CN102946945B - 高效超声聚焦 - Google Patents
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Abstract
可以通过组合靶组织的知识和/或具有焦点测量的聚焦布置改善超声聚焦。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2010年4月28日提交的序列号为12/769,059的美国专利申请的优先权和权益,上述申请的完整公开内容通过引用在此被合并于本文中。
技术领域
本发明大体上涉及用于超声聚焦的系统和方法。特别地,各实施例涉及聚焦超声换能器元件的定相阵列的高效方法,其使用基于模型的计算和焦点品质的测量来调节换能器元件的相对相位。
背景技术
聚焦超声(即,具有大于大约20千赫的频率的声波)可以用于成像或治疗患者身体内部组织。例如,超声波可以用于消融肿瘤,不需要患者经历有创手术。为此,压电陶瓷换能器置于患者的外部,但是紧靠待消融的组织(“靶”)。换能器将电驱动信号转换成机械振动,导致发射声波(该过程在下文中被称为“声处理”)。换能器可以成形为使得波在焦点区域中会聚。备选地或附加地,换能器可以由多个单独驱动的换能器元件形成,所述换能器元件的相位(和可选地,幅度)均可以彼此独立地进行控制,并且因此,可以被设置成导致焦点区域中的单独的声波的结构干涉。这样的“定相阵列”换能器便于通过调节换能器之间的相对相位将焦点区域转向到不同位置,并且通常换能器元件的数量越大,提供的焦点品质和分辨率越高。磁共振成像(MRI)可以用于可视化焦点和靶以便引导超声束。
换能器元件为了聚焦在靶位处而需要被驱动到的相对相位取决于换能器表面和靶的相对位置和取向,以及它们之间的一个或多个组织(即,“靶组织”)的尺寸和声学材料性质(例如声速)。因此,在已知几何关系和声学材料性质的情况下,可以计算相对相位(和可选地,幅度),例如在美国专利第6,612,988号(于2000年12月15日提交),第6,770,031号(于2002年8月26日提交),和第7,344,509号(于2004年4月9日提交),以及美国专利申请第12/425,698号(于2009年4月17日提交)中所述。然而实际上,这些参数的知识往往非常不完整也非常不精确以致于不能单独基于相对相位的计算进行高品质聚焦。例如,当超声聚焦到脑中以治疗肿瘤时,声路径中的颅骨可能导致不容易确定的像差。在这样的情况下,在治疗之前典型地进行自动聚焦程序,其中迭代地,在靶或附近生成超声焦点,测量焦点的品质(例如使用热成像或声辐射力成像(ARFI)),并且使用实验反馈来调节换能器元件的相位以获得足够的焦点品质。
该程序中的声处理的数量典型地是单独控制的换能器元件的数量的至少三倍,并且可能需要更多的声处理以克服测量噪声。自动聚焦程序可能因此耗费相当多的时间,这可能使它对于患者不切实际,或者至少不方便。此外,在自动聚焦声处理期间,超声能量不可避免地沉积到靶上和靶周围的组织中,对健康组织可能造成损害。尽管可以通过利用只需要低的声强度的成像技术(例如ARFI)最小化治疗前的声处理的影响,但是通常期望限制治疗前的声处理的数量。因此,需要聚焦换能器元件的定相阵列的更高效方式以产生高品质超声焦点。
发明内容
本发明在各实施例中通过基于下列的组合调节换能器元件的定相阵列的相位(可选地,和幅度)提供用于聚焦超声的系统和方法:(i)关于换能器表面和靶之间的相对位置和/或取向、靶组织的尺寸和/或声学材料性质和/或从这些参数导出的任何量的先验知识(在下文中被统称为“声处理模型”),和(ii)关于焦点品质的实验反馈。使用焦点测量来调节换能器元件相比于纯计算方法可以改善焦点品质,同时利用基于声处理模型的计算可以减小声处理的数量(并且因此减少获得指定焦点品质所需的时间和能量)。
在一些实施例中,换能器元件被分组成子阵列,并且为了实验相位调节,每个子阵列作为单元件被处理。这样的分组减小可单独控制的元件的数量,并且因此减少优化时间和能量。尽管一般而言更少的元件导致更低的分辨率和因此更低的焦点品质,但是通过基于声处理模型的“智能分组”可以避免或最小化该不利影响(例如基于来自子阵列的超声在靶组织界面(即,靶组织的外表面或靶组织的多个层之间的界面)上的入射角)。智能分组涉及在可能需要更精细调节的区域中保持阵列分辨率(即,每个单位面积的可单独控制的元件的数量)高。
在一些实施例中,形成靶组织的模型,并且在一个或多个可变模型参数中俘获该模型中的不确定性(例如关于某些几何或材料参数的值的不确定性)。然后在期望包括未知真实参数值的范围上离散地变化模型参数,并且对于参数值的每个离散集合,为指定的聚焦靶计算换能器元件的相位(和幅度),相应地驱动换能器,并且测量最后产生的焦点品质。产生最佳焦点的参数值的集合被采用,并且随后可以用于为靶的治疗声处理计算换能器元件相对相位。通常,相比于没有先验知识的自动聚焦所需的数量的较少声处理将足以找到导致可接受的焦点品质的模型参数值的近似。
在第一方面中,根据各实施例,一种将超声换能器元件的定相阵列聚焦到靶组织中的方法包括基于声处理模型将换能器元件分组成子阵列,并且确定每个子阵列内的换能器元件的相对相位。此外,所述方法包括在相应的相对相位驱动所述子阵列的换能器元件以生成子焦点,确定所述子焦点是否结构干涉,并且如果不是,则调节所述换能器元件的相位以导致所述子焦点的结构干涉。
所述声处理模型可以包括指示所述定相阵列和所述靶组织之间的相对布置的几何参数;靶焦点位置;和/或所述靶组织的一个或多个材料参数和/或几何参数,其可以通过使用例如MRI或计算机断层摄影的测量获得。分组可以基于从所述换能器元件发射的超声在靶组织界面上的入射角。可以基于所述声处理模型计算,和/或可以通过驱动子阵列的换能器元件从而生成子焦点、测量所述子焦点的品质并且调节相对相位以改善所述子焦点的品质而用实验确定子阵列内的换能器元件的相对相位。
确定所述子焦点是否结构干涉可以包括确定所述子焦点是否同相和/或它们是否同定位。如果所述子焦点不同相,则可以通过将相等幅度的相移施加到每个子阵列内的换能器元件并且将施加到相应子阵列的相移选择成使所述子焦点同相而调节所述换能器元件的相位。如果所述子焦点不同定位,则调节所述换能器元件的相位可以包括在每个子阵列的换能器元件上施加相位梯度,从而同定位所述子焦点。在一些实施例中,确定所述子焦点是否结构干涉包括例如通过使用磁共振声辐射力成像(MR-ARFI)测量与全焦点(globalfocus)关联的组织位移而测量由所述子焦点形成的全焦点的品质。
在第二方面中,各实施例提供一种使用包括一个或多个模型参数(例如声速)的靶组织的模型将超声的定相阵列聚焦到靶组织中的方法。所述方法对于所述(一个或多个)模型参数的多个值的集合的每一个,包括以下步骤:(至少部分地)基于所述模型和所述靶组织中的靶焦点位置计算所述换能器元件的相对相位,在所述计算出的相对相位驱动所述换能器元件,从而在所述靶焦点位置处生成超声焦点,以及测量所述焦点的品质(例如通过使用ARFI测量与所述焦点关联的组织位移)。在所述多个值的集合中,选择与最高焦点品质关联的集合。然后可以在相对相位下驱动所述换能器元件,所述相对相位是基于所述模型、所述选定模型参数值的集合和所述靶焦点的位置计算的。
所述方法还包括例如通过测量所述靶组织的材料性质和/或几何特性(例如使用MRI或计算机断层摄影)获得所述靶组织的模型的步骤。在一些实施例中,所述模型包括多个模型参数,并且所述值的集合的每一个包括所述模型参数的每一个的值。在其它实施例中,所述模型包括单模型参数,并且所述值的集合的每一个包括所述单模型参数的值。
在第三方面中,各实施例涉及一种使用声处理模型将超声聚焦到靶组织中的系统。所述系统包括用于在所述靶组织中生成超声焦点的超声换能器元件的定相阵列,用于成像所述超声焦点的系统(例如MRI系统),以及与所述MRI系统和所述换能器元件的定相阵列通信的控制装置。所述控制装置被配置成接收与所述声处理模型关联的数据,至少部分地基于所述数据计算所述换能器元件的相对相位,在所述相对相位驱动所述换能器元件,从而生成所述超声焦点,并且至少部分地基于所述超声焦点的图像调节所述相对相位,从而改善所述超声焦点。
在一些实施例中,所述控制装置被配置成将所述换能器元件分组成子阵列并且计算每个子阵列内的所述换能器元件的相对相位。此外,所述控制装置可以被配置成调节所述相对相位,从而导致由所述子阵列生成的子焦点的结构干涉。
在一些实施例中,所述数据包括所述声处理模型的至少一个模型参数的多个值的集合。所述控制装置可以被配置成计算所述换能器元件的相对相位并且顺序地对于所述(一个或多个)模型参数的所述多个值的集合在所述相对相位驱动所述换能器元件。此外,所述控制装置可以被配置成对于所述多个值的集合的每一个测量所述焦点的品质并且在所述多个值的集合中选择与最高焦点品质关联的集合。
在第三方面中,各实施例涉及一种与成像系统结合使用的超声聚焦系统。所述系统包括用于在靶组织中生成超声焦点的超声换能器元件的定相阵列;以及控制装置,所述控制装置被配置成(i)接收与声处理模型关联的数据,(ii)至少部分地基于所述数据计算所述换能器元件的相对相位,(iii)在所述相对相位驱动所述换能器元件,从而生成所述超声焦点,以及(iv)至少部分地基于由所述成像系统提供的所述超声焦点的图像调节所述相对相位,从而改善所述超声焦点。所述成像系统可以是磁共振成像系统。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明进行详细描述,这将更容易理解前述的内容,其中:
图1是示出了根据各实施例的磁共振引导聚焦超声系统(MRgFUS)的示意图;
图2A-2C示出了根据各实施例的若干磁共振ARFI序列;
图3A是根据一些实施例的超声焦点区域中的材料位移的图像;
图3B是示出焦点中心中的材料位移与单独的换能器元件的相位的关系的曲线图,根据各实施例它可以用于校准方法中;以及
图4是用于脑肿瘤治疗的换能器布置的示意图,示出了根据一个实施例的换能器元件的智能分组;
图5是女性乳房的MR图像,示出了根据一个实施例的与用于乳腺癌治疗的聚焦超声相关的组织性质;
图6A是流程图,示出了根据一个实施例的包括换能器元件的智能分组的超声聚焦方法;以及
图6B是流程图,示出了根据一个实施例的包括用实验确定靶组织模型的参数值的超声聚焦方法。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地示出了根据本发明的各实施例的示例性MRgFUS100。该系统包括超声换能器102,所述超声换能器靠近患者的躯干104布置并且指向患者内部的感兴趣区域(“ROI”)中的靶106。换能器102可以包括可单独控制的换能器元件108的一维或二维阵列(即,排或矩阵)。在其它实施例中,换能器元件108可以以非协调方式布置,即,它们不需要规则地间隔或以规则图案布置。换能器可以具有弯曲(例如球面或抛物线)形状,如图所示,或者可以包括一个或多个平面或其它形状的部段。它的尺寸可以根据不同的应用,在数毫米至数十厘米之间变化。换能器元件108可以是压电陶瓷元件。也可以使用压电复合材料或一般地能够将电能转换成声能的任何材料。为了对元件108之间的机械耦合进行阻尼,它们可以使用硅酮橡胶或任何其它合适的阻尼材料安装在外壳上。
换能器元件108可单独控制,即,它们均能够在与其它换能器的幅度和/或相位无关的幅度和/或相位发射超声波。与阵列通信的控制装置110用于驱动换能器元件108。对于n个换能器元件108,控制装置110可以包含n个控制电路,每个控制电路包括放大器和相位延迟电路并且驱动换能器元件中的一个。控制装置110可以分裂典型地在0.1MHz至4MHz的范围内的射频(RF)输入信号以提供用于n个控制电路的n个通道。控制装置可以被配置成在相同的频率、但是在不同的相位和不同的幅度驱动单独的换能器元件108使得它们共同产生聚焦超声束。控制装置110也可以包括允许换能器元件的子集分组成子阵列并且允许在相同幅度和相位驱动一个子阵列中的元件的附加电路和开关。
控制装置110理想地提供计算功能,所述计算功能可以在软件、硬件、固件、硬接线或它们的任何组合中实现,以计算期望焦点位置所需的相位和幅度。例如,控制装置110可以接收指示相对于超声换能器的期望焦点位置(即,靶)的数据,并且在计算相位中解释每个换能器元件和靶之间的相应距离,和源自各换能器元件的声波的关联传播时间。如果换能器元件相位和在换能器元件和靶之间获得的相位(即,波的频率和传播时间的乘积,以2π为模)的总和对于所有元件是相同的,来自不同换能器元件的波将在靶处结构干涉。由于波的传播时间取决于换能器元件和靶之间的声速(其对于不同组织通常是不同的),因此相位计算可以基于靶组织的模型,所述模型包含关于形成靶组织的各组织层的厚度和声速的信息。
一般而言,控制装置可以包括若干可分离装置,例如频率发生器、包含放大器和相位延迟电路的束成形器、以及为单独的换能器元件108执行相位和幅度的计算并且将其传到(一个或多个)束成形器的计算机(例如通用计算机)。这样的系统容易获得或者可以在不需要过度实验的情况下实现。
MRgFUS100还包括与控制装置110通信的MRI装置。该装置可以包括在其孔腔内生成静态磁场的圆筒形电磁体114。在医疗程序期间,患者可以放置在可移动支撑床台上并置于孔腔的内部,并且定位成使得包含ROI(例如特定器官)的成像区域在磁场大致均匀的区域中。该均匀区域内的磁场强度典型地在大约1.5至大约3.0特斯拉之间。磁场导致氢核自旋对准并且围绕磁场的总体方向进动。围绕成像区域的RF发射器线圈116将RF脉冲发射到成像区域中,导致对准自旋中的一些在暂时高能非对准状态和对准状态之间振荡。该振荡在接收器线圈(可以是、但不必须是发射器线圈116)中感生了RF响应信号,该RF响应信号被称为磁共振(MR)回波或MR响应信号。使用图像处理系统(其可以例如在控制装置110中实现),MR响应信号被放大、调节并且数字化为原始数据,并且由本领域的普通技术人员已知的方法进一步转换成图像数据的阵列。基于图像数据,识别靶106(例如肿瘤)。然后驱动超声换能器102,从而将超声聚焦到治疗区域中(或附近)。
为了确认位置并且测量焦点的品质,可以使用多种基于MR的成像技术中的一种可视化焦点,例如热MRI或MR-ARFI。由于MR-ARFI在对准和核校准程序期间通常需要比其它方法更低的超声能量,并且在实际治疗之前的超声强度应当被最小化以避免损伤靶的外部的组织,因此MR-ARFI通常是优选的。在MR-ARFI中,驱动换能器,从而将超声波脉冲聚焦到身体中的靶或附近。超声波将声辐射压力施加到沿其路径的材料上。在波会聚的焦点处,该压力最高,导致材料在纵向上的暂时局部位移和/或导致径向远离焦点传播的剪切波。因此,超声压力产生了直接反映声场的位移场。可以通过由梯度线圈将瞬时运动或位移敏感磁场梯度施加到成像区域可视化位移场,所述梯度线圈是标准MRI系统的一部分并且典型地靠近圆筒形电磁体114定位。当在这样的梯度存在的情况下施加超声脉冲时,最后产生的位移直接被编码到MR响应信号的相位中。例如,梯度线圈和换能器可以被配置成使得超声脉冲朝着具有更高场强度的磁场的区域推动靠近焦点的材料。响应于磁场中最终产生的变化,MR响应信号的相位将相应地变化,从而把因超声辐射压力导致的位移编码到信号中。
为了获得高图像对比度,根据合适的位移编码序列相对于彼此精确地定时超声脉冲、编码梯度和RF脉冲。图2A-2C示出了可以用于本发明的实施例中的五个示例性MR-ARFI序列。这些序列图示出了位移编码磁场梯度(细实线)、超声脉冲(虚线)和RF脉冲(粗实线)在时间上出现的顺序。显示了三个不同场梯度集合:两个单瓣(a),重复双极(b)和反双极(c)。对于梯度集合(a),可以在第一或第二瓣期间施加超声。类似地,对于梯度集合(c),可以在双极的第一或第二半部期间施加超声。一般而言,MR-ARFI序列利用与超声脉冲同步的磁场梯度。在优选实施例中,可以使用类似于图2B中所示的重复双极序列(b)的序列。成像序列可以编程到控制装置110中。控制装置110然后可以将触发信号发送到超声换能器和MRI硬件以保证信号之间的正确定时。
在图3A中显示了超声聚焦区域的MR-ARFI图像的例子。如图所示,相对于平衡位置的材料位移在大约-1μm至5μm之间变化。一般而言,声场强度越强,焦点的中心处的最大位移将越大。声场强度又在换能器的单独控制部分(即,换能器段内的元件和/或各段)发射在焦点位置处全部同相的声波时最大化。如果换能器元件相对于彼此异相,则中心的焦点强度减小。可以利用该关系优化焦点,并且因此映射和调节换能器元件和/或段,如下面进一步所述。例如假设一个段的换能器元件中除了一个以外全部适当地配置,通过在全周期上(例如在-π至+π之间)调谐相位、为每个相位测量焦点中心的位移并且然后将相位设定到对应于最大位移的值,可以确定最后元件的正确相位。图3B描绘了这样的调节程序的结果。在所示的例子中,在一个元件的全相位周期上的材料位移在大约4.85μm至大约5.4μm之间。最大位移出现在大约0.12rad处。因此,可以通过为被测试的换能器元件引入0.12rad的相移而改善焦点强度和品质。
MR-ARFI可以用于在超声的治疗应用之前“自动聚焦”超声束(即,基于实验反馈迭代地改善预聚焦束的焦点品质)。例如考虑用超声治疗脑肿瘤。用于这样的应用的换能器通常较大;它可以围绕颅骨的宽区域并且包括大量元件(例如1000个)。在治疗的准备中,换能器典型地置于相对于患者的头部的稳定位置,并且然后基于声处理几何关系(其通常包括换能器和靶组织的相对位置和取向,以及靶位置)在相对相位启动换能器元件。可选地,相位校正可以应用于换能器元件以补偿组织像差,所述组织像差多数由中间的颅骨组织导致并且可能随着位置明显地变化。可以基于例如通过提供局部颅骨厚度和密度的估计的计算机断层摄影或MRI获得的颅骨成像数据计算相位校正。通常,用于基于颅骨的像差的计算校正导致焦点品质的明显、但不充分改善。可以用自动聚焦程序优化焦点,其中低能超声聚焦在靶(或附近),并且测量与焦点品质相关的量(例如由辐射力导致的峰值位移)。
自动聚焦典型地包括用于各种换能器定相组合的声处理的系统性系列。在没有进一步信息的情况下,可能耗费大约3000或更多个声处理来优化具有1000个元件的阵列的焦点。然而,能够减小声处理所需数量的先验信息是可以获得的。这样的先验信息可以包括靶组织的模型,所述模型可以提供关于靶组织的组成(例如各组织层)、它们的相对布置以及关联的材料类型、密度和结构和/或各材料参数值的详细信息。可以基于靶组织的图像和/或通常已知的或用实验确定的材料参数以及某些组织类型和/或组织层之间的界面的物理性质(例如在骨和软组织之间的界面处的反射系数)形成靶组织模型。另外,先验信息可以包括声处理几何关系的相关参数,即,换能器相对于靶组织的位置和取向。声处理几何关系可以从机械约束(例如与靶组织接触放置的刚性换能器结构)获知,或者使用嵌入换能器中的基准或传感器测量,例如MR跟踪线圈或位置传感器(例如倾斜指示器、超声或光编码器)。使用这样的先验信息,在换能器的特定位置附近,特定靶所需的换能器元件之间的相对相位常常可预测。在另一方面,彼此更远离的换能器的组之间的相对相位可能需要调节。
图4示意性地示出了用于超声聚焦到脑中的示例性声处理几何关系。弯曲换能器400置于患者的颅骨402之上并且被驱动,从而将来自许多方向的超声聚焦到靶404上。在该布置中,超声在颅骨上的入射角在0°(垂直入射)至大约40°之间大幅变化。已发现入射角是用从计算机断层摄影或MRI数据导出的声处理模型计算的相位校正的可靠性的主要决定因素。对于低于大约15°并且高于大约35°的入射角,相位校正通常是高度可靠的。对于在大约15°至大约35°之间的临界范围内的入射角(对应于图4中的区域406),相位的实验调节是期望的。所以,组合先验知识和实验反馈的一种方法包括根据入射角将换能器阵列分割(或换句话说,将换能器元件分组)成子阵列。与不允许可靠预测的入射角关联的子阵列可以由仅仅几个换能器元件、或在极端情况下由单独的换能器元件组成,而与低(例如<15°)或高(例如>35°)入射角关联的子阵列典型地包括许多元件—并且通常可预测性的程度越高,越多的元件可以被组合到子阵列中。
本领域的人员将领会,上述的智能分组方法可以根据特定应用进行修改。例如,入射角的临界范围可以不同于在以上例子中使用的范围。此外,换能器元件的分组可以根本不需要基于入射角,而是可以大体上基于影响计算确定的换能器元件相位的可靠性的声处理模型的其它参数。例如,分组可以基于声波到达焦点位置所穿过的组织的主要类型。例如在乳腺癌的治疗中组织类型是相关的,如图5中所示。该图显示了处于俯卧位置的女性的乳房500的MRI图像,所述乳房将从下方进行治疗,如箭头502所示。将需要许多MRI图像的集合以获得三维信息。源自换能器表面504的超声束大体上穿过具有不同声速的脂肪和非脂肪组织。速度的这些变化可能导致干扰焦点的像差。可以通过从(一个或多个)MRI图像计算每个换能器元件的时间延迟并且用相应相移补偿时间延迟而减小像差。为了增加算出的时间延迟的精度,换能器可以被分成子阵列,所述子阵列的声波分别主要通过脂肪组织或主要通过非脂肪组织传播。
图6A在流程图中示出了使用智能分组聚焦换能器阵列的方法。在已将换能器元件分组成到子阵列(步骤600)之后,可以驱动每个子阵列,从而产生在靶(例如图4中的靶404)处或附近的离散子焦点(步骤602)。可以基于声处理模型(即,关于局部几何关系和组织性质的信息)计算子阵列内的元件的相对相位(和幅度)。在一些实施例中,还使用具有焦点品质反馈的自动聚焦改善一个或多个子阵列的子焦点。例如,在如图4中所示将超声聚焦到脑中的背景下,不同于在对应于临界状态下的入射角的位置将换能器细分成单独的换能器元件(其中通常需要高分辨率),可以将换能器元件分组成子阵列,例如使用MR-ARFI调节它们的相对相位,并且子阵列随后视为仅仅一个元件。
一旦适当地设定子阵列内的相对相位,可以测量作为子焦点的重叠的全焦点的品质(步骤604),例如使用MR-ARFI。当子焦点结构干涉时,即,当它们同定位并且同相时,获得最佳全焦点。在许多(但非全部)应用中,调节每个子阵列的总相位将足以获得结构干涉,原因是在靶位置产生子焦点已经保证了它们的几何重叠。如果子焦点不充分地同定位(由于它们的位置相对于靶位置的偏移),则可以通过将相应超声束转向到期望位置而调节它们的相对位置(步骤606)。转向包括将相位梯度施加到子阵列,这改变子阵列内的换能器元件之间的相对相位,但是以保存关于相对相位的多数信息的受约束方式进行。为了使子焦点同相,可以将相移施加到子阵列(步骤608)。(将相移施加到子阵列包括将该相移施加到子阵列内的每个元件)。当焦点品质足够时,即,当子焦点结构干涉时,可以使用换能器治疗靶(步骤610)。
使用靶组织的信息并且用焦点品质的实验反馈补充它的不同方法包括用可变参数建模靶组织。这样的靶组织模型可以解释一些参数比另一些更好地获知的事实。例如,图5中所示的MR图像提供关于沿着源自不同换能器位置的声射线的各组织(例如水、脂肪组织和非脂肪组织)的厚度的良好信息。然而,尽管水的声速是公知的,但是脂肪和非脂肪组织的声速仅仅在比较大的不确定区间内已知,并且通常在患者之间不同。因此,不同声射线的时间延迟也是不确定的。然而可以通过对于已知范围内的声速的不同值计算相对相位并且比较最后产生的焦点的品质(再次地,使用MR-ARFI或其它技术来测量指示品质的焦点参数)而间接地减小不确定的程度。然后可以假定(在测量和比较的焦点中)导致最佳焦点的声速值是真实声速的良好近似。
更一般地,焦点品质反馈可以用于补充具有n个未知参数的不完整靶组织模型。对于每个未知参数vi,可以用ki个值采样不确定区间。例如,在乳房治疗情况下,其中N=2,均可以用k1=k2=5个值采样脂肪组织的声速和非脂肪组织的声速。这样遍历完整的离散二维参数值的空间将需要25个声处理,明显少于在不使用关于靶组织的任何先验信息的情况下调节换能器元件相位通常所需的声处理。为了用减少数量的校准声处理获得高焦点品质,使用MR-ARFI反馈确定组织模型参数的值因此可以在某些应用中给智能分组提供一种可行替代的选择。
图6B示出了与实验反馈组合的使用靶组织模型以改善超声焦点的品质的方法。例如通过用MRI装置成像靶组织以确定各组织层的厚度和位置并且将该信息提供给控制装置,可以实现提供模型的第一步骤650。然后,为先验未知的模型参数分配预期真实值所在范围内的任意值(步骤652),基于模型和选定参数值调节相对相位(步骤654),并且聚焦换能器(步骤656)和测量焦点品质(步骤656)。对于多个参数值的集合重复这些步骤。然后比较不同值的集合的焦点品质,并且选择对应于最佳焦点的值的集合。一旦因此补充靶组织模型,可以根据模型驱动换能器以声处理并且由此治疗靶(步骤662)。
尽管参考具体细节描述了本发明,但是这样的细节不应当被认为是对本发明的范围的限制,除非它们包括在附带权利要求的范围中。
Claims (7)
1.一种使用声处理模型将超声聚焦到靶组织中的系统,所述系统包括:
用于在所述靶组织中生成超声焦点的超声换能器元件的定相阵列;
用于成像所述超声焦点的成像系统;以及
与所述成像系统和所述换能器元件的定相阵列通信的控制装置,所述控制装置被配置成(i)接收与所述声处理模型关联的数据,(ii)至少部分地基于所述数据计算所述换能器元件的相对相位,(iii)在所述相对相位驱动所述换能器元件,从而生成所述超声焦点,并且(iv)至少部分地基于所述超声焦点的图像调节所述相对相位,从而改善所述超声焦点,
其中所述数据包括所述声处理模型的至少一个模型参数的多个值的集合,并且
其中所述控制装置被配置成计算所述换能器元件的相对相位并且对于所述至少一个模型参数的所述多个值的集合顺序地在所述相对相位驱动所述换能器元件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述成像系统是磁共振成像系统。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述控制装置被配置成将所述换能器元件分组成子阵列并且计算每个子阵列内的所述换能器元件的相对相位。
4.根据权利要求3所述的系统,其中所述控制装置被配置成调节所述相对相位,从而导致由所述子阵列生成的子焦点的结构干涉。
5.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述控制装置被配置成对于所述多个值的集合的每一个测量所述焦点的品质并且在所述多个值的集合中选择与最高焦点品质关联的集合。
6.一种与成像系统结合使用的系统,所述系统使用声处理模型将超声聚焦到靶组织中,所述系统包括:
用于在所述靶组织中生成超声焦点的超声换能器元件的定相阵列;以及
控制装置,所述控制装置被配置成(i)接收与所述声处理模型关联的数据,(ii)至少部分地基于所述数据计算所述换能器元件的相对相位,(iii)在所述相对相位驱动所述换能器元件,从而生成所述超声焦点,以及(iv)至少部分地基于由所述成像系统提供的所述超声焦点的图像来调节所述相对相位,从而改善所述超声焦点,
其中所述数据包括所述声处理模型的至少一个模型参数的多个值的集合,并且
其中所述控制装置被配置成计算所述换能器元件的相对相位并且对于所述至少一个模型参数的所述多个值的集合顺序地在所述相对相位驱动所述换能器元件。
7.根据权利要求6所述的系统,其中所述成像系统是磁共振成像系统。
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