CN102986396A - Cultivation method of ginseng under forest - Google Patents
Cultivation method of ginseng under forest Download PDFInfo
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- CN102986396A CN102986396A CN 201110274448 CN201110274448A CN102986396A CN 102986396 A CN102986396 A CN 102986396A CN 201110274448 CN201110274448 CN 201110274448 CN 201110274448 A CN201110274448 A CN 201110274448A CN 102986396 A CN102986396 A CN 102986396A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of ginseng under forest. The cultivation method comprises the following steps of: (1) disinfecting seeds: soaking dried seeds through 1 percent of formalin for 10-15 min, fishing out, washing for 2-3 times through clear water, soaking water seeds through 50 percent of 800 times of carbendazim or 200 times of zineb for 10-15 min, fishing out, and standing until surfaces of the seeds are anhydrous; (2) selecting a forest land with canopy density being within 0.6-0.8, tree age being more than 20 years, and tree height being more than 10-15m, and adopting hole sowing or strip sowing; and (3) after the ginseng under forest is grown for 5 years, adjusting the canopy density of the forest land, and keeping the canopy density to be within 0.6-0.7. The product produced through the cultivation method is grown naturally, and has low pesticide residue, no pollution, high content of saponins, and similar quality and price to those of wild ginseng, so that the pesticide effect component and the economic benefit are greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method of Ginseng under Forest.
Background technology
Ginseng is first of the Triratna of northeast, and great reputation is in both at home and abroad, and its unique curative effect fires one's imagination.Wild ginseng, nearly mountain ginseng, garden ginsent etc. are the general names of ginseng.Self-sow or artificial cultivation in mountain forest, the profile of the root of formation be namely: reed, body, line, palpus, skin, and inherent nutrient is different, and its commodity price is also different.
Why famous and precious ginseng is, because the required environmental condition of growing is very harsh, the country that ginseng can be planted in the whole world only has 33 °～48 ° of north latitude, height above sea level 100～1000m, 3 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year, the minimum air temperature-19 ℃, year precipitation is at 700mm, the large dough figurine ginseng plantation that could suit of the Korea of whole day average luminous intensity 80900Lux, China, Japan, Russia, and China only there is partly suitable growing area in the Xiaoxinanlin Mountains and the Zhang Guangcai mountain range in Changbai mountain, Jilin one band and Heilungkiang.The wild ginseng self-sow cycle is longer, and the growth area relatively disperses because it is expensive, people to its collection capacity greater than amount of growth.In recent years, because destruction and the people of the forest resources excavate predatory of wild ginseng, so that the wild ginseng resource falls sharply, be on the verge of exhaustion.At present, the quantity of wild ginseng is fewer and feweri on the market, has not satisfied people's medicinal demand, therefore, manually develops Ginseng under Forest, the protection ecological balance, and the true colours of going back ginseng for medicinal use are the inexorable trends of ginseng industry development.
Ginseng under Forest; claim again to educate mountain ginseng (seed sea, seed goods, seed are gone up a hill, marine products); be artificially the seed broadcasting of cultivation ginseng in natural environment; give free rein to growth; do not transplant, do not put up a shed, do not apply fertilizer, do not go and buy Chinese medicine, not weeding, do not stir soil, half wild ginseng that just went up a hill and collect in about more than 10 years.
But the cultivation of Ginseng under Forest still exists growing way bad at present, and survival rate is low, and quality and ginseng type do not reach the technical problem of requirement.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, it is good to the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of growing way, and survival rate is high, the cultivation method of the Ginseng under Forest that quality and ginseng type are good.
The cultivation method of Ginseng under Forest of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) seed disinfection: dried seed is pulled out with clear water flushing 2～3 times with 1% formalin seed soaking, 10～15min, and the water seed is with 800 times of weight liquid of 50% carbendazim or 200 times of weight liquid seed soaking of zineb, 10～15min, and is anhydrous to the surface of the seed after pulling out;
(2) select crown density between 0.6～0.8, the age of tree is more than 20 years, the forest land that the height of tree 10～15m is above, bunch planting or drilling are adopted in sowing, and wherein bunch planting is dug cave, the dark 4cm～5cm in cave by 10cm * 20cm or 20cm * 20cm cave apart from carrying out Hengshan Mountain, 3～5 seeds are put in every cave, 20cm line-spacing Hengshan Mountain trench digging is pressed in drilling, ditch depth 4～5cm, and every distance 8～10cm broadcasts 1 seed;
(3) after Ginseng under Forest grows into 5 years, adjust the forest land crown density, keep crown density between 0.6～0.7.
The cultivation method of Ginseng under Forest of the present invention wherein also comprises 8 years above Ginseng under Forests of life are carried out the step that flower bud is plucked in defloration when yielding positive results the 5～July in every year.
Its growth cycle of Ginseng under Forest through method cultivation of the present invention is growth 10～20 years, the time limit is longer, be worth and also soar thereupon, be characterized in the long body spirit of reed, Pi Laowen is dark, must be long and clear thin, pearl knot is arranged on the palpus, body characteristics can compare favourably with wild ginseng, though can not be in wild ginseng opinion mutually on the quality, its medical value is much higher than garden ginsent.
Embodiment
For further the present invention will be described, existing to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail, however described embodiment can not be used for limiting scope of patent protection of the present invention only for furnishing an explanation and the usefulness of explaining.
Panax perennial root herbaceous plant is used as medicine with root, habit of growth be the property happiness cool humid climate, resist cold, belong to resistive long-day plant.Happiness is chatted and is penetrated or scattered light, avoids high light and high temperature, and the growth optimum temperature is 20～25 ℃.The soil moisture of aspiring for stability, should be good in draining, soil layer is deep, be rich in humus, pH value that permeability is strong is 5.5～6.8 subacidity soil or sandy loam in grow.
The step of cultivation method of the present invention comprises:
1. selection of land
Select pollution-freely, air quality is qualified, heavy metal-polluted soil, the residual forest land environmental condition that does not exceed standard of farming, and take toothed oak tree, lime tree as main Broad-leaved Mixed Forest or theropencedrymion, the forest land of the undershrubs such as a living shrub lespedeza, hazel bavin is for well.The age of tree is more than 20 years, the height of tree 10～15m, and woods is to more neat, and crown density are 0.6～0.8.Soil requires subterranean water level lower, and waterlogging is not selected the fertile organic abundant humus soil that contains, general multiselect yellow ground humus soil, black sand humus soil, loam and sand loam, and soil pH value 5.6～6.5 is between 25 °～55 ° of the gradients.Slope to the east of the slope aspect, Northeast Slope is best, and taking second place in slope, the southeast, but should not select north slope and Northwest Slope, can select Nan Po in case of necessity.
2. wholely
(1) planning is cleared out a gathering place: enterprising professional etiquette is drawn in the forest land of choosing, and makes group, the long 8～10m of group, and wide is 6～7m, is " well " font or trapezoidal, shelves are reserved 0.5m operation road with asking of shelves.Undershrub in the shelves and weeds are removed outside the venue, notice that the root stubble must be flat with ground one, needn't plane the ground.
(2) seed selection and seed disinfection: the genuine sylvan life ginseng that seed source selects Huan Ren area in Liaoning to produce.The Ginseng under Forest seed that must use the seed-breeding field to produce.The seed quality mature and plump, without germ, without the high quality seed of worm-eaten, seed quality should meet the above required standard of GB6941-86 secondary.Seed disinfection: dried seed is pulled out with clear water flushing 2～3 times with 1% formalin seed soaking, 10～15min, and the water seed is with 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim or 200 times of liquid seed soaking of zineb, 10～15min, and is anhydrous to the surface of the seed after pulling out.
(3) presprouting of seeds: germination accelerating method adopts outdoor vernalization.Dried seed began vernalization before mid-June, water seed early August begins vernalization.The vernalization place selects that physical features is dry, leeward on the sunny side, well-drained place, press east-west direction, digs cellar for storing things, rectangular storage seed hole, and the subsoil of feeling at home has dug the drain ditch all around, and in the west, the two sides, north clips windbreak, the field of basking seeds is reserved in the south.On the place of putting in order, tumble in four frames or build frame with brick, stone etc. with plank, the high 40cm of frame, wide 90～100cm, length is decided on grain weight.Tumble in 1 layer of frame outside frame, interior housing spacing 15cm middle tamps with sand again, then the fine sand that sieves is layered in the inside casing, about thickness 5cm, reinstalls the seed of the ginseng seed puddled and fine sand volume 1: 1 or 1: 3, the fine sand of loam cake 5～10cm.Frame canopy: set up east-west, the low cool canopy in high south, north of suitable size, dig the drain ditch on every side, prevent place ponding.Fall kind: fell in per 7 days of early stage kind for 1 time, fall about 10 days later stages kind for 1 time, seed is sifted out airing 20～30min at every turn after, the spray suitable quantity of water is moistening in the sand of river, the son of dressing seed again enters to store.The seed fried mouth is more than 90%, and can sift out dries in the shade packs into bag interior (pocket will be breathed freely), is placed on the aeration-drying freezer and waits to broadcast.Water transfer: generally falling kind front 1 day to water, to water kind of layer 1/3 place as degree.If with pure husky vernalization, the sand water content remains on 10%～15% and is advisable.Temperature control: temperature is controlled at 10～20 ℃, and in 18～20 ℃ of general early stages, the later stage is 10～15 ℃, when the vernalization latter temperature is not enough, can buckles the plastic film moisturizing and heat.
3. sowing
(1) sow in spring: the spring sowing time should early both can be sowed after soil thaws, and can not surpass April 28 the latest.
(2) autumn sowing: early August to early September is broadcast the water seed, and early October is broadcast the vernalization seed before freezing.
(3) type of seeding: with bunch planting for well, secondly drilling.With rake ground leaf weeds are hugged on the operation road during bunch planting, dig cave, the dark 4cm～5cm in cave by 10cm * 20cm or 20cm * 20cm cave apart from carrying out Hengshan Mountain, will put down at the bottom of the cave, 3～5 seeds, earthing 5～6cm are put in every cave, cover fallen leaves after the suppression, falling leaves thickly is as the criterion to cover ground again.20cm line-spacing Hengshan Mountain trench digging is pressed in drilling, ditch depth 4～5cm, and then sowing, every distance 8～10cm broadcasts 1 seed, other same bunch planting.
(4) seeding quantity: every mu of sowing 1.5～2.5kg.The original point broadcast mode is taked in sowing, artificial dazzling exactly 2～3 vernalization is put into the inside, natural earthing.
4. management
(1) nurse of sealing a mountain pass: the nurse of should throughout the year sealing a mountain pass of the forest land of plantation Ginseng under Forest, forbid people and animals to enter, forbidden in Ginseng under Forest kind woodlot, to cut bavin, herded, gather the mountain products wild fruit, the activity such as open a mine.
(2) hug leaf: front 3 years of plantation Ginseng under Forest, when every year, spring, soil did not thaw, the leaf of piling up is hugged away with rake, neat in order to emerging.
(3) weeding: front 2 years of the forest land of plantation Ginseng under Forest needn't weeding, but after beginning in the 3rd year annual 7 the end of month to carry out 1 weeding, herbicidal methods is all removed with the weeds that reaping hook or scissors will be higher than more than the ginseng leaf.
(4) laxative: Ginseng under Forest is seldom caught an illness, and does not generally need laxative, but also will carry out chemical control when large tracts of land generation damage by disease and insect, the same garden ginsent of the method for preventing and treating, but the inaccurate agricultural chemicals that uses country to prohibite use.
(5) fertilising: measure according to soil fertility, as rational application of fertilizer foundation.For fair needs that guarantees Ginseng under Forest applies fertilizer.As execute and on the basis of test, with reference to Fertilizer application criterion pertinent regulations in the pollution-free food production, to optimize best fertilising scheme.
(6) draining: will note draining in rainy season, dig the drain ditch, unclog the channel.
(7) adjust crown density: after Ginseng under Forest grows into 5 years, need enough illumination, to in time adjust Canopy densities, in the annual summer, two seasons of autumn carry out the on-site survey of full garden, note observing, find to have the excessive place of crown density, to clear up in the winter time tree crown, adjust crown density about 0.6～0.7, will will do the removing of branch tree power simultaneously, avoid doing summer branch tree power and fall the wound ginseng.
(8) flower bud is plucked in defloration: for improving ginseng output, 8 years above Ginseng under Forests of life are when yielding positive results the 5～July in every year, and nearly 100 in every strain bud, too much bud affect ginseng root output, therefore want timely defloration to pluck flower bud.As want the son of reserving seed for planting, and also want timely flower thinning, remove the Xiao Hua at the edge of rear opening, with the flower of opening first in the middle of guaranteeing adequate nutrients is arranged, produce full seed.
(9) rat plague control: mainly contain mole, mountain mouse etc.Prevent and treat method: lure folder and lower ground arrow to catch and kill or use period poison bait with clip.
5. seed collection
(1) seed collecting period: late July is to mid-August, when the ginseng fruit becomes scarlet (Huang) look by green, for collecting seed optimum period.
(2) Seed Collecting Methods: cut off from bennet 1/3 with scissors, adopt, divide and receive red, yellow really will dividing.Such as the fruit of inflorescence full maturity not, then should divide and gather for 2 times.To distinguish fruit and sick fruit during seed collecting, accomplish to gather respectively, process respectively.
(3) threshing: will join fruit and packing into and rub that a grain machine is sloughed pulp with the hands or the cloth bag of packing into when separating fully with seed with hand rubbing to pulp, and dropping into rinsing in the clear water, and floating pulp and flat grain, and after cleaning with clear water again, drying or dry in the shade, and must not under high light, be exposed to the sun.
(4) storage of seed: the seed after the threshing dried in the shade 3～4 days, carried out vernalization and processed, and mixed in sowing in 10～November or with seed and sand (1: 3), was embedded in the outdoor shady and cool place that is not subjected to the rainwater invasion and attack, sowed in spring in Second Year.
6. the ginseng root is gathered in the crops
(1) results year gives birth to: more than 15 years.
(2) results period: late July is to mid-August.
(3) collecting method: adopt the ancient mode of excavating, dig with planting spade, certain depth be arranged, must be as degree not hinder that root is disconnected.
(4) transportation, the ginseng that digs out should install with carton after trembling clean earth immediately, avoids exposing to the weather, and handles with care, transports the processing site safely.
7. processing
(1) fresh goods: with hairbrush or the soft toothbrush of long 3～5cm tooth, in clean cold water, with the dirt outwashes such as earth on reed, wing, body, palpus four major parts, can not the skin brush is broken, also pearl knot can not be brushed off.To rub with hand under the reed, then rinse well with clear water, install with plate, dry in the sun.
(2) dried frozen aquatic products, vacuum freezing drying dehydration.
(3) dried food and nuts: get the ginseng that dries well,, on the seedling of 1.5cm on the reed it is hung in the drying box with clip, with the bulb baking, temperature is controlled at 50～60 ℃.About 50 ℃ of dry 0.5h of elder generation, open the air vent humidity discharging, be warming up to 55 ℃ of drier 1h, again humidity dischargings.Continue to be warming up to 60 ℃ and arrange again once tide when half-dried, until bone dry.
The product that cultivation method of the present invention is produced is because of its self-sow, and low farming is residual, nuisanceless, pollution-free, saponin content is high, and quality and price and wild ginseng are close, and efficacy component and economic benefit improve greatly.
Claims (2)
1. the cultivation method of a Ginseng under Forest is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) seed disinfection: dried seed is pulled out with clear water flushing 2～3 times with 1% formalin seed soaking, 10～15min, and the water seed is with 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim or 200 times of liquid seed soaking of zineb, 10～15min, and is anhydrous to the surface of the seed after pulling out;
(2) select crown density between 0.6～0.8, the age of tree is more than 20 years, the forest land that the height of tree 10～15m is above, bunch planting or drilling are adopted in sowing, and wherein bunch planting is dug cave, the dark 4cm～5cm in cave by 10cm * 20cm or 20cm * 20cm cave apart from carrying out Hengshan Mountain, 3～5 seeds are put in every cave, 20cm line-spacing Hengshan Mountain trench digging is pressed in drilling, ditch depth 4～5cm, and every distance 8～10cm broadcasts 1 seed;
(3) after Ginseng under Forest grows into 5 years, adjust the forest land crown density, keep crown density between 0.6～0.7.
2. the cultivation method of Ginseng under Forest as claimed in claim 1 characterized by further comprising 8 years above Ginseng under Forests of life are carried out the step that flower bud is plucked in defloration when yielding positive results the 5～July in every year.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104472191A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-04-01 | 南江县百草中药材有限公司 | Planting method for understory mountain ginseng |
| CN105103895A (en) * | 2015-08-27 | 2015-12-02 | 珲春森林山参业有限公司 | Wild ginseng planting method |
-
2011
- 2011-09-16 CN CN 201110274448 patent/CN102986396A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104472191A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-04-01 | 南江县百草中药材有限公司 | Planting method for understory mountain ginseng |
| CN105103895A (en) * | 2015-08-27 | 2015-12-02 | 珲春森林山参业有限公司 | Wild ginseng planting method |
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Application publication date: 20130327 |