CN103003059A - 用于制造由复合材料制成的产品的方法、模具、设备和成套工具,以及采用该方法和/或采用这些装置制造的产品 - Google Patents
用于制造由复合材料制成的产品的方法、模具、设备和成套工具,以及采用该方法和/或采用这些装置制造的产品 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
用于制造由复合材料制成的产品(26)的方法,其特征在于,它包括以下操作步骤:将设置有螺纹孔(2)的插入件(1)拧在以可移除方式部分插入模具(23)中的至少一个销轴(8)的外螺纹(10)上;将设置有至少一个其中设置有插入件(1)的开口的一层或多层纤维层(25)设置在模具(23)上;用设置在模具(23)上的层(25)固化树脂,以便获得由整合插入件(1)和层(25)的复合材料制成的产品(26);旋转插入件(1)中的销轴(8)用于从模具(23)移除销轴(8)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于制造由复合材料制成的产品的方法。本发明还涉及可以使用用于进行所述方法的模具、多个设备和成套工具,以及采用该方法和/或采用这些装置制造的产品。
背景技术
由复合材料制成的已知产品整合螺纹插入件用于紧固组件和/或结构。这些插入件可以以未加工的状态插入纤维层之间,并在树脂固化后用制造孔洞和螺纹的数控机处理。该工作所需要的精确度是极为重要的,因为在最终产物中必须确保螺纹孔的精确位置。然而,进行该工作是昂贵的、耗时长的和困难的。
为了克服此问题,WO2006/063185披露了插入件,其已经是螺纹的并滑到牢固地固定至模具的光滑销轴上,在这之后纤维片或粉设置并固化在模具上,以便整合螺纹插入件。然而,这种已知的方法不确保在最终产物中的精确设置,且另外仅仅具有设置在完全平行于产品从模具的提取轴的轴上的孔的插入件可以整合,否则该提取将是不可能的。
WO2006/063185的插入件的一端包括与螺纹孔同轴的非螺纹的圆柱形腔体,而相对端包括周边外脊,用于当螺钉通过设置有圆柱形腔体的端部拧入插入件的螺纹孔时防止插入件插入最终产品。然而,例如,如果在螺钉拧入过程中施加过度的压力,只有插入件的外表面和最终产品之间的接触防止插入件在相反的方向上脱落。
FR2664529披露了另一种具有周边脊的螺纹的插入件,该插入件滑到光滑销轴上,销轴设置有拧入模具的螺纹孔的螺纹端,而该销轴的另一端设置有用于保持插入件在销轴上的垫圈。这种已知的销轴在方法结束时可以从模具上拧下,然而,它具有WO2006/063185的上述不便,特别是插入件相对模具的不精确的轴向和/或径向设置。
如果所述的已知的插入件采用在方法中,其中纤维分组并设置在模具上的叠层中,因此不是在如WO2006/063185中的片材或粉末中或在如FR2664529中的滚筒中,所述技术问题将是特别重要的。
发明内容
因此,提供一种不具有所述缺点的方法,这是本发明的一个目的。所述目的用方法、模具、多个设备和成套工具实现,其主要特征分别披露在权利要求19、18、1、7、9、11和12中,而其它特征披露在其余权利要求中。
由于以可移除方式插入在模具中的特别地部分螺纹的销轴,根据本发明的方法不仅允许将已经螺纹的插入件设置在模具上极其精确的位置上,因为销轴插入模具上可以用数控机容易制造的孔中,而且还允许沿不平行提取轴的轴导向这些插入件,因为在产品从模具提取之前,销轴可以很容易地移除。销轴可以进一步容易地重新插入到模具中,用于制造新的产品。
根据本发明的方法还允许在插入件和模具之间设置一些纤维层,而不丧失插入件的精确位置,以获得插入件和最终产品之间的更好的结合。
插入件设置有允许与纤维层精确连接的特别地周边脊和/或设置有用于用特别地互补的塞子密闭螺纹孔的圆柱形腔体,从而最终产品可以反过来使用作为用于其它产品的模具,在这种情况下,带有销轴的模具称为主设备。
插入件可以进一步设置有特别地衬套,其插入螺纹孔,且一旦通过使用磨损后进行替换,以便保护插入件的螺纹,并延长设置有这些插入件的产品的寿命。为了这个目的,通过特别地可移除的限位装置,衬套优选保持在插入件中。
设置有相反的螺纹的特别地提取器允许销轴以简单和快速的方式进行机械连接和随后移除,因为只需要提取器在同一只手中的旋转。
通过适应其它方法包括已知方法先前采用的模具或主设备,一套成套工具,包括一个或多个销轴、插入件和/或塞子、以及优选地提取器,用于制造由复合材料制成的产品是特别有用的。
附图说明
从下面的其具体实施例的详细的和非限制性的描述并参考附图,根据本发明的方法、模具、设备和成套工具的进一步的优点和特征对于本领域技术人员将变得清楚,其中:
图1显示插入件的纵剖面。
图2显示图1的插入件的立体图。
图3显示销轴的纵剖面;
图4显示图3的销轴的立体图。;
图5显示提取器的纵剖面。
图6显示图5的提取器的立体图。
图7显示塞子的纵剖面。
图8显示图7的塞子的立体图。以及
图9至图15显示在方法的操作步骤中成套工具、模具和产品的纵剖面。
具体实施方式
参见图1和图2,可以看出,用于复合材料的插入件1以已知的方式包括设置有内螺纹3的通孔2,其中通孔2的直径大于或至少等于,特别是等于内螺纹3的第一直径d1。插入件1具有基本圆柱形状,其中它的外壁具有第二直径d2和至少一个周边脊4、5、6。插入件1的外壁优选特别地采用喷砂方法处理,用于去除污染物,如果有的话,然后清洗。第一周边脊4具有多边形的特别是六边形的外轮廓并设置在插入件1的第一端部1a周围,特别是当插入件1插入由复合材料制成的产品中时从外侧可接触的端部周围。第二周边脊5设置在插入件1的与第一端部1a相对的第二端部lb周围并具有圆柱形外轮廓,其具有小于第一周边脊4的直径,即第二周边脊5的外轮廓包含在第一周边脊4的外轮廓中,如清楚显示在图1和图2中。第三周边脊6与第二周边脊5基本相同,并设置在插入件1的两个端部1a、1b之间,即在第一周边脊4和第二周边脊5之间。通孔2的一端形成圆柱形的非螺纹的腔体7,其与通孔2同轴并具有大于或等于通孔2的内螺纹3的第一直径d1且小于插入件1的第二直径d2的第三直径d3。圆柱形的腔体7反过来形成插入件1的第二端部1b,即与第一周边脊4相对的端部。
参见图3和图4,可以看出,根据本发明的销轴8包括钝的,特别是圆形的尖端9和具有插入件1的内螺纹3的基本相同的直径dl。外螺纹10只覆盖销轴8的一部分,而其它部分8a是没有螺纹的,并具有小于内螺纹10的直径d1的第四直径d4。销轴8的与非螺纹的部分8a相对的端部设置有用于销轴8绕其纵轴旋转的第一连接件11。在本具体实施例中,第一连接件11优选地是设置有具有第五直径d5并与外螺纹10反向形成的内螺纹12的同轴孔,但是在其它具体实施例中,第一连接件11可以包括例如具有方形、八角形或十字形截面的棱柱形同轴座或头部。
参见图5和图6,可以看出,根据本发明的提取器13包括螺纹杆,一端设置有与销轴8的第一连接件11互补的第二连接件14,特别是具有相同方向和基本上等于销轴8的内螺纹12的第五直径d5的直径的外螺纹。提取器13的另一端包括旋转装置15,例如用于允许提取器13绕其纵轴手动旋转的圆柱形滚花头。旋转装置15还可以是机械的和/或电力的,例如,包括用于与钻头或电动螺丝刀的互补点连接的成形头。
参见图7和图8,可以看出,根据本发明的塞子17包括具有基本上等于插入件1的圆柱形腔体7的第三直径d3的直径的圆柱体。至少一个环形垫圈18设置于形成在圆柱体的外壁中的周边槽中,圆柱体连接至同轴的螺纹杆19,具有基本上等于插入件1的内螺纹3的第一直径d1的直径,即小于或等于圆柱体的直径d3的直径,以便塞子17可以拧入插入件1中,圆柱体设置在插入件1的圆柱形腔体7中。塞子17还包括在与螺纹杆19相对的端部的头部20,头部20具有成形部分21,例如多边形特别是六边形轮廓的棱柱形座,以便螺纹杆19可以通过例如采用工具操作成形部分21进行旋转,直到头部20接触抵靠插入件1的第二端部1b。成形部分21也可以包括如提取器13的旋转装置15的圆柱形滚花头。
参见图9,可以看出,在根据本发明的方法的第一操作步骤中,销轴8用分离物质覆盖并插入在模具23上形成的孔22中。孔22具有销轴8的非螺纹部分8a的基本相同的直径d4,从而销轴8的外螺纹10从模具23突出。
参见图10,可以看出,在第二操作步骤中,一层或多层第一纤维层24,特别是碳纤维层,设置到模具23上。第一层24设置有至少一个具有基本上等于销轴8的外螺纹10的直径d1的直径的孔,以便后者可以设置在该孔中。
参见图11,可以看出,在第三操作步骤中,插入件1拧到销轴8的外螺纹10上,直到第一周边脊4不接触第一层24。在一个可选择的具体实施例中,插入件1拧到销轴8上而不设置第一层24在模具23上,以便插入件1接触模具23.。插入件1可以通过连接第一周边脊4的多边形表面的工具进行旋转。
参见图12,可以看出,在第四操作步骤中,一层或多层第二纤维层25,特别是碳纤维层,相互叠加设置在第一层24上,或者,如果后者不存在,直接设置在模具23上。第二层25设置有至少一个具有基本上等于插入件1的第二直径d2的直径的开口,以便后者设置在该开口中。一些第二层25可以设置更大的开口用于适应第一周边脊4的外轮廓。第二层25相互叠加设置直到它们到达第三周边脊6。在它们沉积期间,稍微用力挤压层24、25在插入件1上,用于克服周边脊4,5和/或6。
参见图13,可以看出,在第五操作步骤中,模具23闭合时,层24和25用树脂浸渍,然后树脂固化,从而形成由复合材料制成的产品26,其中整合插入件1和层24、25,之后,打开模具23。然后通过旋转提取器13,销轴8从插入件1中拧出并从模具23的孔22中移除。在这个移除过程中,提取器13的第二连接件14机械连接销轴8的第一连接件11。销轴8优选也从插入件1移除。层24、25可以是干的,即具有低于10%的树脂含量,或用树脂预浸渍,在这种情况下,没有树脂注入到模具23中用于制造产品26。
参见图14,可以看到,在从模具23提取产品26之前,插入件1可以通过采用工具28将塞子17拧入与形成在部件26中的对应插入件1的通孔2的孔27相对的第二端部1b中密闭。
参见图15,可以看出,衬套29拧入插入件1的通孔2中。为了这个目的,衬套29设置有具有基本上等于插入件1的内螺纹3的第一直径d1的直径的外螺纹。衬套29包括设置有具有小于第一直径d1的第六直径d6的内螺纹的通孔30。通孔30的一端设置有多边形特别是六边形座31,用于便于衬套29拧入插入件1中。可移除的限位装置设置在通孔2中,用于保持衬套29在插入件1中。特别地,所述的可移除的限位装置包括防止衬套29通过插入件1的第二端部1b穿出的塞子17,以及用于防止衬套29通过插入件1的第一端部1a出来的以可移除方式卡接在可以在通孔2中形成的环形座中的保持环32。衬套29还可以在拧入塞子17之前拧入插入件1的通孔2中,在这种情况下,衬套29也可以通过插入件1的第二端部1b插入。
可以由本领域技术人员对在这里上面披露并图示的具体实施例进行可能的修改和/或补充,而保留在下面的权利要求的范围内。
Claims (27)
1.用于由复合材料制成的产品(26)的插入件(1),其包括设置有内螺纹(3)的通孔(2),其中,通孔(2)的直径大于或至少等于内螺纹(3)的直径(d1),其中通孔(2)的一端形成非螺纹的圆柱形腔体(7),其与通孔(2)同轴并具有大于或等于通孔(2)的内螺纹(3)的直径(d1)的直径(d3),其中圆柱形腔体(7)反过来形成插入件(1)的一端(1b),插入件(1)的外壁具有至少一个第一周边脊(4),其特征在于:至少一个另外的周边脊(5,6)设置在插入件(1)的两个端部(1a,1b)之间和/或插入件(1)的带有圆柱形腔体(7)的端部(1b)周围。
2.根据前述权利要求所述的插入件,其特征在于,第一周边脊(4)设置在插入件(1)的与带有圆柱形腔体(7)的端部(1b)相对的端部(1a)周围。
3.根据前述权利要求任一所述的插入件,其特征在于,所述的另外的周边脊(5)具有小于第一周边脊(4)的直径。
4.根据前述权利要求任一所述的插入件,其特征在于,可移除的限位装置(17,32)设置在通孔(2)中。
5.根据前述权利要求所述的插入件,其特征在于,所述的可移除的限位装置(17,32)包括插入形成在通孔(2)中的环形座中的保持环(32)。
6.根据前述权利要求任一所述的插入件,其特征在于,包括外螺纹和设置有内螺纹的通孔(30)的衬套(29)拧入插入件(1)的通孔(2)的内螺纹(3)中。
7.销轴(8),包括适于插入模具(23)的孔(22)中的非螺纹部分(8a),其特征在于,还包括具有外螺纹(10)的一个部分,销轴(8)的与非螺纹部分(8a)相对的端部设置有用于销轴(8)绕其纵轴旋转的连接件(11),其中非螺纹部分(8a)的直径(d4)小于外螺纹(10)的直径(dl)。
8.根据前述权利要求所述的销轴,其特征在于,连接件(11)是设置有与外螺纹(10)反向形成的内螺纹(12)的同轴孔。
9.用于根据权利要求7或8所述的销轴(8)的提取器(13),其特征在于它包括杆,一端设置有与销轴(8)的连接件(11)互补的连接件(14),另一端包括用于提取器(13)绕其纵轴旋转的旋转装置(15)。
10.根据前述权利要求所述的提取器,其特征在于,它的连接件(14)包括具有相同方向和基本上等于销轴(8)的内螺纹(12)的直径(d5)的直径的外螺纹。
11.用于使用于复合材料的插入件(1)的塞子(17),其特征在于,包括圆柱体,圆柱体具有设置在形成在圆柱体的外壁中的周边槽中的至少一个环形垫圈(18),并具有连接至具有小于或等于圆柱体的直径(d3)的直径(d1)的同轴的螺纹杆(19)的一端,而另一端包括设置有用于旋转螺纹杆(19)的成形部分(21)的头部(20)。
12.用于复合材料的成套工具,其特征在于,包括至少一个包含设置有内螺纹(3)的通孔(2)的插入件(1)和至少一个根据权利要求7或8所述的销轴(8),其中,所述销轴(8)可以拧入插入件(1)的内螺纹(3)。
13.根据前述权利要求所述的成套工具,其特征在于,插入件(1)是根据权利要求1-6任一所述的插入件。
14.根据权利要求12或13所述的成套工具,其特征在于,还包括根据权利要求9或10所述的提取器(13)。
15.根据权利要求12-14任一所述的成套工具,其特征在于,还包括根据权利要求11所述的塞子(17),其中塞子(17)可以拧入插入件(1)的内螺纹(3)。
16.由复合材料制成的产品(26),其特征在于,整合至少一个根据权利要求1-6任一所述的插入件(1)。
17.根据前述权利要求所述的产品,其特征在于,插入件(1)由根据权利要求11所述的塞子(17)密闭。
18.用于复合材料的模具(23),其特征在于,包括至少一个根据权利要求7或8所述的销轴(8),所述销轴(8)以可移除方式部分插入形成在模具(23)中的孔(22)中。
19.用于制造由复合材料制成的产品(26)的方法,其特征在于,它包括以下操作步骤:
将设置有螺纹孔(2)的插入件(1)拧在以可移除方式部分插入模具(23)中的至少一个销轴(8)的外螺纹(10)上;
将设置有至少一个其中设置有插入件(1)的开口的一层或多层纤维层(25)设置在模具(23)上;
用设置在模具(23)上的层(25)固化树脂,以便获得由整合插入件(1)和层(25)的复合材料制成的产品(26);
旋转插入件(1)中的销轴(8)用于从模具(23)移除销轴(8)。
20.根据前述权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,销轴(8)在其旋转期间也从插入件(1)移除。
21.根据权利要求19或20所述的方法,其特征在于,在将插入件(1)拧在销轴(8)之前,设置有至少一个其中设置销轴(8)的孔的一层或多层纤维层(24)设置在模具(23)上。
22.根据权利要求19-21任一所述的方法,其特征在于,插入件(1)是根据权利要求1-6任一所述的插入件,和/或销轴(8)是根据权利要求7或8所述的销轴。
23.根据权利要求20-22任一所述的方法,其特征在于,在销轴(8)从插入件(1)移除后,插入件(1)由塞子(17)密闭。
24.根据前述权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,塞子(17)是根据权利要求11所述的塞子。
25.根据权利要求20-24任一所述的方法,其特征在于,在销轴(8)从插入件(1)移除后,包括外螺纹和设置有内螺纹的通孔(30)的衬套(29)拧入插入件(1)的螺纹孔(2)中。
26.根据前述权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,可移除的限位装置(17,32)设置在通孔(2)中用于保持衬套(29)在插入件(1)中。
27.根据前述权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的可移除的限位装置(17,32)包括插入形成在通孔(2)中的环形座中的保持环(32)。
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CN105592998A (zh) * | 2013-10-03 | 2016-05-18 | 法雷奥热系统公司 | 用于包覆模制复合嵌入件的模具和对应的包覆模制方法 |
CN106738936A (zh) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-31 | 江西洪都航空工业集团有限责任公司 | 一种热塑性复合材料成型方法 |
CN109624217A (zh) * | 2017-10-09 | 2019-04-16 | 弗吉亚内饰工业 | 可调式销型注塑工具及相关方法 |
CN109624217B (zh) * | 2017-10-09 | 2022-05-24 | 弗吉亚内饰工业 | 可调式销型注塑工具及相关方法 |
CN112703089A (zh) * | 2018-10-04 | 2021-04-23 | 喜利得股份公司 | 便携动力工具的偏心驱动件 |
CN112703089B (zh) * | 2018-10-04 | 2024-05-03 | 喜利得股份公司 | 用于手持式工具机的偏心驱动件和手持式工具机 |
CN109822788A (zh) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-05-31 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | 一种复合材料机翼定位结构装脱模一体化工装及其使用方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2015107663A (ja) | 2015-06-11 |
EP2574450A3 (en) | 2013-05-29 |
EP2574450B1 (en) | 2020-08-26 |
IT1401106B1 (it) | 2013-07-12 |
RU2561375C2 (ru) | 2015-08-27 |
US9061446B2 (en) | 2015-06-23 |
CN103003059B (zh) | 2018-01-30 |
US20150267733A1 (en) | 2015-09-24 |
ITMI20101220A1 (it) | 2012-01-03 |
JP2013533816A (ja) | 2013-08-29 |
ES2543175T3 (es) | 2015-08-17 |
JP5749338B2 (ja) | 2015-07-15 |
WO2012001660A2 (en) | 2012-01-05 |
EP2574450A2 (en) | 2013-04-03 |
EP2571673A2 (en) | 2013-03-27 |
RU2013104470A (ru) | 2014-08-10 |
WO2012001660A3 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
ES2826998T3 (es) | 2021-05-19 |
JP6013536B2 (ja) | 2016-10-25 |
EP2571673B1 (en) | 2015-04-29 |
US20130216764A1 (en) | 2013-08-22 |
US9879710B2 (en) | 2018-01-30 |
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