CN1030154C - 波导虚象显示器 - Google Patents

波导虚象显示器 Download PDF

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CN1030154C
CN1030154C CN92109019A CN92109019A CN1030154C CN 1030154 C CN1030154 C CN 1030154C CN 92109019 A CN92109019 A CN 92109019A CN 92109019 A CN92109019 A CN 92109019A CN 1030154 C CN1030154 C CN 1030154C
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virtual image
wavequide
optical waveguide
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optical
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CN1071262A (zh
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卡伦·E·杰奇莫威克斯
弗雷德·V·理查德
罗纳德·J·纳尔逊
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0023Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
    • G02B6/003Lens or lenticular sheet or layer
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/005Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02CSPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C9/00Attaching auxiliary optical parts
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09FDISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F13/00Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
    • G09F13/04Signs, boards or panels, illuminated from behind the insignia
    • G09F13/14Arrangements of reflectors therein
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017Head mounted
    • G02B2027/0178Eyeglass type
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0058Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide varying in density, size, shape or depth along the light guide
    • G02B6/006Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide varying in density, size, shape or depth along the light guide to produce indicia, symbols, texts or the like
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09FDISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F13/00Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
    • G09F13/04Signs, boards or panels, illuminated from behind the insignia
    • G09F13/0418Constructional details
    • G09F13/0422Reflectors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09FDISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F13/00Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
    • G09F13/04Signs, boards or panels, illuminated from behind the insignia
    • G09F13/14Arrangements of reflectors therein
    • G09F2013/145Arrangements of reflectors therein curved reflectors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09FDISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F13/00Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
    • G09F13/18Edge-illuminated signs
    • G09F2013/1804Achieving homogeneous illumination
    • G09F2013/1809Achieving homogeneous illumination using a non-homogeneous front window
    • G09F2013/1813Achieving homogeneous illumination using a non-homogeneous front window provided with a coating showing a pattern of dots of variable density
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09FDISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F13/00Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
    • G09F13/18Edge-illuminated signs
    • G09F2013/1804Achieving homogeneous illumination
    • G09F2013/1809Achieving homogeneous illumination using a non-homogeneous front window
    • G09F2013/1818Achieving homogeneous illumination using a non-homogeneous front window provided with a coating of variable thickness

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Illuminated Signs And Luminous Advertising (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)

Abstract

波导虚象显示器(15)包括图象发生装置(22),该装置在光波导(20)的入口提供实象。实象在光波导(20)内由衍射光学元件(23,25,26,27,28)反射多次,这些光学元件对实象进行放大和滤光并在观察孔产生一虚象。显示器(100)安装在一眼镜框(105)上以便不用手来观察。

Description

本发明是关于虚象显示的,特别是关于小型虚象显示器的。
现在在多种装置中使用视觉显示。问题在于视觉显示器需要较高的电功率并需要足够大的用以产生有效显示的面积。在现有技术中,例如,通常用液晶显示、直接观看的发光二极管等来提供视觉显示。这些装置产生了很大(面积)且很不方便的显示,大大增加了接收器的尺寸并需要较大量的功率。
例如,现有技术包括一个扫描镜,扫描镜周期地扫描一个单行象素来产生一个二维视觉显示但这也需要大功率且非常复杂并对震动非常敏感。还有扫描镜在装置中引起振动大大降低了视觉分辨力。
对上述问题的解决方法和其它优点在波导虚象显示器中可以实现,该显示器包括视孔,用于提供实象的图象发生装置;一个光波导,这个光波导带有一个入口和出口,入口邻接于图象发生器设置以便接收由此产生的实象,出口与入口相距并限定视孔,光波导限定了从入口到出口通过该波导的光路,其构成用来从入口到出口传递图象,波导虚象显示器还包括在光路中预定区域沿光波导设置的用于 放大入口处的实象并在出口提供放大的虚象的光学装置。
参照附图:
图1A和1B是体现本发明波导虚象显示器的侧视和俯视图;
图2是图1的波导虚象显示器的电子设备部分的简化方框图;
图3是图2LED阵列俯视图;
图4至图9是体现本发明的其他波导虚象显示器的侧示图;
图10A和10B分别是本发明头戴的波导虚象显示器的透视图及侧视图;
图11是体现本发明的另一波导虚象显示器的侧示图。
参看图1A和1B,分别以侧视及俯视来示出波导虚象显示器15。显示器15包括一光波导20。在本文件中使用的术语“波导”表示在一比较的厚的基体中完全内反射限制。这与更普通的应用相反,在普通的应用中光被限制在一个非常薄的层中,在这个层中只有离散的波导模式才能传导。光波导20带有被固定在其一个邻接端上的图象发生器装置22,该装置用于在实象入口处提供实象。从装置22来的实象沿光波导20呈角度地射向衍射放大镜。衍射放大镜23是已知透镜中的任何一种,在操作上类似于Fresnel透镜,现在是可以生产的。如现有技术中已知的,使用Fresnel规则的衍射透镜、双态光学器件等利用已知的半导体制造技术是可以生产的。这样的透镜可以方便的形成来提供所希望的放大量。
从装置22的实象而来的光线被透镜23衍射到第二透镜25 上,在透镜25上发生附加放大。然后光线沿光路通过光波导20,在预置区26及27上被反射,直到这些光线从虚象出口射出光波导20。根据显示器20所需的光学特性,区域26和/或27可以包括附加的衍射光学元件,来提供附加光能、滤光、象差矫正、等等。衍射光栅28确定了一个视孔,通过这个孔,观察者可观看到由装置22所产生实象的一个放大虚象。
在图2中更详细地图示了装置22,并且它包括例如半导体电子装置如由数据处理电路32所驱动的发光二极管(LED)阵列30。数据处理电路32包括例如逻辑开关电路阵列来控制LED阵列30中的每一个发光二极管。数据处理电路32除了逻辑开关电路阵列外或者没有这个阵列,还包括用来处理输入信号的微处理器或类似的电路以便在如LED阵列30的装置上产生所希望的实象。
在这个实施例中使用LED阵列30,因为它具有可以获得的极小尺寸又因为具有简单的结构和操作。当然应当理解到也可以使用其它图象发生装置,包括激光、光变色膜显象管投影(LCD),阴极射线管(CRT)等等但不限于这些。特别参看图3,示出了LED阵列30的一个平面简图,在这个阵列中象素在一个半导体基片35上以行和列形成了规则图案。每一个象素包括至少一个LED,如果需要还包括附加平行的LEDS,用于附加亮度及冗余度。通过以已知方式按行和列来寻址特定象素,激励这些特定象素以产生一实象。在输入端33接收数字数据或模拟数据并由数据处理电路32转换成信 号,这些信号可以激励所选象素来产生预定实象。
本领域一般技术人员将理解到,LED阵列30和半导体基片35在附图中大大地被放大了。半导体基片35的实际尺寸沿每一边为几毫米的数量级,每一个LED的每一边为一微米之小的数量级。由于半导体技术减少了基片的尺寸,所以需要更大的放大作用和更小的透镜系统。由于光波导中的很长的光路(多反射)允许衍射元件或透镜大大增加其焦距长度,同时基本不增加显示器的整体尺寸,可以取得较高的放大作用,而不会大大限制视域或降低眼睛的松驰度。
特别参看图4,示出了波导图象显示器的另一个实施例,这个显示器由40来代表。显示器40包括一个光波导42,这个光波导带有二个平行相隔的表面43和44,图象发生装置45固定在实象入口端。装置45基本上与上面解释的装置22相同,并提供一实象,这个图象沿光路通过光波导42传递到虚象出口。这个实象有角度地被引入光波导42,在分离的平行表面43和44的预定区域反射多次,最终作为被放大的虚象出现在虚象出口。应该理解到普通术语“反射”包括任何方式,在这个方式中角度射入的光射线在平行表面43或44之一的一个区域上被改变方向射回到光波导42的基体中。
在显示器40中,从装置45实象中来的光射线被面43第一次反射并被回射到面44上的一个预定区域,在该处固定有衍射光栅46。衍射光栅46的构造可将光衍射进多个光路。被衍射的光分别在面43及44上的预定区域上反射二次之多,然后作为虚象出现在由 第二衍射光栅47限定的出口上。将衍射光栅46及47设计成协同操作并一般作为一个低通波器来工作,它们去除诸如象素拾取噪声等所不希望的光。此外,这个低通滤波器作用使图象平滑并在衍射光栅47所限定的观察孔上产生更好地所希望的虚象。
特别参看图5,示出了波导虚象显示器50的另一个实施例,在这里将装置51固定在波导52的入口用来在入口上提供实象。从装置51的实象来的光射线呈角度地射向第一面53上的预定区,在该处这些光线一般沿由面53和54确定的光路被反射到第二面54上。将一衍射Fourier透镜固定到面53上的第一预定区域上并使光线扩散使得装置51中形成实象的象素之间的线及其它噪声被反射进光吸收或光传播的材料56中。将材料56固定到光波导52的面54上,吸收射在其上的光或是将光传出光波导52。图象(光射线)的余下部分反射到面53上所放置的第二衍射透镜57,透镜57与放置在面54上的另一衍射透镜58联合,一起完成图象的放大。所得到的图象被反射到光波导52的出口及最后的衍射光栅59,以便进行任何需要的进一步滤波及象差矫正。衍射光栅59限定了一个虚象孔,通过这个孔,观察者观察由装置51所产生的实象的一个放大虚象。
特别参看图6,示出了波导虚象显示器60的另一个实施例,在这里将装置61固定到光波导62的入口以对它产生一实象。通过放置在装置61及光波导62的入口之间的转向光学元件63,将从装置 61的实象而来的光线有角度地射向第一面64上的预定区域,在该处光线一般沿由面64及65确定的光路被反射回第二面65。转向元件63可以使用使光转向的许多学光学装置中的任何一种,包括但不限于衍射、折射、光学纤维器件等等。第一成象镜66与光波导62在第一预定区一体形成并提供放大。衍射光学元件67被固定在面65上的第二预定区并对射在其上的光线提供象差矫正。第二成象镜68在第三预定区上与光波导62一体形成并提供任何所需附加放大。最后的衍射光学元件69沿光波导62在出口处设置并与元件67协作来完成象差矫正。元件69确定了观察孔,通过该孔观察者观看一个放大的并进行了象差矫正的虚象。
当然,应理解到这里所披露的光波导62和其它光波导是由光学品质石英、光学品质塑料或已知的为此目的可获得的任何其它材料构成的。此外,这里描述的各种透镜和衍射光栅是单个制造的并加在波导表面上,或是与波导整体制造在一起成为一个单体,或是某种二者较好的结合。例如,波导可以是通过用光学品质塑料模注来形成的而各种衍射光学元件可以通过用原模压印一个聚合物软膜片来制成的,这个软膜片然后被附到光波导的表面上。另一方面由光学品质石英构成的光波导的表面可以用已知的半导体技术来加工(浸蚀、沉积等)以提供所希望的衍射和/或反射特性。
特别参看图7,示出了波导虚象显示器70的另一个实施例,在这里将装置71固定到波导72的入口以便向其提供实象,从装置71 的实象来的光线有角度地被射向第一面73上的一个预定区域,在这个区域光线一般沿由面73和74所确定光路被反射到第二面74上。三个衍射透镜75、76及77分别被固定在面73和74接下的三个预定区上,反射光线被射到这三个预定区上。衍射透镜75、76及77提供所需放大量使得所希望尺寸的虚象通过最后一个衍射元件78可以看到,衍射元件78限定了光波导72的出口。
特别参看图8,示出了波导虚象显示器80的另一个实施例,在这里将装置81固定到波导82的入口以便向其提供实象。波导82一般为平行四边形(侧视图)带有相对面83,84及85,86,它们相等且平行但与邻面并不垂直。面83确定了入口,并将从装置81的实象来的光线一般沿由所有四面所限定的光路射向邻面85上的预定区。三个衍射透镜87、88及89分别固定到相邻面85、84及86的三个预定区上,放大的虚象在面86的出口上看见。这个特殊实施例示出了一个显示器,这个显示器的整体尺寸稍有减少且波导中的材料量被减少以便减少重量和所使用的材料。
参看图9,仍然示出了波导虚象显示器90的另一个实施例,在这里使用具有一般三角形侧视图的光波导91。将用于提供实象的装置92固定在光波导91的第一面93上并发射光线,光线沿光路直接射到固定于第二面95上的衍射透镜94。将光线从透镜94反射到装在第三面97上的衍射透镜96上。透镜96又将光线反射通过最后衍射透镜98,衍射透镜98固定在光波导91的面93的出 口,在面93上的镜98为显示器90限定了一个观察孔。在这个特殊实施例中,这些面相互呈角度地设置使得显示器90的入口和出口是垂直的。
图10A及10B示出了波导虚象显示器100的一个实施例,在这里显示器100是与眼镜框架105并为一体的。框105为显示器100提供了方便的头戴装置以便可以不用手完成观察。显示器100可以是上面讨论的各种实施例中的任何一个,并且这个特别实施例是所选择特征的结合以便提供最方便的形状。显示器100包括一光波导110,它具有专门形成的四面111,112,113及114来引导光射线到预定区。装置115被固定到光波导110的面111上,并如上所述通过一个一般与面111垂直的入口提供实象。光线沿一光路行进到面112上的一个预定区,在这个区域中,衍射透镜116放大图象并将光射线反射到面113上的一个预定区。将第二衍射透镜117固定到面113上的预定区来提供图象的附加放大并将光线引向面112的出口。最后衍射光学元件118被固定到面112上的出口并限定一个用于观察所得放大虚象的观察孔。将面112及113设计成使衍射透镜117发射的光线与面112垂直。如在本技术领域已知的,入射到与该表面垂直的一个表面上的光线提供了通过这个表面的最有效的传输,结果可以相信这个实施例的设计在结构上是最简洁的且在运行上是最有效的。
特别参看图11,示出了波导虚象显示器120的另一个实施例, 在这里设置图象发生装置121通过折射透镜123向光波导122的入口提供实象。这个入口被限定在光波导122的第一面124上且光线通过透镜123被射向光波导122的第二面125上的一个预定区域。在面125上的这个预定区域上设置衍射透镜126且将光线改向返回到面124的出口,这个出口是由衍射透镜127限定的。通过衍射透镜127从光波导122的出口发射的光线,被相对于衍射透镜127而固定设置的衍射透镜128最后一次放大。应理解到,衍射及折射光学元件的各种组合即可以在光波导外部也可以在光波导内部使用,来提供所需光功率、象差矫正、放大,滤光等。
虽然已示出和解释了多种不同的实施例,但应理解到,任何一个实施例可以具有任何所述特征或所有所述特征。一般地说,每一个特殊实施例可以被修改来提供所希望的应用,且包括所需的任何特征。
这里披露了新的并被大大改进了的波导虚象显示器,它可以使用非常小的LED阵列或是其它实象装置。波导虚象显示器提供了预定量的放大作用而不降低眼睛的松驰度或降低透镜系统的工作距离。此外,作为波导虚象显示器的一部分而使用的电子装置可产生各种小的实象,观察者可以通过例如头戴而不用手的显示器轻易和舒适地观察这些非常小的实象。

Claims (10)

1、一种具有观看孔的波导虚象显示器(15),其特征在于包括:
提供实象的图象发生装置(22);
光波导(20),具有与装置(22)邻接设置的入口用来接收由装置(22)提供的实象及与入口相距并限定了观看孔(28)的出口,该光波导(20)确定了从入口到出口贯通的光路并被构造成从入口到出口传递图象;以及
沿光波导(20)在光路中预定区域上设置的光学装置(23,25,26,27,28),用于放大在入口提供的实象并在出口提供一放大的虚象。
2、如权利要求1所述的波导虚象显示器,其进一步的特征在于光波导(20)是由光学品质塑料构成的。
3、如权利要求2所述的波导虚象显示器,其进一步的特征在于,光学装置包括与光波导(20)一体形成的作为光波导(20)一面的一个部分的透镜(23,25)。
4、如权利要求2所述的波导虚象显示器,其进一步的特征在于这些光学装置包括衍射光学元件(28),该元件(28)由安置在光波导(20)的一个表面上的光致聚合物软膜片构成。
5、如权利要求1所述的波导虚象显示器,其进一步特征在于光波导(20)由光学品质石英玻璃构成。
6、如权利要求1所述的波导虚象显示器,其进一步特征在于光学装置包括衍射光学元件(28)。
7、如权利要求6所述的波导虚象显示器,其进一步特征在于衍射光学元件包括衍射透镜(25)。
8、如权利要求1所述的波导虚象显示器,其进一步的特征在于提供实象的装置(22)形成在一半导体基片(35)上。
9、如权利要求1所述的波导虚象显示器,其进一步的特征在于提供实象的装置(22)包括发光二极管阵列(30)。
10、如权利要求9所述的波导虚象显示器,其进一步的特征在于形成图象的电子装置(32)与提供实象的装置相连,这个装置产生与从电子装置接收的信号相一致的实象。
CN92109019A 1991-09-30 1992-08-06 波导虚象显示器 Expired - Fee Related CN1030154C (zh)

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US07/767,180 US5224198A (en) 1991-09-30 1991-09-30 Waveguide virtual image display
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CN1030154C true CN1030154C (zh) 1995-10-25

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