CN102835227A - High-yield cultivation technology for oat in high and cold areas - Google Patents
High-yield cultivation technology for oat in high and cold areas Download PDFInfo
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- CN102835227A CN102835227A CN 201110170581 CN201110170581A CN102835227A CN 102835227 A CN102835227 A CN 102835227A CN 201110170581 CN201110170581 CN 201110170581 CN 201110170581 A CN201110170581 A CN 201110170581A CN 102835227 A CN102835227 A CN 102835227A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-yield cultivation technology for oat in high and cold areas, belongs to the field of agricultural planting and aims to increase the yield of the oat under the severe planting condition. The cultivation technology mainly aims to the oat crops in the high and cold areas and the high-yield cultivation technology for the oat in the high and cold areas is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1), scientifically selecting varieties with high stress resistance, high yield and high quality; (2), selecting a proper planting land and performing crop rotation reasonably; (3), performing land preparation and fertilization, wherein the key point of soil cultivation is to perform land preparation early and turn and rake deeply and the best effect is achieved when land preparation is performed in autumn; (4), timely planting, wherein the proper plating period of the oat is from April 25th to May 15th and the best plating period is before and after the Tomb-sweeping Day; (5), selecting proper sowing quantity, wherein the field sowing quantity of seeds is 187.5 kg/hm<2>; (6), preventing and controlling diseases and pests; (7), performing field management comprising weeding and top dressing; (8), timely harvesting; and (9), storing safely. The invention aims to provide a scientific high-quality cultivation technology for realizing high yield of the oat in northern high and cold areas so as to provide technical support for deep processing of oat agricultural products and industrialized development of the oat crops.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the high-yield culture technique of a kind of high and cold area oat, belong to the agricultural planting field, be intended to improve the output of oat under abominable planting conditions.
Background technology
Oat is a grass family Avena annual herb plant, and at the cultivation history in existing more than 2100 year of China, the main place of production is the above highland and severe cold areas of height above sea level 1000m such as the Inner Mongol, Hebei, Shanxi.Mostly its seed is edible, and stalk then is good forage grass source.The nutrition of oat seed is extremely abundant, contains exclusive saponin in vitamin B1, B2 and a small amount of vitamin E, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin b3 and the cereal crop.The area of the oat of north China plantation at present is very limited, and due to the many reasons of local soil, weather and planting technology, amount of oat yield is not high.It is the new proposition in present agri-scientific research field that the oat crop is promoted in the large tracts of land of northern area.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind ofly to be applicable to that northern high and cold area plantation oat realizes the science superior quality cultivation technique of high yield, for the deep processing that realizes the oat agricultural product and the industrialized development of oat crop provide technical support.
Culture technique of the present invention is primarily aimed at the oat crop of high and cold area, it is characterized in that: the oat high-yield culture technique of high and cold area comprises:
(1), science seed selection: select strong stress resistance, output is high, colory kind.Should carry out seed cleaning before the sowing, reject granule, blighted grain, worm grain and impurity, select big, the full seed of grain.Select fine day, selected good seed was tedded 2-3 days,, promote the neat seedling of seedling strong, cultivate and obtain high yield strong sprout to improve germination rate.
(2) select suitable sowing ground: the unsuitable continuous cropping of oat, on the basis of efficent rotation, select for use beans, corn, beet, potato, melon etc. before stubble.The oat place of production should be chosen in ecological condition good, away from pollution source, comparatively nice and cool moistening area.Soil should select that soil plough horizon is deep, physical features is smooth, the soil is porous, fertile loam or sandy loam.
(3) site preparation and fertilization: the soil cultivation emphasis is early wholely, ploughs deeply rake, and best with autumn whole ground effect, the 10-25cm that generally deep ploughs is advisable.Harrow immediately after ploughing, side drag is ploughed on drag or limit, time, suppression; If have little time whole ground of autumn, also can whole ground of spring, rotary tillage, rake, require in small, broken bits, smooth, the soil moisture conservation of soil wholely.Combine whole ground in soil, to use sufficient base fertilizer simultaneously.Execute urea 200-225kg/hm
2, threeflod calcium superphosphate fertilizer or diammonium phosphate 65-70kg/hm
2
(4) begin sowing in good time: generally when early spring, soil thawed about 10cm left and right sides, can sow.The suitable sowing date of oat April 25 to May 15, optimum sowing time be clear and bright before and after, surpass grain rains at the latest.According to precipitation event, the sowing of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil is particularly crucial, and grabbing seedling is a major measure of nonirrigated farmland oat high yield.Preferably adopt mechanical planting or the drilling of artificial trench digging, should not broadcast sowing.Drill spacing 15-20cm, the degree of depth is advisable with 5-6cm, prevents replay, broadcast leakage, sows and wants the depth consistent, and sowing evenly combines soil and seed with broadcasting back a kind of farm tools closely, and the sudden strain of a muscle bud prevents to leak out.
(5) suitable seeding quantity: for the seed-breeding field amount of broadcasting is 187.5kg/hm
2, receiving the green grass field amount of broadcasting is 225kg/hm
2
(6) extermination of disease and insect pest: the method for preventing and treating of oat common disease insect pest: the hard black fringe of oat is sick, and the method control of available seed dressing with carbendazim or thiophanate methyl, is dressed seed with the 0.2%-0.3% of seed weight; The oat red-leaf disease is with the DDT EC spraying of the Rogor of 2000-3000 times of liquid 40% or the 3000 times of liquid 80% aphid control of going out; Mythimna separata is with the sumicidin missible oil spraying control of dichlorvos or 4000 times of liquid 20% of 800-1000 times of liquid 80%, fluid volume 600-750kg/hm
2The control of beet webworm, to 3 age prelarva can use 2.5% pesticide spray such as the decis control of 4000 times of liquid.
(7) the field management weeding is topdressed: in seedling stage, and the oat poor growth, weed growth is rapid, and the normal growth of oat is suppressed, and severe patient causes seedling dead.Therefore, necessary weeding in seedling stage, roguing.Because the ability of seedling bursting soil skin, so, after planting, emerge before, harden like the face of land, in time break the table that loosens the soil, the elimination hardening layer.It is main strengthening topdressing with nitrogenous fertilizer, and collocation carbamate additives for low phosphorus, potash fertilizer, and fertilising is mainly being tillered and the shooting stage carries out.
(8) gather in the crops: artificial results and mechanical harvest carried out in late dough, selected no dew, sunny weather to carry out in good time.The results back in time breaks away from, airing, and water content reaches below 14%, can carry out drying through nature, artificial advanced method.The oat grain maturing stage is inconsistent, and normally the seed on fringe top is ripe, and the seed of fringe bottom is still in grouting.Also be that the base portion seed is ripe earlier on same small ear, top seed after ripening.Therefore, fringe top seed reaches complete ripeness, and the bottom seed is when getting into stage of wax ripeness, is optimum period of results oat, and this moment, the seed dry-matter accumulation reached maximum, and the stem stalk is flexible still, and wheat head difficult drop-off during harvesting through cutting solarization, carries out threshing after seed dries.
(9) safe storage: the seed storage storehouse requires waterproof, protection against rodents, insect protected, fire prevention, drying, ventilation, and relative moisture is no more than 60%.The personal management makes regular check on.At duration of storage, reserve temperature is controlled at below 15, and the oat grain water content is controlled at about 13%.
Embodiment
The present invention is a common oat varieties of introducing Zhangjiakou City Zhangbei County, Hebei province, through artificial purification and rejuvenation, the oat new varieties that screening forms.
Specifically the process of planting experimentally is:
1, autumn whole ground effect is early put in order ground, is ploughed deeply rake deep ploughing 10-25cm.Harrow immediately after ploughing, side drag is ploughed on drag or limit, time, suppression; Require in small, broken bits, smooth, the soil moisture conservation of soil, combine whole ground in soil, to use sufficient base fertilizer simultaneously.
2, select strong stress resistance, output is high, colory kind.Wherein early-maturing variety No. 2, No. 6, Bai Yan that mainly contain the dam oats, medium variety mainly contain No. 1, dam oats and white swallow No. 4 etc.Select big, the full seed of grain.Select fine day, selected good seed was tedded 2-3 days.
3, clear and bright front and back surpass grain rains at the latest.According to precipitation event, mechanical planting, drill spacing 15-20cm, the degree of depth is with 5-6cm.
4, enhance field management: weeding in seedling stage, roguing.Harden like the face of land, the in time broken table that loosens the soil is eliminated hardening layer.It is main strengthening topdressing with nitrogenous fertilizer, and collocation carbamate additives for low phosphorus, potash fertilizer, and fertilising is mainly being tillered and the shooting stage carries out.
5, in time anti-eliminating aphis: oat advances booting stage and heading stage, aphid was taken place easily, and a situation arises to note observing aphid, when spot film takes place, prevents administrated method: with 800 times of Rogor medicaments or 1000 times of 24.5% green dimension worm mite reagent spray control.
6, gather in the crops: do the airing threshing well in good time.When oat gets into milking maturity latter stage, look weather condition and in time gather in airing.Through after the airing in 5-7 days, select sunny weather to carry out threshing.
Claims (1)
1. one kind is applicable to that northern high and cold area plantation oat realizes the science superior quality cultivation technique of high yield, and it is characterized in that: the culture technique of high and cold area oat comprises:
(1), science seed selection: select strong stress resistance, output is high, colory kind.Should carry out seed cleaning before the sowing, select big, the full seed of grain.
(2), select suitable sowing ground: the unsuitable continuous cropping of oat, on the basis of efficent rotation, select for use beans, corn, beet, potato, melon etc. before stubble.
(3), site preparation and fertilization: the soil cultivation emphasis is early wholely, ploughs deeply rake, and 10-25cm generally deep ploughs.Use sufficient base fertilizer simultaneously.Execute urea 200-225kg/hm
2, diammonium phosphate 65-70kg/hm
2
(4), begin sowing in good time: the suitable sowing date of oat April 25 to May 15, optimum sowing time be clear and bright before and after, surpass grain rains at the latest.Preferably adopt mechanical planting or the drilling of artificial trench digging, should not broadcast sowing.Drill spacing 15-20cm, the degree of depth is advisable with 5-6cm.
(5), suitable seeding quantity: for the seed-breeding field amount of broadcasting is 187.5kg/hm
2, receiving the green grass field amount of broadcasting is 225kg/hm
2
(6), the extermination of disease and insect pest: the method for preventing and treating of oat common disease insect pest: the hard black fringe of oat is sick, the method control of available seed dressing.
(7), the field management weeding is topdressed: necessary weeding in seedling stage, roguing.It is main strengthening topdressing with nitrogenous fertilizer, and arrange in pairs or groups carbamate additives for low phosphorus, potash fertilizer.
(8), gather in the crops: artificial results and mechanical harvest carried out in late dough, selected no dew, sunny weather to carry out in good time.
(9), safe storage: seed storage requires waterproof, protection against rodents, fire prevention, the dry ventilation.At duration of storage, temperature is controlled at below 15, and the oat grain water content is controlled at about 13%.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 201110170581 CN102835227A (en) | 2011-06-23 | 2011-06-23 | High-yield cultivation technology for oat in high and cold areas |
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| CN 201110170581 CN102835227A (en) | 2011-06-23 | 2011-06-23 | High-yield cultivation technology for oat in high and cold areas |
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| CN102835227A true CN102835227A (en) | 2012-12-26 |
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| CN 201110170581 Pending CN102835227A (en) | 2011-06-23 | 2011-06-23 | High-yield cultivation technology for oat in high and cold areas |
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103229760A (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2013-08-07 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Comprehensive weeding method of oat field |
| CN105940938A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-09-21 | 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 | High-yield oat cultivation method in semi-arid region |
| CN106613239A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-10 | 庆阳敦博科技发展有限公司 | Plastic-mulch covering planting method for oats |
| CN106818143A (en) * | 2017-01-06 | 2017-06-13 | 安徽省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | A kind of Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley tall oat grass survives the winter implantation methods |
| CN108094066A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-06-01 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of method using drought-hit area pointer-type irrigated area drought angle plantation tall oat grass |
| CN108112430A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-06-05 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of high latitude is trembled with fear the implantation methods of area tall oat grass |
| CN108337954A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-07-31 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of implantation methods of the cold area tall oat grass of high latitude |
| CN108353744A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-08-03 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of implantation methods of the cold area tall oat grass of high latitude |
| CN108718961A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-11-02 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院草业科学研究所 | Alpine-arctic Pastoral oat artificial method for planting |
| CN109349029A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-02-19 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of implantation methods of high latitude cold area oat and the double receipts of the double grass of grazing Brassica napus |
| CN111466264A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-07-31 | 沧州市农林科学院 | Annual irrigation-free soil moisture-suitable planting and cultivating method for forage crops |
| CN114258754A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-04-01 | 宁夏大学 | Wild bromus formosanus seed field breeding method |
| CN114532165A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-27 | 延安市农业科学研究所 | Method for preventing hybrid planting by crop variety resource propagation |
| CN114651682A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-06-24 | 河南农业大学 | Planting mode of 'winter oat grass and summer corn' in Huang-Huai-Hai region |
-
2011
- 2011-06-23 CN CN 201110170581 patent/CN102835227A/en active Pending
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103229760A (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2013-08-07 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Comprehensive weeding method of oat field |
| CN105940938A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-09-21 | 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 | High-yield oat cultivation method in semi-arid region |
| CN106613239A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-10 | 庆阳敦博科技发展有限公司 | Plastic-mulch covering planting method for oats |
| CN106818143A (en) * | 2017-01-06 | 2017-06-13 | 安徽省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | A kind of Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley tall oat grass survives the winter implantation methods |
| CN108337954A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-07-31 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of implantation methods of the cold area tall oat grass of high latitude |
| CN108112430A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-06-05 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of high latitude is trembled with fear the implantation methods of area tall oat grass |
| CN108094066A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-06-01 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of method using drought-hit area pointer-type irrigated area drought angle plantation tall oat grass |
| CN108353744A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-08-03 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of implantation methods of the cold area tall oat grass of high latitude |
| CN108718961A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-11-02 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院草业科学研究所 | Alpine-arctic Pastoral oat artificial method for planting |
| CN109349029A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-02-19 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of implantation methods of high latitude cold area oat and the double receipts of the double grass of grazing Brassica napus |
| CN111466264A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-07-31 | 沧州市农林科学院 | Annual irrigation-free soil moisture-suitable planting and cultivating method for forage crops |
| CN114258754A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-04-01 | 宁夏大学 | Wild bromus formosanus seed field breeding method |
| CN114651682A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-06-24 | 河南农业大学 | Planting mode of 'winter oat grass and summer corn' in Huang-Huai-Hai region |
| CN114532165A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-27 | 延安市农业科学研究所 | Method for preventing hybrid planting by crop variety resource propagation |
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Application publication date: 20121226 |