CN1071262A - 波导虚象显示器 - Google Patents

波导虚象显示器 Download PDF

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CN1071262A
CN1071262A CN92109019A CN92109019A CN1071262A CN 1071262 A CN1071262 A CN 1071262A CN 92109019 A CN92109019 A CN 92109019A CN 92109019 A CN92109019 A CN 92109019A CN 1071262 A CN1071262 A CN 1071262A
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wavequide
virtual image
optical
optical waveguide
image display
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CN1030154C (zh
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卡伦·E·杰奇莫威克斯
弗雷德·V·理查德
罗纳德·J·纳尔逊
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Motorola Solutions Inc
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0023Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
    • G02B6/003Lens or lenticular sheet or layer
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/005Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02CSPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C9/00Attaching auxiliary optical parts
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09FDISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F13/00Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
    • G09F13/04Signs, boards or panels, illuminated from behind the insignia
    • G09F13/14Arrangements of reflectors therein
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017Head mounted
    • G02B2027/0178Eyeglass type
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0058Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide varying in density, size, shape or depth along the light guide
    • G02B6/006Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide varying in density, size, shape or depth along the light guide to produce indicia, symbols, texts or the like
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09FDISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F13/00Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
    • G09F13/04Signs, boards or panels, illuminated from behind the insignia
    • G09F13/0418Constructional details
    • G09F13/0422Reflectors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09FDISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F13/00Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
    • G09F13/04Signs, boards or panels, illuminated from behind the insignia
    • G09F13/14Arrangements of reflectors therein
    • G09F2013/145Arrangements of reflectors therein curved reflectors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09FDISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F13/00Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
    • G09F13/18Edge-illuminated signs
    • G09F2013/1804Achieving homogeneous illumination
    • G09F2013/1809Achieving homogeneous illumination using a non-homogeneous front window
    • G09F2013/1813Achieving homogeneous illumination using a non-homogeneous front window provided with a coating showing a pattern of dots of variable density
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09FDISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F13/00Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
    • G09F13/18Edge-illuminated signs
    • G09F2013/1804Achieving homogeneous illumination
    • G09F2013/1809Achieving homogeneous illumination using a non-homogeneous front window
    • G09F2013/1818Achieving homogeneous illumination using a non-homogeneous front window provided with a coating of variable thickness

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Illuminated Signs And Luminous Advertising (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)

Abstract

波导虚象显示器(15)包括图象发生装置(22),该 装置在光波导(20)的入口提供实象。实象在光波导 (20)内由衍射光学元件(23,25,26,27,28)反射多 次,这些光学元件对实象放大且滤光并在观察孔产生 一虚象。显示器(100)安装在一眼镜框(105)上以便 不用手来观察。

Description

本发明是关于虚象显示的,特别是关于小型虚象显示器(compact    virtwal    image    displays)的。
现在在多种装置中使用视觉显示。问题在于视觉显示器需要相对高的电能并需要许多足够大的用以产生有效显示的区域。在现有技术中,例如,通常用液晶显示,直接观看的发光二极管等来提供视觉显示。这些装置产生了很大(面积)且很不方便的显示,大大增加了接收器的尺寸并需要相对大量的能量。
例如,现有技术包括一个扫描镜,扫描镜周期地扫描一个单行象素来产生一个二维视觉显示但这也需要相对大量的能量且非常复杂并对震动非常敏感。还有这个扫描镜在装置中引起的振动大大降低了视觉分辨力。
对上述问题的解决方法和其它优点在具有一视孔的波导虚象显示器中可以实现,这个显示器包括用于提供实象的图象发生装置,一个光波导,这个光波导带有一个入口和出口,入口邻接于图象发生器以便接收由此产生的实象,出口与入口相分隔并确定视孔,这个光波导确定了从入口到出口通过该波导的一个光路径并被构造成从入口到出口传递图象,波导虚象显示器还包括沿光路径中预定区域光波导放置的用于放大入口处的实象并在出口提供一放大的虚象的光学装置。
参照附图:
图1A和1B是体现本发明的一个波导虚象显示器的侧视和俯视图;
图2是图1的波导虚象显示器的电子设备部分的简化方框图;
图3是图2LED阵列(局部)俯视图;
图4至图9是每一个都体现了本发明的其他波导虚象显示器的侧示图;
图10A和10B分别是体现本发明的安装在头部(headmounted)的波导虚象显示器的透视及侧视图;
图11是体现本发明的另一波导虚象显示器的侧示图。
参看图1A和1B,分别以侧视及俯视来示出波导虚象显示器15。显示器15包括一光波导20。在本文件中使用的术语“波导”代表在一相对厚基体中的整个内部反射界限(total    liternal    reflection    confirement)。这与更普通的应用相对立,在这个更普通的应用中光被限制到一个非常薄的层中,在这个层中只有离散的波导模式(discrete    wareguide    mode)才能传导。光波导20带有被固定在其一个邻接端上的图象发生器装置22,该装置用于在实象入口上提供实象。从装置22来的实象沿光波导20有角度地被引向衍射放大镜(diffractive    magnifyinglens)。衍射镜23是已知透镜中的任何一种,在操作上类似于Fresnel透镜,现在是可以生产的。如在这项工艺中已知的,使用Fresnel规则的衍射透镜,双态透镜(binary    optics)等利用已知的半导体制造技术是可生产的。这样的透镜是以普通方式构造的来提供所希望的放大量。
从装置22的实象而来的光射线被透镜23衍射到第二透镜25上,透镜25上发生有附加放大。然后光射线沿通过光波导20的光径被引导,在预置区26及27上波反射,直到这些光射线从虚象出口走出光波导20。根据显示20所需的光学特性,区域26和/或27可以包括附加的衍射光学元件,来提供附加光能,滤光,象差矫正(aberration    correction),等等。衍射光栅28确定了一个视孔,通过这个孔观察者观看由装置22所产生的实象的一个放大虚象。
装置22在图2中更详细的被图示出来,并且它包括例如半导体电子设备如由数据处理电路32所驱动的发光二极管(LED)系统30。数据处理电路32包括例如逻辑及开关电路系统来控制LED系统30中的每一个发光二极管。数据处理电路32除了逻辑和开关电路系统以外或者取代这个电路系统,包括用来处理输入信号的微处理器或类似的电路以便在如LED系统30的装置上产生所希望的实象。
在这个特殊实施例中使用LED系统30因为它具有可以获得的极小尺寸且具有简化的结构和操作。当然应当理解到也可以使用其它图象发生装置,包括激光、光变色膜显象管投影(LCD),阴极射线管(CRT)等等但不限于它们。特别参看图3,示出了LED系统30的一个简图,在这个系统中在一个单个半导体基片35上以纵横所列的规则图案形成了图象层。每一个图象层包括至少一个LED,如果需要还包括附加平行的LEDS以用于附加亮度及冗余度。通过以已知方式用行列来寻址特殊图象层,激励这些特殊图象层以便产生一实象。在输入端33接收数字或逻辑数据并由数据处理电路32转换成信号,这些信号可以激励所选图象层来产生预定实象。
对于那些熟知本领域的人们将理解到LED系统30和半导体基片35在图中大大地被放大了。半导体基片35的实际尺寸沿每一面为几毫米的数量级,每一个LED的每一面为一微米之小的数量级。由于半导体技术减少了基片的尺寸,所以需要更大的放大作用和更小的透镜系统。由于光波导中的很长的光径(多反射)允许衍射元件或透镜的大大增加其焦距长度同时基本不增加显示器的整体尺寸,可以取得相对高的放大作用而不会大大限制观察区域或大大地降低眼睛的松驰度。
特别参看图4,示出了波导图象显示器的另一个实施例,这个显示器由40来代表。显示器40包括一个光波导42,这个光波导带有二个平行相隔的表面43和44,图象发生装置45在实象入口端被固定在表面44上。装置45基本上与上面解释的装置22相同,并提供一实象,这个图象沿通过光波导的光经传递到虚象出口。这个实象有角度地被引入光波导42以便在预定区域中从分隔的平行表面43和44反射多次,最终作为被放大虚象出现在虚象出口。应该理解到普通术语“反射”的使用包括任何方式,在这个方式中被有角度引入的光射线从在平行表面43或44之一上的一个区域被改变方向回到光波导42的基体中。
在显示器40中,从装置45实象中来的光射线从面43第一次被反射并被往回引向面44上的一个预定区域,在面44上固定有衍射光栅46。衍射光栅46被构造成将光衍射进多个光径。被衍射的光分别在面43及44上的预定区域上反射二次之多,然后作为虚象出现在由第二衍射光栅47限定的出口上。将衍射光栅46及47设计成共同操作并一般作为一个低通滤波器(low    pass    filter)来运行,这个滤波器去除这样的不合乎希望的光如象素拾取噪声(pixellation    noise)及类似物。此外,这个低速滤波器使图象平滑并在衍射光栅47所限定的观察孔上产生更好地所希望的虚象。
特别参看图5,示出了波导虚象显示器50的另一个实施例,在这里将装置51固定到波导52的入口以便在入口上提供实象。从装置51的实象来的光射线有角度地被引向第一面53上的预定区,在这个区域中,这些光射线一般沿由面53和54确定光径被反射到第二面54上。将一衍射Fourier透镜固定到第一预定区域上的面53上并使光射线扩散以便使在装置51中形成实象的图象层之间的线及其它不需要的干扰被反射进吸收光或传描光的材料56。将材料56固定到光波导52的面54上并且或是吸收撞在其上的光或是传递从光波导52中出来的光。图象(光射线)的余下部分反射到第二衍射透镜57所放置的面53,透镜5)与放置在面54上的另一衍射透镜58联合在一起完成图象的放大。所得到的图象被反射到光波导52的出口及最后的衍射光栅59,以便进行任何可能会需要的附加滤波及象差矫正。衍射光栅59限定了一个虚象孔,通过这个孔观察者观察由装置51所产生的实象的一个放大虚象。
特别参看图6,示出了波导虚象显示器60的另一个实施例,在这里将装置61固定到波导62的入口以对它产生一实象。通过放置在装置61及光波导62的入口之间的改向光学元件63,将从装置61的实象而来的光射线有角度地引向第一区域64上的预定区域,在这个区域中光射线一般沿由面64及65确定的一个光径反射向第二区域65。改向元件63可以使用使光改向的许多学光学装置的任何一种,包括但不限于衍射、折射、纤维透镜(fiberopfics)等等。第一成象镜(inagingmirror)66与光波导62在第一预定区整形成并提供放大。衍射光学元件67在第二预定区被固定在65上并对碰撞在其上的光射线提供象差矫正。第二成象镜68在第三预定区上与光波导62形成整体并提供任何所需附加放大。最后的衍射光学元件69沿光波导62在出口处放置并与元件67合作来完成象差矫正。元件69确定了观察孔,通过该孔观察者观看一个放大的并进行了象差矫正的虚象。
当然应理解到这里所披露的光波导62其它当波导是由光学质量(optical    quality)石英,光学质量合成树脂(colasties)或已知的为此目的可获得的材料的任何其它种类。此外,这里描述的各种透镜和衍射光栅是个别制造的并加在波导表面上或是与波导整体制造在一起成为一个单体,或它们中的一些较好地是二者的结合。例如,波导可以是通过用光质量合成树脂模注来形成的而各种衍射光学元件可以通过将原模(master)压印成一个聚合物软膜(soft    polymer    film)制成的,这个软膜然后被加到光波导的表面上。另一方面由光学质量石英构成的光波导的这个表面可以用已知的半导体技术来加工(浸蚀、沉积等)以提供所希望的衍射和/或反射特性。
特别参看图7,示出了波导虚象显示器70的另一个实施例,在这里将装置71固定到波导72的入口以便向其提供实象,从装置71的实象来的光射线有角度地被引向第一面73上的一个预光区域,在这个区域中光射线一般沿由面73和74所确定的光径被反射到第二面74上。三个衍射镜75、76及77分别在下接的三个预定区上被固定在面73和74上,反射光射线被引到这三个预定区上。衍射透镜75、76及77提供所需放大量以便所希望尺寸的虚象通过最后一个衍射元件78可以看到,衍射元件78限定了光波导72的出口。
特别参看图8,示出了波导虚象显示器80的另一个实施例,在这里将装置81固定到波导82的入口以便向其提供实象。波导82一般为平行四边形(侧视图)带有相对面83,84及85,86,它们相等且平行但与邻面并不垂直。而83确定了入口并将从装置81的实象来的光射线一般沿由所有四面所限定的光径引向邻面85上的预置区。三个衍射镜87、88及89在三个预置区上分别固定到相邻面85、84及86而且放大虚象在面86里的出口上是可见的。这个特殊实施例示出了一个显示器,在这个显示器中整体尺寸稍有减少且波导中的材料量被减少以便减少所使用的重量和材料。
参看图9,仍然示出了波导虚象显示器90的另一个实施例,在这里使用一般具有三角形侧视图(side    elevation)的光波导91。将用于提供实象的装置92固定以光波导91的第一面93且将沿光径直接前行的光射线放射到固定于第二面95上的衍射镜94。将光射线从镜94反射到装在第三面97上的衍射镜96上。镜96依次共射线反射通过最后衍射镜98,衍射镜98固定在光波导91的面93中的出口,在面93上镜98为显示器90限定了一个观察孔。在这个特殊实施例中,这些面相互有角度地放置以便对显示器90的入口和出口是垂直的。
图10A及10B示出了波导虎象显示器100的一个实施例,在这里显示器100是与眼镜框架105并为一体的。框105为显示器100提供了方便的头部装置以便可以不用完成观察。显示器100可以是上面讨论的各种实施例中的任何一个并且这个特别实施例是所选择的特征的结合以便提供最方便的形状。显示器100包括一光波导110,它具有特殊形成的四面111,112,113及114来引志光射线到预置区。装置115被固定到光波导110的面111上并如上所述通过一个一般与面111垂直的入口提供实象。光射线沿一光径行进到面112上的一个预定区,在这区域中衍射镜116放大图象并将光射线反射到面113上的一个预定区。将第二衍射镜117在这个预定区固定到面113上来提供图象的附加放大并将光射线引向面112里的出口。最后衍光学元件118在出口被固定到面112上并限定一个用于观察所得放大虚象的观察孔。将112及113设计成使光射线以衍射镜117的放射与面112垂直。如在这个工艺中已知的,入射到与该表面垂直的一个表面上的光射线提供了通过这个表面的最有效的传输,结果可以相信这个实施例的设计在结构上是最简洁的且在运行上是最有效的。
特别参看图11,示出了波地虚象显示器120的另一个实施例,在这里放置图象发生装置121以便用折射镜123在光波导122的入口上提供实象。这个入口被限定在光波导122的第一面124上且光射线通过镜123被引向光波导122的第二面125上的一个预定区域。在面125上的这个预定区域上放置衍射镜126且传光射线改向返回到面124的出口,这个出口是由衍射镜127限定的。通过衍射镜127从光波导122的出口发射的光射线由相对于衍射镜127固定放置的衍射镜128最后一次放大。应理解到,衍射及折射光学元件的各种组合既可以在光波导外部也可以在光波导内部使用来提供所需光能,象差矫正、放大,滤光等。
虽然已示出和解释了多种不同的实施例,但应理解到,任何一个单个实施例可以结合进所述特征的任何或所有部分。一般地说,每一个特殊实施例对所希望提供的无论什么应用应该是可以被修改的,而且应包括所需的任何特征。
因而,这里披露了新的并被大大改进了的波导虚象显示器,它可以使用非常小的LED系统或是其它实象装置。波导虚象显示器提供了预定量的放大作用而不降低眼睛的松驰度或降低透镜系统的工作距离。此外,作为波导虚象显示器的一部分而提供的电子装置允许产生鼓掌小的各种实象,观察者可以通过例如装在头部,不用手的显示器轻易地和舒适地观察这些非常小的实象。

Claims (10)

1、具有观察孔的波导虚象显示器(15),这个显示器的特征在于:
提供实象的图象发生装置(22);
光波导(20),它带有与装置(22)邻接设置的入口用来接收由装置(22)提供的实象及与入口相隔开并限定观察孔(28)的出口,该光波导(20)确定了从该入口到出口贯通的光经并被构造成从该入口到出口传递一个图象;而且
在沿光径中预定区域上的光波导(20)放置的光学装置(23,25,26,27,28),它们用于放大提供在入口的实象并在出口提供一放大虚象。
2、如权利要求1所要求的波导虚象显示器,其进一步的特征在于光波导(20)是由光学质量合成树脂构成的。
3、如权利要求2的波导虚象显示器,其进一步的特征在于,光学装置包括与光波导(20)整体形成作为光波导(20)一面的一个部分的透镜(23,25)。
4、如权利要求2所要求的波导虚象显示器,其进一步的特征在于这些光学装置包括一衍射光学元件(28),该元件(28)由放在光波导(20)的一个表面上的光聚合物软膜片(soft  photo-poly-mer  film)构成。
5、如权利要求1所要求的波导虚象显示器,其进一步特征在于光波导(20)由光学质量石英玻璃构成。
6、如权利要求1所要求的波导虚象显示器,其进一步特征在于光学装置包括一衍射光学元件(28)。
7、如权利要求6所要求的波导虚象显示器,其进一步特征在于衍射光学元件包括衍射透镜(25)。
8、如权利要求1所要求的波导虚象显示器,其进一步的特征在于提供实象的装置(22)形成在一半导体基片(35)中。
9、如权利要求1所要求的波导虚象显示器,其进一步的特征在于提供实象的装置(22)包括一发光二极管系统(30)。
10、如权利要求9所要求的波导虚象显示器,其进一步的特征在于形成图象的电子设备(32)与提供实象的装置相连,这个装置产生与从电子设备接的信号相一致的实象。
CN92109019A 1991-09-30 1992-08-06 波导虚象显示器 Expired - Fee Related CN1030154C (zh)

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ES2084231T3 (es) 1996-05-01

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