The concentration equipment of metallics and method in a kind of sorting house refuse
Technical field
The invention belongs to house refuse mechanical sorting technical field, relate to a kind of concentration equipment for separating of metallics in house refuse.
The invention still further relates to the method utilizing said apparatus to carry out sorting.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of urbanization; the amount of clearing of China's domestic waste in 2009 has reached 1.65 hundred million tons; China about has the city of more than 65% to be absorbed in the predicament in house refuse besieged city; house refuse not only affects urban look; and have a strong impact on the healthy of people, domestic garbage resource, minimizing, the innoxious important issue having become city environmental protection.At present, the processing method of house refuse comprises burning, landfill, compost etc.Because China's domestic waste moisture is high, composition is complicated, particle size differences is large, often containing thick rubbish and can not Composting material.These materials directly affect the normal operation of refuse treatment plant, reduce the dischargeable capacity of fermentation cabin, and make compost be difficult to reach innoxious requirement, thus affect the quality of composting production, therefore must carry out efficient separation to meet subsequent treatment needs.
Traditional refuse classification mainly relies on rubbish source to classify and manual sorting, and the method depends on the raising of social environment consciousness, and labour intensity is large, and production environment is severe, and separating effect is undesirable.Along with the progress of mechanization, house refuse mechanical sorting comes into one's own day by day.Rubbish mechanical sorting mode mainly contains cylinder screening, pneumatic separating, waterpower sorting, metal magnetic separation etc., because mechanical sorting technology is still immature, screenings after sorting contains the inert substances such as more masonry, glass, rubber, and the poisonous and harmful substance that battery, lighter etc. contain old metal cannot effectively be separated, affect subsequent treatment effect, easily cause secondary pollution.
The magnetic separating of house refuse is a kind of method that the magnetic field produced by magnetic plant makes ferromagnetic material Component seperation.When in rubbish, different component is by magnetic field, the particle that magnetic is stronger is adsorbed on the magnetic plant in generation magnetic field, and weak magnetic and non-magnetic particle will be transferred equipment and take away or drop in presumptive area by self gravitation (or centrifugal force) effect, thus complete magnetic separation process.Due to the ferromagnetic material in China's house refuse, if battery, lighter etc. are containing harmful substances such as heavy metals, pop can, old metal etc. are the recyclable resources being difficult to degrade, therefore by mechanical magnetic separation, ferromagnetic material is separated, can realize the dual purpose of secondary pollution control and resource circulation utilization, be the needs of environment sustainable development.But, the magnetic plant of conventional garbage process can only sub-elect the metal of the big-and-middle-sized particle of part, effective sorting of granule metal, semimetal, battery, lighter, bottle cap etc. cannot be solved, the polluting wastes such as callable lighter, battery enter the treatment and finishing section such as compost or landfill with material, cause the serious wasting of resources and secondary pollution.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of concentration equipment for separating of metallics in house refuse and method, to realize effective separation of metallics in house refuse, reduce secondary pollution, improve the defect existed in known technology.
For achieving the above object, house refuse magnetic sorting apparatus provided by the invention, its primary structure comprises:
The sorting unit that two nested structures are identical, every suit sorting unit structure is:
The both sides at top are respectively garbage inlet and waste outlet;
Garbage inlet place is provided with feed belt, and the below of feed belt offers metal discharging opening, and the below of this metal discharging opening is provided with metal splicing belt;
Waste material mouth connects waste material belt, and this waste material belt connects material discharging opening respectively and material exports belt;
One electromagnetic separator, is arranged on the top of sorting unit inside;
One magnetic separation belt, is looped around on the outer ring of this electromagnetic separator;
The below of electromagnetic separator is provided with commutation bounce-back belt;
Feed belt and magnetic separation belt, the rebound traffic direction of belt of commutating are parallel;
The metal outfeed belt of two cover sorting units is connected to a commutation magnetic separation belt respectively;
Described two commutation magnetic separation belts are all positioned at the top of a magnetic separation line belt;
Magnetic separation line belt connects magnetic pulley sieve.
Described house refuse magnetic sorting apparatus, wherein, commutation magnetic separation belt is installed on above metal outfeed belt to be located, and it is the roller bearing of magnet that the support upper and lower of commutation magnetic separation belt respectively installs two middle parts, commutation magnetic separation belt is vertical with metal outfeed belt, and parallel with magnetic separation line belt.
Described house refuse magnetic sorting apparatus, wherein, the speed of commutation magnetic separation belt is 1 ~ 2m/s.
Described house refuse magnetic sorting apparatus, wherein, on the magnetic separation belt of commutation magnetic separation belt, compartment of terrain is horizontally installed with prismatic magnetic rubber strip.
Described house refuse magnetic sorting apparatus, wherein, magnetic pulley sieve is two-stage, and the mesh size that the first order magnetic pulley be connected with magnetic separation line belt sieves is greater than the mesh size that second level magnetic pulley sieves; Magnetic pulley sieve is installed into horizontal by 1 ~ 8 degree.
Described house refuse magnetic sorting apparatus, wherein, the feed belt of sorting unit is horizontal by 5 ~ 20 degree, and outfeed belt is 5 ~ 20 degree, and it is 10 ~ 30 degree that material exports belt.
Described house refuse magnetic sorting apparatus, wherein, the top of sorting unit is provided with foul smell delivery outlet, and is connected with blower fan.
Provided by the inventionly above-mentioned house refuse magnetic sorting apparatus is utilized to carry out the method for metallics in sorting house refuse:
The ferromagnetic material that two cover sorting units sub-elect from house refuse merges under the effect of commutation magnetic-separation belt conveyor, and enter magnetic pulley sieve, the masonry sub-elected in house refuse, glass substance enter landfill yard through waste material belt;
Metallics after magnetic separation sieves through two-stage rotary screen, obtains varigrained ferromagnetic material respectively, realizes resource recycling.
Described method, wherein, the foul gas produced in sorting unit in assorting room is discharged by foul smell delivery outlet.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) electromagnetism is separated by the present invention, material commutates bounce-back, gravity separation, material sieving technology organically combine, magnetic-separation belt conveyor and rotary screen is connected successively after sorting unit, this combination has carried out categorised collection to different grain size, ferromagnetic material of different nature, really achieves the meticulous sorting of ferromagnetic materials;
(2) this device is desirable to the ferromagnetic material separating effect of different-grain diameter, the ferromagnetic materials such as the pop can of more than 96%, battery, lighter, bottle cap can be separated with rubbish, reduces heavy metal pollution, improves subsequent product quality;
(3) this device is provided with odor collection system, reduces the secondary pollution discharges such as foul gas;
(4) this device is combined by A, B two-wire, and compact conformation is reasonable, simple structure, floor space are little, is easy to processing and manufacturing.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is general flow chart of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is sorting unit schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is magnetic separation belt schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is rotary screen schematic diagram of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1 sorting unit; 2 metal outfeed belts; 3 commutation magnetic-separation belt conveyors; 4 magnetic separation line belts; 5 magnetic pulley sieves; 6 waste material line belts; 7 garbage inlets; 8 feed belts; 9 electromagnetic separators; 10 magnetic separation belts; 11 commutation bounce-back belt feeders; 12 metal discharging openings; 13 waste outlets; 14 material outlets; 15 materials export belt; 16 roller bearings; 17 permanent magnets; 18 magnetic separation belts; 19 baffle plates; 20 discharge ducts.
Detailed description of the invention
The one that the present invention proposes is used for the fine-sorted magnetic separation combination unit of house refuse essence, it is characterized in that:
Apparatus of the present invention are made up of sorting unit, commutation magnetic-separation belt conveyor, magnetic pulley sieve, magnetic separation line belt, waste material line belt etc.House refuse is overlapped sorting unit through A line and B line two and is carried out refuse classification, the ferromagnetic material that wherein A line sub-elects sieves after the ferromagnetic material that magnetic separation line sub-elects with B line under the effect of commutation magnetic-separation belt conveyor merges, and inert substance such as residue masonry, glass etc. enters landfill yard through waste material line belt.Metallics after magnetic separation sieves through two-stage magnetic pulley, obtains the ferromagnetic material of different-diameter and granularity respectively, carries out resource recycling.
Further, described sorting unit is upper and lower double-layer structure, is provided with electromagnetic separator, and is connected with magnetic-separation belt conveyor apart from device top 1/5 ~ 1/3 At The Height; Apart from device top 2/5 ~ 2/3 At The Height, material commutation bounce-back belt is installed.When material is after feed belt machine carry over score screening device, enter commutator and change its direction of motion, deliver to oblique angle conveyer belt from certain altitude, be separated with the material of conveyer belt generation elastic collision, as masonry, footwear, rubber etc., deliver to waste material line landfill stabilization by output belt feeder.The rubbish that the residue content of organic matter is higher exports belt feeder by material and delivers to follow-up composting device.Ferromagnetic material enters magnetic separation line through metal splicing belt feeder under the acting in conjunction of electromagnetic separator and magnetic separation belt.
Further, described sorting unit charging aperture is positioned at device top, and metal discharging opening is positioned at immediately below charging aperture; The waste material delivery outlet of opposite side is positioned in the middle part of device, and material delivery outlet is positioned at immediately below waste material delivery outlet.Wherein, feed belt is horizontal by 5 ~ 20 degree, and outfeed belt is 5 ~ 20 degree, and material exports belt 15 in 10 ~ 30 degree.
Further, described sorting unit top is provided with foul smell delivery outlet, and is connected with blower fan, for the real-time collecting of foul gas in assorting room, reduces secondary pollution discharge.
Further, described commutation magnetic-separation belt conveyor is made up of magnet, conveyer belt, roller bearing, motor, support etc., 30 ~ 60cm place above the metal splicing belt being installed on sorting unit.The support of magnetic-separation belt conveyor respectively installs 2 roller bearings up and down, and upper and lower roller bearing diameter proportion is 1: 2 ~ 1: 10; Be large-scale magnet (permanent magnet or electromagnet) in the middle part of roller bearing, magnetic separation belt is vertical with outfeed belt, parallel with magnetic separation line belt.Belt for magnetic separator speed is 1 ~ 2m/s.
Further, on the magnetic separation belt of described commutation magnetic-separation belt conveyor, interval 5 ~ 30cm is horizontally installed with six prismatic magnetic rubber strips, and magnetic stripe design is more conducive to the absorption of small particle diameter magnetic material and trapping, effectively improves efficiency of magnetic separation.
Further, described rotary screen is made up of shell, belt pulley, bar shaped screen cloth, support, baffle plate, engine.Mixing through elementary magnetic separation is ferromagnetic selects material, brings rotary screen into through magnetic separation line belt, and rotary screen rotates with 0.2 ~ 0.8m/s speed under belt pulley drives, and varigrained material is collected after screening.
Further, the mesh size of described two-stage rotary screen is respectively 5 ~ 10cm and 2 ~ 5cm, and rotary screen is horizontal by 1 ~ 8 degree.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is illustrated in greater detail.
The ferromagnetism composting of house refuse after sorting unit 1 sorting on A road acts on further magnetic separation through commutation magnetic-separation belt conveyor 3 under the conveying of metal outfeed belt 2, the mixing of materials of isolated ferromagnetic material after magnetic separation line belt 4 with the magnetic separation of B road enters magnetic pulley and sieves 5 and carry out two-stage screening, after screening, residue inert material carries out landfill disposal through waste material line belt 6, thus realizes meticulous magnetic separation.
A specific embodiment is as follows:
The destructor plant for the treatment of capacity 1,200 ten thousand ton per day, house refuse enters sorting unit 1 through charging aperture 7 under the conveying of feed belt 8, this sorting unit height 6m, electromagnetic separator 9 and magnetic separation belt 10 are positioned at device 5.5 meters of eminences, and vertical lower 1 meter of is commutation bounce-back belt 11.Garbage inlet 7 is horizontal by 10 degree of angles, and feed belt 8 is wide is 160cm, and metal discharging opening 12 is positioned at immediately below charging aperture 7, and the wide 80cm of metal splicing belt 2, direction and feed belt are 90 degree.Rubbish is after magnetic separation and commutation bounce-back sorting, and the hard-degraded substances such as masonry, glass, footwear, rubber are delivered to waste material line through waste outlet 13, and waste outlet 13 is horizontal by 10 degree.Wherein masonry is used as construction material or landfill, and glass, rubber-like material recycling, waste material line belt 6 is wide is 80cm.Remain the higher material of the content of organic matter after sorting and deliver to follow-up fermentation warehouse through material outlet 14 through material output belt 15, the metallics sub-elected is transported to commutation magnetic-separation belt conveyor 3 through metal discharging opening 12 by metal outfeed belt 2 and carries out degree of depth sorting.Ferromagnetic material on metal outfeed belt 2 is adsorbed on the magnetic separation belt 18 of the permanent magnet 17 lower magnetic section between roller bearing 16, and moves to one end with magnetic separation belt 18.When magnetic separation belt 18 leaves magnetic area, ferromagnetic material will split away off under gravity and enter magnetic separation line.Magnetic separation belt 18 is wide is 80cm, and the speed of magnetic separation belt 18 is no more than 1m/s, and permanent magnet 17 should be less than 50cm apart from the height of sorted material.
House refuse through sorting unit 1 and commutation magnetic separation belt 3 be separated sorting after, ferromagnetic material containing higher metal enters magnetic pulley sieve 5 under magnetic separation line belt 4 drives, magnetic pulley sieve 5 is divided into secondary, wherein first order rotary screen is bar shaped screen hole, sieve aperture spacing is 10cm, and be mainly used in larger the metallicses such as sorting pop can, second level rotary screen is also bar shaped screen hole, sieve aperture spacing is 3cm, is mainly used in the poisonous and hazardous ferromagnetic materials such as sorting bottle cap, lighter.Magnetic pulley sieve 5 is horizontal by 2 degree of angles, and discharge end is provided with baffle plate 19, is convenient to material collection.The foul gas produced in assorting room is delivered to odor treatment device through discharge duct 20, reduces secondary pollution discharge.
House refuse is after sorting unit sorting of the present invention, and the metal species magnetisable material efficiency of separation is 98%, and wherein the bulk metal sorting substances efficiency such as pop can is 100%, and bottle cap, the lighter efficiency of separation are 99%.Meanwhile, the hard-degraded substances such as masonry, footwear, glass are also effectively separated, and the material content of organic matter is increased to more than 65%, is conducive to the raising of the follow-up compost treatment of rubbish and quality of compost products.