CN1030435C - 催化剂的活化处理 - Google Patents
催化剂的活化处理 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1030435C CN1030435C CN91112821A CN91112821A CN1030435C CN 1030435 C CN1030435 C CN 1030435C CN 91112821 A CN91112821 A CN 91112821A CN 91112821 A CN91112821 A CN 91112821A CN 1030435 C CN1030435 C CN 1030435C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- isobutanol
- vsb
- vanadium
- band
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 title description 10
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 129
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- -1 acyclic hydrocarbon Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000002440 hydroxy compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XCIXKGXIYUWCLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanol Chemical compound OC1CCCC1 XCIXKGXIYUWCLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract 6
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 76
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000001462 antimony Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 24
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 3
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical class CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBNLSMCCHISJHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sb]=O.[V] Chemical compound [Sb]=O.[V] HBNLSMCCHISJHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/18—Arsenic, antimony or bismuth
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/20—Vanadium, niobium or tantalum
- B01J23/22—Vanadium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/843—Arsenic, antimony or bismuth
- B01J23/8435—Antimony
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/847—Vanadium, niobium or tantalum or polonium
- B01J23/8472—Vanadium
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/631,837 US5094989A (en) | 1990-12-21 | 1990-12-21 | Process for activation of catalysts |
| US631,837 | 1990-12-21 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1063240A CN1063240A (zh) | 1992-08-05 |
| CN1030435C true CN1030435C (zh) | 1995-12-06 |
Family
ID=24532971
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN91112821A Expired - Fee Related CN1030435C (zh) | 1990-12-21 | 1991-12-20 | 催化剂的活化处理 |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5094989A (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| EP (1) | EP0492805B1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| JP (1) | JP2559938B2 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| KR (1) | KR920011576A (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| CN (1) | CN1030435C (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| AT (1) | ATE106277T1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| BR (1) | BR9105578A (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| CA (1) | CA2056923A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| DE (1) | DE69102258T2 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| ES (1) | ES2054446T3 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| MX (1) | MX9102713A (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| MY (1) | MY106880A (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| TW (1) | TW206926B (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
Families Citing this family (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2687670B1 (fr) * | 1992-02-20 | 1995-05-19 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Procede d'ammoxydation d'hydrocarbures satures. |
| JP3693343B2 (ja) * | 1993-08-26 | 2005-09-07 | ビーピー アメリカ，インコーポレイテッド | アンモ酸化触媒を改良する方法 |
| TR28292A (tr) * | 1993-09-02 | 1996-04-17 | Standard Oil Co Ohio | Olefinlerin ammoksidasyonu icin yöntem. |
| US5432141A (en) * | 1994-03-15 | 1995-07-11 | The Standard Oil Company | Preparation of attrition resistant vanadium-antimony oxide catalysts |
| US5498588A (en) | 1994-09-09 | 1996-03-12 | The Standard Oil Company | Surface modification and promotion of vanadium antimony oxide catalysts |
| TR28227A (tr) * | 1994-10-07 | 1996-02-16 | Bp America | Katalizör faaliyetinin gelistirilmesi yöntemi, gelistirilmis katalizörler ve bunlarin kullanimi. |
| FR2729651A1 (fr) * | 1995-01-24 | 1996-07-26 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Catalyseurs d'ammoxydation et leur procede de preparation |
| US5576469A (en) * | 1995-06-05 | 1996-11-19 | The Standard Oil Co. | Paraffin ammoxidation using vanadium antimony oxide based catalysts with halide promoters |
| US5693587A (en) * | 1995-06-06 | 1997-12-02 | The Standard Oil Company | Method for preparing vanadium antimony oxide based oxidation and ammoxidation catalysts |
| CN1085110C (zh) * | 1995-11-14 | 2002-05-22 | 标准石油公司 | 表面改性的钒锑氧化物催化剂的制备方法 |
| WO1998022421A1 (en) * | 1996-11-15 | 1998-05-28 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Process for the simultaneous preparation of acrylonitrile and acrylic acid |
| US5854172A (en) * | 1997-01-17 | 1998-12-29 | The Standard Oil Company | Preparation of vanadium antimonate based catalysts using SnO2 ·xH2 O |
| MY119391A (en) * | 1997-07-24 | 2005-05-31 | Standard Oil Co | Method for preparing improved vanadium antimony oxide based oxidation and ammoxidation catalysts |
| CN1166452C (zh) | 1998-08-28 | 2004-09-15 | 旭化成株式会社 | 从丙烷或异丁烷生产丙烯腈或甲基丙烯腈中所使用的氧化催化剂的制备方法 |
| WO2001030493A1 (en) * | 1999-10-26 | 2001-05-03 | The Standard Oil Company | Catalysts for the ammoxidation of alkanes |
| JP4647858B2 (ja) * | 2001-09-06 | 2011-03-09 | 旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社 | 酸化またはアンモ酸化用酸化物触媒及びその製造方法 |
| US6710011B2 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2004-03-23 | Saudi Basic Industries Corporatioin | Catalyst compositions for the ammoxidation of alkanes and olefins, methods of making and of using same |
| US20040102318A1 (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2004-05-27 | Brazdil James F. | Method for enhancing the productivity of vanadium antimony oxide catalysts |
| US6864384B2 (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2005-03-08 | The Standard Oil Company | Preparation of vanadium antimony oxide based catalysts using nano-scale iron |
| US6887825B2 (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2005-05-03 | The Standard Oil Company | Method for the preparation of vanadium-antimony-oxide based oxidation and ammoxidation catalysts using non-aqueous media |
| KR100671978B1 (ko) | 2005-07-19 | 2007-01-24 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 탈질환원촉매 |
| CN106833801B (zh) * | 2017-02-23 | 2020-07-28 | 广州市芬芳环保科技有限公司 | Fe-Ti-Tb三元复合型节煤固硫除焦添加剂及其制备方法和应用 |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT829026A (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) * | 1967-04-18 | |||
| EP0148544A1 (en) * | 1984-01-10 | 1985-07-17 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Process for preparing inorganic metal oxygen composition capable of dehydrocoupling toluene |
| US4746641A (en) * | 1984-08-22 | 1988-05-24 | Standard Oil Company | Ammoxidation of paraffins and catalysts therefor |
| US4837233A (en) * | 1986-07-21 | 1989-06-06 | The Standard Oil Company | Catalyst system for ammoxidation of paraffins |
| US4797381A (en) * | 1987-07-30 | 1989-01-10 | The Standard Oil Company | Preparation of abrasion resistant alumina-supported vanadium-antimony oxidic catalysts |
| US4784979A (en) * | 1987-12-07 | 1988-11-15 | The Standard Oil Company | Catalyst and catalyst precursor containing vanadium and antimony |
-
1990
- 1990-12-21 US US07/631,837 patent/US5094989A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-11-26 EP EP91310846A patent/EP0492805B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-11-26 ES ES91310846T patent/ES2054446T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-11-26 AT AT91310846T patent/ATE106277T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-11-26 DE DE69102258T patent/DE69102258T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-12-04 CA CA002056923A patent/CA2056923A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-12-10 KR KR1019910022515A patent/KR920011576A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 1991-12-12 TW TW080109759A patent/TW206926B/zh active
- 1991-12-19 MX MX9102713A patent/MX9102713A/es unknown
- 1991-12-20 CN CN91112821A patent/CN1030435C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-12-20 JP JP3361149A patent/JP2559938B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-12-20 MY MYPI91002371A patent/MY106880A/en unknown
- 1991-12-23 BR BR919105578A patent/BR9105578A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR920011576A (ko) | 1992-07-24 |
| CA2056923A1 (en) | 1992-06-22 |
| ES2054446T3 (es) | 1994-08-01 |
| DE69102258D1 (de) | 1994-07-07 |
| CN1063240A (zh) | 1992-08-05 |
| EP0492805B1 (en) | 1994-06-01 |
| MX9102713A (es) | 1994-04-29 |
| JPH05293374A (ja) | 1993-11-09 |
| ATE106277T1 (de) | 1994-06-15 |
| US5094989A (en) | 1992-03-10 |
| TW206926B (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) | 1993-06-01 |
| EP0492805A1 (en) | 1992-07-01 |
| BR9105578A (pt) | 1992-09-01 |
| DE69102258T2 (de) | 1994-09-15 |
| JP2559938B2 (ja) | 1996-12-04 |
| MY106880A (en) | 1995-08-30 |
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