CN102987070B - Ecological and environment-friendly type mixed feed for pike and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ecological and environment-friendly type mixed feed for pike and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological and environment-friendly type mixed feed for a pike and a preparation method of the ecological and environment-friendly type mixed feed. The mixed feed is prepared from the following raw materials: puffed soybean meal, puffed soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, steamed fish meal, chicken meal, peanut meal, cottonseed meal, double-low rapeseed meal, corn germ meal, rice bran, flour, soybean oil, soya bean lecithin, deep sea fish oil, zeolite powder, monocalcium phosphate, choline chloride, L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate, table salt, complex vitamin, complex trace element, glycine betaine, bacillus subtilis, yeast cell wall polysaccharide, high-temperature resistant phytase, allicin and citric acid. The feed can meet all demands of the pike to nutrition, is high in feed conversion rate, has the food coefficient ranging from 1.5 to 1.9, improves the water environment, reduces 30 to 50% of emitted ammonia nitrogen in the water mass, remarkably improves the immunity of the pike, brings high activity to the pike, increases 5 to 10% of the survival rate, and obviously increases the economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquatic feeds, be specifically related to a kind of ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Mullet, i.e. Mullet fish, belongs to the Mugilidae of Mugiliformes, the feeding habits of mullet are very wide, belong to take plant feed as main ominivore-fish, be deposited on the benthic diatom on bed mud surface and organic debris as main to scrape food, also eat some thread algae, general sufficient class, Polychaeta, software class and small-sized shrimps etc.Ingest as rice bran, beancake powder, groundnut meal, solid carbon dioxide flea and artifical compound feed etc. propagating under condition also happiness artificially.Mullet has abundant nutrition, Fresh & Tender in Texture, tasty, and protein content is very high, is the delicacies in feast.
Existing mullet feed, simply combines with single raw material or several raw material, and nutrition is comprehensive not, and efficiency of feed utilization is low, to severe water pollution, can not meet the nutritional need of mullet growth, and economic benefit is low, has wretched insufficiency.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed, overcomes the incomplete problem of existing mullet feed nutrition, and solves the pollution problem to water environment.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed, component by following weight portion is formulated, swelling soya dreg 160-200 part, soy bean powder 38-42 part, fermented bean dregs 29-31 part, steam fish meal 49-51 part, chicken meal 19-21 part, peanut meal 27-29 part, Cottonseed Meal 128-132 part, double lower rapeseed dreg 202-218 part, corn germ cake 64-66 part, rice bran 79-81 part, flour 89-91 part, soya-bean oil 14-16 part, 8 parts of soybean lecithins, 5 parts of deep sea fish oils, 20 parts of zeolite powders, 15 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphates, 2 parts of the Choline Chlorides of mass concentration 60%, L-AA-2-phosphoesterase 30 of mass concentration 35%. 4 parts, 2 parts of salt, 1 part of B B-complex for fish, 3 parts of composite trace elements for fish, 2 parts of the betaines of mass concentration 30%, 10000000000/gram 0. 15 parts of bacillus subtilises, 1 part of yeast cell wall polysaccharide, 0.15 part of the high temperature resistant phytase of 5000 U/g, 0.3 part of the allicin of mass concentration 25%, 2 parts of citric acids.
The further improvement project of the present invention is, every 100 grams of the ammonia absorption value of described zeolite powder is greater than 0.16 mole, and the fineness of zeolite powder is greater than 100 orders.
The present invention further improvement project is that described fish contains vitamin A 8,000 ten thousand IU, neo dohyfral D3 1,500 ten thousand IU, vitamin E 80g, prokeyvit with every kilogram of B B-complex
?9.5g, pangamic acid .5g, vitamin B2
?12.5g, vitamin B6 10g, cobalamin 2g, nicotinic acid 42g, pantothenic acid 28g, folic acid 1.5g, inositol 80g.
The present invention more further improvement project be, every kilogram of iron content 50g of composite trace element, copper 1g, zinc 40g, manganese 10g, iodine 0.4g, selenium 0.08g, cobalt 0.2 g, magnesium 80g for described fish.
The present invention more further improvement project be, described yeast cell wall polysaccharide is greater than 20% containing mannosan, containing β-1,3/1,6-glucan is greater than 20%.
The preparation method of ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed, is characterized in that: comprises the following steps, and by parts by weight of component claimed in claim 1,
(1) by calcium dihydrogen phosphate, Choline Chloride, L-AA-2-phosphate, salt, B B-complex for fish, for fish, composite trace element, betaine, bacillus subtilis, yeast cell wall polysaccharide, high temperature resistant phytase, allicin, citric acid are pre-blended into additive semi-finished product for standby;
(2) swelling soya dreg, soy bean powder, fermented bean dregs, steam fish meal, chicken meal, peanut meal, Cottonseed Meal, double lower rapeseed dreg, corn germ cake, rice bran are pulverized; then the additive semi-finished product that add step (1) to obtain; finally add again flour flour, soya-bean oil, soybean lecithin, deep sea fish oil, zeolite powder; mix, modified slaking, granulation, cooling; use again crushed machine fragmentation; sieve with classifying screen; upper sieve is that 10 orders, lower screen are 12 orders, gets the particulate feed between two layer screen.
The further improvement project of the present invention is that in step (2), pulverizing sieve aperture used is 0.1-1.0mm.
The present invention further improvement project is, the incorporation time in step (2) is about 160 seconds, and the mixture homogeneity coefficient of variation is less than 7%.
The present invention further improvement project is, the modified curing time in step (2) is about 60 seconds, and the temperature after modified is 90-95 ℃.
The present invention further improvement project is that in step (2), the difference of cooling later material temperature and room temperature is not higher than 5 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: this Feed Energy meets whole nutritional needs of mullet, feed conversion rate is high, feed coefficient is between 1.5-1.9, can improve water environment, reduce the ammonia nitrogen discharge 30-50% in water body, use this feed can obviously improve the body immunity of mullet, fish vitality of subject is good, survival rate improves 5-10%, and economic benefit obviously improves.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but the present invention is not limited to given example.
Embodiment 1: get 160 parts of swelling soya dregs, 42 parts of soy bean powders, 31 parts of fermented bean dregs, 51 parts of steam fish meal, 21 parts of chicken meals, 29 parts of peanut meals, 132 parts of Cottonseed Meals, 218 parts of double lower rapeseed dregs, 66 parts of corn germ cakes, 81 parts, rice bran, 91 parts, flour, 16 parts, soya-bean oil, 8 parts of soybean lecithins, 5 parts of deep sea fish oils, 20 parts of zeolite powders, 15 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphates, 2 parts of mass concentration 60% Choline Chlorides, L-AA-2-phosphoesterase 30 of mass concentration 35%. 4 parts, 2 parts of salt, 0.1% 1 part of B B-complex for the fish of adding, 3 parts of composite trace elements for fish, 2 parts of the betaines of mass concentration 30%, 10000000000/gram 0. 15 parts of bacillus subtilises, 1 part of yeast cell wall polysaccharide, 0.15 part of the high temperature resistant phytase of 5000 U/g, 0.3 part of the allicin of mass concentration 25%, 2 parts of citric acids, every 100 grams 0.17 mole of the ammonia absorption value of zeolite powder, fineness 110 orders of zeolite powder, with fodder production line pulverize, mixing, modified slaking, granulation, sieve with crushed machine fragmentation, upper sieve 10 orders, lower screen 12 orders, get the particulate feed of part between two layer screen again.
In embodiment 1 mixed feed: gross protein value 33.47%, coarse ash content 10.06%, crude fat content 6.48%, crude fiber content 6.35%, calcium content 0.91%, total phosphorus content 1.27%, salt content 0.43%, lysine content 1.78%.
Embodiment 2: get 180 parts of swelling soya dregs, 40 parts of soy bean powders, 30 parts of fermented bean dregs, 50 parts of steam fish meal, 20 parts of chicken meals, 28 parts of peanut meals, 130 parts of Cottonseed Meals, 210 parts of double lower rapeseed dregs, 65 parts of corn germ cakes, 80 parts, rice bran, 90 parts, flour, 15 parts, soya-bean oil, 8 parts of soybean lecithins, 5 parts of deep sea fish oils, 20 parts of zeolite powders, 15 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphates, 2.0 parts of mass concentration 60% Choline Chlorides, L-AA-2-phosphoesterase 30 of mass concentration 35%. 4 parts, 2 parts of salt, 1 part of B B-complex for fish, 3 parts of composite trace elements for fish, 2 parts of the betaines of mass concentration 30%, 10000000000/gram 0. 15 parts of bacillus subtilises, 1 part of yeast cell wall polysaccharide, 0.15 part of the high temperature resistant phytase of 5000 U/g, 0.3 part of the allicin of mass concentration 25%, 2 parts of citric acids, wherein, every 100 grams 0.2 mole of the ammonia absorption value of zeolite powder, fineness 140 orders of zeolite powder, with fodder production line pulverize, modified slaking, granulation, sieve with crushed machine fragmentation, upper sieve 10 orders, lower screen 12 orders, get the particulate feed of part between two layer screen again.
In embodiment 2 mixed feeds: gross protein value 33.68%, coarse ash content 10.01%, crude fat content 6.32%, crude fiber content 6.28%, calcium content 0.90%, total phosphorus content 1.26%, salt content 0.43%, lysine content 1.80%.
Embodiment 3: get 200 parts of swelling soya dregs, 38 parts of soy bean powders, 29 parts of fermented bean dregs, 49 parts of steam fish meal, 19 parts of chicken meals, 27 parts of peanut meals, 128 parts of Cottonseed Meals, 202 parts of double lower rapeseed dregs, 64 parts of corn germ cakes, 79 parts, rice bran, 89 parts, flour, 14 parts, soya-bean oil, 8 parts of soybean lecithins, 5 parts of deep sea fish oils, 20 parts of zeolite powders, 15 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphates, 2 parts of mass concentration 60% Choline Chlorides, L-AA-2-phosphoesterase 30 of mass concentration 35%. 4 parts, 2 parts of salt, 1 part of B B-complex for fish, 3 parts of composite trace elements for fish, 2 parts of the betaines of mass concentration 30%, 10000000000/gram 0. 15 parts of bacillus subtilises, 1 part of yeast cell wall polysaccharide, 0.15 part of the high temperature resistant phytase of 5000 U/g, 0.3 part of the allicin of mass concentration 25%, 2 parts of citric acids, every 100 grams 0.18 mole of the ammonia absorption value of zeolite powder, fineness 120 orders of zeolite powder, with fodder production line pulverize, mixing, modified slaking, granulation, sieve with crushed machine fragmentation, upper sieve 10 orders, lower screen 12 orders, get the particulate feed of part between two layer screen again.
In embodiment 3 mixed feeds: gross protein value 33.89%, coarse ash content 9.97%, crude fat content 6.17%, crude fiber content 6.22%, calcium content 0.90%, total phosphorus content 1.25%, salt content 0.42%, lysine content 1.81%.
For the result of use of checking the present invention to mullet, applicant has carried out ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed culture experiment in certain culture experiment field;
Table 1 is common mullet feed and the impact of ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed on ammonia nitrogen in water body.
| Fish pond numbering | 10 days ammonia nitrogen concentrations | 20 days ammonia nitrogen concentrations | 30 days ammonia nitrogen concentrations | 40 days ammonia nitrogen concentrations | 50 days ammonia nitrogen concentrations |
| Ⅰ | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.30 | 0.32 |
| Ⅱ | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.30 |
| Ⅲ | 0.25 | 0.22 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.17 |
| Ⅳ | 0.29 | 0.24 | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.16 |
I, II are control group, select common mullet feed, and two groups of III, IV are test group, select a kind of ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed of the present invention.As seen from Table 1, III, IV group ammonia-nitrogen content are starkly lower than control group, and along with the prolongation of service time is on a declining curve; Analyzing reason is mainly in feed of the present invention, to have used bacillus subtilis, zeolite powder, and wherein bacillus subtilis can be decomposed residual bait in water body, ight soil, dead algae etc., safeguards water quality, reduces disease; The duct of zeolite powder is of a size of 4.2 nanometers, hole and duct account for the 40-50% of cumulative volume, form very large internal surface area, the internal surface area of every gram of this zeolite reaches more than 1000 square metre, adsorbable and store a large amount of lewis' acids, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide isopolarity molecule in can adsorbed water body, improve water body environment greatly.
Below the impact of ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed on mullet growth performance: by mullet culture experiment, research and observe feed of the present invention to the ingesting and the impact of growth result of mullet, verifies the result of use of this invention.
1.1 experimental animals and grouping: experimental animal is 20 grams/fish of mullet fingerlings, derive from Lianyun Harbour one fish seeding ground, supports 2 weeks temporarily; Before test, select the mullet of physique stalwartness, neat specification, divide at random 4 groups, be respectively control group, 1 group of experiment, 2 groups of experiments, 3 groups of experiments, establish 3 repetitions for every group, totally 12 breeding barrels (breeding barrel specification is diameter 70cm, and height is 100cm), each breeding barrel 20 tail mullets.
1.2 test daily rations: test daily ration is the feed of embodiment 1-3.
1.3 feedings and managements: test site is plant of company indoor laboratory, test adopts microcirculation to change water, clearance-type oxygenation; Water temperature is controlled at 22～25 ℃; Every day, daily ration of feeding was 2.5～4% of fish body weight 9:00,13:00 and 18:00 bait throwing in 3 times; The formal test phase is on June 21,21 days to 2012 April in 2012, totally 60 days.
1.4 sample collections and analysis:
Rate of body weight gain (%)=(finishing counterpoise-initial counterpoise)/initial counterpoise × 100
Specific growth rate (%/d)=(finish counterpoise-initial counterpoise) ∕ and raise number of days * 100
Feed coefficient=Zong Chong Liang ∕ fish body total augment weight feeds intake
1.5 data processings: use EXCEL record data, SPSS17.0 carries out data statistic analysis, significance test adopts One-Way ANOVA method, carries out multiple ratio by Duncan method, and data are expressed as mean value plus-minus standard error (Means ± SEM).
Ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed on the impact of mullet rate of body weight gain and feed coefficient from table 2, the rate of body weight gain of experimental group and control group significant difference (P<0.05); The 3rd group of rate of body weight gain maximum, with other each group significant differences (P<0.05); For specific growth rate, the 1st group, the 2nd group, the 3rd group and control group significant difference (P<0.05), the 3rd group of grass carp specific growth rate is the highest, with other each group significant differences; Can find out from rate of body weight gain and specific growth rate, ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed can promote the growth of mullet.
the impact of table 2 mixed feed on mullet rate of body weight gain and feed coefficient
| Process | Control group | Test 1 group | Test 2 groups | Test 3 groups |
| Just counterpoise (g) | 12.05±0.34 | 11.89±0.92 | 13.45±1.05 | 12.97±0.91 |
| Finish counterpoise (g) | 25.69±3.67 | 26.64±3.28 | 30.91±2.41 | 30.54±2.88 |
| Rate of body weight gain (%) | 113.23±0.96 a | 124.02±2.50 b | 129.79±1.40 c | 135.47±1.25 d |
| Specific growth rate (%) | 1.26±0.02 a | 1.34±0.00 b | 1.38±0.01 c | 1.43±0.01 d |
Ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed on the impact of mullet feed coefficient as can be seen from Table 3, the 1st group, the 2nd group, the 3rd group with control group significant difference different significantly (P<0.05); The 3rd group of feed coefficient is minimum, and control group feed coefficient is the highest; The 1st group, the 2nd group, the 3rd group not remarkable (P>0.05) of group difference.
table 3 is tested the impact of each group of feed coefficient
| Process | Control group | Test 1 group | Test 2 groups | Test 3 groups |
| Feed coefficient | 2.05±0.03 b | 1.81±0.06 a | 1．79±0.07 a | 1.72±0.05 a |
Can find out from table 2, table 3, it is obvious that ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed improves the production performance of mullet, analysis main cause is: this invention protein raw materials swelling soya dreg, soy bean powder, fermented bean dregs, inlet steam fish meal, chicken meal, peanut meal, Cottonseed Meal, double lower rapeseed dreg animal/vegetable protein collocation adequate nutrition balance, in fermented bean dregs, high molecular weight protein is degraded into small molecular protein, and contain little peptide components, be easy to digest and assimilate; Selected energy feedstuff soya-bean oil, soybean lecithin, the different grease combinations of deep sea fish oil, rationally, soybean lecithin has the effect of emulsified fat, has improved the utilization rate of energy for saturated fatty acid and the collocation of unsaturated not aliphatic acid; Selected additive raw material yeast cell wall polysaccharide, 25% allicin can increase the immunity of mullet, guarantee fish body health, prevent disease, thus improve the production performance of mullet.
Claims (10)
1. ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed, it is characterized in that: the component by following weight portion is formulated, swelling soya dreg 160-200 part, soy bean powder 38-42 part, fermented bean dregs 29-31 part, steam fish meal 49-51 part, chicken meal 19-21 part, peanut meal 27-29 part, Cottonseed Meal 128-132 part, double lower rapeseed dreg 202-218 part, corn germ cake 64-66 part, rice bran 79-81 part, flour 89-91 part, soya-bean oil 14-16 part, 8 parts of soybean lecithins, 5 parts of deep sea fish oils, 20 parts of zeolite powders, 15 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphates, 2 parts of the Choline Chlorides of mass concentration 60%, L-AA-2-phosphoesterase 30 of mass concentration 35%. 4 parts, 2 parts of salt, 1 part of B B-complex for fish, 3 parts of composite trace elements for fish, 2 parts of the betaines of mass concentration 30%, 10000000000/gram 0. 15 parts of bacillus subtilises, 1 part of yeast cell wall polysaccharide, 0.15 part of the high temperature resistant phytase of 5000 U/g, 0.3 part of the allicin of mass concentration 25%, 2 parts of citric acids.
2. ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the ammonia absorption value of described zeolite powder is every 100 grams and is greater than 0.16 mole, and the fineness of zeolite powder is greater than 100 orders.
3. ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed according to claim 1, is characterized in that: every kilogram of described fish B B-complex is containing vitamin A 8,000 ten thousand IU, neo dohyfral D3 1,500 ten thousand IU, vitamin E 80g, prokeyvit
?9.5g, pangamic acid .5g, vitamin B2
?12.5g, vitamin B6 10g, cobalamin 2g, nicotinic acid 42g, pantothenic acid 28g, folic acid 1.5g, inositol 80g.
4. ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed according to claim 1, is characterized in that: every kilogram of iron content 50g of described fish composite trace element, copper 1g, zinc 40g, manganese 10g, iodine 0.4g, selenium 0.08g, cobalt 0.2 g, magnesium 80g.
5. ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described yeast cell wall polysaccharide is greater than 20% containing mannosan, and containing β-1,3/1,6-glucan is greater than 20%.
6. the preparation method of ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed, is characterized in that comprising the following steps: by parts by weight of component claimed in claim 1,
(1) by calcium dihydrogen phosphate, Choline Chloride, L-AA-2-phosphate, salt, B B-complex for fish, for fish, composite trace element, betaine, bacillus subtilis, yeast cell wall polysaccharide, high temperature resistant phytase, allicin, citric acid are pre-blended into additive semi-finished product for standby;
(2) swelling soya dreg, soy bean powder, fermented bean dregs, steam fish meal, chicken meal, peanut meal, Cottonseed Meal, double lower rapeseed dreg, corn germ cake, rice bran are pulverized; then the additive semi-finished product that add step (1) to obtain; finally add again flour, soya-bean oil, soybean lecithin, deep sea fish oil, zeolite powder; mix, modified slaking, granulation, cooling; use again crushed machine fragmentation; sieve with classifying screen; upper sieve is that 10 orders, lower screen are 12 orders, gets the particulate feed between two layer screen.
7. the preparation method of ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed according to claim 6, is characterized in that: in step (2), pulverizing sieve aperture used is 0.1-1.0mm.
8. the preparation method of ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed according to claim 6, is characterized in that: the incorporation time in step (2) is 160 seconds, and the mixture homogeneity coefficient of variation is less than 7%.
9. the preparation method of ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed according to claim 6, is characterized in that: the modified curing time in step (2) is 60 seconds, and the temperature after modified is 90-95 ℃.
10. the preparation method of ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed according to claim 6, is characterized in that: in step (2), the difference of cooling later material temperature and room temperature is not higher than 5 ℃.
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