CN102866913B - 移动设备上的任务切换 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本文描述了移动设备上的任务切换。本主题公开涉及诸如智能电话之类的计算设备上的任务切换技术。应用由一个或多个任务构成。当用户请求执行另一任务时,关于先前执行任务的信息(例如,包括屏幕截图)被保存到堆栈。如果用户调用任务切换器程序,则向用户呈现堆栈的视图,例如,包含先前执行的任务的屏幕截图(以及代表性文本)。用户可在那些呈现的任务表示之间进行导航以任意地选择任何一个,且所选的任务在选择之际恢复执行。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求美国临时专利申请序列号61/442,701、61/442,713、61/442,740和61/442,753的优先权,这些美国临时专利申请是各自在2011年2月14日被提交的并且通过援引纳入于此。本申请与转让给本发明的受让人的、通过援引纳入于此的美国专利申请代理人案号332296.02、332320.02、332339.02和332340.02有关。
技术领域
本发明涉及移动设备上的任务切换。
背景技术
移动设备的用户将应用切换到前台。一些移动设备提供用于在最近使用的应用之间切换的接口。例如,用户可使用“后退”按钮来在用户的应用中导航。这种技术是低效的,因为不仅是用户需要记住哪些应用最近被使用过以便知晓“后退”按钮是否将到达所需应用,而且该技术不向用户提供用于恢复执行超出几个后退按钮按压之外的应用的快速方式。
此外,在恢复执行应用与在新鲜状态中启动应用之间没有明显的差别。用户提供选择机会。
发明内容
提供本发明内容以便以简化形式介绍将在以下的具体实施例中进一步描述的一些代表性概念。本发明内容不旨在标识出所要求保护的主题的关键特征或必要特征,也不旨在以限制所要求保护的主题的范围的任何方式来使用。
简言之,本文中描述的主题的各方面涉及一种技术,藉由该技术,任务切换器提供供用户查看先前的应用的任务并在其间进行导航,以及任意地切换至任何所选任务的直接了当的机制。一般而言,应用(或诸如操作系统组件之类的其他程序)可包括一个或多个任务,诸如具有邮件任务、日历任务、和联系人任务的电子邮件应用,或者具有关于每个加标签页面的任务的浏览器程序。
在一个方面,任务切换器(例如,程序)可通过用户动作(例如,响应于用户请求)来调用,并从数据结构(例如,堆栈)获得信息。数据结构包含与先前在计算设备上执行的任务集合中的每个任务相关联的信息(状态数据)。任务切换器使用该信息来向任务切换器的用户界面输出每个任务的表示(例如,具有伴随文本的屏幕截图)。经由用户界面,用户可在任务表示之间导航和/或任意地选择集合中的任何任务来恢复执行该任务。例如,应用可被重新启动,且保存在堆栈或其他地方的状态信息被用来在其相对应的应用中恢复执行任务。
在一个方面,维护与多个任务相关联的信息,且每个任务对应于先前作为前台应用执行的应用程序。任务切换器使用所维护的信息来将每个任务的表示输出到交互式用户界面。任务切换器检测与用户选择任务表示中的一个作为所选任务相对应的用户交互(例如,用户导航和选择),并采取动作来通过在对应于所选任务的状态中恢复执行应用来切换至所选任务。
在一个方面,堆栈被更新以在用另一应用的任务替代执行的任务之前保存关于执行的任务的信息。维护堆栈可包括从堆栈释放另一任务的数据以提供存储器空间来保存关于执行的任务的信息,和/或过滤掉重复的任务的数据。
在一个方面,描述了用于呈现与先前执行的应用的任务相对应的任务数据的堆栈的视图的技术,其中该视图包括在堆栈中具有任务数据的任务的可视表示。一旦检测到导航至特定任务表示的与视图的交互,以及检测到选择所选任务的交互,可恢复执行所选任务的执行。
结合附图阅读以下具体实施方式,本发明的其他优点会变得显而易见。
附图说明
作为示例而非限制,在附图中示出了本发明,附图中相同的附图标记指示相同或相似的元素,附图中:
图1是表示用来执行任务之间的任务切换的示例组件的框图。
图2是用户可在其间进行导航并选择来在设备上恢复执行的任务的示例表示。
图3是表示用在任务切换系统的一个实现中的示例组件的框图。
图4是示出与包括所捕捉的屏幕图像在内的信息如何被获得并被维护在任务切换系统中有关的操作的示例时序/数据流示图。
图5是示出与调用任务切换器有关的操作的时序/数据流示图。
图6是表示其中可实现在此处所描述的各实施例的一个或多个方面的示例性、非限制性计算系统或操作环境的框图,例如,在移动电话设备的例子中。
具体实施方式
本文中所描述的技术的各方面一般涉及用于恢复执行用户曾在移动设备上执行的先前任务(诸如移动电话上的任务)的可靠且简单的技术。如将理解的,切换“任务”比切换应用更加灵活且强大;任务的示例包括(例如,同一电子邮件应用内的)联系人卡、电子邮件草稿、日历约会;浏览器网页选项卡等。但是,应用可包括单个任务。
为此,在设备上提供了任务切换器,该任务切换器向用户提供可靠且快速地恢复执行或完成先前开始的任务的能力。任务切换器(在一个实现中其包括具有伴随用户界面(UI)的程序)向用户示出了用户的任务保留的状态,以使得用户可容易地标识所需任务以恢复执行。本文中还例示了用于示出任务的最后状态(伴随有其名字)的一个示例视觉设计,其例如提供了相对于应用图标的益处和优点。
应当理解,此处的任何示例均是非限制性的。因此,本发明不限于在此描述的任何具体的实施例、方面、概念、结构、功能或示例。相反,此处所描述的实施例、方面、概念、结构、功能或示例中的任一个都是非限制性的,并且本发明一般能够以在计算和应用/任务切换方面提供好处和优点的各种方式来使用。
图1是示出用于在任务之间切换的各种示例组件(包括任务切换器102)的一般化框图,其中应用具有由应用开发人员定义的、为其指定的一个或多个任务。例如,诸如计算器之类的应用可仅具有一个任务,而诸如Outlook之类的应用可具有邮件任务、日历任务、联系人任务等。
一般而言,多个应用任务1041-104n可在不同的时间在设备的前台中运行。每次应用任务的新的实例(称为会话)被运行时,操作系统106就将与先前任务有关的信息保存到后堆栈108。可诸如通过仅允许添加任务/会话的一个实例来执行过滤,以例如避免将重复的任务添加到后堆栈。
后堆栈108包括数据结构(例如,在存储器中),该数据结构维护关于所保存的任务的信息以及恢复执行任务所需的信息。例如,后堆栈108可包括对象列表,其中每个对象包含关于所保存的任务的数据(和/或对该数据的引用),诸如以提供在保存时捕捉的任务的屏幕截图、应用的名称、任务状态数据等。对象的数目可被限制(例如,通过默认或用户配置),以便使所维护的任务的数目对于用户而言保持实用,以及控制存储器使用;因而,将新的任务添加到后堆栈移除了最旧的任务。如本文中所描述的,后堆栈可被用来维护(或将指针引用到)与所维护的一个或多个任务的集合有关的屏幕截图和/或其他元数据。通过使用任务切换器,用户可导航至后堆栈中的任何会话(并且不按指定次序)。这不会打断会话内的导航。注意:后堆栈按时间顺序维护任务,然而用户可导航至任何任务,并由此使此任务成为最新的任务,而其他任务在该最新的任务之后保持同样的次序。
一般而言,包括按钮等的任务切换器激活机制110由操作系统106的合适的部分来检测,操作系统106调用任务切换器102。任务切换器102可按任何合适的方式来启动,诸如在一个实现中,其中任务切换器102可经由对硬件后退按钮上的长时间按压来启动。当被调用时,任务切换器(例如,连同操作系统106)例如通过将该任务的数据添加到后堆栈108来捕捉在用户离开任务之前该任务的最后状态。注意,但是,在离开任务切换器102时,关于任务切换器102的数据无需被添加到后堆栈108。
任务切换器102以某一合适的方式将所捕捉的任务状态的每一个显示为视图112,诸如如图2中一般地表示的那样从左到右地排序,例如,其中左边的任务的最旧的任务,而右边的任务是最新的任务。在一个视图中,每次仅示出一个任务,如由虚线“视图”框212表示的,并且用户可经由交互/选择机制114(图1)水平地平扫(如箭头所表示的)以找到先前或稍后的任务,并且能对当前所示的任务作出选择。在另一视图中,用户可同时看到多个任务,并经由交互/选择机制114挑选一个,诸如通过轻叩任务的屏幕捕捉图像。因而,用户可经由任何任务的所显示的表示对该任务作出任意选择来恢复执行,而无需以顺序的次序恢复执行。用户还可在没有作出任何选择的情况下进行取消,由此在用户调用任务切换器时运行的任务恢复执行。
如可容易理解的,实际上,在服从实际屏幕尺寸限制的情况下,具有恰当的选择机制的任何视图是可行的。此外,作为屏幕捕捉的替代或补充,可提供任务的某一其他表示,连同可能的附加文本(例如,时戳)、图形、动画、视频等。
注意,多任务化允许应用即使在它们并非处在前台中时也继续工作,包括经由允许用户在前向方向中导航以及允许每次一页的后退导航的任务模型。为了将先前使用的应用快速恢复到前台,任务切换器允许用户开始查看后堆栈中维护的应用任务(例如,用户界面)并在这些应用任务中导航。
转到一个示例实现的附加细节,长时间按压后退硬件按钮超过阈值时间(例如,按下并保持按钮按压的持续时间大约为800ms)启动任务切换器UI,UI包括后堆栈中的会话,这些会话各自由会话的最后页的屏幕捕捉(如图2中一般表示的)来表示。在此实现中,屏幕捕捉是按从左到右排序的,且最近的在最右边。UI水平地平扫。在屏幕捕捉上进行轻叩恢复执行该页上相对应的会话,即,图2中的每个屏幕捕捉表示用户可通过在其屏幕捕捉上进行轻叩来恢复执行的任务。渐变动画可被用于任何屏幕图像改变,并且背景可使用当前特征主题颜色。
会话被按次序添加,例如,由此最近的会话是最右边的屏幕捕捉。任务切换器以视图中最右边的屏幕截图启动。在一个实现中,任务切换器不记得其滚动过的状态,以便一致地提供可预测的默认视图。
当从任务切换器恢复执行会话时,可使该会话从其当前位置移至最右边的位置,来作为最近的会话。短时间按压“后退”在当前会话内进行导航。后堆栈的行为不改变。在一个实现中,开始屏幕不在任务切换器中示出,并且用于达到“开始”的唯一方式是经由“开始”硬件按钮。
任务切换器使用屏幕捕捉,以供用户标识他或她希望恢复执行的任务。会话的最后页的屏幕捕捉被用于表示会话。屏幕捕捉可包括瞬时UI类提醒、警报和消息框。为了帮助用户更好地标识任务,一个实现可在屏幕捕捉下方显示相对应的应用名称。
在电话锁定(或者由用户手动或者在超时之后自动地锁定)之后,可摒弃(dismiss)任务切换器。其在锁定屏幕上不起作用。当任务切换器是处在前台中且传入呼叫UI出现时,任务切换器待在呼叫UI后面,以使得用户可在处置传入呼叫之后继续任务。传入呼叫UI的行为不改变。
关于任务切换器的示例硬盘按钮
按钮 | 开始 |
开始 | 摒弃任务切换器并启动“开始” |
后退 | 摒弃任务切换器 |
搜索 | 摒弃任务切换器并启动“搜索” |
音量 | 在任务切换器上起作用 |
电源 | 摒弃任务切换器并锁定电话 |
相机 | 摒弃任务切换器并启动“相机” |
当任务切换器中没有会话时,一个实现可示出“开始”的屏幕捕捉。当被轻叩时,“开始”被带入前台。这样,用户永远不会在任务切换器中陷入僵局。
由于一个目标是呈现文字的后堆栈,浏览器中的每个选项卡可示为任务切换器中的个体会话。
图3示出了示例体系结构版本的附加细节(对于类似或相似的组件,带有标示3xx,而非1xx),其中任务切换器302可以是壳(shell)的Chrome的部分并由此可驻留在壳框架330(例如,ShellFrame.dll)中。注意:如果任务切换器改为是的单独的应用,则将其形成为常规应用会迫使后堆栈108(对应于图3中的页堆栈308)的另一应用关闭,这通常并非是合意的。因而,任务切换器302可被保持在壳框架330中,以避免当任务切换器302启动时从后堆栈/页堆栈308移除应用。另外,处置相对于例如锁定屏幕、ARD等其他Chrome组件的任务切换器UI的z次序可能较为容易(因为壳框架330处置顶层z次序策略)。任务切换器可以是系统Chrome的部分,并且在z次序中处于相对较低的次序,由此当在先前前台应用上启动任务切换器时,该先前前台应用接收遮挡消息。而且处于壳框架330内可便于任务切换器与应用之间的自定义转换。
在图3中一般表示的一个实现中,应用的页面的屏幕截图是每次用户等向前导航至新会话或新的子任务时捕捉的;注意:屏幕图像的任何部分不是应用的部分(例如,弹出“吐司(toast)”消息)可能不被包括在捕捉中。更具体地,在一个实现中,调用可以是从frame_server(框架_服务器)的Page::SendOnHideRequest()API内作出的。此API由正被导航至但处于telshell的进程空间内的应用(例如,从应用到frame_server的PSL调用)来执行。
如图4的时序/序列示图中表示的,屏幕捕捉(BITMAP(位图))可通过调用由合成器展示的CaptureScreen(捕捉屏幕)API来获得。一旦获得,指向HBITAMP的句柄可被写入消息队列。在telshell中运行的背景线程(例如,任务切换器的背景线程)可消费此HBITMAP,将其StretchBlt至合适的大小(例如,259*439)并在随后将其转换成IUIXImage。
背景线程可维持至多达n(例如,5)个此类IUIXImage以及其相应的SessionId(会话Id)的列表。当请求是针对n+1(例如,第6个)图像而进来时,线程可查询Frame_Server336以获得活跃会话列表,并重写(释放并重新分配)与已离开后堆栈/页堆栈308的会话相对应的图像。注意:在一个实现中,由于分配大于16K,因此这些可以是虚拟分配,由此存储器碎片不是问题。
注意:一个实现可示出与会话相关联的一页。结果,如果用户导航至子任务,则一个实现可用该子任务的屏幕截图重写父任务的屏幕截图。
返回到图1和2,任务切换器102可恰在每个屏幕截图之下示出应用的(本地化)标题(图2)。可提供API等,供任务切换器102恢复执行应用的会话(一旦用户已选择UI),而不用管应用的激活策略。任务切换器用户界面示出了处于后堆栈108上的每个会话的最上页的屏幕截图。为了知晓哪些会话当前处在后堆栈上,可例如经由API对frame_server 336(图3)进行查询。
为了获得应用的本地化标题,一个实现可将ProductId(产品Id)传递给包管理器,其中ProductId是可使用与从DumpTask(堆任务)获得的列表中的任务相关联的友好名称(或者如果友好名称不存在,则为TaskURI(任务URI))来获得的。注意:虽然DumpTask给出SessionId(会话Id),但是一个实现可能需要依赖于从TestHook_GetPageStackContainerList API获得的PAGESTACKCONTAINERDESC信息,因为需要能够区分处在后堆栈108上的会话与不处于后堆栈108上但尚未被毁掉的那些会话。
在图像的存储器大小中,一个实现可(在调整大小之后)捕捉454KB(439*259*4)的图像数据。一个实现可在给定时间加载n个此类图像(例如,n可以为5,由此消耗大致2.2MB),然而,其他实现可具有不同数目的n个图像,这取决于图像大小和可用存储器。还注意:维度服从改变,例如,取决于是否由于调整大小而造成边框和线条的UI伪像。
一个实现在任务切换器活跃的同时刷新图像。这可通过将原始比特(即,IUIXImage)传递给启动(splash)(内部实现)应用340。这导致启动应用为图像分配两个缓冲区,一个包括原始缓冲区而第二个包括由渲染器使用的DX纹理。
如以上所描述且在图5的时序示图中表示的,为了调用任务切换器102,用户可压下并保持后退按钮。这可通过在telshell中活跃的关键句柄线程来检测。关键句柄线程随后可对ShellFrame作出经延迟的调用,即,终止对ShellFrame的UI线程的执行,这可发起任务切换器的调用进程。调用进程可包括拍摄当前可见应用UI的屏幕截图,并形成任务切换器UI。在一个实现中,由合成器展示的CaptureScreen(捕捉屏幕)API有时花费的时间超过100ms一点。由于不能在比100ms更长的时间内阻塞UI线程,因此UI线程可能不处理所所获得的HBITMAP,而是替代地可将此放入消息队列以供后台线程来处理。UI线程可在任务切换器UI中示出某一类型的临时“加载”屏幕。当后台线程获得通知UI将出现(例如,通过指定事件或由UI线程插入到队列中的被标记为“警报”的消息)时,该后台线程可查询frame_server以获得当前活跃的会话的列表并用恰当的IUIXImage填充UI。一旦用户选择他或她希望导航至的会话UI(例如,通过点击恰当的屏幕截图),任务切换器就可调用frame_server 336,来请求其重新激活用户选择的任务。在一个实现中,可被使用的API是PageManager::ReActivateSession()。由于当存在n个以上的图像以及当任务切换器UI出现时frame_server 336被查询,因此可能无需向一个实现显式地通知任务/会话何时离开。
由此,向用户和开发人员提供了简单的导航模型。一般而言,从“开始”启动应用使用户进行应用的默认体验,而从任务切换器102启动应用(例如,经由后退硬件按钮)使应用恢复到用户离开其的状态。
关于多任务化,模型创建了可代表应用执行任务的数个后台服务。这些服务有效地使得应用即使在未处在前台中时也能继续工作。此外,先前使用的应用可适度快速地回到前台。与快速应用恢复执行组合的多任务化改进了用户在多个应用之间切换以完成任务的能力。
尽管后退按钮提供对最后使用的应用的便利访问,跳转到比一个后退按压更远的先前应用不是一个高效方法。因而,任务切换器提供了帮助用户恢复执行和完成先前的任务的更高效方式。
因而,提供了从任何位置对任务切换器的简单且可靠的访问。任务切换器示出了先前打开的任务,并且允许用户启动先前的任务。启动任务将其会话移至后堆栈的顶部。
尽管本发明易于作出各种修改和替换构造,但其某些说明性实施例在附图中示出并在上面被详细地描述。然而应当了解,这不旨在将本发明限于所公开的具体形式,而是相反地,旨在覆盖落入本发明的精神和范围之内的所有修改、替换构造和等效方案。
示例性操作环境
图6示出可在其上实现此处所描述的主题的各方面的合适的移动设备600的示例。移动设备600仅为设备的一个示例,并非旨在对此处所描述的主题的各方面的使用范围或功能提出任何限制。移动设备600也不应被解释成对于在示例性移动设备600中所示出的任一组件或其组合有任何依赖或要求。
参考图6,用于实现此处所述的主题的各方面的示例性设备包括移动设备600。在一些实施例中,移动设备600包括蜂窝电话、允许与其他手持设备的语音通信的手持设备、某一其他语音通信设备等。在这些实施例中,移动设备600可配备用于拍摄照片的相机,虽然这在其他实施例中可能不是必需的。在其他实施例中,移动设备600包括个人数字助理(PDA),手持式游戏设备,笔记本计算机,打印机,包括机顶盒、媒体中心或其他电器等的电器,其他移动设备等。在又一些实施例中,移动设备600可包括通常被认作非移动的设备,如个人计算机、服务器等。
移动设备600的组件可以包括但不限于,处理单元605、系统存储器610和将包括系统存储器610在内的各种系统组件耦合至处理单元605的总线615。总线615可包括几种类型的总线结构中的任何一种,包括存储器总线、存储控制器、外围总线、以及使用各种总线体系结构中的任一种的局部总线等。总线615允许在移动设备600的各种组件之间传送数据。
移动设备600可以包括各种计算机可读介质。计算机可读介质可以是能由移动设备600访问的任何可用介质,而且包含易失性和非易失性介质以及可移动、不可移动介质。作为示例而非限制,计算机可读介质可包括计算机存储介质和通信介质。计算机存储介质包括以用于存储诸如计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或其他数据等信息的任意方法或技术来实现的易失性和非易失性、可移动和不可移动介质。计算机存储介质包括但不限于,RAM、ROM、EEPROM、闪存或其他存储器技术、CD-ROM、数字多功能盘(DVD)或其他光盘存储、磁带盒、磁带、磁盘存储或其他磁存储设备、或者可用于存储所需信息并且可由移动设备600访问的任何其他介质。
通信介质通常以诸如载波或其他传输机制等已调制数据信号来体现计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或其他数据,并包括任何信息传送介质。术语“已调制数据信号”是指具有以在信号中编码信息的方式被设定或改变其一个或多个特征的信号。作为示例而非限制,通信介质包括有线介质,诸如有线网络或直接线连接,以及无线介质,诸如声学、RF、蓝牙无线USB、红外、WiFi、WiMAX、和其他无线介质。上述的任意组合也应包含在计算机可读介质的范围内。
系统存储器610包括易失性和/或非易失性存储器形式的计算机存储介质,且可包括只读存储器(ROM)和随机存取存储器(RAM)。在诸如蜂窝电话等移动设备上,操作系统代码620有时被包括ROM中,虽然在其他实施例中,这不是必需的。类似地,应用程序625通常位于RAM中,但同样在其他实施例中,应用程序可位于ROM中或其他计算机可读存储器中。堆630提供用于与操作系统620和应用程序625相关联的状态的存储器。例如,操作系统620和应用程序625可在其操作期间将变量和数据结构存储在堆630中。
移动设备600还可包括其他可移动/不可移动、易失性/非易失性存储器。作为示例,图6示出闪存卡635、硬盘驱动器636、以及记忆棒637。例如,可小型化硬盘驱动器636以适应存储器槽。移动设备600可经由可移动存储器接口631与这些类型的非易失性可移动存储器接口,或可经由通用串行总线(USB)、IEEE 639、一个或多个有线端口640、或天线665连接。在这些实施例中,可移动存储器设备635-637可经由通信模块632与移动设备接口。在一些实施例中,并非所有这些类型的存储器都可被包括在单个移动设备上。在其他实施例中,可将这些和其他类型的可移动存储器中的一个或多个包括在单个移动设备上。
在一些实施例中,可按更永久地附连到移动设备600的方式连接硬盘驱动器636。例如,硬盘驱动器636可连接到诸如并行高级技术附件(PATA)、串行高级技术附件(SATA)或其他可连接到总线615的附件等接口。在此类实施例中,移除硬盘驱动器可涉及移除移动设备600的外壳并移除将硬盘驱动器636连接到移动设备600内的支承结构的螺丝钉或其他紧固件。
以上描述和在图6中示出的可移动存储设备635-637及其相关联的计算机存储介质提供对用于移动设备600的计算机可读指令、程序模块、数据结构、和其他数据的存储。例如,可移动存储器设备635-637可存储由移动设备600拍摄的图像、语音录音、联系人信息、程序、用于程序的数据等。
用户可通过诸如键区641和话筒642等输入设备向移动设备600中输入命令和信息。在某些实施例中,显示器643可以是触敏屏幕并可允许用户在其上输入命令和信息。键区641和显示器643可通过耦合到总线615的用户输入接口650连接到处理单元605,但也可由其他接口和总线结构连接,如通信模块632和有线端口640。运动检测652可用于确定对设备600作出的姿势。
例如,用户可经由对话筒642讲话以及经由在键区641或触敏显示器643上输入的文本消息来与其他用户通信。音频单元655可提供电信号以驱动扬声器644以及接收并数字化接收自话筒642的音频信号。
移动设备600可包括提供信号以驱动相机660的视频单元661。视频单元660还可接收由相机661获得的图像并将这些图像提供给包括在移动设备605上的处理单元600和/或存储器。由相机661获得的图像可包括视频、不形成视频的一个或多个图像、或其某一组合。
通信模块632可向一根或多根天线665提供信号并从其接收信号。天线665之一可发射并接收用于蜂窝电话网络的消息。另一天线可发射并接收蓝牙消息。又一天线(或共享天线)可经由无线以太网网络标准发射并接收网络消息。
更进一步,天线将例如GPS信号等基于位置的信息提供给GPS接口和机制672。GPS机制672又使相应的GPS数据(例如时间和坐标)可用于处理。
在一些实施例中,可使用单根天线来发射和/或接收用于超过一种类型的网络的消息。例如,单根天线可发射并接收语音和分组消息。
当在网络化环境中操作时,移动设备600可连接到一个或多个远程设备。远程设备可包括个人计算机、服务器、路由器、网络PC、蜂窝电话、媒体回放设备、对等设备或其他常见的网络节点,并且一般包括上面相对于移动设备600所述的许多或全部元件。
本文所描述的主题的各方面可与众多其他通用或专用计算系统环境或配置一起操作。适用于此处所描述的主题的各方面的公知的计算系统、环境和/或配置的示例包括,但不限于,个人计算机、服务器计算机、手持式或膝上型设备、多处理器系统、基于微处理器的系统、机顶盒、可编程消费电子产品、网络PC、小型计算机、大型计算机、包括上述系统或设备中的任一个的分布式计算环境等。
此处所描述的主题的各方面可在由移动设备执行的诸如程序模块等计算机可执行指令的一般上下文中描述。一般而言,程序模块包括执行特定任务或实现特定抽象数据类型的例程、程序、对象、组件、数据结构等等。本文所描述的主题的各方面也可以在其中任务由通过通信网络链接的远程处理设备执行的分布式计算环境中实现。在分布式计算环境中,程序模块可以位于包括存储器存储设备在内的本地和远程计算机存储介质中。
此外,虽然此处频繁使用术语服务器,但可以认识到,该术语也可涵盖客户机、分布在一个或多个计算机上的一个或多个进程的集合、一个或多个独立的存储设备、一个或多个其他设备的集合、以上的一个或多个的组合,等等。
结语
尽管本发明易于作出各种修改和替换构造,但其某些说明性实施例在附图中示出并在上面被详细地描述。然而应当了解,这不旨在将本发明限于所公开的具体形式,而是相反地,旨在覆盖落入本发明的精神和范围之内的所有修改、替换构造和等效方案。
Claims (19)
1.一种用于移动设备中的系统,包括:任务切换器,其被配置成从数据结构获得信息,所述数据结构包含与先前在计算设备上执行的任务的集合的新近任务相关联的数据,所述任务切换器还被配置成使用所述信息来将所述任务的集合的所述新近任务的表示输出到用户界面,所述任务的集合的所述新近任务的所述表示包括与执行该任务相对应的屏幕截图的至少一部分,在其中在所述任务切换器是活跃的同时刷新所述表示,其中在所述数据结构中的所述新近任务的数目通过在添加新任务时移除最旧的任务来保持。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,还包括交互机制,所述交互机制被配置成检测针对调用所述任务切换器的用户交互,并且当检测到时,采取动作来调用所述任务切换器。
3.如权利要求2所述的系统,其特征在于,所述交互机制包括硬件按钮,并且其中所述交互机制通过检测发生至少阈值持续时间的硬件按钮的按下并保持来检测所述用户交互。
4.如权利要求2所述的系统,其特征在于,所述交互机制被合并到后退按钮中。
5.如权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,多个任务是单个应用程序的部分。
6.如权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,所述数据结构包括堆栈,在所述堆栈中所述任务切换器并不被认为是任务。
7.如权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,所述新近任务的表示包括文本标签。
8.如权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,先前执行的任务的集合中的每个任务对应于包括程序的任务的实例的会话。
9.一种用于在移动设备中任务切换的方法,包括:
检测用于导航多个任务的交互式用户界面的调用;
维护与多个任务的新近任务相关联的包含状态数据的信息,每个任务对应于先前作为前台应用执行的应用程序;
响应于在所述交互式用户界面被调用的同时所述状态数据中的改变,将所述多个任务的所述新近任务的表示输出到所述交互式用户界面,其中所述新近任务的所述表示包括与执行该任务相对应的屏幕截图的至少一部分,在其中在任务切换器是活跃的同时刷新所述表示,其中所述新近任务的数目通过在添加新任务时移除最旧的任务来保持;
检测将所述任务中的一个选择为所选任务的用户交互;以及
通过在对应于所选任务的最后状态中恢复执行所述应用来切换至所选任务。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,检测将所述任务中的一个选择为所选任务的用户交互包括检测导航至特定任务的第一交互,以及检测选择所选任务的第二交互。
11.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括捕捉对应于所述新近任务的最近的屏幕截图,以及使用所述最近的屏幕截图的至少一部分作为最近任务的表示。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括使用文本数据作为新近任务的表示的部分。
13.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,维护与多个任务的新近任务相关联的信息包括维护堆栈,并且还包括更新所述堆栈以在运行另一应用的任务替代执行的任务之前保存关于所述执行的任务的信息。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,维护所述堆栈包括从所述堆栈释放另一任务的数据,以提供存储器空间来保存关于所述执行的任务的信息。
15.如权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,维护所述堆栈包括过滤掉重复的任务的数据。
16.一种用于在移动设备中任务切换的方法,其特征在于,包括:
以时间顺序呈现与新近执行的应用的任务相对应的任务数据的堆栈的视图,其中所述视图包括在所述堆栈中具有任务数据的新近任务的可视表示,其中在所述堆栈中的所述新近任务的数目通过在添加新任务时移除最旧的任务来保持;
利用页面的屏幕图像更新新近任务的可视表示,其中所述新近任务的可视表示包括与执行该任务相对应的屏幕截图的至少一部分,在其中在任务切换器是活跃的同时刷新所述表示;
检测与所述视图的交互以导航至特定任务表示;
检测将与特定任务表示相对应的任务选择为所选任务的交互;以及
恢复执行所选任务的执行。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括检测对调用任务切换程序的请求,其中呈现所述堆栈的视图是响应于所述请求而发生的。
18.如权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括在检测到针对启动另一任务的操作时更新所述堆栈。
19.权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括捕捉屏幕截图并获得与所述任务相对应的文本数据,以及使用所述屏幕截图和文本数据作为所述任务的可视表示。
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WO2012112404A3 (en) | 2012-12-27 |
CN102779070A (zh) | 2012-11-14 |
US9060196B2 (en) | 2015-06-16 |
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