0.5 kilogram, oat 10 kilograms; Clean culture oat 15 kilograms; Clean culture drilling tabernaemontanus bulrush root 0.5 kilogram; Clean culture common vetch 5 kilograms; Mixed seeding common vetch 4 kilograms, oat 10 kilograms; Described base fertilizer is 200 kilograms of sheep excrement; Describedly to topdress as 10 kilograms, urea, topdress for 1 year twice.
embodiment 2
A kind of greenhouse, Qinghai-Tibet Alpine-arctic Pastoral pasture growing technology, comprises the steps:
(1) preparation in greenhouse: greenhouse can adopt plastic simple greenhouse or domestic animal temperature canopy can, domestic animal temperature canopy uses then can only at warm season kind grass;
(2) grass seed and base fertilizer are mixed respectively, for subsequent use;
(3) any season in greenhouse, any time, in greenhouse, carry out Soil tillage, adopt and manually turn over;
(4) first base fertilizer is manured into soil before broadcasting sowing plantation, more smooth, polish soil;
(5) drilling herbage then adopts the way of trench digging, is being sprinkled into base fertilizer after trench digging, trench digging line-spacing 10cm;
(6) grass seed kind is entered in soil, degree of depth 2cm;
(7) manual mulching soil, smooth soil, and manually suppress;
(8) before rainy season set, open greenhouse lid, make rainwater enter greenhouse, and apply urea fertilizer, topdress;
(9) time 7-8 month, temperature was higher, open greenhouse covering, prevent herbage by sultry lethal;
(10) carry out first time mid-July to mow, mid-September carries out remowing, and keeps greenhouse covering, promotes its cold season herbage safe overwintering, and keeps good aboveground vegetation.
The greenhouse of step (1) is simple greenhouse, and requiring that room ridge height is the highest can not more than 2 meter.The grass seed of described step (2) is: with every mu of Dosage calculation, clean culture alfalfa 1 kilogram; Mixed seeding alfalfa 0.5 kilogram, oat 10 kilograms; Clean culture oat 15 kilograms; Clean culture drilling tabernaemontanus bulrush root 0.5 kilogram; Clean culture common vetch 5 kilograms; Mixed seeding common vetch 4 kilograms, oat 10 kilograms; Described base fertilizer is 10 kg of phosphoric acid two ammoniums; Describedly to topdress as 10 kilograms, urea, topdress for 1 year twice.
Last it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. greenhouse, a Qinghai-Tibet Alpine-arctic Pastoral pasture planting method, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) preparation in greenhouse: greenhouse adopts plastic simple greenhouse or domestic animal temperature canopy, domestic animal temperature canopy uses then can only at warm season kind grass;
(2) grass seed and base fertilizer are mixed respectively, for subsequent use;
(3) any season in greenhouse, any time, in greenhouse, carry out Soil tillage, adopt and manually turn over;
(4) first base fertilizer is manured into soil before broadcasting sowing plantation, more smooth, polish soil;
(5) drilling herbage then adopts the way of trench digging, is being sprinkled into base fertilizer after trench digging, trench digging line-spacing about 10cm;
(6) grass seed kind is entered in soil, about degree of depth 2cm;
(7) manual mulching soil, smooth soil, and manually suppress;
(8) before rainy season set, open greenhouse lid, make rainwater enter greenhouse, and apply urea fertilizer, topdress;
(9) time 7-8 month, temperature was higher, open greenhouse covering, prevent herbage by sultry lethal;
(10) carry out first time in mid-July to mow, 9 middle of the month carried out remowing, and kept greenhouse covering, promoted its cold season herbage safe overwintering, and kept good aboveground vegetation;
Wherein, described Alpine-arctic Pastoral height above sea level is at more than 4500m;
The greenhouse of described step (1) is simple greenhouse, and requiring that room ridge height is the highest can not more than 2 meter;
The grass seed of described step (2) is: with every mu of Dosage calculation, clean culture alfalfa 1 kilogram; Mixed seeding alfalfa 0.5 kilogram, oat 10 kilograms; Clean culture oat 15 kilograms; Clean culture drilling tabernaemontanus bulrush root 0.5 kilogram; Clean culture common vetch 5 kilograms; Mixed seeding common vetch 4 kilograms, oat 10 kilograms; Described base fertilizer is 200 kilograms of sheep excrement or 10 kg of phosphoric acid two ammoniums; Describedly to topdress as 10 kilograms, urea, topdress for 1 year twice.
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| CN201310033437.0A CN103081686B (en) | 2013-01-29 | 2013-01-29 | Qinghai-Tibet plateau high-cold pasturing area greenhouse grass planting technology |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104067794B (en) * | 2014-04-09 | 2016-04-20 | 中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所 | A kind of method improving high and cold area Jian Kuo pea output |
| CN104686187B (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2017-04-05 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | A kind of method of Alpine-arctic Pastoral warmhouse booth artificial growth herbage |
| CN105638204A (en) * | 2016-01-06 | 2016-06-08 | 甘肃省农业科学院畜草与绿色农业研究所 | Method for safe wintering of non-autumn dormancy level alfalfa |
| CN107593355B (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2020-06-19 | 东北农业大学 | Method for co-sowing and planting oat and common vetch in different altitude areas of Qinghai-Tibet plateau |
| CN108935096B (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2021-07-16 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Method for planting alfalfa in typical grassland area under rain-fed condition |
| CN117426262B (en) * | 2023-12-21 | 2024-02-23 | 中国农业科学院草原研究所 | Low-disturbance quick production method of feeding oat suitable for natural grasslands |
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| CN102428820A (en) * | 2011-09-26 | 2012-05-02 | 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 | Alpine area oat-common vetch mixed sowing method |
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| CN102217468A (en) * | 2010-04-14 | 2011-10-19 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Lawn protecting method adaptive to climatic change in high frigid grassland regions |
| CN102144461A (en) * | 2010-11-29 | 2011-08-10 | 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 | Quick regenerating method for vegetation of returning farmland to grassland zone in extremely cold areas |
| CN102428820A (en) * | 2011-09-26 | 2012-05-02 | 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 | Alpine area oat-common vetch mixed sowing method |
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