CN102845648A - Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for enhancing growth of prawns - Google Patents
Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for enhancing growth of prawns Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for enhancing the growth of prawns. The Chinese herbal medicine feed additive is characterized by comprising the following materials in parts by weight: 2-3 parts of radix achyranthis bidentatae, 2-3 parts of uniflower swisscentaury root, 2-3 parts of isatis root, 2-4 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 0.5-1 part of rheum officinale, 3-4 parts of echinacea, 3-4 parts of poria cocos and 1-2 parts of liquorice. The Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for enhancing the growth of prawns is added in feed to prepare granular bait. The Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for enhancing the growth of prawns disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the source of the material is wide, the price is cheap, and the production process is simple; for culturing the prawns, the growth can be effectively enhanced, and the disease is prevented; and the use is convenient, the cost is low and the safety and no toxic and side effect are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Chinese herbal feed additive that prawn culturing is used, be specifically related to a kind of Chinese herbal feed additive that promotes the prawn growth.
Background technology
Prawn is delicious because of its meat flavour, high protein, and low fat, nutritious, become the extremely cuisines of people's high praise, its consumption figure increases fast, thereby has driven the rapid expansion of prawn culturing scale.In recent years, in prawn culturing is produced, in order to promote growth, prevent that disease from occuring, a large amount of abuse of antibiotics and cause the cultured prawn outlet not smooth, and the food security that causes thus is panic, bring heavy strike for the aquatic products aquaculture, seriously restricted the sound development of shrimp culture industry.For this reason, people constantly seek growth rate and the premunition that secure way improves prawn culturing; That Chinese herbal medicine has is natural, efficient, toxic and side effect is little, the resistance to the action of a drug not significantly, the advantage such as noresidue, raising premunition be obvious, being applied to prawn culturing is a kind of development trend.The disclosed Chinese herbal feed additive of prior art, the effect that is applied to prawn culturing is not fully up to expectations.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to for the problems referred to above, a kind of Chinese herbal feed additive that promotes the prawn growth is provided, this Chinese herbal feed additive production cost is low, easy to use, is used for prawn culturing and can effectively promotes the prawn growth, the control shrimp disease.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of Chinese herbal feed additive that promotes the prawn growth, and it is made by the raw material of following weight proportioning: root of bidentate achyranthes 2-3 part, Radix Rhapontici seu Radix Echinopsis 2-3 part, Radix Isatidis 2-3 part, bark of eucommia 2-4 part, rheum officinale 0.5-1 part, Echinacea 3-4 part, Poria cocos 3-4 part, Radix Glycyrrhizae 1-2 part.
The present invention promotes the preferred feedstock weight proportion of the Chinese herbal feed additive of prawn growth to be: 2 parts of the roots of bidentate achyranthes, 2 parts of Radix Rhapontici seu Radix Echinopsis, 2 parts of Radix Isatidis, 4 parts of the barks of eucommia, 1 part of rheum officinale, 4 parts of Echinaceas, 4 parts in Poria cocos, 1 part in Radix Glycyrrhizae.
The each component pharmacological effect is in the prescription of the present invention:
Root of bidentate achyranthes effect: root of bidentate achyranthes another name radix achyranthis bidentatae, achyranthes aspera, ox stem etc.Root for the amaranthaceous plant root of bidentate achyranthes.Property is put down, bitter, acid.Return liver, kidney channel.Its Main Ingredients and Appearance has triterpene saponin, polysaccharide, peptide class, ketosteroid etc., and ketosteroid mainly contains the various insects metamorphosis hormones such as ecdysterone, Inokosterone and rubrosterone, still contains in addition sylvite and mucilaginous substance, and trace element has nickel, iron, copper, manganese, chromium etc.Ecdysone and Inokosterone can promote that protein and sugar unit is synthetic in the liver, promote that shellfish casts off a skin.Have strengthening the bones and muscles, pursue the effect that the stasis of blood is stimulated the menstrual flow.Be used for loose hemostasis, subduing inflammation, growth promotion.
The Radix Rhapontici seu Radix Echinopsis effect: Radix Rhapontici seu Radix Echinopsis another name hammer flower, magnificent state Radix Rhapontici seu Radix Echinopsis, centaurea monanthos Georgi, radix echinopsis latifolii etc. are the root of feverfew centaurea monanthos Georgi or radix echinopsis latifolii.Bitter is salty, and is cold.Return stomach, large intestine channel.Root of Rhaponticum uniflorum contains volatile oil, and Xinjiang Echinops latifolius seed contains echinopsine and echinine, also contains ketosteroid compouds, and is identical with the pharmacologically active of ecdysterone.Radix Rhapontici seu Radix Echinopsis water logging agent has in various degree inhibitory action to dermatophytes such as star-shaped nocardias in vitro.There are clearing heat and detoxicating, the carbuncle that disappears, Shujin to promote blood circulation, promote the effect that shellfish casts off a skin.Be used for ulcer carbuncle on the back, scrofula sore, arthritis with fixed pain caused by dampness contraction, growth promotion etc.
The Radix Isatidis effect: indigo-blue of Radix Isatidis another name commonly used, indigo root, manyflower glorybower root are the root of crucifer ancient name for Chinese cabbage basket.Bitter, cold.Return liver, stomach warp.Contain indigo, indigo red, Anthraquinones, cupreol, clionasterol and several amino acids.Decoction has bacteriostasis to gram positive bacteria and negative bacterium; The acetone extract of root and leaf also has bacteriostasis.Ether extract 1% concentration plate punch method has inhibitory action to staphylococcus aureus.The effect that heat-clearing, detoxifcation, cool blood are arranged.Be used for febrile virulent maculae, high heat, major part pestilence, the infection of various bacteriums, virus.
Bark of eucommia effect: the bark of eucommia is the dry bark of the Eucommiaceae plant bark of eucommia.The sweet little suffering of nature and flavor, temperature.Return liver, kidney channel.Bark of Eucommia Ulmoides, leaf contain 14 kinds of lignanoids and lignanoid's glucoside, and rosin element disaccharide glucoside, flavone compound, contained flavone compound are mainly Kaempferol, Quercetin, Chinese milk vetch glycosides, land brocade glycosides, rutin.From Bark of Eucommia Ulmoides, also be separated to cupreol, ursolic acid, vanillic acid, Bark of Eucommia Ulmoides and leaf also contain 15 kinds of trace elements such as 17 kinds of free amino acids comprising phenylalanine, lysine, tryptophan, methionine, threonine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, glutamic acid, cystine, histidine and germanium, selenium, zinc, copper, iron, vitamin C, vitamin E, Cobastab and beta carotene etc.Have rubbish in the body of removing, strengthen metabolism, prevent the effects such as muscle skeleton is aging, decomposer inner cholesterol, reduction body fat, broad-spectrum antiseptic, raising blood middle leukocytes quantity, enhancing immunity of organisms.
Rheum officinale effect: rheum officinale another name general, yellow good, fiery ginseng, Sichuan troops etc.Dry root and rhizome for polygonum rheum palmatum, the ancient especially big Huang of Tang or Rheum officinale.Nature and flavor are bitter, and are cold.Return spleen, stomach, large intestine, liver, pericardium channel.Roots and stems of rhubarb contains the Anthraquinone derivatives such as Rhein, archen, Chrysophanol, aloe-emodin, Physcion.The Rhein that contains, archen, aloe-emodin have the effects such as anti-inflammation.Rheum officinale is to sensitivities such as staphylococcus, hemolytic streptococcus, micrococcus gonococcus, corynebacterium diphtheriae, typhoid bacillus, shigella dysenteriaes, infected by influenza, hepatitis B, poliovirus etc. are effective, and other responsive microorganisms are had Amoeba, blood fluke and Leptospira etc.Stomach invigorating, astriction when taking, low dose are arranged.The contained tannin of rheum officinale has good antioxidation, and anthraquinone derivative can suppress non-specific immune function.The effect of attacking stagnant, clearing away damp-heat, purging intense heat, cool blood, detoxifcation is arranged; Be used for that real hot constipation, the thermojunction feeling of stuffiness in chest, damp-heat dysentery, jaundice, oedema abdomen are full, the diseases such as infection of bacterial virus.
The Poria cocos effect: Poria cocos is commonly called as Yun Ling, Song Ling, Fu spirit, for colonizing in the fungi plant on the pine roots.The Poria cocos flavor is sweet, and is light flat.The thoughts of returning home, lung, the spleen channel.Effective ingredient has polysaccharide to be mainly pachyman, carboxymethyl pachymose, the not acid of triterpene carboxylic acid pachymic acid, soil, eburicoic acid, the acid of loose Siberian cocklebur, loose Siberian cocklebur eo-acid etc.In addition, contain histidine, adenine, choline, β-pachyman enzyme, protease, sad, laurate, palmitic acid, fat, lecithin, ergosterol, phosphatid ylcholine and phosphatidyl-ethanolamine etc.Poria cocos can the enhanced machine body immunity function.Effect with eliminating dampness and diuresis, strengthening the spleen and stomach.The swelling of can harnessing the river is full, it is contrary to vomit, vomiting during early pregnancy, the disease such as have loose bowels.
Echinacea effect: Echinacea another name Echinacea purpurea, Echinacea.Contain polysaccharide, flavones, caffeinic derivative, essential oil, polyyne, alkylamine and alkaloid.Echinacea has immunostimulation, reduces inflammation, and helps body to antibacterium and virus.Related tests shows uses the Echinacea feeding animals, can improve the quantity of phagocytic activity and the periphery lymphocyte of neutrophil cell, the immunocompetence of effective stimulus animal body.The effects such as antibiotic, antiallergy are arranged, and external in vivo have cytophagy facilitation and an antiviral activity.
Radix Glycyrrhizae effect: Radix Glycyrrhizae another name lantern, close sweet, close grass, old, the sweet grass of state.It is sweet to distinguish the flavor of, flat.Return spleen, stomach, lung channel.Mainly contain the compositions such as glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhizin, 24-hydroxyl enoxolone, licoflavone, glycyrrhizin, isoliquiritigenin, licorice polysaccharide, have the effects such as phagocytic function of antiulcer, adjusting macrophage.Glycyrrhizic acid is natural antidote, can be used for body anti-ageing, strengthen immunity, keep water-electrolyte metabolism balance etc.; Licorice polysaccharide has anti-adenovirus type III, herpes simplex virus I-form is active.Have invigorate the spleen and benefit qi, the effect of clearing heat and detoxicating, coordinating the drug actions of a prescription.Be used for body weakness, lassitude hypodynamia, gastral cavity abdomen, carbuncle sore tumefacting virus, cushion toxicity and strong etc.
Prescription foundation of the present invention: Chinese herbal medicine can improve prawn growth and bait utilization after deliberation, can prevent and treat shrimp disease again.The growth of prawn must rely on shelling, and in the suitable situation of environment, the about 4～6d of the young shrimp of body weight 1～5g shells once, and above general two weeks of prawn of 15g shell once, the hardening of prawn shelling 1～2d back cover, and at this moment growth is accelerated.The prawn shelling time is the most weak period of shrimp body, is invaded by cause of disease easily, and each shelling all is the life difficulty of prawn, so it is consistent to make every effort to prawn shelling speed, and shortens the shelling time, the generation of various diseases could improve the survival rate of prawn during the pre-anti-hulling.According to the growth rhythm of prawn, in good time use can promote the Chinese herbal feed additive of prawn growth, is conducive to shelling, the growth of prawn.Contain the compositions such as saponin(e, ecdysterone in the root of bidentate achyranthes, the Radix Rhapontici seu Radix Echinopsis in the present invention's prescription, can promote prawn to cast off a skin and growth; Radix Isatidis, the bark of eucommia, rheum officinale contain multiple anti-gram-negative bacteria and anti-gram positive bacteria and antiviral composition, can be clearing heat and detoxicating, and anti-inflammation; The bark of eucommia, Echinacea, Poria cocos contain the nutritions such as several amino acids, vitamin, polysaccharide, inorganic salts, flavones and trace element, can promote the prawn growth and strengthen the nospecific immunity effect; Radix Glycyrrhizae is regulated body's immunity, sweet Wen Yiqi, coordinating the drug actions of a prescription; Prescription adds in the feed in proportion, can reach the effect that promotes shelling growth, clearing heat and detoxicating, anti-inflammation, raising immunity of organisms and premunition; This Chinese herbal feed additive is applicable to prawn and uses each growth period.
The present invention promotes the Chinese herbal feed additive of prawn growth, is on the basis of having carried out a large amount of practical applications, according to the traditional medicine ancient prescription, forms in conjunction with prawn physiology, modern immunologic theoretical screening.The present invention promotes that the raw material sources of the Chinese herbal feed additive that prawn grows are extensive, low price, and production technology is simple.The present invention promotes the Chinese herbal feed additive of prawn growth to be used for prawn culturing, can promote growth, prevent and treat disease, easy to use, with low cost, safe without toxic side effect.
The specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment:
1, takes by weighing respectively raw material: root of bidentate achyranthes 100g, Radix Rhapontici seu Radix Echinopsis 100g, Radix Isatidis 100g, bark of eucommia 200g, rheum officinale 50g, Echinacea 200g, Poria cocos 200g, Radix Glycyrrhizae 50g;
2, above-mentioned raw materials is ground into respectively fine powder, crosses 100 mesh sieves;
3, the above-mentioned raw materials powder is fully mixed, the present invention promote the Chinese herbal feed additive of prawn growth.
The present invention promotes the Chinese herbal feed additive of prawn growth to add in the feed, and granulation bait is fed.
Culture experiment: culture experiment continued for 8 weeks, add Chinese herbal feed additive of the present invention the impact that Chinese prawn shells is seen Table 1, add Chinese herbal feed additive of the present invention the impact of Chinese prawn salivary lysozyme is seen Table 2, add Chinese herbal feed additive of the present invention the Chinese prawn affects on the growth is seen Table 3.
Table 1 adds Chinese herbal feed additive of the present invention to the impact of Chinese prawn shelling
As can be seen from Table 1, after adding Chinese herbal feed additive of the present invention, the prawn shelling can be shortened 5-7d the time, the shelling death rate and the non-shelling death rate reduce 2-4 doubly about, but add each group difference of Chinese herbal feed additive of the present invention not significantly (P〉0.05).Do not add the Chinese herbal feed additive group shelling death rate 18% of the present invention, adding feed addictive group concentration of the present invention is 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, the shelling death rate is respectively 3.5%, 3.0%, 3.1%, three groups of differences are not remarkable, and do not add the Chinese herbal feed additive group of the present invention shelling death rate 18% and compare significant difference (P＜0.05).Owing to the death rate after adding Chinese herbal feed additive of the present invention reduces greatly, the quantity that successfully shells obviously increases simultaneously.Therefore, do not compare with adding Chinese herbal feed additive group of the present invention, the prawn gross weight is improved respectively in the unit water surface, and is the highest with 0.5% group.
Table 2 adds Chinese herbal feed additive of the present invention to the impact of Chinese prawn salivary lysozyme
| Group | Lysozyme concentration u/ml | Phenol oxidase concentration OD/mol | Superoxide dismutase u/mol | Total hemocytes count * 10 6Individual/ml |
| Do not add additive of the present invention | 0.142 | 44.23 | 48.56 | 2.40 |
| 0.1% group of additive of the present invention | 0.156 | 53.22 | 49.69 | 3.57 |
| 0.5% group of additive of the present invention | 0.171 | 56.13 | 49.80 | 3.82 |
| 1% group of additive of the present invention | 0.182 | 54.91 | 50.66 | 3.52 |
As can be seen from Table 2, lysozyme concentration brings up to 1% and significantly rise along with adding Chinese herbal feed additive concentration of the present invention in the feed from 0.1% in the Serum of Penaeus Chinensis, do not add in the Chinese herbal feed additive group prawn serum of the present invention lysozyme concentration and significantly be lower than and add Chinese herbal feed additive group of the present invention, and it is not remarkable to add between 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% Chinese herbal feed additive group lysozyme concentration of the present invention difference.Chinese herbal feed additive concentration of the present invention in the feed is increased to 0.5% from 0.1%, and phenol oxidase concentration work raises in the prawn serum, yet when being increased to 1% along with Chinese herbal feed additive concentration of the present invention in the feed from 0.5%, phenol oxidase concentration significantly reduces.It is not remarkable to the serum superoxide dismutases concentration as influencing factor to add Chinese herbal feed additive of the present invention in the feed, although the superoxide dismutase concentration of 1% Chinese herbal feed additive group of the present invention is the highest, yet variance analysis shows that each group difference is not remarkable.Total hemocytes count does not add Chinese herbal feed additive group of the present invention and significantly is lower than and adds Chinese herbal feed additive group of the present invention in the prawn blood plasma, and it is not remarkable to add 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% Chinese herbal feed additive total hemocytes count group difference of the present invention.Be to add concentration and the total hemocytes count that Chinese herbal feed additive of the present invention can significantly improve prawn lysozyme and phenol oxidase in the feed.Best with 0.5% interpolation group.
Table 3 adds Chinese herbal feed additive of the present invention to Chinese prawn affects on the growth unit: cm, g, %
| Group | Just body is long | End-body is long | First body weight | End-body is heavy | Relative growth rate | The relative weight gain rate |
| Do not add additive of the present invention | 10.27 | 10.47 | 9.2 | 11.3 | 1.95 | 22.83 |
| 0.1% group of additive of the present invention | 10.22 | 10.55 | 8.9 | 11.1 | 3.20 | 24.71 |
| 0.5% group of additive of the present invention | 10.21 | 10.61 | 8.9 | 11.6 | 3.92 | 30.33 |
| 1% group of additive of the present invention | 10.26 | 10.53 | 9.2 | 11.2 | 2.63 | 21.70 |
As can be seen from Table 3, throw something and feed contain the feed of 0.1%, 0.5%, 1% Chinese herbal feed additive group of the present invention after, the growth rate of prawn and the relative weight gain rate all are significantly improved, and do not add Chinese herbal feed additive group significant difference of the present invention (P＜0.05).The growth rate of not adding Chinese herbal feed additive group of the present invention after the off-test is 2.63 %～3.20%, and the relative weight gain rate is 21.70 %～30.33%; And the growth rate of 0.5% Chinese herbal feed additive group of the present invention reaches 3.92%, and the relative weight gain rate reaches 30.33%, and is better with 0.5% Chinese herbal feed additive group effect of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. Chinese herbal feed additive that promotes prawn growth is characterized in that it is made by the raw material of following weight proportioning: root of bidentate achyranthes 2-3 part, Radix Rhapontici seu Radix Echinopsis 2-3 part, Radix Isatidis 2-3 part, bark of eucommia 2-4 part, rheum officinale 0.5-1 part, Echinacea 3-4 part, Poria cocos 3-4 part, Radix Glycyrrhizae 1-2 part.
2. the Chinese herbal feed additive of promotion according to claim 1 prawn growth is characterized in that it is made by the raw material of following weight proportioning: 2 parts of the roots of bidentate achyranthes, 2 parts of Radix Rhapontici seu Radix Echinopsis, 2 parts of Radix Isatidis, 4 parts of the barks of eucommia, 1 part of rheum officinale, 4 parts of Echinaceas, 4 parts in Poria cocos, 1 part in Radix Glycyrrhizae.
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| CN103919889A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-07-16 | 青岛农业大学 | Traditional Chinese medicine composition for enhancing turbot immunity |
| CN105192393A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2015-12-30 | 无锡市南阳湖水产科技有限公司 | Feed for small-sized shrimp aquatic product |
| CN105393957A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2016-03-16 | 袁生咬 | Aquaculture method for freshwater shrimp incubation seedling |
| CN105639205A (en) * | 2016-01-23 | 2016-06-08 | 黄庆辉 | Chinese herbal medicine feed additive capable of lowering death rate of macrobrachium rosenbergii |
| CN106260771A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2017-01-04 | 广西正五海洋产业股份有限公司 | A kind of special feed formula improving phoenix tail prawns meat |
| CN107927449A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-04-20 | 李六秀 | The preparation method of microbial fermentation prawn feed |
| CN109362968A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-02-22 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of plant extract feed additive and application preventing and treating porcine respiratory disease and strengthen immunity |
| CN110973406A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-04-10 | 珠海容川饲料有限公司 | Environment-friendly compound feed for macrobrachium rosenbergii |
| CN112450331A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-03-09 | 江西九正药业有限公司 | Composite premixed feed for prawns as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115590113A (en) * | 2022-10-14 | 2023-01-13 | 宁波大学（Cn） | Chrysanthemum indicum feed additive and application thereof in prawn culture |
| CN116268193A (en) * | 2023-04-17 | 2023-06-23 | 广东信豚生物科技有限公司 | Composition for promoting growth and shelling of shrimps and crabs and preparation method thereof |
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| CN115590113A (en) * | 2022-10-14 | 2023-01-13 | 宁波大学（Cn） | Chrysanthemum indicum feed additive and application thereof in prawn culture |
| CN116268193A (en) * | 2023-04-17 | 2023-06-23 | 广东信豚生物科技有限公司 | Composition for promoting growth and shelling of shrimps and crabs and preparation method thereof |
| CN116268193B (en) * | 2023-04-17 | 2023-11-03 | 广东信豚生物科技有限公司 | Composition for promoting growth and shelling of shrimps and crabs and preparation method thereof |
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