CN102987070A - Ecological and environment-friendly type mixed feed for pike and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ecological and environment-friendly type mixed feed for pike and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological and environment-friendly type mixed feed for a pike and a preparation method of the ecological and environment-friendly type mixed feed. The mixed feed is prepared from the following raw materials: puffed soybean meal, puffed soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, steamed fish meal, chicken meal, peanut meal, cottonseed meal, double-low rapeseed meal, corn germ meal, rice bran, flour, soybean oil, soya bean lecithin, deep sea fish oil, zeolite powder, monocalcium phosphate, choline chloride, L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate, table salt, complex vitamin, complex trace element, glycine betaine, bacillus subtilis, yeast cell wall polysaccharide, high-temperature resistant phytase, allicin and citric acid. The feed can meet all demands of the pike to nutrition, is high in feed conversion rate, has the food coefficient ranging from 1.5 to 1.9, improves the water environment, reduces 30 to 50% of emitted ammonia nitrogen in the water mass, remarkably improves the immunity of the pike, brings high activity to the pike, increases 5 to 10% of the survival rate, and obviously increases the economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquatic feeds, be specifically related to a kind of ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Mullet, i.e. Mullet fish belongs to the Mugilidae of Mugiliformes, the feeding habits of mullet are very wide, belong to take plant feed as main ominivore-fish, be deposited on the benthic diatom on bed mud surface and organic debris as main to scrape food, also eat some thread algae, general sufficient class, Polychaeta, software class and small-sized shrimps etc.Ingest such as rice bran, beancake powder, groundnut meal, solid carbon dioxide flea and artifical compound feed etc. propagating under the condition also happiness artificially.Mullet has abundant nutrition, and is Fresh ﹠ Tender in Texture, tasty, and protein content is very high, is the delicacies in the feast.
Existing mullet feed simply makes up with single raw material or several raw material, and nutrition is comprehensive not, and efficiency of feed utilization is low, to severe water pollution, can not satisfy the nutritional need of mullet growth, and economic benefit is low, has wretched insufficiency.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed, overcomes the existing incomplete problem of mullet feed nutrition, and solves the pollution problem to water environment.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed, formulated by the component of following weight portion, swelling soya dreg 160-200 part, soy bean powder 38-42 part, fermented bean dregs 29-31 part, steam fish meal 49-51 part, chicken meal 19-21 part, peanut meal 27-29 part, Cottonseed Meal 128-132 part, double lower rapeseed dreg 202-218 part, corn germ cake 64-66 part, rice bran 79-81 part, flour 89-91 part, soya-bean oil 14-16 part, 8 parts of soybean lecithins, 5 parts of deep sea fish oils, 20 parts of zeolite powders, 15 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphates, 2 parts of the Choline Chlorides of mass concentration 60%, the L-AA of mass concentration 35%-2-phosphoesterase 30. 4 parts, 2 parts of salt, 1 part of B B-complex of fish, 3 parts of composite trace elements of fish, 2 parts of the betaines of mass concentration 30%, 0. 15 parts of the bacillus subtilises of 10,000,000,000/gram, 1 part of yeast cell wall polysaccharide, 0.15 part of the high temperature resistant phytase of 5000 U/g, 0.3 part of the allicin of mass concentration 25%, 2 parts of citric acids.
The further improvement project of the present invention is, per 100 grams of the ammonia absorption value of described zeolite powder are greater than 0.16 mole, and the fineness of zeolite powder is greater than 100 orders.
The present invention further improvement project is that described fish contains vitamin A 8,000 ten thousand IU, cholecalciferol 1,500 ten thousand IU, vitamin E 80g, prokeyvit with every kilogram of B B-complex
9.5g, pangamic acid .5g, vitamin B2
12.5g, vitamin B6 10g, cobalamin 2g, nicotinic acid 42g, pantothenic acid 28g, folic acid 1.5g, inositol 80g.
The present invention more further improvement project be that described fish is with every kilogram of iron content 50g of composite trace element, copper 1g, zinc 40g, manganese 10g, iodine 0.4g, selenium 0.08g, cobalt 0.2 g, magnesium 80g.
The present invention more further improvement project be, described yeast cell wall polysaccharide contains mannosan greater than 20%, contains β-1,3/1, the 6-glucan is greater than 20%.
The preparation method of ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps, and by parts by weight of component claimed in claim 1,
(1) calcium dihydrogen phosphate, Choline Chloride, L-AA-2-phosphate, salt, fish are pre-blended into the additive semi-finished product for standby with B B-complex, fish with composite trace element, betaine, bacillus subtilis, yeast cell wall polysaccharide, high temperature resistant phytase, allicin, citric acid;
(2) swelling soya dreg, soy bean powder, fermented bean dregs, steam fish meal, chicken meal, peanut meal, Cottonseed Meal, double lower rapeseed dreg, corn germ cake, rice bran are pulverized; then add the additive semi-finished product that step (1) obtains; add again at last flour flour, soya-bean oil, soybean lecithin, deep sea fish oil, zeolite powder; mix, modified slaking, granulation, cooling; use again crushed machine broken; sieve with classifying screen; upper sieve is that 10 orders, lower screen are 12 orders, gets the particulate feed between the two layer screen.
The further improvement project of the present invention is that pulverizing used sieve aperture in the step (2) is 0.1-1.0mm.
The present invention further improvement project is, the incorporation time in the step (2) is about 160 seconds, and the mixture homogeneity coefficient of variation is less than 7%.
The present invention further improvement project is, the modified curing time in the step (2) is about 60 seconds, and the temperature after modified is 90-95 ℃.
The present invention further improvement project is that the material temperature that the middle cooling of step (2) is later and the difference of room temperature are not higher than 5 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: this Feed Energy satisfies whole nutritional needs of mullet, feed conversion rate is high, feed coefficient is between 1.5-1.9, can improve water environment, reduce the ammonia nitrogen discharging 30-50% in the water body, use this feed can obviously improve the body immunity of mullet, the fish vitality of subject is good, survival rate improves 5-10%, and economic benefit obviously improves.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail, but the present invention is not limited to given example.
Embodiment 1: get 160 parts of swelling soya dregs, 42 parts of soy bean powders, 31 parts of fermented bean dregs, 51 parts of steam fish meal, 21 parts of chicken meals, 29 parts of peanut meals, 132 parts of Cottonseed Meals, 218 parts of double lower rapeseed dregs, 66 parts of corn germ cakes, 81 parts in rice bran, 91 parts in flour, 16 parts in soya-bean oil, 8 parts of soybean lecithins, 5 parts of deep sea fish oils, 20 parts of zeolite powders, 15 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphates, 2 parts of mass concentration 60% Choline Chlorides, the L-AA of mass concentration 35%-2-phosphoesterase 30. 4 parts, 2 parts of salt, 0.1% 1 part of B B-complex of the fish of adding, 3 parts of composite trace elements of fish, 2 parts of the betaines of mass concentration 30%, 0. 15 parts of the bacillus subtilises of 10,000,000,000/gram, 1 part of yeast cell wall polysaccharide, 0.15 part of the high temperature resistant phytase of 5000 U/g, 0.3 part of the allicin of mass concentration 25%, 2 parts of citric acids; 0.17 mole of per 100 gram of the ammonia absorption value of zeolite powder, fineness 110 orders of zeolite powder; With fodder production line pulverize, mixing, modified slaking, granulation; Sieve with the crushed machine fragmentation, upper sieve 10 orders, lower screen 12 orders are got the particulate feed of part between the two layer screen again.
In embodiment 1 mixed feed: gross protein value 33.47%, coarse ash content 10.06%, crude fat content 6.48%, crude fiber content 6.35%, calcium content 0.91%, total phosphorus content 1.27%, salt content 0.43%, lysine content 1.78%.
Embodiment 2: get 180 parts of swelling soya dregs, 40 parts of soy bean powders, 30 parts of fermented bean dregs, 50 parts of steam fish meal, 20 parts of chicken meals, 28 parts of peanut meals, 130 parts of Cottonseed Meals, 210 parts of double lower rapeseed dregs, 65 parts of corn germ cakes, 80 parts in rice bran, 90 parts in flour, 15 parts in soya-bean oil, 8 parts of soybean lecithins, 5 parts of deep sea fish oils, 20 parts of zeolite powders, 15 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphates, 2.0 parts of mass concentration 60% Choline Chlorides, the L-AA of mass concentration 35%-2-phosphoesterase 30. 4 parts, 2 parts of salt, 1 part of B B-complex of fish, 3 parts of composite trace elements of fish, 2 parts of the betaines of mass concentration 30%, 0. 15 parts of the bacillus subtilises of 10,000,000,000/gram, 1 part of yeast cell wall polysaccharide, 0.15 part of the high temperature resistant phytase of 5000 U/g, 0.3 part of the allicin of mass concentration 25%, 2 parts of citric acids; Wherein, 0.2 mole of per 100 gram of the ammonia absorption value of zeolite powder, fineness 140 orders of zeolite powder; With fodder production line pulverize, modified slaking, granulation; Sieve with the crushed machine fragmentation, upper sieve 10 orders, lower screen 12 orders are got the particulate feed of part between the two layer screen again.
In embodiment 2 mixed feeds: gross protein value 33.68%, coarse ash content 10.01%, crude fat content 6.32%, crude fiber content 6.28%, calcium content 0.90%, total phosphorus content 1.26%, salt content 0.43%, lysine content 1.80%.
Embodiment 3: get 200 parts of swelling soya dregs, 38 parts of soy bean powders, 29 parts of fermented bean dregs, 49 parts of steam fish meal, 19 parts of chicken meals, 27 parts of peanut meals, 128 parts of Cottonseed Meals, 202 parts of double lower rapeseed dregs, 64 parts of corn germ cakes, 79 parts in rice bran, 89 parts in flour, 14 parts in soya-bean oil, 8 parts of soybean lecithins, 5 parts of deep sea fish oils, 20 parts of zeolite powders, 15 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphates, 2 parts of mass concentration 60% Choline Chlorides, the L-AA of mass concentration 35%-2-phosphoesterase 30. 4 parts, 2 parts of salt, 1 part of B B-complex of fish, 3 parts of composite trace elements of fish, 2 parts of the betaines of mass concentration 30%, 0. 15 parts of the bacillus subtilises of 10,000,000,000/gram, 1 part of yeast cell wall polysaccharide, 0.15 part of the high temperature resistant phytase of 5000 U/g, 0.3 part of the allicin of mass concentration 25%, 2 parts of citric acids; 0.18 mole of per 100 gram of the ammonia absorption value of zeolite powder, fineness 120 orders of zeolite powder; With fodder production line pulverize, mixing, modified slaking, granulation; Sieve with the crushed machine fragmentation, upper sieve 10 orders, lower screen 12 orders are got the particulate feed of part between the two layer screen again.
In embodiment 3 mixed feeds: gross protein value 33.89%, coarse ash content 9.97%, crude fat content 6.17%, crude fiber content 6.22%, calcium content 0.90%, total phosphorus content 1.25%, salt content 0.42%, lysine content 1.81%.
Be the result of use of checking the present invention to mullet, the applicant has carried out ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed culture experiment in certain culture experiment field;
Table 1 is that common mullet feed and ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed are on the impact of ammonia nitrogen in the water body.
| The fish pond numbering | 10 days ammonia nitrogen concentrations | 20 days ammonia nitrogen concentrations | 30 days ammonia nitrogen concentrations | 40 days ammonia nitrogen concentrations | 50 days ammonia nitrogen concentrations |
| Ⅰ | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.30 | 0.32 |
| Ⅱ | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.30 |
| Ⅲ | 0.25 | 0.22 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.17 |
| Ⅳ | 0.29 | 0.24 | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.16 |
I, II are control group, select common mullet feed, and two groups of III, IV are test group, select a kind of ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed of the present invention.As seen from Table 1, III, IV group ammonia-nitrogen content are starkly lower than control group, and along with the prolongation of service time is on a declining curve; Analyzing reason mainly is to have used bacillus subtilis, zeolite powder in the feed of the present invention, and wherein bacillus subtilis can be decomposed residual bait in the water body, ight soil, dead algae etc., safeguards water quality, reduces disease; The duct of zeolite powder is of a size of 4.2 nanometers, hole and duct account for the 40-50% of cumulative volume, form very large internal surface area, the internal surface area of this zeolite of every gram reaches more than 1000 square metre, adsorbable and store a large amount of lewis' acids, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide isopolarity molecule in can adsorbed water body improve water body environment greatly.
Below be ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed on the impact of mullet growth performance: by the mullet culture experiment, the result of use of this invention is verified in research and observe feed of the present invention to the ingesting and the impact of growth result of mullet.
1.1 experimental animal and grouping: experimental animal is 20 g/fishs of mullet fingerlings, derives from Lianyun Harbour one fish seeding ground, supports for 2 weeks temporarily; Select the mullet of physique stalwartness, neat specification before the test, divide at random 4 groups, be respectively control group, 1 group of experiment, 2 groups of experiments, 3 groups of experiments, establish 3 repetitions for every group, totally 12 breeding barrels (the breeding barrel specification is diameter 70cm, and height is 100cm), each breeding barrel 20 tail mullet.
1.2 test daily ration: the test daily ration is the feed of embodiment 1-3.
1.3 feeding and management: test site is plant of company indoor laboratory, and test adopts microcirculation to change water, clearance-type oxygenation; Water temperature is controlled at 22～25 ℃; Every day, daily ration of feeding was 2.5～4% of fish body weight 9:00,13:00 and 18:00 bait throwing in 3 times; The formal test phase is on June 21,21 days to 2012 April in 2012, totally 60 days.
1.4 sample collection and analysis:
Rate of body weight gain (%)=(finishing counterpoise-initial counterpoise)/initial counterpoise * 100
Specific growth rate (%/d)=(finish counterpoise-initial counterpoise) ∕ and raise fate * 100
Feed coefficient=Zong Chong Liang ∕ fish body total augment weight feeds intake
1.5 data are processed: use the EXCEL record data, SPSS17.0 carries out data statistic analysis, One-Way ANOVA method is adopted in significance test, carries out multiple ratio with the Duncan method, and data are expressed as mean value and add and subtract standard error (Means ± SEM).
Ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed on the impact of mullet rate of body weight gain and feed coefficient by as seen from Table 2, the rate of body weight gain of experimental group and control group significant difference (P＜0.05); The 3rd group of rate of body weight gain is maximum, respectively organizes significant difference (P＜0.05) with other; For specific growth rate, the 1st group, the 2nd group, the 3rd group and control group significant difference (P＜0.05), the 3rd group of grass carp specific growth rate is the highest, respectively organizes significant difference with other; Can find out that from rate of body weight gain and specific growth rate ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed can promote the growth of mullet.
Table 2 mixed feed is on the impact of mullet rate of body weight gain and feed coefficient
| Process | Control group | Test 1 group | Test 2 groups | Test 3 groups |
| First counterpoise (g) | 12.05±0.34 | 11.89±0.92 | 13.45±1.05 | 12.97±0.91 |
| Finish counterpoise (g) | 25.69±3.67 | 26.64±3.28 | 30.91±2.41 | 30.54±2.88 |
| Rate of body weight gain (%) | 113.23±0.96 a | 124.02±2.50 b | 129.79±1.40 c | 135.47±1.25 d |
| Specific growth rate (%) | 1.26±0.02 a | 1.34±0.00 b | 1.38±0.01 c | 1.43±0.01 d |
Ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed on the impact of mullet feed coefficient as can be seen from Table 3, the 1st group, the 2nd group, the 3rd group with control group significant difference different significantly (P＜0.05); The 3rd group of feed coefficient is minimum, and the control group feed coefficient is the highest; The 1st group, the 2nd group, the 3rd group group difference be (P〉0.05) not significantly.
The impact of feed coefficient is respectively organized in table 3 test
| Process | Control group | Test 1 group | Test 2 groups | Test 3 groups |
| Feed coefficient | 2.05±0.03 b | 1.81±0.06 a | 1．79±0.07 a | 1.72±0.05 a |
Can find out from table 2, table 3, it is obvious that ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed improves the production performance of mullet, the analysis main cause is: this invention protein raw materials swelling soya dreg, soy bean powder, fermented bean dregs, inlet steam fish meal, chicken meal, peanut meal, Cottonseed Meal, double lower rapeseed dreg animal/vegetable protein collocation adequate nutrition balance, high molecular weight protein is degraded into small molecular protein in the fermented bean dregs, and contain little peptide components, be easy to digest and assimilate; Selected energy feedstuff soya-bean oil, soybean lecithin, the different grease combinations of deep sea fish oil, saturated fatty acid and the collocation of unsaturated not aliphatic acid are reasonable, and soybean lecithin has the effect of emulsified fat, has improved the utilization rate of energy; Selected additive raw material yeast cell wall polysaccharide, 25% allicin can increase the immunity of mullet, guarantee that the fish body is healthy, prevent disease, thus improve the production performance of mullet.
Claims (10)
1. ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed, it is characterized in that: the component by following weight portion is formulated, swelling soya dreg 160-200 part, soy bean powder 38-42 part, fermented bean dregs 29-31 part, steam fish meal 49-51 part, chicken meal 19-21 part, peanut meal 27-29 part, Cottonseed Meal 128-132 part, double lower rapeseed dreg 202-218 part, corn germ cake 64-66 part, rice bran 79-81 part, flour 89-91 part, soya-bean oil 14-16 part, 8 parts of soybean lecithins, 5 parts of deep sea fish oils, 20 parts of zeolite powders, 15 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphates, 2 parts of the Choline Chlorides of mass concentration 60%, the L-AA of mass concentration 35%-2-phosphoesterase 30. 4 parts, 2 parts of salt, 1 part of B B-complex of fish, 3 parts of composite trace elements of fish, 2 parts of the betaines of mass concentration 30%, 0. 15 parts of the bacillus subtilises of 10,000,000,000/gram, 1 part of yeast cell wall polysaccharide, 0.15 part of the high temperature resistant phytase of 5000 U/g, 0.3 part of the allicin of mass concentration 25%, 2 parts of citric acids.
2. ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the ammonia absorption value of described zeolite powder be per 100 grams greater than 0.16 mole, the fineness of zeolite powder is greater than 100 orders.
3. ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described fish contains vitamin A 8,000 ten thousand IU, cholecalciferol 1,500 ten thousand IU, vitamin E 80g, prokeyvit with every kilogram of B B-complex
9.5g, pangamic acid .5g, vitamin B2
12.5g, vitamin B6 10g, cobalamin 2g, nicotinic acid 42g, pantothenic acid 28g, folic acid 1.5g, inositol 80g.
4. ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described fish is with every kilogram of iron content 50g of composite trace element, copper 1g, zinc 40g, manganese 10g, iodine 0.4g, selenium 0.08g, cobalt 0.2 g, magnesium 80g.
5. ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described yeast cell wall polysaccharide contains mannosan greater than 20%, contains β-1,3/1, and the 6-glucan is greater than 20%.
6. the preparation method of ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed is characterized in that may further comprise the steps: by parts by weight of component claimed in claim 1,
(1) calcium dihydrogen phosphate, Choline Chloride, L-AA-2-phosphate, salt, fish are pre-blended into the additive semi-finished product for standby with B B-complex, fish with composite trace element, betaine, bacillus subtilis, yeast cell wall polysaccharide, high temperature resistant phytase, allicin, citric acid;
(2) swelling soya dreg, soy bean powder, fermented bean dregs, steam fish meal, chicken meal, peanut meal, Cottonseed Meal, double lower rapeseed dreg, corn germ cake, rice bran are pulverized; then add the additive semi-finished product that step (1) obtains; add again at last flour flour, soya-bean oil, soybean lecithin, deep sea fish oil, zeolite powder; mix, modified slaking, granulation, cooling; use again crushed machine broken; sieve with classifying screen; upper sieve is that 10 orders, lower screen are 12 orders, gets the particulate feed between the two layer screen.
7. the preparation method of ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed according to claim 6 is characterized in that: pulverizing used sieve aperture in the step (2) is 0.1-1.0mm.
8. the preparation method of ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the incorporation time in the step (2) is about 160 seconds, and the mixture homogeneity coefficient of variation is less than 7%.
9. the preparation method of ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the modified curing time in the step (2) is about 60 seconds, the temperature after modified is 90-95 ℃.
10. the preparation method of ecological environment-friendly type mullet mixed feed according to claim 6 is characterized in that: the later material temperature of cooling and the difference of room temperature are not higher than 5 ℃ in the step (2).
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