CN111466264A - Annual irrigation-free soil moisture-suitable planting and cultivating method for forage crops - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a year-round irrigation-free soil moisture-adaptive planting and cultivating method for forage crops, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation. The invention provides a set of stable annual forage grass supply soil moisture-adaptive planting and cultivating method without irrigation aiming at the climatic ecological characteristics of coastal low plain areas, which comprises the following steps: step 1, planting spring sowing silage corns; step 2, mulching a plastic film to store rain; step 3, planting triticale; step 4, planting the silage corns sowed in summer; step 5, deeply ploughing soil and carrying out rotary tillage treatment; and 6, planting properly. Through the analysis of annual rain and heat resources in the area, forage grass crops suitable for planting at different time nodes are reasonably matched, and annual irrigation-free production and supply of forage grass are realized by scientific coupling of the forage grass crops and climate resources and a rain collection, soil moisture preservation and water storage technology matched with the forage grass crops. The method realizes annual irrigation-free production, greatly improves the supply of high-quality forage grass, and plays a positive supporting role in promoting agricultural income increase and animal husbandry development.

Description

Annual irrigation-free soil moisture-suitable planting and cultivating method for forage crops

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and particularly relates to a year-round irrigation-free soil moisture-suitable planting and cultivating method for forage crops.

Background

At present, the price of the imported pasture grass rises rapidly, and certain influence is brought to the development of the milk industry and the animal husbandry, so that the adjustment of the planting structure and the realization of the self-sufficiency of the pasture grass production are important in future agricultural development in China.

The Bohai sea low plain area relates to the parts of the areas of Hebei province, Shandong province and Tianjin City, is in a warm zone, has rich light and heat resources, is an important agricultural planting area in China, relates to a cultivated land area of more than 3000 mu of ten thousand, and is a medium and low yield field with more than 60 percent. The annual rainfall of the area is generally 400mm-600mm, more than 80% of rainfall is concentrated between 7 months and 9 months, the annual accumulated temperature is about 4500 ℃, pasture planting mainly comprises alfalfa and silage corns, the variety is single, the development of the animal husbandry and the forage grass industry is not facilitated, in recent years, although some novel high-quality forage grass is introduced, such as forage oat, triticale, sorghum and the like, the scale is small, the yield is unstable due to the lack of planting technology and planting methods suitable for the climatic conditions of coastal low plateau areas, the sowing period is random, heat and land waste caused by improper connection with succeeding crops is caused, and the development of the pasture grass industry and the increase of the income of grasses and farmers are influenced. In addition, the silage corns serving as the main crop of 'grain-to-feed' are planted in the area in a disordered manner, the average yield is less than 3 tons/mu and is far lower than the average level of 4 tons/mu in the whole country, so that a novel pasture planting technology and a planting method are urgently needed in a low plain area of the Bohai and the Bohai sea, and the effective implementation of a 'grain-to-feed' project and the stable supply of a forage grass industry are guaranteed.

At present, the forage grass production and cultivation method in the area mainly adopts the following modes:

1. method for planting silage corn-winter wheat in two crops in one year

With the implementation of the project of 'changing grains into feeds', the planting area of the silage corns is gradually increased, the local planting mode mainly adopts the silage corns and the wheat for two crops in one year, namely the winter wheat is planted in 10 months every year, the silage corns are planted in summer after the wheat is harvested in 6 months, the planting technology is the traditional flat planting technology, and the manual irrigation is adopted in autumn or spring drought.

2. Method for planting silage corns one crop at a time in one year

There is no irrigation condition in the dry farming area, the rainfall in autumn generally can not satisfy the wheat seeding, a large amount of land can only be left unused in winter and spring, enter the rainy season in Wu Liu Yue, plant a season of silage corn.

3. Alfalfa-silage corn crop rotation planting mode

The planting mode is that the alfalfa is turned over after 5-7 years of planting, the gramineous crops such as silage corn and the like are planted in a reverse mode for 1-2 years, and then the alfalfa is continuously planted to form an alfalfa-silage corn rotation mode.

The above-described planting pattern has the following disadvantages:

1. the planting mode of silage corns and wheat for one year and two stubbles can be met thermally in the area, but along with the implementation of the underground water limited mining policy in the coastal low and flat area, a large number of agricultural motor-pumped wells are sealed and cannot be irrigated, and when precipitation in autumn cannot meet the requirement of wheat seeding, the planting mode is quite unstable and is often changed into the mode of planting silage corns in summer in one season every year.

2. The mode of planting in one crop in one year results in serious land waste and low feed supply, which affects the development of animal husbandry and dairy industry. The planting of one crop of silage corns in one year is mainly sowing the silage corns in summer or in spring, the average yield is about 3 tons/mu, and is 4 tons/mu lower than the average level of the whole country. The spring sowing silage corns are mainly affected by spring drought and large temperature fluctuation, so that neck drought is easy to occur, the yield of grains is low, and the quality of the silage corns is affected.

3. The alfalfa-silage corn rotation planting mode is stable and suitable for local production, but the planting period of alfalfa as a perennial crop is fixed, the soil turnover rate is low, and the alfalfa serving as a high-quality protein feed cannot replace the effect of a high-quality starch feed in animal husbandry, taking the north Hebei province as an example, the 21 st document of the north Hebei province in 2019 promulgates the runt program for milk industry revivification planning, the specified rule in the runt program, and 150 ten thousand mu of high-quality pasture is developed in the whole province in 2022, wherein 50 ten thousand mu of high-quality alfalfa is used, so that an efficient planting method of other forage grasses except the alfalfa is actively searched.

In conclusion, the coastal low plain area is used as a traditional pasture production base, a novel high-efficiency forage grass planting method except alfalfa is lacked, the existing forage grass planting method is seriously lagged behind, the requirements of rapidly developing animal husbandry and dairy industry cannot be met, and the planting method innovation is urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a stable annual water-content-suitable forage grass cultivation method without irrigation aiming at the climatic ecological characteristics of coastal low-plain areas. The method analyzes the continuous rainfall condition for many years by analyzing the moisture which is the main factor for limiting the forage grass production in the area, determines the rainfall probability in each season, and matches with different forage grass for planting, thereby improving the operability and stability of the technology and really realizing the annual irrigation-free production of the forage grass. Meanwhile, by combining and using various measures such as a rain-collecting and soil-moisture-preserving planting technology of spring-sowed silage corns, a mulching film covering and soil-moisture-preserving technology, a triticale (oat) severe suppression technology, a triticale (oat) topdressing water-soluble fertilizer technology, a soil deep ploughing and rotary tillage technology before winter and the like, the efficient utilization of rainwater in the area and the reduction of the evaporation of soil moisture are realized to the maximum extent, and an irrigation-free planting mode for producing forage grass is realized, which cannot be realized by any single technology.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a year-round irrigation-free soil moisture-suitable planting and cultivating method for forage crops, which comprises the following steps:

step 1, planting spring sowing silage corn

Before sowing, dressing seeds with a biological agent by using pseudomonas fluorescens, sowing spring corn in the last ten days of May, and conventionally managing by adopting a sowing mode of firstly ridging, laminating on ridges and sowing in a film-measuring ditch through a professional machine.

Step 2, mulching film to store rain

The silage spring corn is harvested in the general late 8 th of the month, the mulching film is kept complete during the harvesting process, and the functions of covering, preserving soil moisture and reducing transpiration are continuously exerted.

Step 3, planting triticale

In the period from late 8 th to early 10 th of the month in the positive rainy season, the soil moisture content can completely meet the requirement of triticale seeding by adding a thin film for covering at the beginning of 10 months. The triticale is managed according to the dry farming technical specification, and mainly comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a drought-resistant high-yield high-quality triticale variety; (2) applying enough base fertilizer; (3) well preparing and pressing the seeds after sowing, before winter and after green turning to prevent soil moisture leakage and air leakage; (4) applying water soluble fertilizer (20kg of urea and 200g of monopotassium phosphate) in the turning green and getting up period; (5) harvesting in a suitable period.

Step 4, planting the silage corn in summer

After the triticale is harvested, the area enters a rainy season, and the summer-sowed silage corns are tightly grabbed and planted in the rainy season. Adopting a pseudomonas fluorescens seed mixing technology, adopting a wide-narrow row (70/40cm) planting mode, carrying out conventional management and harvesting in a wax ripeness stage.

Step 5, deep soil turning and rotary tillage treatment

After harvesting the corn planted in summer and ensiled, tightly holding the soil, and carrying out deep ploughing and rotary tillage, wherein the depth is 40cm, and the rotary tillage is 15 cm. Experiments show that the deep ploughing and rotary tillage treatment can effectively improve the water storage capacity of the soil, accumulate rain and snow in winter to the maximum extent, and sow and store the soil moisture for the spring of the next year.

Step 6, planting in proper place

After the summer corn is harvested, determining the variety of the planted pasture according to the soil moisture content.

1. If the rainfall is abundant and suitable for sowing, the triticale can be firmly sowed, see step 3.

2. If the drought is rainy and the seeding requirement cannot be met, fallow in winter is adopted. In the middle 3 months of the second year, the type of the pasture is determined according to the rainfall condition of one winter:

(1) if the soil moisture content is better in the middle 3 months, the oats are sowed in the middle 3 months while the soil moisture is still in place. The main technical points are as follows: a. selecting proper oat varieties; b. applying enough base fertilizer; c. pressing in time after the surface soil is dry and yellow; d. the water-soluble fertilizer is applied before the jointing stage, 15kg of urea and 200g of monopotassium phosphate are applied per mu, or the fertilizer is applied when the rain falls, so that the problem of late-stage fertilizer release can be effectively solved; e. harvesting at proper period, and concocting with hay or making into silage.

(2) If the soil moisture content is insufficient in the middle 3 months, the method is not suitable for planting oat, the method can wait for 4 to 5 months, during which the silage spring corn is sown in the soil moisture rush after the rain, the rainfall probability of more than 20mm is more than 80% every year, a ridging, film-covering and side-sowing planting mode is adopted, the step 1 is repeated, and the triticale is sown in time after harvesting.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

through the accurate analysis of annual rain and heat resources in the area, forage grass crops suitable for planting at different time nodes are reasonably matched, scientific coupling of the forage grass crops and climate resources and a rain collection, soil moisture preservation and water storage technology matched with the forage grass crops are utilized, annual irrigation-free production and supply of forage grass are realized, and the annual rain collection, soil moisture preservation and water storage technology highly conforms to the national policy of limited harvest and fallow in the area. Compared with the traditional planting method, not only the annual irrigation-free production is realized, but also the supply of high-quality forage grass is greatly improved, and the active supporting effect on promoting the agricultural income increase and the animal husbandry development is achieved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the annual irrigation-free soil moisture-suitable planting and cultivating method for forage crops.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of the rainfall and the soil moisture content in different treatments in example 4.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the temperature changes of the soil layers of 0-80cm in the whole growth period of the corn in different modes of ridging and mulching in example 7.

FIG. 4 is a soil temperature plot of 0-80cm soil layers 1-5 weeks after corn seedlings emerge in different modes of ridging and mulching in example 7.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the variation of water storage capacity of the soil in spring-sowed silage corns with different furrow widths in the ridging and mulching of example 8.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the average water storage capacity of soil 1-5 weeks after emergence of spring-sown silage corn in different modes of ridging and mulching in example 8.

FIG. 7 is a scanned map of the root system of the corn in the seedling stage after seed dressing treatment by different application amounts of the microbial inoculum in example 13.

Detailed Description

Example 1

The annual irrigation-free soil moisture-suitable planting and cultivating method for the forage crops, provided by the embodiment, comprises the following steps;

step 1, planting spring sowing silage corn

Before sowing, using pseudomonas fluorescens to carry out seed dressing by using bacterial liquid 150ml per mu, wherein the effective viable count of the bacterial agent is more than or equal to 5 hundred million/ml. Sowing spring corns in the early morning of May, sowing 5000 plants/mu, adopting a wide-narrow row planting mode, firstly ridging through a professional machine, wherein the ridge width is 70cm, covering a film on the ridge, measuring a film and sowing in a furrow, the row spacing of the corns in the furrow is 40cm, and managing the field conventionally.

Through ridging tectorial membrane, can play to collect the amplification effect to the small rainfall in this region spring to can effectively reduce soil moisture transpiration, improve ground temperature and moisture utilization efficiency, promote seedling early-onset and root system growth, it is very favorable to improving later stage lodging resistance, the high yield stable production of guarantee silage maize under the no irrigation condition.

Step 2, mulching film to store rain

The silage spring corns are harvested in the last 8 months generally, the mulching film is kept complete during the harvesting process as much as possible, the function of covering and preserving soil moisture and reducing transpiration is continuously exerted, and rainfall is accumulated for 9 months before the triticale is sowed. As can be seen from Table 1, the precipitation amount of rye in 11 years and 9 months is more than 30mm in 7 years, the seeding of triticale can be completely met under the condition of soil moisture preservation, the precipitation amount of rye in the other 4 years is about 20mm, and the seeding requirement can be met under the condition of film coverage.

Table 1. precipitation conditions in coastal low plain area of last 10 months are shown in units: mm is

Year of year	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
												Amount of rainfall	73.4	85.5	57.7	109.4	36.3	16.3	175.9	37.3	19	20.4	15.9

Step 3, planting triticale

The triticale planting should be managed according to the dry farming technical specification, and the method mainly comprises the following steps: 1. selecting a drought-resistant high-yield high-quality small rye variety; 2. applying enough base fertilizer; 3. well preparing and pressing the seeds after sowing, before winter and after green turning to prevent soil moisture leakage and air leakage; 4. applying water soluble fertilizer (20kg of urea and 200g of monopotassium phosphate) in the turning green and getting up period; 5. harvesting in a suitable period.

Step 4, planting the silage corn in summer

After the triticale is harvested, the area enters a rainy season, and the summer-sowed silage corns are tightly grabbed and planted in the rainy season. Adopting a pseudomonas fluorescens agent seed mixing technology, using 150ml of bacterial liquid per mu, completing seeding in late 6 months with the effective viable count of the bacterial agent being more than or equal to 5 hundred million/ml, sowing 5000 plants per mu, adopting a planting mode of 40/70cm wide and narrow rows, performing conventional management and harvesting in a wax ripeness stage.

Step 5, soil deep ploughing and rotary tillage treatment

After harvesting the corn planted in summer and ensiled, tightly holding the soil, and carrying out deep ploughing and rotary tillage, wherein the deep ploughing is 40cm, and the rotary tillage is 15 cm. Experiments show that the deep ploughing and rotary tillage treatment can effectively improve the water storage capacity of the soil, accumulate rain and snow in winter to the maximum extent, and sow and store the soil moisture for the spring of the next year.

Step 6, planting in proper place

After the summer corn is harvested, determining the variety of the planted pasture according to the soil moisture content.

1. If the rainfall is abundant and suitable for sowing, the triticale can be firmly sown, see step 3.

2. If the drought is rainy and the seeding requirement cannot be met, fallow in winter is adopted. In the middle 3 months of the second year, the type of the pasture is determined according to the rainfall condition of one winter:

(1) if the soil moisture content is better in the middle 3 months, the oats are sowed in the middle 3 months while the soil moisture is still in place. The main technical points are as follows: a. selecting proper oat varieties; b. applying enough base fertilizer; c. pressing in time after the surface soil is dry and yellow; d. the water-soluble fertilizer is applied before the jointing stage, 15kg of urea and 200g of monopotassium phosphate are applied per mu, or the fertilizer is applied when the rain falls, so that the problem of late-stage fertilizer release can be effectively solved; e. harvesting at proper period, and making into dried grass or ensiling.

(2) If the soil moisture content is insufficient in the middle 3 months, the method is not suitable for planting oat, the method can wait until the last 4 months to the last 5 months, during which the silage spring corn is sown in the soil moisture rush after the rain, the rainfall probability of more than 20mm is more than 80% every year, a ridging, film covering and side sowing planting mode is adopted, the step 1 is repeated, and the triticale is sown in time after harvesting.

Through the adjustment of the farming and planting method, the annual production of pasture can be realized under the condition of no irrigation all the year round, and the method is a great upgrade of the traditional planting method.

Example 2

In this embodiment, three general varieties of diet feed, namely dica 653, denuding 618 and C1210, are selected for the comparison test of pretreatment in winter, and the steps are as follows:

the test adopts the design of a split zone test, the main treatment is a winter pretreatment mode A, and 3 levels are set, namely A1: deeply turning for 40cm before winter; a2: carrying out rotary tillage for 25cm before winter; a3: before winter, the secondary treatment is a farming way B, 2 levels are set, and the levels are B1: ridging, film mulching and planting; b2: and (5) flat planting.

The experiment totaled 18 treatments, each of which was repeated three times, with a cell area of 5 x 6 to 30m²The method is characterized in that wide and narrow row planting is adopted, the width row is 70cm, the narrow row is 40cm, ridge forming and film covering planting are adopted, ridge with the width of about 15cm is formed on the wide row, a 90cm mulching film is covered on the ridge, the thickness of the mulching film is 0.08cm, film side planting is carried out, the plant spacing is 24cm, single plant planting is carried out, and the planting quantity per mu is 5000 plants/mu. Adopts a double-plant sowing mode, and seedlings are planted in 3-4 leaf periods.

Sowing in 5 months and 14 days, watering before sowing, applying nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (15-15-15) in a rotary tillage mode, wherein 50 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied, and emergence of seedlings is carried out in 5 months and 21 days. The test was conducted in the first village camp test site in cang county paper house. The results of the comparison of the growth periods of the 3 varieties are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 physiological maturity stage of maize under different treatment regimes

As can be seen from Table 2, the pretreatment in winter has no significant influence on the growth period of the corn, and the physiological maturity periods of 3 varieties of corn treated before winter are consistent, so the influence of the film covering treatment on the growth period is mainly analyzed, and through the analysis on the table above, the film covering planting of the three varieties is shorter by 2 days than the flat planting seedling emergence period, the growth period is shortened by 3-5 days, but the film covering planting mainly shortens the time of the vegetative growth stage, but the time of the reproductive growth stage is prolonged, the prolongation of the reproductive growth time is beneficial to the dry matter accumulation of grains, and the starch content of the silage corn can be improved.

The results of comparison of yield performance of 3 varieties in different planting modes are shown in table 3.

TABLE 3 comparison of corn yields for different treatment regimes

From the above table, the yield performance of the deep scarification film covering treatment mode is the best, the difference between the yield performance of the rotary tillage film covering treatment in the dica 653 is not significant, the difference between the other two treatments is significant, and the fission treatment variance analysis shows that the difference between the yield of the dica 653 and the yield of the rotary tillage film covering treatment is not significant, and the difference between the two other varieties reaches significant levels. The influence of the farming method on the yield reaches a remarkable level in three varieties, and the yield of ridging and film-mulching planting is remarkably higher than that of flat planting.

Example 3

The comparison of water storage capacity in winter is carried out to soil treatment mode before this embodiment adopts different winter.

Before seeding and watering in 11 months in 2018 and 5 months and 8 days in 2019, the rainfall is 52mm in total, the average water storage capacity of 0-100cm soil is 306.53mm deeply ploughed before winter in the period, the average water storage capacity of 0-100cm soil after rotary tillage treatment before winter is 279.43mm, the average water storage capacity of 0-100cm soil after no rotary tillage treatment before winter is 261.01mm, and the analysis shows that the rain storage capacity of the soil in winter can be improved by soil treatment before winter such as ploughing and rotary tillage. The comparison results of the water contents of the soils with different treatment ranges of 0-100cm are shown in table 4, and the water contents of the soils with the water contents of 0-30cm which are not treated before winter can be found to be remarkably lower than that of the soils which are not treated before winter by analyzing the water storage amounts of the soils with different soil levels, except that the soils which are not treated before winter can increase the rain storage, the surface soil compactness is reduced after the soils are treated before winter, the water absorption rate of the soils in the air such as frost fall in winter is higher, and the soil humidity of 0-30cm is remarkably higher than that of the soils which are not treated before winter. Because the depth of rotary tillage is shallow, generally about 15cm, the plough bottom layer is not effectively broken, and the water content of soil under 30cm after rotary tillage treatment is obviously lower than that of deep tillage treatment.

TABLE 4 Water content of 0-100cm soil treated differently

Example 4

The embodiment carries out rain collecting effect comparison on ridging, film mulching and flat planting.

The ridging and film mulching planting mode can concentrate rainfall into furrows by ridging and film mulching on the ridges, can play a role in collecting and amplifying small rainfall in spring, and can be started to increase the rainwater utilization efficiency especially under the conditions of more small rainfall and more ineffective rainfall in spring in dry farming areas of Jingjin Ji. As shown in figure 2, when rainfall varies from 0.2 mm to 2.6mm at 16-9 days of 5 months, 26 days and 2019, the water content of the soil with the thickness of 10cm after the ridging and film mulching planting is remarkably increased due to the small rainfall such as 2.6mm, but the water content of the soil with the thickness of 10cm after the flat planting is basically unchanged.

Example 5

In this example, the results of analyzing and comparing the water use efficiency in various farming modes are shown in table 5.

TABLE 5 Water use efficiency for different treatments of sea 618

The above table shows that the water utilization efficiency of all film covering treatments is higher than that of non-film covering treatments, the ridging and film covering planting can effectively improve the water utilization efficiency of the spring corn, and the ridging and film covering planting has a positive promoting effect on the production of the spring corn in dry farming areas.

Example 6

This example uses different furrow widths to analyze their effect on spring-sown silage maize plant height, ear height and yield, with the results shown in tables 6 and 7.

TABLE 6 influence of different modes of ridging and film mulching on plant height and ear height of spring sowing silage corn

As is clear from Table 6, the plant height in the maturation period between treatments was the lowest for the CK-treated plant and the highest for the R80F 40. Since the ear height of CK is highest and the plant height is lowest, the ear height accounts for the maximum plant height ratio, which is obviously larger than R60F40 and R80F40, and the difference with other treatments is not obvious. In conclusion, the ridging and film covering can effectively improve the plant height and reduce the ear height, and the effects of R60F40 and R80F40 are optimal.

TABLE 7 influence of ridging, film-covering and furrow width on yield of spring-sown silage corn

As can be seen from Table 7, the yield of the spring sowing silage corns treated by ridging and film covering is obviously higher than CK, and the yield increase amplitude is 2.68-11.8%. The furrow width also has a remarkable influence on the yield, the yield is the highest by the R70F40 treatment, and the yield is increased by 13.55 percent and 11.8 percent respectively by R80F40 times. The ridging and film covering treatment can obviously improve the yield of the spring sowing silage corns, and the best effect is achieved by ridge width of 70cm, furrow width of 40cm, ridge width of 80cm and furrow width of 40 cm.

Example 7

In the embodiment, the influence of different modes of ridging and film covering of spring sowing silage corns on the temperature change of the soil with the thickness of 0-80cm is analyzed, and the result is shown in fig. 3.

As can be seen from FIG. 3, the soil temperature variation trends of the soil layers between the treatments are relatively consistent, and the accumulated temperature of the soil subjected to the film covering treatment is higher than that of the soil subjected to the film uncovering treatment. Particularly, within 1-5 weeks after seedling emergence, the soil accumulated temperature of a soil layer of 0-80cm after ridging and film covering treatment is increased by 8.4-20.5 ℃ compared with CK (shown in figure 4) after no film covering treatment, which is very beneficial to the development and growth of the corn in the seedling stage. From the whole growth period, the accumulated temperature of 0-80cm soil layers of the silage corns subjected to ridging and film covering treatment is 77.4-141.3 ℃ higher than that of CK subjected to non-film covering treatment.

Example 8

The present example analyzes the effect of different modes of ridging and film covering on the water storage capacity of 0-80cm soil, and the result is shown in FIG. 5.

As can be seen from FIG. 5, the water storage capacity of the soil of 0-80cm for different treatments has a constant trend throughout the growth period. The water storage capacity of the soil with the thickness of 0-80cm after ridging and film covering treatment is averagely 15.7-25.7 mm higher than that of the soil without film covering CK. The water storage capacity of the soil with the thickness of 0-80cm after 1-5 weeks of emergence and the film covering treatment is obviously higher than that of CK without the film covering treatment, and the water storage capacity of the soil treated by R70F40 is the maximum (figure 6), and is obviously higher than that of R70F30 and R80F 40. The ridging and film covering can effectively improve the water storage capacity of the soil of 0-80cm in the seedling stage of the silage corn, and the R70F40 treatment effect is the best.

Example 9

In this example, the influence of different modes of ridge-forming coating on the water use efficiency was analyzed, and the results are shown in table 8.

Surface 8 water utilization efficiency of spring sowing silage corns in different modes of ridging and film covering

As can be seen from table 8, the water use efficiency of all the 4 ridging and film-coating treatments was significantly higher than that of CK except for the treatment of R70F 30; the water utilization efficiency of the R70F40 treatment is the highest. The ridging and film covering can obviously improve the water utilization efficiency of the spring sowing silage corns, and the effect is best when the ridge width is 70cm and the furrow width is 40cm, and is improved by 9.3 percent compared with the contrast.

Example 10

This example screens new varieties of oats. The test site is the Yingcun before the Cangxian paper house in Hebei province, the sowing time is 3 months and 11 days, the manual drilling is carried out, the sowing quantity is 8 kg/mu, the row spacing is 17cm, and the area of the cell is 15m²And repeating the steps for three times, applying 50 kg/mu of compound fertilizer (N: P: K ═ 17:17:17) on the ground, managing the field by the same method as the conventional field, and harvesting the fertilizer in the wax ripeness stage.

The test varieties are: yanwang, yanwang No. 2, kona, beller, and beller No. 2, and detailed information thereof is shown in table 9.

TABLE 9

Name of breed	Producing area	Maturity stage	Characteristics of variety
				Swallow king	United states of America	Late maturing	Wide blade and strong lodging resistance
Yanwang No. 2	United states of America	Middle and late maturity	High crude protein content and good quality
				Kenner	Canada	Middle and late maturity	High resistance to lodging and diseases
Bell of	Canada	Middle-cooked	High yield, high quality, strong tillering and disease and pest resistance
				Bell
2	Canada	Middle and late maturity	Fast seedling emergence, rich leaf amount and high grass yield

In the growing period of the introduced variety between 94 and 104 days, the growing period is not too long considering that summer corn is planted in the next crop after the oat is harvested, wherein Kona and Yanwang are suitable for being planted in Cangzhou areas. The test varieties emerge 10-12 days after sowing, and are about 3 months and 25 days. Tillering is carried out at 7 days in 4 months to 8 days in 4 months, jointing stages are all carried out at 7 days in 5 months to 10 days in 5 months, Kena is the earliest, and Yanwang No. 2 is the latest. Heading time 5 months 22 days-5 months 28 days, with the earliest Kona. The number of days required for the test varieties from heading to wax ripening is 22, 24, 29 and 29. The extra long growth period of baylor and baylor 2 is mainly due to the extra long reproductive growth time.

The phenological stages of the different oat varieties are shown in table 10.

TABLE 10 different Avena variety phenological periods (days/months)

Statistical results of plant heights, effective panicle yields, fresh grass yields and hay yields of different oat varieties are shown in table 11, and it can be seen that significant differences exist between plant heights and grass yields of different oat varieties. In the harvest period, the plant height of the Bell No. 2 is obviously higher than that of other varieties (103.2cm), and the plant height difference among Yanwang 2, Konna and Bell is not obvious and is obviously higher than that of Yanwang.

The Kena effective spike number is the largest, which is obviously higher than that of other varieties, the Beller is the lowest, and the differences among the Yanwang, the Yanwang 2 and the Beller 2 are not obvious.

The yield of the fresh grass of different oat varieties is 1434.7-1622.1 kg/mu, the Yanwang is the highest and is obviously higher than Yanwang 2 and Baser, and the Yanwang, the Kona and the Baser are obviously lower than others.

The difference of hay yields of different oat varieties is large, the hay yield of Kona is the highest and reaches 567.3 kg/mu, and the hay yield is obviously higher than that of other varieties (p is less than 0.05). The differences in hay yields among yanwang, yanwang 2 and baylor 2 were not significant. The yield of the beret (500.6 kg/mu) is lowest, and the yield difference between the beret and the beret 2 hay is not obvious.

TABLE 11 plant height, fresh grass yield and hay yield for different oat varieties

Because summer corn is inoculated in the next crop, the growing period of the oat variety suitable for being planted in the area is not too long. The Yanwang and Koina in the selected variety are planted in Cangzhou area which is more suitable for the growing period and the dry grass yield.

Example 11

This example performed a comparative experiment on the spring sowing season of oats. The test site is a cang county paper house first village front village in Hebei province, six sowing periods of 2 months, 25 days, 3 months, 4 days, 3 months, 11 days, 3 months, 18 days, 3 months, 25 days and 4 months, 1 day are set and respectively correspond to P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 and P6, the artificial drilling is carried out, the sowing amount is 8 kg/mu, the row spacing is 17cm, and the area of a small region is 15m²Repeating for three times, applying compound fertilizer (N: P: K ═ 17:17:17) at bottom 50 kg/mu, managing other fields with the same general method, harvesting in wax ripeness stage. The sample species is Konna.

The spring-sown oats at different sowing periods have a growth period as shown in table 12.

TABLE 12 Observation of growth period at different sowing times (day/month)

With the delay of the sowing period, the temperature is gradually increased, and the days required from sowing to emergence of the oats are gradually reduced. Sowing is carried out for 25 days in 2 months, 20 days are required from sowing to emergence of seedlings, sowing is carried out for 11 days in 3 months, 13 days are required for emergence of seedlings, sowing is carried out for 1 day in 4 months, and 8 days are required for emergence of seedlings. The seedling emergence to heading days in each sowing period need to be 62, 60, 58, 55, 50 and 48 in sequence. The sowing period is delayed, and the growing period days are gradually shortened. The days from heading to wax ripeness in each sowing period are 22-25 days, and the difference is small. Analysis data shows that the growth period is mainly influenced by the length of the seedling emergence and the length of the vegetative growth.

Oat plant heights, fresh grass yields and hay yields at different stages of sowing are shown in table 13.

As can be seen from Table 13, the plant height showed an increasing tendency with the late stage of sowing, the plant height at the first stage of sowing was the lowest, and was on average 93.9cm, and the plant height at 25 days 3 months and 25 days was the highest, and was on average 101.1 cm. The reason may be that the vegetative growth period becomes shorter with the delay of the sowing period, but in the reproductive growth stage, the illumination is sufficient and the temperature is proper, the vegetative growth is also in the vigorous stage, and the plant height continuously and rapidly increases.

TABLE 13 oat plant height, fresh grass yield and hay yield at different stages of sowing

The effective spike number is 19.9-21.7 ten thousand per mu, the trend of increasing and then decreasing with the delay of the sowing period is shown, but the difference between the sowing periods is not obvious. The analysis reason may be that too high or too low temperature at the tillering stage caused by too early or too late sowing stage is not favorable for oat tillering, and then the ear forming is influenced.

The yield of the fresh grass sowed in 4 days in 3 months is 1587.3 kg/mu at the maximum, the yield of the fresh grass sowed in 1 day in 4 months is minimum (1447.3 kg/mu), and the difference between the weight yields of the fresh grass sowed in 25 days in 2 months, 11 days in 3 months, 18 days in 3 months and 25 days in 3 months is not significant. The weight yield of the hay is reduced along with the delay of the sowing period, the maximum yield of the hay sown in 3-month and 4-day sowing reaches 547.3 kg/mu, the minimum yield of the hay sown in 4-month and 1-day sowing is 481.3 kg/mu, and the difference of the yield of the hay among the sowing periods of 2-month and 25-day, 3-month and 4-day, 3-month and 11-day, 3-month and 18-day and 3-month and 25-day is not obvious. The analysis reason may be that the random sowing period is delayed, the growth period is shortened, and the dry matter accumulation is reduced. The sowing period is delayed, the temperature is too high and the growth is not facilitated due to the influence of local climatic conditions.

The yield of the hay is delayed along with the sowing period, the sowing period is too late to influence the summer corn planting, and the best sowing period of spring oat sowing is recommended in the last 3 months of Cangzhou area.

Example 12

This example analyzes the effect of different fertilization periods and amounts on oat growth and yield. The test site is located in Yingcun before Canon of Canon county in Hebei province, the test adopts the design of a crack region, the main region is a topdressing period, a tillering period (D1:4 month and 9 days), a jointing period (D2:5 month and 10 days) and a heading period (D3: 5 month and 21) are set, the topdressing amount is used as the crack region, 3 nitrogen application levels of 2.5 kg/mu (N1), 5 kg/mu (N2) and 7.5(N3) kg/mu pure nitrogen are set, nitrogen fertilizer is not applied as a Control (CK), sowing is carried out for 11 days in 3 months, mechanical drilling is carried out, the sowing amount is 8 kg/mu, the row spacing is 17cm, and the area of the small region is 15m²The above steps are repeated for three times, 50 kg/mu of compound fertilizer (N: P: K ═ 17:17:17) is applied to the bottom, and the rest is managed in the same way as the conventional field. The test variety is Kona (USA), and the nitrogen fertilizer is urea. The results of the effect of different fertilization protocols on oat growth and yield are shown in table 14.

TABLE 14 Effect of different fertilization protocols on oat growth development and yield

Note: indicates significant difference (P < 0.05), indicates very significant difference (P < 0.01); NS indicates no significant difference (P > 0.05). The same row of different capital letters shows that the difference between different fertilizing amounts is obvious (P is less than 0.05) in the same period, the different lowercase letters show that the difference between the same fertilizing amount and the fertilizing amount in different periods is obvious (P is less than 0.05)

(1) Effect of different treatments on plant height

The plant height in the same fertilization period shows a growing trend along with the increase of the nitrogen application amount, the difference between the treatments in the tillering period and the jointing period is obvious, the nitrogen application treatment plant height in the heading period is higher than that in the contrast, but the difference between the treatments of the nitrogen application amount is not obvious. Under the same nitrogen application amount treatment, the plant height of the fertilizer applied in the jointing stage is obviously higher than that of the fertilizer applied in the tillering stage, and under each nitrogen application amount treatment, the trend of the highest plant height of the fertilizer applied in the jointing stage is basically presented. The height of the treated plants is up to 101.9cm when 7.5 kg/mu (N3) is applied in the jointing stage.

(2) Effect of different treatments on spike count

The effective spike number of the nitrogen application in the same fertilization period shows an increasing trend along with the increase of the nitrogen application amount, the effective spike number of the nitrogen application in the jointing stage and the heading stage is obviously higher than that of the control, the difference between the nitrogen application treatments is not significant, the N2 treatment in the jointing stage is the highest, the effective spike number of the nitrogen application treatments in the tillering stage is not significantly different between the N2(20.5 × 104/mu) and the N3(20.7 × 104/mu) of the tillering stage and the N3(20.7 ×/mu), but the effective spike number of the nitrogen application treatments in the tillering stage and the heading stage is significantly higher than that of the N1 treatment and the control, 2.5 kg/mu (N1) and 5 kg/mu (N2.

(3) Effect of different treatments on oat grass production

Nitrogen application has a significant effect on oat grass yield (P < 0.05). In the same fertilization period, the hay yield of the oat is increased along with the increase of the nitrogen application amount, when the nitrogen application amount reaches 5 kg/mu, the hay yield of the oat reaches the highest, and then the fertilization amount is increased, the hay yield of the oat is not increased obviously any more. The yield of the oat hay subjected to all the fertilization treatments is remarkably higher than that of a control (P is less than 0.05), wherein the highest fertilization amount reaches 540.7 kg/mu when the fertilization amount is 7.5 kg/mu in the jointing stage, the yield is increased by 10.2% compared with that of the control, and the yield is increased by 5.6% compared with that of the fertilization amount 2.5 kg/mu in the jointing stage; when the nitrogen application amount is 5 kg/mu in the tillering stage, the hay yield is 525.3 kg/mu, and the yield is increased by 8.5 percent compared with the control; the highest yield of the oat hay fertilized in the heading stage is that when the nitrogen application amount is 7.5 kg/mu, the yield of the hay is 522.0 kg/mu, the yield is increased by 7.3 percent compared with the control, and the difference of the yield of the hay between 5 kg/mu and 7.5 kg/mu in the heading stage is not obvious.

The yield of the oat hay subjected to all fertilization treatments is obviously higher than that of a control (no additional fertilization), and the highest oat hay yield can be obtained when the nitrogen application amount is 5-7.5 kg/mu in the jointing stage, which indicates that the nitrogen application can effectively improve the oat hay yield. When the fertilizing amount is the same, the fertilizing in the jointing stage is more beneficial to improving the hay yield of the oat. The test result in 2018 shows that the optimal fertilization period for achieving high yield of the oat sowed in spring is a jointing period, the optimal fertilization amount is 7.5 kg/mu of pure nitrogen, and the two-year test conclusion is basically consistent.

Example 13

The experiment of the embodiment analyzes the influence of the fluorescent pseudo-single plump fungicide seed dressing on the growth, development and yield of the silage corn, and adopts the fungicides produced by Hebei leading brand biological agriculture company Limited (L X) and Wang Brand biological technology company Limited (WF).

The method comprises the steps of utilizing L X, WF two biological agents to mix seeds of silage corns, wherein the L X agent is a leading brand agent, the number of effective viable bacteria produced by a leading biological agriculture stock company Limited in Qinhuang island is more than or equal to 5 hundred million/ml, the WF agent is a vigorous-distribution brand agent, the number of the effective viable bacteria produced by a Cangzhou vigorous-generation science and technology Limited company is more than or equal to 5 hundred million/ml, mixing the seeds before sowing according to three dosage levels of 50 ml/mu, 150 ml/mu, 250 ml/mu and the like, mixing the seeds with clear water as a Control (CK), repeating for 3 times, totally 21 cells, and the area of each cell is 30m²1m observation channels are arranged among the cells, the planting density is 4500 plants/mu, and other management measures are consistent with field management. The corn variety is Zhengdan 958.

The test site is a former-run test site of academy of agriculture and forestry in Cangzhou city. The soil of the test field is sandy moisture soil, 15.4mg/kg of organic matters, 22.3mg/kg of hydrolyzable nitrogen, 17.9mg/kg of quick-acting phosphorus, 103.1mg/kg of quick-acting potassium and 7.8 of pH value.

(1) Influence of seed dressing treatment of microbial inoculum on agronomic indexes of corn in seedling stage

The influence of the pseudomonas fluorescens on the agronomic indexes of the corn seedling stage is shown in table 15. the data shows that the agronomic characters such as plant height, stem thickness, fresh weight, dry weight and the like of the corn seedling stage can be obviously improved by dressing seeds with the pseudomonas fluorescens, the pseudomonas fluorescens has obvious promotion effect on the growth and development of the corn seedling stage, and the application effect of the WF fungicide is superior to that of the L X fungicide in terms of use effect.

TABLE 15 influence of dressing seed with bacterial agent on main agronomic index of corn seedling stage

Level of treatment	Height cm of plant	Diameter of stem	Fresh weight kg	Kg dry weight	Dry matter percentage%
						CK	28.3b	5.9a	157.05a	26.55b	17.0a
Average microbial inoculum	31.3a	6.5a	281.7b	35.55a	13.6a
						LX	30.9a	6.5a	307.35a	36.9a	12.2b
WF	31.6a	6.5a	255.6b	34.2a	15.1b

The influence of seed dressing treatment of the microbial inoculum with different application rates on the agronomic characters of the corn in the seedling stage is shown in a table 16. The data show that different application levels have obvious difference on the influence effects of agronomic indexes such as plant height, stem thickness, fresh weight, dry matter rate and the like of the corn seedling stage.

As the application amount of the microbial inoculum is increased, the agronomic index values such as the plant height, the stem thickness and the like of the corn at the seedling stage show the trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing, 150ml of the microbial inoculum applied to each mu has the best effect, L X microbial inoculum and WF microbial inoculum show the same trend, however, L X microbial inoculum (increased by 23.7 percent compared with the control) on the stem thickness index is superior to WF microbial inoculum (increased by 19.0 percent compared with the control), and WF microbial inoculum (19.6 percent) on the plant height index is superior to L X microbial inoculum (14.6 percent).

TABLE 16 influence of different application rates of the microbial inoculum on agronomic indexes of corn in seedling stage

Level of treatment	Height cm of plant	Diameter of stem	Fresh weight kg	Kg dry weight	Dry matter percentage%
						CK	28.3b	5.9c	157.05c	26.55c	17.0a
50ml	31.2c	6.4b	239.4b	31.5b	14.7ab
						150ml	33.1a	7.2a	338.85a	40.05a	11.9b
250ml	29.4b	5.9c	266.4b	34.65b	14.2ab
						LX-50ml	30.33a	6.26a	273.15ab	30.6ab	11.58a
LX-150ml	32.44a	7.30a	382.05a	43.2a	11.25a
						LX-250ml	29.94a	5.93a	266.4ab	36.45ab	13.71a
WF-50ml	32.06a	6.49a	205.65bc	32.4a	17.84a
						WF-150ml	33.85a	7.02a	295.65a	36.9a	12.56b
WF-250ml	28.92a	5.95a	265.95ab	32.4a	14.75a

(2) Influence of seed dressing treatment of microbial inoculum on root system indexes of corn in seedling stage

The data show that the bacterial agent dressing can obviously improve root system indexes such as total root length (L en), total root Surface Area (SA), total root Projection Area (PA), total root volume (Vol), average root diameter (AvgD), root tip number, branch number and crossing number of corn seedling stage root system, and shows that the fluorescent pseudomonas has obvious promotion effect on development of corn seedling stage root system, from the influence effect, 4 indexes such as total root length (L en), total root Surface Area (SA), total root Projection Area (PA) and total root volume (Vol) of L X bacterial agent are superior to bacterial agent WF, and 4 indexes such as average root diameter (AvgD), root tip number, branch number and crossing number of WF bacterial agent are superior to L X bacterial agent.

TABLE 17 influence of dressing treatment of bacterial agent on root system index of corn seedling stage

The influence of seed dressing treatment of different application amounts of the microbial inoculum on the root system indexes of the corn seedling stage is shown in a table 18. different seed dressing levels have obvious influence on the root system indexes such as the total root length (L en), the total root Surface Area (SA), the total root Projected Area (PA), the total root volume (Vol), the average root diameter (AvgD), the number of root tips, the number of branches, the number of intersections and the like of the corn seedling stage.

The corn seedling stage root system indexes show a trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing with the increase of the application amount of the fungicide, the effect of 150 ml/mu is the best, L X fungicide and WF fungicide show the same trend, however, the L X fungicide is superior to the WF fungicide in 4 indexes such as total root length (L en), total root Surface Area (SA), total root Projection Area (PA), total root volume (Vol) and the like, and the WF fungicide is superior to the L X fungicide in 4 indexes such as root system indexes such as average root diameter (AvgD), root tip number, branch number, crossing number and the like.

Table 18 influence of different application amounts of microbial inoculum on corn seedling stage root system indexes by seed dressing treatment

A scanning map of the root system of the corn in the seedling stage after seed dressing treatment by using the microbial inoculum with different application amounts is shown in figure 7.

(3) Influence of seed dressing by microbial inoculum on corn silage yield

The effect of inoculum dressing on corn silage yield is shown in table 19.

TABLE 19 Effect of inoculum dressing treatment on corn silage yield

From the above table, it can be seen that: the pseudomonas fluorescens can obviously improve the corn silage yield by dressing seeds, and the yield increase effect (9.24%) of the advanced brand fungicide is superior to the vigorous brand (4.78%).

The effect of the treatment with different application rates of the inoculum on corn silage yield is shown in table 20.

TABLE 20 Effect of different application rates of the inoculum on corn silage yield

The results show that different application levels of the microbial inoculum have certain yield increase effect on the corn silage yield, but the corn silage yield shows the trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing with the increase of the application amount of the microbial inoculum, the effect is the best when 150ml of the microbial inoculum is applied per mu, and L X microbial inoculum and WF microbial inoculum show the same trend.

(4) Influence of seed dressing by microbial inoculum on quality of dried corn

The effect of dressing with the inoculum on the quality of the dried corn is shown in table 21.

TABLE 21 Effect of inoculum dressing treatment on Dry matter quality

Treatment of	Yield (ton)	Yield increase (%)
			CK	0.87	—
Microbial inoculum	1.10	26.76
			LX	1.15	33.06
WF	1.04	20.46

From the above table, it can be seen that: the pseudomonas fluorescens can obviously improve the dry matter yield of the corn by dressing seeds, and the yield increase effect (the increase of 33.06%) of the microbial inoculum leading the brand is better than that of the vigorous brand (the increase of 20.46%).

(5) Influence of seed dressing treatment of different application amounts of microbial inoculum on quality of dried corn

TABLE 22 influence of different application rates of the inoculum on the quality of the dried corn

The above table shows that different application levels of the microbial inoculum have certain yield increase effect on the quality of the dry corn, but the quality of the dry corn tends to increase firstly and decrease secondly along with the increase of the application amount of the microbial inoculum, the effect is the best when 150ml of the microbial inoculum is applied per mu, and L X microbial inoculum and WF microbial inoculum show the same trend.

(6) Influence of seed dressing treatment by microbial inoculum on corn kernel yield

TABLE 23 influence of inoculum dressing treatment on corn kernel yield

Treatment of	Grain yield (kg)	Yield increase (%)
			Microbial inoculum	712.73	8.64
LX	716.34	9.19
			WF	709.11	8.09

Table 23 shows that the pseudomonas fluorescens can obviously improve the corn yield by dressing seeds, and the yield increasing effect (9.19%) of the advanced brand fungicide is superior to that of the vigorous brand (8.09%).

TABLE 24 influence of different application rates of microbial inoculum on corn kernel yield

According to the table, different application levels of the microbial inoculum have certain yield increase effect on the economic yield of the corn, but the economic yield of the corn tends to increase firstly and decrease secondly along with the increase of the application amount of the microbial inoculum, the effect is the best when 150ml of the microbial inoculum is applied per mu, and L X microbial inoculum and WF microbial inoculum show the same trend.

Example 14

The experiment in this example analyzes the influence of different topdressing methods on the yield of triticale.

The method comprises the steps of selecting a triticale variety, feeding No. 3, sowing at 5 days in 10 months, sowing 15kg per mu, and carrying out topdressing at a row spacing of 15cm in the green turning period of the triticale, wherein the test adopts a split area test design, the main treatment is a topdressing mode A which is set at 2 levels, A1 is topdressing water soluble fertilizer, A2 is dry dressing urea, and the auxiliary treatment is topdressing B which is set at 3 topdressing levels respectively, wherein the B1 is N5 kg per mu, the B2 is N10kg per mu, and the B3 is N15 kg per mu. The treatment of additional fertilization with water soluble fertilizer dissolves urea with corresponding content in 2 tons of water, and additional fertilization is carried out between two rows of wheat (by a professional water soluble fertilizer machine, ditching and additional fertilization are firstly carried out and then soil is covered; the treatment of additional fertilization with urea, ditching is firstly carried out and urea is scattered on the soil is covered), 2 controls are set, CK1 is the treatment of only additional fertilization (2 tons), and CK2 is the treatment of no additional fertilization and no additional fertilization.

(1) Yield analysis of triticale with different treatments

From an analysis of table 25, it can be seen that there are significant differences in the yields of the different fertilization treatments, all treatments are higher than the control treatment, and the best performing treatments for hay yield are 22.6%, 21.5% and 18.3% higher in the yields of A1B2, A1B3 and A2B3, respectively, than the control treatment, which are not significant but significant from the other treatments. The same nitrogen fertilizer level and the water-soluble fertilizer treatment yield are all higher than those of the dry urea treatment, which shows that the water-soluble fertilizer treatment is favorable for the yield expression of the triticale. And the yield of the water soluble fertilizer treated by applying the pure nitrogen of 10 kg/mu is higher than that of the urea dry-applied by applying the pure nitrogen of 15 kg/mu, which shows that under the same yield target condition, the water soluble fertilizer applied by applying the water soluble fertilizer can save the fertilizer and realize the purposes of saving the fertilizer and reducing the nitrogen.

TABLE 25 triticale yield performance by different treatments

Through the analysis of variance table 26 of the fissure zone test, it can be seen that the yield of the additional water-soluble fertilizer application treatment is significantly higher than that of the urea dry application mode; by analyzing the treatment of different topdressing amounts, the difference between the topdressing urea of 10 kg/mu and the topdressing urea of 15 kg/mu is not significant, so that the topdressing urea of 10 kg/mu is considered to be more appropriate in the aspect of input and output, the influence of the topdressing mode on the yield reaches a significant level, and the influence of the topdressing amount on the yield reaches a very significant level.

TABLE 26 analysis of the Main Effect of hay yield in different topdressing treatments

(2) Analysis of fertilizer contribution rate of different top dressing modes

As can be seen from the analysis table 27, under the condition of the same fertilizing amount, the contribution rate of the fertilizer treated by applying the water-soluble fertilizer is higher than that of the urea dry application treatment mode (14.2% -43.1%), the average improvement is 25.0%, and the contribution rate of the fertilizer can be greatly improved by applying the water-soluble fertilizer, wherein the highest contribution rate of the fertilizer is A1B2 treatment.

TABLE 27 contribution of different treatment fertilizers

Treatment of	Fresh grass yield kg/mu
		A1B1	11.99c
A1B2	18.48a
		A1B3	17.69a
A2B1	8.38c
		A2B2	14.66b
A2B3	15.49b
		CK1	-
CK2	-

The analysis shows that the topdressing water-soluble fertilizer treatment can obviously improve the hay yield and the fertilizer contribution rate of the triticale, and compared with the conventional fertilizer application mode, the topdressing water-soluble fertilizer treatment can achieve the same yield target under the condition of utilizing less nitrogen fertilizer, thereby being beneficial to saving fertilizer and reducing nitrogen. In most dry farming areas, due to the fact that no irrigation condition exists, topdressing is less, the growing period of triticale is long, the late period is easy to lose fertilizer, the cost of manual ditching and fertilizing is high, time and labor are wasted, and large-scale production is not utilized, so that the important significance of topdressing of the water soluble fertilizer is that the forage grass yield and the fertilizer contribution rate are improved, and a topdressing method is provided for arid areas which cannot be irrigated.

The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solution of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solution of the present invention is defined by the claims.

Claims (8)

1. An annual irrigation-free soil moisture-suitable planting and cultivating method for forage crops is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1, planting spring sowing silage corn

Seed dressing with biological agents is carried out before sowing, spring corn is sowed in the last ten days of May, the sowing modes of ridging, film covering on ridges and film measuring and furrow sowing are adopted, and conventional management is carried out;

step 2, mulching film to store rain

Harvesting the silage spring corns in the general late 8 th ten days, and keeping the mulching film as complete as possible in the harvesting process;

step 3, planting triticale

In the beginning of 8 months to 10 months, during the positive rainy season, and with the addition of thin film coverage, the soil moisture content can completely meet the requirements of triticale seeding in the beginning of 10 months, and the triticale is managed according to the dry farming technical specification, and the method mainly comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a drought-resistant high-yield high-quality triticale variety; (2) applying enough base fertilizer; (3) well preparing and pressing the seeds after sowing, before winter and after green turning to prevent soil moisture leakage and air leakage; (4) additionally applying water-soluble fertilizer in the green turning and rising period; (5) harvesting in a suitable period;

step 4, planting the silage corn in summer

After the triticale is harvested, the area enters a rainy season, summer sowing silage corns are planted in a grasping manner when the triticale is rainy, a biological agent seed dressing technology is adopted, a wide-narrow row planting mode is adopted, conventional management is carried out, and harvesting is carried out in a wax ripeness stage;

step 5, deep soil turning and rotary tillage treatment

After harvesting the summer-sown silage corns, tightly gripping soil and carrying out deep ploughing and rotary tillage treatment;

step 6, planting in proper place

After the summer corn is harvested, determining the variety of the planted pasture according to the soil moisture content:

(1) if the rainfall is abundant and suitable for sowing, the triticale can be firmly sowed, see step 3;

(2) if the drought is rainy and the seeding demand cannot be met, winter fallow is adopted, and the grass planting type is determined according to the rainfall condition of one winter in the middle 3 months of the second year:

A. if the soil moisture content is better in the middle 3 months, the oats are sowed in the middle 3 months while the soil moisture is still available, and the method mainly comprises the following steps: a. selecting proper oat varieties; b. applying enough base fertilizer; c. pressing in time after the surface soil is dry and yellow; d. applying water-soluble fertilizer before the jointing stage; e. harvesting at a proper period, and blending hay or making silage;

B. if the soil moisture content is insufficient in the middle 3 months, the method is not suitable for planting oat, the method can wait until the last 4 months to the last 5 months, during which the silage spring corn is sown in the soil moisture rush after the rain, the rainfall probability of more than 20mm is more than 80% every year, a ridging, film covering and side sowing planting mode is adopted, the step 1 is repeated, and the triticale is sown in time after harvesting.

2. The annual irrigation-free soil moisture-suitable planting and cultivating method for the forage crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biological agent in the step 1 is pseudomonas fluorescens.

3. The annual irrigation-free soil moisture-suitable planting and cultivating method for the forage crops as claimed in claim 2, wherein the usage amount of the pseudomonas fluorescens agent is 150ml per mu.

4. The annual irrigation-free soil moisture-suitable planting and cultivating method for the forage crops according to claim 1, wherein the water soluble fertilizer is additionally applied after the wheat rye is turned green in the step 3: 20 kg/mu of urea and 200 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate.

5. The annual irrigation-free soil-moisture-suitable planting and cultivating method for the forage crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wide-narrow row planting mode in the step 4 is 70/40 cm.

6. The annual irrigation-free soil moisture-suitable planting and cultivating method for the forage crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 5, the crops are deeply ploughed by 40cm and are rotary ploughed by 15 cm.

7. The annual irrigation-free soil moisture-suitable planting and cultivating method for the forage crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 6, water soluble fertilizers are additionally applied before the jointing of the oats: 15kg of urea and 200g of monopotassium phosphate per mu.

8. The annual irrigation-free soil moisture-suitable planting and cultivating method for the forage crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water fertilizer additional application amount of the oats in the step 6 is 7.5 kg/mu of pure nitrogen.

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