CN103068557A - 用于对由热塑性塑料制成的管进行对接焊的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于对由热塑性塑料制成的管进行对接焊的方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103068557A
CN103068557A CN2011800294739A CN201180029473A CN103068557A CN 103068557 A CN103068557 A CN 103068557A CN 2011800294739 A CN2011800294739 A CN 2011800294739A CN 201180029473 A CN201180029473 A CN 201180029473A CN 103068557 A CN103068557 A CN 103068557A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
heating
pipe
heating plate
temperature
welding
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Pending
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CN2011800294739A
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English (en)
Inventor
J.韦梅林格
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GEORGE FISHER PIPELINE SYSTEM CO Ltd
Georg Fischer Rohrleitungssysteme AG
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GEORGE FISHER PIPELINE SYSTEM CO Ltd
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Application filed by GEORGE FISHER PIPELINE SYSTEM CO Ltd filed Critical GEORGE FISHER PIPELINE SYSTEM CO Ltd
Publication of CN103068557A publication Critical patent/CN103068557A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D23/00—Producing tubular articles
    • B29D23/001—Pipes; Pipe joints
    • B29D23/003—Pipe joints, e.g. straight joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D3/00—Cutting work characterised by the nature of the cut made; Apparatus therefor
    • B26D3/16—Cutting rods or tubes transversely
    • B26D3/166—Trimming tube-ends
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/20—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/20—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
    • B29C65/2092—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror" and involving the use of a facer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7802—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
    • B29C65/7835—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by using stops
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/022—Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
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    • B29C66/0224—Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping with removal of material
    • B29C66/02241—Cutting, e.g. by using waterjets, or sawing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/03—After-treatments in the joint area
    • B29C66/032—Mechanical after-treatments
    • B29C66/0322—Post-pressing without reshaping, i.e. keeping the joint under pressure after joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
    • B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/32—Measures for keeping the burr form under control; Avoiding burr formation; Shaping the burr
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91431—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature the temperature being kept constant over time
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/922—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9221—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B29C66/9231—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the displacement of the joining tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B29C66/92441—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power the pressure, the force or the mechanical power being non-constant over time
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种方法和一种装置，所述方法和装置用于借助于对接焊方法对由热塑性塑料制成的塑料管（1）进行焊接，其中，借助于夹紧部位（2）将所述管（1）保持在彼此同轴的位置中，借助于能够在所述夹紧部位（2）之间移动的刨刀（3）对所述管进行刨削，并且借助于能够代替所述刨刀（3）被装配的加热板（6）对所述管进行加热，其中，通过加热有待自由焊接的管端部（8）形成熔化区域，所述熔化区域在挤压时形成了凸起，其中，所述管（1）的管突出部分（5）被刨削至限定的尺寸。

Description

用于对由热塑性塑料制成的管进行对接焊的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种借助于对接焊方法对由热塑性塑料制成的塑料管进行对接焊的方法和装置，其中，借助于夹紧部位将所述管保持在彼此同轴的位置中，借助于可在夹紧部位之间移动的刨刀对所述管进行刨削，并且借助于可代替刨刀被装配的加热板对所述管进行加热，其中，通过加热有待自由焊接的管端部形成熔化区域，所述熔化区域在挤压下形成凸起。
背景技术
迄今为止，已知的用于对两个塑料管进行对接焊的方法基本上一直都是相同的，无论其是通过手工进行还是通过自动化机器进行。所述塑料管被夹紧在为此设置的夹紧部位中，其中，对置的管端部从夹紧部位向外突出，并且通过位于两个管之间的刨刀以及所述夹紧部位的相互的聚拢沿旋转的刨刀的方向除去所有破损和脏物。此外还实现了，所述管端部的端面垂直于管轴线并且平行于其他管端部的对置的端面延伸。紧接着所述管端部相互分开地移动并且除去刨刀，接着将加热板移至所述管之间，夹紧部位重新朝向彼此移动，以便使所述管端部的端面与加热板接触。所述管端部的补偿是在预先给定的恒定压力下进行的，所述压力取决于材料、管直径以及壁厚。绝大部分由液压装置形成的压力如此长时间地施加在两个管端部和/或加热板上，直至在管端部的圆周上形成相当于预先给定的尺寸的凸起。所述压力在自此之后进行的加热阶段中减小，并在预先给定的时间内保持不变，以便达到在塑料管的接合区中为了焊接所必需的温度条件。之后，所述夹紧部位又被彼此分开地推开，将加热板除去，并随后将管端部在预先给定的压力下及限定的时间间隔内进行压合（zusammenpressen），从而实现所述管端部必要的贯通，并确保对管端部的焊接。在这种用于形成塑料管的焊接连接的方法中，无法对所述凸起在其尺寸上进行优化且造成尺寸偏大，这导致对管中流动的负面影响，而且此外还需要长的加工时间。
在文献DE 198 27 146 A1中公开了一种用于塑料管的对接焊的方法，其中，所述夹紧部位的驱动是通过被赋予了控制功能的电动机实现的。从两个管端部与加热元件形成接触的位置出发，所述夹紧部位按照预先给定的存储在控制装置中的时间-位移曲线移动，为了进行补偿必需的位移配属于所述夹紧部位，并且在加热阶段的过程中大体上保持不变。除去所述加热元件之后，两个管端部从接合过程开始的位置出发形成相互接触，所述夹紧部位按照第二预先给定的时间-位移曲线行经确定的、为了接合所必需的位移，并在冷却阶段的过程中大体上保持不变。
这种解决方案的缺陷在于，所述方法需要复杂的控制装置，在该控制装置中对于每个直径和每种材料都保存了与之相应的时间-位移曲线。此外，所述装置还需要用于确定管端部位置的感应器或者说传感器，在焊接过程中必须对所述管端部位置进行两次测量。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种方法和与其关联的装置，从而在保证安全的情况下能够实现伴随有最小凸起形成的管端部焊接，并且能够最小化能量耗费和时间耗费，并且此外还得到成本低廉并且简便的控制装置。
根据本发明，该目的通过以下方式来实现：将所述管突出部分刨削至限定的尺寸，也就是说，所述管突出部分在每次焊接时被预加工成同一长度，这是通过作为位移限制器使用的机械挡块实现的，或者通过装入的且与控制装置连接的位移测量系统实现的，所述位移测量系统实现了期望位置的精确起动。通过刨削至限定的尺寸，并通过将加热板的温度或者说加热时间与相当于周围环境温度的管温度相平衡，从而使单独的补偿阶段变得不再是必不可少的，所述补偿阶段持续一个限定的、独立于加热阶段的时间段。至今，所述补偿阶段被用于实现期望的、相应于需求的凸起，在所述补偿阶段中，将确定的压力在预先给定的持续时间内施加在管突出部分上。通过所述凸起的尺寸能够推断在接合区中的温度，并且由此保证良好的焊接，然而还形成了相当大的、有害于管中流动的凸起，这是能够通过这里所描述的新方法加以避免的。然而，由于目前对于良好的热传递的前提仍然是管突出部分与加热板的接触，所述管突出部分较之加热挡块具有不高于0.5mm的长度余量，由此给出了积分到加热阶段的最小补偿，因为通过与管温度或者说周围环境温度相适应的加热板的温度或者说加热阶段的持续时间，不再需要单独的补偿阶段。由此，在此所描述的新方法中的补偿与传统的DVS方法中的补偿不再有同样的目的。
在此所描述的新方法中，所述加热板温度被调整得与相当于周围环境温度的管温度相适应。所述周围环境温度示例性地借助于传感器求得，并且在控制装置中与配属于加热板温度的标准值相比较。所述标准值与测量值之间的差值被加在加热板温度中，或者从标准值的加热板温度中被减去。在周围环境温度较低的情况下需要相应更高的加热板温度，反之亦然。
使对接焊过程与周围环境温度相适应的另一种可能性在于，相应地延长或缩短加热阶段的时间，从而在周围环境温度或者说管温度较低的情况下充分延长加热阶段。还可以考虑直接在管上测量管温度，以代替对周围环境温度的测量。
在接合阶段还存在借助于机械挡块或位移测量系统对接合位移进行限定的可能性，当然，在此描述的新方法中还存在压力控制地实施所述接合的可选方案。在此描述的新方法的特征在于缩短的焊接时间、低能量耗费以便及实现尽可能小的凸起。其中，能够尽可能简便地实施在此描述的新方法，也就是说，能够不用任何压力传感器和位移测量系统而实施在此描述的新方法，然而，具有这种应用的扩展方案也是完全可以考虑且可行的。
附图说明
以下根据实施例的附图对本发明进行解释。附图示出：
图1为根据在此描述的新方法的、用于焊接塑料管的装置在刨削之前的示意图；
图2为根据在此描述的新方法的、用于焊接塑料管的装置在刨削过程中的示意图；
图3为根据在此描述的新方法的、用于焊接塑料管的装置在加热之前的示意图；
图4为根据在此描述的新方法的、用于焊接塑料管的装置在加热过程中的示意图；
图5为在完整的焊接工序过程中在接合区中的两个时间-压力曲线图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了在刨削前被夹紧在夹紧部位2中的管1。在刨刀3上具有固定装配的刨削挡块4，从而使得管突出部分5的长度被精确地刨削至一定尺寸，此外还保证了在每次焊接时形成同样的凸起。在图2中，所述夹紧部位2相对于刨刀3移动，直至其排列在刨削挡块4上，由此限定精确的管突出部分长度。如同在图3中所示出的那样，在接下来的步骤中，所述夹紧部位2连同被夹紧的管1重新相互分开地移动，以便将加热板（Heizspiegel）6安放到所述刨刀3的部位上。所述加热板6具有加热挡块7，从而在必要时可实施受控的补偿（Angleichen）。与刨刀挡块4相比，所述加热挡块7如此构造，从而缩短了不超过0.5mm，以便保证管突出部分5与加热板6在两侧上都能接触。图4示出了，所述管突出部分5比加热挡块7稍长，由此夹紧部位2的相对于加热板6的聚拢（Zusammenfahren）导致了在管突出部分5上的压力，直至管突出部分5的长度通过加热被降低至或者说熔掉至加热挡块7的长度，并且夹紧部位2排列在加热挡块7上。
图5示出了塑料管焊接装置的两条压力-时间曲线。曲线A表示在刨削后按照DVS（德国焊接技术联合会）的传统的对接焊连接方法。补偿10被视作第一阶段，通过所述补偿将突出的、并且已经被刨削但尚未被刨削至一定尺寸的管端部8挤压到被调整至期望温度的加热板6上。所述补偿过程10造成一定补偿压力。通过管端部8在加热板6上的相互挤压形成了取决于材料的补偿压力并且保持恒定直至达到期望值，所述期望值通过光学监控凸起的尺寸而形成。在下一个阶段中进行加热过程11，在所述加热过程中压力降低至近乎零。这一过程为接合区提供对于焊接来说所必需的热量。能够通过数据表（Tabelle）或者说经验值来求得持续时间，以便形成必要的熔化层厚度。
在接下来的步骤中进行转换12，也就是说使管1相互分开，以便除去加热板6，并且以便之后立即使管1移动到焊接位置中。所述管端部8被聚拢，直至达到期望的、相当于需求的接合压力。由此，在接合阶段13的过程中，应当在接合区中引起熔融流动（Schmelzfluss）。在随后的冷却阶段14a中维持所述压力，冷却时间取决于所述接合区的宽度、所达到的熔化温度、存在于焊缝部位中的熔化体积（Schmelzvolume）、塑料的热力学性质。当在接合区中的熔化液硬化并且塑料达到足够的强度时，所述冷却过程结束。
曲线B示出了本发明的时间-压力曲线，由于所述管突出部分6被刨削至精确的尺寸，并且所述加热板6的温度或者说周围环境温度的加热时间11由此与管温度相适应，在此所描述的新方法不再需要补偿10。所述周围环境温度通过传感器被检测，并且示例性地与配属于加热板温度的标准值进行比较，并计算出差值。所述周围环境温度或者说管温度与标准值的温度差值被相应地从加热板温度中减去，或者加入到加热板温度中。也就是说，当周围环境温度或者说管温度较低时，所述加热板温度被加上相对于标准值的相应的温度差值，以便补偿在焊接中所缺乏的温度。当管温度高于标准值时，同样相应地减去所述温度差值。通过这种措施能够削减补偿10的阶段。在曲线B中，在所述加热阶段11的开始时，通过已经提到过的、与加热挡块7的长度相比不超过0.5mm的管突出部分余量（Rohrüberstandzugabe）形成了短时升高的压力，由此保证了所述管突出部分5与加热板6形成接触，并且进行最佳效果的传热。一旦在所述管突出部分5中的材料如此变软，从而最多0.5mm的长度余量被压掉或者说被熔掉，并且夹紧部位排列在加热挡块7上，则在管突出部分中的压力下降，随后，材料中的压力减少至近乎零。所述曲线B的加热阶段11相当于预先给定的时间间隔，以便保证在接合区内有足够的用于焊接的热量吸收。理论上还可以考虑的是，在在此所描述的新方法的加热阶段11的过程中避免在开始时出现的高压，然而所述管突出部分必须准确地在没有任何余量的情况下被刨削至一定尺寸，并且这还带来了以下风险：所述管端部8在没有保护措施的情况下贴靠在加热板6上，这导致了加热板6和管端部8之间狭窄的空隙，并阻碍了良好的传热。在阶段12中进行了转换，在相互分开管1后去除所述加热板6，紧接着所述管1在接合阶段13中被聚拢。该过程不仅能够位移受控地而且能够压力受控地进行，此外，在接合阶段13的过程中还可以考虑位移-压力控制装置的组合。
通过在此所描述的新方法B中的材料节省而使冷却阶段14相应地变得更短，因此能够避免在焊接过程中不必要的大凸起形成。在图5中示出了位移受控的接合13，在接合后可以看出明显的压力下降，因为在接合区中的材料在冷却14b时收缩。还可以考虑压力受控的接合，这是现有技术中已知的，并且在冷却阶段的过程中保持压力恒定不变。在存储在控制装置中的、预先给定的时间间隔的过程中实施这两种冷却的变型方案。为了监控所述冷却过程，还可以设想在冷却阶段的过程中对接合区中的管温度进行测量，从而确定所述温度何时被足够降低，以便管1从夹紧部位2上脱落下来。尽管所述新的焊接方法的时间需求很低并且节省了能量，但其仍保证了符合标准要求的焊接过程，并且通过形成最小的凸起实现了最优的管内流动。

Claims (9)

1.一种方法，所述方法用于借助对接焊方法对由热塑性塑料制成的塑料管（1）进行焊接，其中，借助于夹紧部位（2）将所述管（1）保持在彼此同轴的位置中，借助于能够在所述夹紧部位（2）之间移动的刨刀（3）对所述管进行刨削，并且借助于能够代替所述刨刀（3）被装配的加热板（6）对所述管进行加热，其中，通过加热有待自由焊接的管端部（8）产生熔化区域，所述熔化区域在挤压时形成了凸起，其特征在于，所述管（1）的管突出部分（5）被刨削至限定的尺寸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在加热阶段（11）的过程中进行补偿。
3.根据权利要求1或2中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，没有单独的补偿阶段（10）。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，接合阶段（13）是位移受控的。
5.根据权利要求1或4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述接合阶段（13）是压力受控的。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述加热板的加热温度相应地（成比例地）适应于周围环境温度。
7.根据权利要求1或6中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，加热阶段的持续时间取决于所述周围环境温度。
8.一种装置，所述装置用于借助对接焊方法对由热塑性塑料制成的塑料管（1）进行焊接，其中，借助于夹紧部位（2）将所述管（1）保持在彼此同轴的位置中，借助于能够在所述夹紧部位（2）之间移动的刨刀（3）对所述管进行刨削，并且借助于能够代替所述刨刀（3）被装配的加热板（6）对所述管进行加热，其中，通过加热有待自由焊接的管端部（8）形成熔化区域，所述熔化区域在挤压时形成了凸起，其特征在于，所述装置具有用于限定有待刨削的管突出部分（5）的长度的刨削挡块（4）。
9.根据权利要求8所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置具有位移测量系统。
CN2011800294739A 2010-06-16 2011-06-01 用于对由热塑性塑料制成的管进行对接焊的方法和装置 Pending CN103068557A (zh)

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