CN102986004B - 扩散剂组合物及杂质扩散层的形成方法 - Google Patents
扩散剂组合物及杂质扩散层的形成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102986004B CN102986004B CN201180033476.XA CN201180033476A CN102986004B CN 102986004 B CN102986004 B CN 102986004B CN 201180033476 A CN201180033476 A CN 201180033476A CN 102986004 B CN102986004 B CN 102986004B
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- -1 alkoxy silane Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 52
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
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- UJTGYJODGVUOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy-methyl-propylsilane Chemical compound CCC[Si](C)(OCC)OCC UJTGYJODGVUOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXPDYFSTVHQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[SiH2]OCC ZXPDYFSTVHQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGWJKDPTLUDSJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl dimethyl silicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OC)(OC)OCC VGWJKDPTLUDSJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXAYXYTUOFVMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl dipropyl silicate Chemical compound CCCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCCC WXAYXYTUOFVMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCQFCFPECQILOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(O)(=O)OCC UCQFCFPECQILOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229940019778 diethylene glycol diethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940028356 diethylene glycol monobutyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- ZIDTUTFKRRXWTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl(dipropoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCO[Si](C)(C)OCCC ZIDTUTFKRRXWTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYLGKUPAFFKGRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyldiethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(C)OCC YYLGKUPAFFKGRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- KYTKNYFOYOZXAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxy-ethyl-methoxy-propylsilane Chemical compound CCC[Si](CC)(OC)OCC KYTKNYFOYOZXAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXBLAGDSLLXFQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxy-methoxy-dimethylsilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(C)OC QXBLAGDSLLXFQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCHYDOWKCXEERO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxy-methoxy-dipropylsilane Chemical compound CCC[Si](CCC)(OC)OCC PCHYDOWKCXEERO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BNFBSHKADAKNSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl(dipropoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCO[SiH](CC)OCCC BNFBSHKADAKNSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KUCGHDUQOVVQED-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl(tripropoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCO[Si](CC)(OCCC)OCCC KUCGHDUQOVVQED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTSRFYSEWIPFNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl-dimethoxy-methylsilane Chemical compound CC[Si](C)(OC)OC HTSRFYSEWIPFNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXIPHWDAHRGDRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl-dimethoxy-propylsilane Chemical compound CCC[Si](CC)(OC)OC MXIPHWDAHRGDRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIPNKAPHGKUQDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl-methoxy-dipropoxysilane Chemical compound CCCO[Si](CC)(OC)OCCC HIPNKAPHGKUQDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GXAOCGRUWCYNML-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl-methyl-dipropoxysilane Chemical compound CCCO[Si](C)(CC)OCCC GXAOCGRUWCYNML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011087 fumaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UPWPDUACHOATKO-UHFFFAOYSA-K gallium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ga](Cl)Cl UPWPDUACHOATKO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- TZMQHOJDDMFGQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,1,1-triol Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)(O)O TZMQHOJDDMFGQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- QBCNIGWTXULERZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxy(dipropoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCO[SiH](OC)OCCC QBCNIGWTXULERZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRUSMKPBJTYUCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxy-methyl-dipropoxysilane Chemical compound CCCO[Si](C)(OC)OCCC JRUSMKPBJTYUCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJISVYSHLYACRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxy-methyl-phenoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH](C)Oc1ccccc1 NJISVYSHLYACRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARYZCSRUUPFYMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH3] ARYZCSRUUPFYMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJMRIDVWCWSWFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(tripropoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCO[Si](C)(OCCC)OCCC RJMRIDVWCWSWFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004028 organic sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005375 organosiloxane group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1COC(=O)C1 JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)CC FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001259 photo etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZQZCOBSUOFHDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropyl silicate Chemical compound CCCO[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)OCCC ZQZCOBSUOFHDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYBKVVRRGQSGDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl methyl silicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OC)(OCC)OCC QYBKVVRRGQSGDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供扩散剂组合物及杂质扩散层的形成方法,本发明的一个方案为用于在半导体基板上印刷掺杂剂成分的扩散剂组合物,其包含硅化合物(A)、掺杂剂成分(B)和非掺杂剂金属成分(C)。这些成分中,作为非掺杂剂金属成分(C)而含有的Na的含量相对于组合物整体小于60ppb。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及扩散剂组合物及杂质扩散层的形成方法。
背景技术
一直以来,在太阳能电池的制造中,在半导体基板中形成例如N型或P型的杂质扩散层时,利用如下的方法来进行,即,将包含N型或P型的掺杂剂成分(也称为杂质扩散成分)的杂质扩散剂涂布在上述半导体基板上,使用扩散炉等施加热处理,从而使杂质扩散剂扩散到半导体基板中。
另外,近年来,为了形成更高效率的太阳能电池,提出了使用喷墨方式将扩散剂在半导体基板表面图案化的方法(例如,参照专利文献1~3)。喷墨方式中,不使用掩模而直接从喷墨喷嘴向杂质扩散层形成区域选择性喷出扩散剂从而进行图案化,因此,与以往的光刻法等相比较,不需要繁杂的工序就可以削减使用溶液的量并容易地形成图案。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2003-168810号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2003-332606号公报
专利文献3:日本特开2006-156646号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
在使用包含N型或P型的掺杂剂成分的扩散剂而在太阳能电池用的半导体基板中形成杂质扩散层时,存在以下问题:扩散剂中所含的、掺杂剂成分以外的金属成分会导致扩散剂的扩散性能降低、半导体基板的电特性降低。
本发明鉴于上述问题而完成,其目的在于,提供一种扩散剂组合物,其通过提高扩散能力,从而能够在太阳能电池用半导体基板中形成杂质扩散层时进一步提高电特性。
用于解决问题的手段
本发明的第一方案为一种扩散剂组合物。该扩散剂组合物的特征在于,其是用于向半导体基板扩散掺杂剂成分的扩散剂组合物,其含有硅化合物(A)、掺杂剂成分(B)和非掺杂剂金属成分(C),其中,作为非掺杂剂金属成分(C)而含有的Na的含量相对于组合物整体小于60ppb。
根据该方案的扩散剂组合物,能够在太阳能电池用的半导体基板中形成杂质扩散层时进一步提高电特性。
本发明的第二方案为一种杂质扩散层的形成方法。该杂质扩散层的形成方法的特征在于,包括以下工序:在半导体基板上涂布上述方案的扩散剂组合物而形成扩散层的工序;和使扩散剂组合物的掺杂剂成分(B)扩散到半导体基板中的扩散工序。
根据该方案,能够形成电特性提高的杂质扩散层。
发明效果
根据本发明,能够在用于太阳能电池等的半导体基板中形成杂质扩散层时进一步提高电特性。
附图说明
图1的(A)~(D)是用于说明包含实施方式的杂质扩散层的形成方法的太阳能电池的制造方法的工序剖面图。
图2的(A)~(D)是用于说明包含实施方式的杂质扩散层的形成方法的太阳能电池的制造方法的工序剖面图。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图对本发明的实施方式进行说明。另外,在所有的附图中,对同样的构成要素标以同样的符号,并适当省略其说明。
实施方式的扩散剂组合物用于向半导体基板扩散掺杂剂成分。上述半导体基板可以作为太阳能电池用的基板使用。该扩散剂组合物含有硅化合物(A)、掺杂剂成分(B)和非掺杂剂金属成分(C)。以下,对本实施方式的扩散剂组合物的各成分进行详细叙述。
(A)硅化合物
硅化合物(A)是选自SiO2微粒、及将下述通式(1)表示的烷氧基硅烷水解而得到的反应产物(以下,酌情称为烷氧基硅烷的水解产物)中的至少一种。以下,分别对SiO2微粒、及烷氧基硅烷的水解产物进行说明。
<烷氧基硅烷的水解产物>
[化学式1]
式(1)中,R1是氢原子、烷基、或苯基等芳基,R2是烷基或苯基等芳基,m表示0、1、或2的整数。存在多个R1时,多个R1可以相同也可以不同,存在多个(OR2)时,多个(OR2)可以相同也可以不同。
R1为烷基时,优选碳数1~20的直链状或支链状的烷基,更优选碳数1~4的直链状或支链状的烷基。
R2为烷基时,优选碳数1~5的直链状或支链状的烷基,从水解速度方面考虑,更优选碳数1或2的烷基。m优选为0。
上述通式(1)中的m为0时的硅烷化合物(i)用下述通式(II)表示。
Si(OR51)a(OR52)b(OR53)c(OR54)d…(II)
(II)式中,R51、R52、R53及R54分别独立地表示与上述R2相同的烷基或苯基等芳基。a、b、c及d为满足0≤a≤4、0≤b≤4、0≤c≤4、0≤d≤4且a+b+c+d=4的条件的整数。
通式(1)中的m为1时的硅烷化合物(ii)用下述通式(III)表示。
R65Si(OR66)e(OR67)f(OR68)g…(III)
(III)式中,R65表示与上述R1相同的氢原子、烷基、或苯基等芳基。R66、R67、及R68分别独立地表示与上述R2相同的烷基或苯基等芳基。e、f、及g为满足0≤e≤3、0≤f≤3、0≤g≤3且e+f+g=3的条件的整数。
通式(1)中的m为2时的硅烷化合物(iii)用下述通式(IV)表示。
R70R71Si(OR72)h(OR73)i…(IV)
(IV)式中,R70及R71表示与上述R1相同的氢原子、烷基、或苯基等芳基。其中,R70及R71中的至少一个表示烷基或苯基等芳基。R72及R73分别独立地表示与上述R2相同的烷基或苯基等芳基。h及i为满足0≤h≤2、0≤i≤2且h+i=2的条件的整数。
作为硅烷化合物(i)的具体例,可列举出四甲氧基硅烷、四乙氧基硅烷、四丙氧基硅烷、四丁氧基硅烷、四戊氧基硅烷、四苯氧基硅烷、三甲氧基单乙氧基硅烷、二甲氧基二乙氧基硅烷、三乙氧基单甲氧基硅烷、三甲氧基单丙氧基硅烷、单甲氧基三丁氧基硅烷、单甲氧基三戊氧基硅烷、单甲氧基三苯氧基硅烷、二甲氧基二丙氧基硅烷、三丙氧基单甲氧基硅烷、三甲氧基单丁氧基硅烷、二甲氧基二丁氧基硅烷、三乙氧基单丙氧基硅烷、二乙氧基二丙氧基硅烷、三丁氧基单丙氧基硅烷、二甲氧基单乙氧基单丁氧基硅烷、二乙氧基单甲氧基单丁氧基硅烷、二乙氧基单丙氧基单丁氧基硅烷、二丙氧基单甲氧基单乙氧基硅烷、二丙氧基单甲氧基单丁氧基硅烷、二丙氧基单乙氧基单丁氧基硅烷、二丁氧基单甲氧基单乙氧基硅烷、二丁氧基单乙氧基单丙氧基硅烷、单甲氧基单乙氧基单丙氧基单丁氧基硅烷等四烷氧基硅烷,其中,优选四甲氧基硅烷、四乙氧基硅烷。
作为硅烷化合物(ii)的具体例,可列举出苯基三甲氧基硅烷、苯基三乙氧基硅烷、甲基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、甲基三丙氧基硅烷、甲基三戊氧基硅烷、乙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙基三丙氧基硅烷、乙基三戊氧基硅烷、乙基三苯氧基硅烷、丙基三甲氧基硅烷、丙基三乙氧基硅烷、丙基三戊氧基硅烷、丙基三苯氧基硅烷、丁基三甲氧基硅烷、丁基三乙氧基硅烷、丁基三丙氧基硅烷、丁基三戊氧基硅烷、丁基三苯氧基硅烷、甲基单甲氧基二乙氧基硅烷、乙基单甲氧基二乙氧基硅烷、丙基单甲氧基二乙氧基硅烷、丁基单甲氧基二乙氧基硅烷、甲基单甲氧基二丙氧基硅烷、甲基单甲氧基二戊氧基硅烷、甲基单甲氧基二苯氧基硅烷、乙基单甲氧基二丙氧基硅烷、乙基单甲氧基二戊氧基硅烷、乙基单甲氧基二苯氧基硅烷、丙基单甲氧基二丙氧基硅烷、丙基单甲氧基二戊氧基硅烷、丙基单甲氧基二苯氧基硅烷、丁基单甲氧基二丙氧基硅烷、丁基单甲氧基二戊氧基硅烷、丁基单甲氧基二苯氧基硅烷、甲基甲氧基乙氧基丙氧基硅烷、丙基甲氧基乙氧基丙氧基硅烷、丁基甲氧基乙氧基丙氧基硅烷、甲基单甲氧基单乙氧基单丁氧基硅烷、乙基单甲氧基单乙氧基单丁氧基硅烷、丙基单甲氧基单乙氧基单丁氧基硅烷、丁基单甲氧基单乙氧基单丁氧基硅烷等,其中,优选甲基三烷氧基硅烷(尤其是甲基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷)、苯基三甲氧基硅烷、苯基三乙氧基硅烷。
作为硅烷化合物(iii)的具体例,可列举出甲基二甲氧基硅烷、甲基甲氧基乙氧基硅烷、甲基二乙氧基硅烷、甲基甲氧基丙氧基硅烷、甲基甲氧基戊氧基硅烷、甲基甲氧基苯氧基硅烷、乙基二丙氧基硅烷、乙基甲氧基丙氧基硅烷、乙基二戊氧基硅烷、乙基二苯氧基硅烷、丙基二甲氧基硅烷、丙基甲氧基乙氧基硅烷、丙基乙氧基丙氧基硅烷、丙基二乙氧基硅烷、丙基二戊氧基硅烷、丙基二苯氧基硅烷、丁基二甲氧基硅烷、丁基甲氧基乙氧基硅烷、丁基二乙氧基硅烷、丁基乙氧基丙氧基硅烷、丁基二丙氧基硅烷、丁基甲基二戊氧基硅烷、丁基甲基二苯氧基硅烷、二甲基二甲氧基硅烷、二甲基甲氧基乙氧基硅烷、二甲基二乙氧基硅烷、二甲基二戊氧基硅烷、二甲基二苯氧基硅烷、二甲基乙氧基丙氧基硅烷、二甲基二丙氧基硅烷、二乙基二甲氧基硅烷、二乙基甲氧基丙氧基硅烷、二乙基二乙氧基硅烷、二乙基乙氧基丙氧基硅烷、二丙基二甲氧基硅烷、二丙基二乙氧基硅烷、二丙基二戊氧基硅烷、二丙基二苯氧基硅烷、二丁基二甲氧基硅烷、二丁基二乙氧基硅烷、二丁基二丙氧基硅烷、二丁基甲氧基戊氧基硅烷、二丁基甲氧基苯氧基硅烷、甲基乙基二甲氧基硅烷、甲基乙基二乙氧基硅烷、甲基乙基二丙氧基硅烷、甲基乙基二戊氧基硅烷、甲基乙基二苯氧基硅烷、甲基丙基二甲氧基硅烷、甲基丙基二乙氧基硅烷、甲基丁基二甲氧基硅烷、甲基丁基二乙氧基硅烷、甲基丁基二丙氧基硅烷、甲基乙基乙氧基丙氧基硅烷、乙基丙基二甲氧基硅烷、乙基丙基甲氧基乙氧基硅烷、二丙基二甲氧基硅烷、二丙基甲氧基乙氧基硅烷、丙基丁基二甲氧基硅烷、丙基丁基二乙氧基硅烷、二丁基甲氧基乙氧基硅烷、二丁基甲氧基丙氧基硅烷、二丁基乙氧基丙氧基硅烷等,其中,优选甲基二甲氧基硅烷、甲基二乙氧基硅烷。
上述水解产物例如可以利用在酸催化剂、水、有机溶剂的存在下将选自上述烷氧基硅烷(i)~(iii)中的1种或2种以上硅烷水解的方法来制备。
关于酸催化剂,有机酸、无机酸均可使用。作为无机酸,可以使用硫酸、磷酸、硝酸、盐酸等,其中,优选磷酸、硝酸。作为有机酸,可以使用蚁酸、草酸、富马酸、马来酸、冰醋酸、醋酸酐、丙酸、正丁酸等羧酸及具有含硫的酸残基的有机酸。作为具有含硫的酸残基的有机酸,可列举出有机磺酸等,作为它们的酯化物,可列举出有机硫酸酯、有机亚硫酸酯等。其中,特别优选有机磺酸,例如下述通式(5)表示的化合物。
R13-X(5)
[上述式(5)中,R13为可以具有取代基的烃基,X为磺酸基。]
上述通式(5)中,作为R13的烃基优选为碳数1~20的烃基。该烃基可以是饱和烃基,也可以是不饱和烃基,可以为直链状、支链状、环状的任一种。R13的烃基为环状时,优选例如苯基、萘基、蒽基等芳香族烃基,其中,优选苯基。该芳香族烃基中的芳香环上可以键合1个或多个作为取代基的碳数1~20的烃基。作为该芳香环上的取代基的烃基可以是饱和烃基,也可以是不饱和烃基,可以为直链状、支链状、环状中的任一种。另外,作为R13的烃基可以具有1个或多个取代基,作为该取代基,可列举出例如氟原子等卤原子、磺酸基、羧基、羟基、氨基、氰基等。
上述酸催化剂作为在水存在下将烷氧基硅烷水解时的催化剂起作用,优选调节所使用的酸催化剂的量使得其在水解反应的反应体系中的浓度达到1~1000ppm、尤其是5~800ppm的范围。由于硅氧烷聚合物的水解率随着水的添加量而变化,因此水的添加量根据想要获得的水解率来决定。
水解反应的反应体系中的有机溶剂可以列举出例如:甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇(IPA)、正丁醇之类的一元醇,甲基-3-甲氧基丙酸酯、乙基-3-乙氧基丙酸酯之类的烷基羧酸酯,乙二醇、二乙二醇、丙二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、己三醇等多元醇,乙二醇单甲基醚、乙二醇单乙基醚、乙二醇单丙基醚、乙二醇单丁基醚、二乙二醇单甲基醚、二乙二醇单乙基醚、二乙二醇单丙基醚、二乙二醇单丁基醚、丙二醇单甲基醚、丙二醇单乙基醚、丙二醇单丙基醚、丙二醇单丁基醚等多元醇的单醚类或它们的单乙酸酯类,醋酸甲酯、醋酸乙酯、醋酸丁酯之类的酯类,丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基异戊基酮之类的酮类,乙二醇二甲基醚、乙二醇二乙基醚、乙二醇二丙基醚、乙二醇二丁基醚、丙二醇二甲基醚、丙二醇二乙基醚、二乙二醇二甲基醚、二乙二醇二乙基醚、二乙二醇甲基乙基醚之类的将多元醇的羟基全部烷基醚化而得的多元醇醚类等。这些有机溶剂可以单独使用,也可以组合使用2种以上。
通过在这样的反应体系中使烷氧基硅烷发生水解反应,从而得到硅氧烷聚合物。该水解反应通常在5~100小时左右内完成,为了缩短反应时间,优选在不超过80℃的温度范围内加热。
反应结束后,得到包含所合成的硅氧烷聚合物和反应中使用的有机溶剂的反应溶液。硅氧烷聚合物可以通过利用现有公知的方法与有机溶剂分离并进行干燥而得到。
<SiO2微粒>
关于SiO2微粒的大小,优选使平均粒径为1μm以下。作为SiO2微粒的具体例,可列举出气相二氧化硅(fumedsilica)等。
(B)掺杂剂成分
掺杂剂成分(B)是通常用作掺杂剂的化合物。掺杂剂成分(B)是包含III族(13族)或V族(15族)元素的化合物的N型或P型的掺杂剂成分,能够在半导体基板内形成N型或P型的杂质扩散层(杂质扩散区域)。作为掺杂剂成分(B)中所含的V族元素的化合物,可列举出例如:P2O5、磷酸二丁酯、磷酸三丁酯、磷酸单乙酯、磷酸二乙酯、磷酸三乙酯、磷酸单丙酯、磷酸二丙酯等磷酸酯,Bi2O3、Sb(OCH2CH3)3、SbCl3、H3AsO4、As(OC4H9)3等。掺杂剂成分(B)的浓度根据在半导体基板上形成的杂质扩散层的层厚等进行适当调节。另外,作为III族的掺杂剂成分(B),可列举出B2O3、Al2O3、三氯化镓等。
关于杂质的扩散效果,硅化合物(A)的配合量和掺杂剂成分(B)的配合量的平衡很重要,尤其在将硅化合物(A)和掺杂剂成分(B)的配合量的总重量设为100%的情况下,硅化合物(A)的配合量的比率在50~90%且掺杂剂成分(B)的配合比率在10~50%的范围时,能够得到良好的扩散效果。
(C)非掺杂剂金属成分
非掺杂剂金属成分(C)是在扩散剂组合物中作为杂质(污染物)含有的不需要的金属成分,例如包含在硅化合物(A)等原材料中并在纯化工序中无法除去而残留下来的金属成分。作为非掺杂剂金属成分(C),可列举出例如Na、Ca、Cu、Ni、Cr等。这些非掺杂剂金属成分(C)中,Na的含量相对于组合物整体小于60ppb,优选小于20ppb。
本实施方式的扩散剂组合物可以进一步含有表面活性剂(D)、溶剂成分(E)、添加剂作为其它成分。通过含有表面活性剂(D),能够提高涂布性、平坦化性、展开性,能够减少涂布后形成的扩散剂组合物层的涂布不均的发生。作为这样的表面活性剂(D)成分,可以使用现有公知的成分,优选硅酮系表面活性剂。另外,优选的是,相对于扩散剂组合物整体,以100~10000质量ppm、优选300~5000质量ppm、更优选500~3000质量ppm的范围包含表面活性剂(D)成分。进而,在表面活性剂(D)成分为2000质量ppm以下时,扩散处理后的扩散剂组合物层的剥离性优异,因此更为优选。表面活性剂(D)成分可以单独使用,也可以组合使用。
溶剂成分(E)没有特别限定,可列举出例如:甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丁醇等醇类,丙酮、二乙基酮、甲基乙基酮等酮类,醋酸甲酯、醋酸乙酯、醋酸丁酯等酯类,丙二醇、甘油、二丙二醇等多元醇,二丙二醇二甲基醚、乙二醇二甲基醚、乙二醇二乙基醚、丙二醇二甲基醚、丙二醇二乙基醚等醚类,乙二醇单甲基醚、乙二醇单乙基醚、丙二醇单甲基醚、丙二醇单乙基醚、二丙二醇单甲基醚等单醚系二醇类,四氢呋喃、二噁烷等环状醚类,丙二醇单甲基醚乙酸酯、丙二醇单乙基醚乙酸酯等醚系酯类。
为了调节扩散剂组合物的粘度等特性,根据需要添加添加剂。作为添加剂,可列举出聚丙二醇等。
(杂质扩散层的形成方法及太阳能电池的制造方法)
参照图1的(A)~图1的(D)及图2的(A)~图2的(D),对杂质扩散层的形成方法和具备利用该方法形成有杂质扩散层的半导体基板的太阳能电池的制造方法进行说明,所述杂质扩散层的形成方法包括以下工序:在N型的半导体基板上涂布或印刷含有N型的掺杂剂成分(B)的上述扩散剂组合物而形成图案的工序;和使扩散剂组合物中的掺杂剂成分(B)扩散到半导体基板中的工序。图1的(A)~图1的(D)及图2的(A)~图2的(D)是用于说明包含实施方式的杂质扩散层的形成方法的太阳能电池的制造方法的工序剖面图。
首先,如图1的(A)所示,准备硅基板等N型的半导体基板1。然后,如图1的(B)所示,使用公知的湿式蚀刻法在半导体基板1的一个主表面上形成具有微细的凹凸结构的纹理部1a。利用该纹理部1a防止半导体基板1表面的光的反射。接着,如图1的(C)所示,在半导体基板1的纹理部1a侧的主表面上涂布含有P型的掺杂剂成分(B)的上述扩散剂组合物2。
利用自旋法(spinonmethod)将扩散剂组合物2涂布在半导体基板1的表面。即,使用任意的旋转涂布装置,将扩散剂组合物2旋转涂布在半导体基板1的表面。由此形成杂质扩散剂层后,使用烘箱等公知的手段使涂布的扩散剂组合物2干燥。
然后,如图1的(D)所示,将涂布有扩散剂组合物2的半导体基板1载置在电炉内进行烧成。烧成后,在电炉内使扩散剂组合物2中的P型的掺杂剂成分(B)从半导体基板1的表面向半导体基板1内扩散。另外,也可以代替电炉而利用惯用的激光照射对半导体基板1进行加热。由此,使P型的掺杂剂成分(B)扩散到半导体基板1内,形成P型杂质扩散层3。
接着,如图2的(A)所示,利用公知的蚀刻法除去扩散剂组合物2。然后,如图2的(B)所示,使用公知的化学气相沉积法(CVD法)、例如等离子体CVD法,在半导体基板1的纹理部1a侧的主表面上形成由氮化硅膜(SiN膜)形成的钝化膜4。该钝化膜4也作为防反射膜起作用。
接着,如图2的(C)所示,通过丝网印刷例如银(Ag)糊剂,在半导体基板1的钝化膜4侧的主表面将表面电极5图案化。表面电极5以提高太阳能电池的效率的方式形成图案。另外,通过丝网印刷例如铝(Al)糊剂,在半导体基板1的另一个主表面形成背面电极6。
接着,如图2的(D)所示,将形成有背面电极6的半导体基板1载置在电炉内进行烧成后,使形成背面电极6的铝扩散到半导体基板1内。由此,能够减小背面电极6侧的电阻。通过以上工序,能够制造本实施方式的太阳能电池10。
本发明不限定于上述实施方式,可以根据本领域技术人员的知识进行各种设计变更等变形,这样的进行了变形的实施方式也包含在本发明的范围内。通过组合上述实施方式和以下的变形例而获得的新的实施方式同时具有所组合的实施方式及变形例的各自的效果。
上述实施方式的扩散剂组合物也可以用于自旋法、喷涂法、喷墨印刷法、辊涂印刷法、丝网印刷法、凸版印刷法、凹版印刷法、胶版印刷法等印刷法中。
实施例
以下,对本发明的实施例进行说明,但这些实施例仅是用于更好地说明本发明的例示,对本发明没有任何限定作用。
(扩散剂组合物)
将实施例1~3及比较例1的扩散剂组合物的各成分及含量示于表1。
[表1]
表1中,有机硅氧烷(a)是下述化学式表示的硅化合物。
[化学式2]
作为表1中所述的Si系表面活性剂,使用SF8421EG(东丽道康宁公司制造)。另外,表1中的缩写表示以下的化合物。
DPGM:二丙二醇单甲基醚
对于实施例1、比较例1~3的扩散剂组合物中所含的非掺杂剂金属成分(C),使用原子吸光分光光度计(日立制作所Z-2000)进行测定。将非掺杂剂金属成分(C)的含量的测定结果示于表2。另外,利用原子吸光分光光度计(日立制作所Z-2000)测定的测定限度为20ppb。表2中,不等号“<”表示检测量小于检测限。另外,实施例1、比较例1~3中,使用磷酸二丁酯作为掺杂剂成分(B)。Na的含量通过调节磷酸二丁酯的纯化度(degreeofpurification)来调节。
<薄层电阻值的评价>
对实施例、比较例的各扩散剂组合物评价其扩散性能。另外,通过测定薄层电阻值来评价扩散性能。通常,薄层电阻值越小,扩散能力视为越高。以下示出评价薄层电阻值的具体方法。
使用实施例1、比较例1~3的扩散剂组合物,分别利用旋涂法涂布在P型Si基板(面方位<100>、电阻率5~15Ω·cm)上。涂布在Si基板上的扩散剂组合物的膜厚为约在100℃、200℃下实施各1分钟的预烘焙后,使用加热炉(KOYOTHERMOSYSTEMSCO.,LTD.制造VF-1000)在氮气氛围下在950℃下进行30分钟加热。其后,将Si基板在5%HF水溶液中浸渍10分钟,去除基板表面的氧化膜。另外,对于实施例1、比较例1~3,分别制作2个试样。利用4探针法(国际电气制造VR-70)对各试样测定5处的薄层电阻值,实施例1、比较例1~3中分别得到共计10点的薄层电阻值后,算出这10点的平均值。将由此得到的薄层电阻值的平均值示于表2中。
[表2]
如表2所示,与作为非掺杂剂金属成分(C)而含有的Na的含量为60~1000ppb的比较例1~3相比,作为非掺杂剂金属成分(C)而含有的Na的含量小于60ppb的实施例1中,确认到薄层电阻值急剧减少。由于Na以外的任意元素也小于检测限,因此认为Na的含量对薄层电阻值的改善有很大的帮助。
产业上的可利用性
本发明可以适用于与扩散剂组合物及杂质扩散层相关的领域中。
符号说明
1半导体基板、1a纹理部、2扩散剂组合物、3P型杂质扩散层、4钝化膜、5表面电极、6背面电极、10太阳能电池。
Claims (9)
1.一种扩散剂组合物,其特征在于,其是用于向半导体基板扩散掺杂剂成分的扩散剂组合物,其含有:
硅化合物(A)、
掺杂剂成分(B)、和
非掺杂剂金属成分(C),
其中,作为所述非掺杂剂金属成分(C)而含有的Na的含量相对于组合物整体小于20ppb。
2.根据权利要求1所述的扩散剂组合物,其中,所述掺杂剂成分(B)含有III族元素或V族元素的化合物。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的扩散剂组合物,其中,所述硅化合物(A)是选自SiO2微粒、及将下述通式(1)表示的烷氧基硅烷水解而得到的反应产物中的至少1种,
式(1)中,R1为氢原子、烷基、或芳基,R2为烷基或芳基,m表示0、1、或2的整数,存在多个R1时,多个R1可以相同也可以不同,存在多个(OR2)时,多个(OR2)可以相同也可以不同。
4.根据权利要求1所述的扩散剂组合物,其还含有表面活性剂(D)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的扩散剂组合物,其还含有溶剂成分(E)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的扩散剂组合物,所述掺杂剂成分(B)为磷酸酯。
7.一种杂质扩散层的形成方法,其特征在于,包括以下工序:
在半导体基板上涂布权利要求1所述的扩散剂组合物而形成扩散层的工序;和
使所述扩散剂组合物的掺杂剂成分(B)扩散到所述半导体基板中的扩散工序。
8.根据权利要求7所述的杂质扩散层的形成方法,其中,所述扩散层的形成工序包括印刷扩散剂组合物而形成图案的图案形成工序。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的杂质扩散层的形成方法,其中,所述半导体基板被用于太阳能电池。
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WO2013125252A1 (ja) * | 2012-02-23 | 2013-08-29 | 日立化成株式会社 | 不純物拡散層形成組成物、不純物拡散層付き半導体基板の製造方法及び太陽電池素子の製造方法 |
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