CN114532165A - Method for preventing hybrid planting by crop variety resource propagation - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
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Abstract
A method for preventing hybrid planting of crops variety by resource propagation comprises the steps of land selection, land preparation and fertilization, land division of the land, sowing and field management; the agricultural small coarse cereal variety resource propagation hybrid-prevention planting method provided by the invention is used for carrying out variety resource propagation by using an interline method in practice, solves the problem that scarce variety resources cannot be normally applied by researchers due to relatively serious mixing of the variety resources in the propagation planting process, and plays a key role in future agricultural variety tests and variety resource propagation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for preventing hybrid planting by expanding propagation of crop variety resources.
Background
Crop variety resources are chips of Chinese agricultural development and are also a key step of Chinese agricultural development, along with the development of the national mechanization process, the agricultural modernization degree is higher and higher, the traditional farming culture loses the original traditional mode method in the change of times, as the theory of modern agricultural colleges is higher than practice, technical personnel do not standardize and do not finely operate the field, so that variety resources are seriously mixed, in the process of collecting and screening agricultural minor coarse cereal variety resources, when variety resources are bred by utilizing the original experimental cultivation mode, the different characteristics of the variety resources and the sudden change of climatic conditions cause the lodging of a large number of variety resources, the variety resources are mixed together, and grains are stuck together to bring great difficulty to the harvest of the variety resources.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the above-mentioned technologies, there is a need to provide a method for preventing hybrid planting by expanding crop variety resources.
A method for preventing hybrid planting of crop variety resources in propagation is characterized in that: the planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting an experimental plot: selecting a land block with flat terrain, good drainage and medium fertility;
(2) land preparation and fertilization: in the middle ten days of spring 3 months, carrying out rotary tillage, harrowing, grinding and artificial soil preparation on the selected land parcels, and simultaneously fertilizing the land parcels;
(3) land scribing is carried out on the experimental land: taking the east-west length of the selected experimental plot as a base line, driving timber piles at two ends of the base line, using a measuring rope at one end of the base line to square the plot according to the pythagorean theorem, and marking out a frame of the experimental plot;
dividing a planting area in a frame of the experimental plot, arranging at least two groups of wooden piles at equal intervals along two side lines vertical to a base line of the experimental plot, connecting each group of wooden piles corresponding to the side lines on the two sides by using a measuring rope, and dividing a road and a protection row, wherein the protection row is positioned at two ends of the experimental plot, namely the protection row is parallel to the base line, the road is positioned between the protection rows, and the road is parallel to the base line, so that the road and the protection row divide the experimental plot into at least two planting areas;
after the division of the planting areas is finished, dividing a spacing line meeting the regulation in each planting area, wherein the spacing line is vertical to the base line, dividing each planting area into planting areas with the regulated area by using the spacing line and a road, and inserting a card at the head of the first line of each planting area;
in the planting area, dividing the row spacing of the planting area according to the requirement of the row spacing of crops;
(4) sowing: selecting high-quality minor cereal variety resources, and sowing on the marked row spacing line in the planting field in a manual ditching and drilling mode;
(5) field management: after seedling emergence, the seedlings are missed and filled in the gaps in time when the seedlings are found to be short and ridge broken, and the seeds are replanted and transplanted.
According to the technical scheme, the method for expanding propagation of crop variety resources and preventing hybrid planting provided by the invention is used for expanding propagation of the variety resources by using an interline method in practice, solves the problem that the scarce variety resources cannot be normally applied by researchers due to relatively serious mixing of the variety resources in the expanding propagation planting process, and plays a key role in future agricultural variety tests and expanding propagation of the variety resources.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention when dividing an experimental plot.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "middle", "outer", "inner", "lower", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships, are used for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referenced components or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In order to further explain the technical means and effects adopted by the patent of the invention to achieve the expected targets, the oat variety resources with the consistent variety resource parts are selected to carry out variety resource propagation and planting experiments in elm and Yanan in 2019-2020 respectively to verify the related technical scheme:
example 1, in Yanan area, the method for expanding propagation and preventing hybrid planting of crop variety resources is adopted for expanding propagation and planting:
(1) selecting a plot with flat terrain, good drainage and medium fertility as an experimental plot in Yanan locality;
(2) in 3 middle ten days of spring, when the ground temperature is above 10 ℃ after spring rain, carrying out rotary tillage, harrowing and grinding on the selected experimental plot to flatten the experimental plot, and applying a base fertilizer to the experimental plot when flattening the experimental plot, wherein the base fertilizer mainly comprises an organic fertilizer which is used together with a certain amount of inorganic fertilizer, the organic fertilizer is selected from commercial organic fertilizer or biological organic fertilizer, and the inorganic fertilizer comprises nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer;
(3) taking the east-west length of the selected experimental plot as a base line, driving timber piles at two ends of the base line, drawing a frame of the experimental plot by using a measuring rope at one end of the base line according to the pythagorean theorem, and accordingly drawing the experimental plot;
dividing a planting area in a frame of the experimental plot, arranging at least two groups of timber piles at equal intervals along two side lines vertical to a base line of the experimental plot, connecting the corresponding timber piles on the side lines at two sides by using a measuring rope, and dividing a road and a protection line, wherein the protection line is positioned at two ends of the experimental plot, namely the protection line is parallel to the base line, the road is positioned between the protection lines, and the road is parallel to the base line, so that the road and the protection line divide the experimental plot into at least two planting areas;
after the division of the planting areas is finished, dividing a spacing line meeting the specification in each planting area, wherein the spacing line is vertical to the base line, dividing each planting area into planting areas with specified areas by using the spacing line and a road, inserting a card at the head of the first line of each planting area, and the area of each planting area is 10m2Wherein the planting field is 5m and 2m in width;
dividing the row spacing of the planting area according to the row spacing requirement of crops in the planting area, wherein the row spacing requirement is 33 cm;
(4) selecting oat variety resources of an oat germplasm resource library of China academy of agricultural sciences as test varieties, selecting 28 parts of the oat variety resources, and sowing on the marked row spacing line in the planting area by adopting a mode of manual ditching and drilling and random row-by-row single-group arrangement;
(5) field management: after emergence of seedlings, the seedlings are found to have seedling shortage and ridge breaking, the seedlings are timely missed and filled, and reseeding and transplanting are carried out. During the seedling filling, the close planting is required to be ensured to be reasonable. Wherein, the plant spacing required by different variety resources is different, leguminous plants are generally not thinned and set in trefoil stage seedling setting, cruciferae and gramineae, and other families, and the number of plants with mu density is determined according to the thousand (hundred) grain weight of seeds.
In the aspect of fertilizer application, the fertilizer is applied according to the growth vigor and the fertilizer requiring sensitive period of crops according to local conditions. For example, 120kg/hm of diammonium phosphate is applied to the leguminous plants in the flowering and pod stage2In Cruciferae and Gramineae, 90kg/hm urea is applied before seedling stage or reversion2。
Intertillage and weeding are carried out, and soil hardening is broken. Three times of intertillage weeding is needed in the whole growth period, 1 time of intertillage weeding is carried out by means of thinning, 1 time of intertillage weeding is carried out in the first leaf-restoring period, 2 times of intertillage weeding is carried out when the height of a seedling is about 10cm, and the 3 rd time of intertillage is carried out before ridge sealing. The soil permeability can be improved and the nutrient absorption capacity of the soil can be enhanced by cultivating according to the period. Weeding can prevent weeds from robbing nutrition required by the growth of leguminous crops, and the nutrition is concentrated on crop plants. Therefore, the nutrient fertilizer is important in summer, not only can concentrate nutrition, but also can improve field permeability and increase yield.
The disease and pest forecast is strengthened, and the disease and pest are comprehensively controlled. The main pests of common variety resources include aphids, pod borers and leguminous borers, and the prevention and treatment medicines are as follows: the thiamethoxam and the spinosad have diseases such as cyst nematode disease, root rot disease, virus disease and the like.
(6) In the middle 7 th month, about 13 to 19 7 th months, when the oat turns yellow and the seeds become hard, the oat is harvested.
Example 2, in elm forest region, the method for expanding propagation and preventing hybrid planting of crop variety resources is adopted for expanding propagation and planting:
(1) selecting a plot with flat terrain, good drainage and medium fertility as an experimental plot in the elm forest land;
(2) in 3 middle ten days of spring, when the ground temperature is above 10 ℃ after spring rain, carrying out rotary tillage, harrowing and grinding on the selected experimental plot to flatten the experimental plot, and applying a base fertilizer to the experimental plot when flattening the experimental plot, wherein the base fertilizer mainly comprises an organic fertilizer which is used together with a certain amount of inorganic fertilizer, the organic fertilizer is selected from commercial organic fertilizer or biological organic fertilizer, and the inorganic fertilizer comprises nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer;
(3) taking the east-west length of the selected experimental plot as a base line, driving timber piles at two ends of the base line, drawing a frame of the experimental plot by using a measuring rope at one end of the base line according to the pythagorean theorem, and accordingly drawing the experimental plot;
dividing a planting area in a frame of the experimental plot, arranging at least two groups of wooden piles at equal intervals along two side lines vertical to a base line of the experimental plot, connecting each group of wooden piles corresponding to the side lines on the two sides by using a measuring rope, and dividing a road and a protection row, wherein the protection row is positioned at two ends of the experimental plot, namely the protection row is parallel to the base line, the road is positioned between the protection rows, and the road is parallel to the base line, so that the road and the protection row divide the experimental plot into at least two planting areas;
after the division of the planting areas is finished, dividing a spacing line meeting the specification in each planting area, wherein the spacing line is vertical to the base line, dividing each planting area into planting areas with specified areas by using the spacing line and a road, inserting a card at the head of the first line of each planting area, and the area of each planting area is 12m2Wherein the planting field is 6m and 2m in width;
dividing the row spacing of the planting area according to the row spacing requirement of crops in the planting area, wherein the row spacing requirement is 33 cm;
(4) selecting oat variety resources of an oat germplasm resource library of China academy of agricultural sciences as test varieties, selecting 28 parts of the oat variety resources, and sowing on the marked row spacing line in the planting area by adopting a mode of manual ditching and drilling and random row-by-row single-group arrangement;
(5) field management: after emergence of seedlings, the seedlings are found to have seedling shortage and ridge breaking, the seedlings are timely missed and filled, and reseeding and transplanting are carried out. When the seedlings are replanted, the close planting is required to be ensured to be reasonable. Wherein, the plant spacing required by different variety resources is different, leguminous plants are generally not thinned and set in trefoil stage seedling setting, cruciferae and gramineae, and other families, and the number of plants with mu density is determined according to the thousand (hundred) grain weight of seeds.
In the aspect of fertilizer application, the fertilizer is applied according to the growth vigor and the fertilizer requiring sensitive period of crops according to local conditions. For example, 120kg/hm of diammonium phosphate is applied to leguminous plants in the flowering and pod stage2In Cruciferae and Gramineae, 90kg/hm urea is applied before seedling stage or reversion2。
Intertillage and weeding are carried out, and soil hardening is broken. Three times of intertillage weeding is needed in the whole growth period, 1 time of intertillage weeding is carried out by means of thinning, 1 time of intertillage weeding is carried out in the first leaf-restoring period, 2 times of intertillage weeding is carried out when the height of a seedling is about 10cm, and the 3 rd time of intertillage is carried out before ridge sealing. The soil permeability can be improved and the nutrient absorption capacity of the soil can be enhanced by cultivating according to the period. Weeding can prevent weeds from robbing nutrition required by the growth of leguminous crops, and the nutrition is concentrated on crop plants. Therefore, the nutrient fertilizer is important in summer, not only can concentrate nutrition, but also can improve field permeability and increase yield.
The disease and pest forecast is strengthened, and the disease and pest are comprehensively controlled. The main pests of common variety resources include aphids, pod borers and leguminous borers, and the prevention and treatment medicines are as follows: the thiamethoxam and the spinosad have diseases such as cyst nematode disease, root rot disease, virus disease and the like.
(6) In the middle 7 th month, about 13 to 19 7 th months, when the oat turns yellow and the seeds become hard, the oat is harvested.
Table 1 shows the selection of oat varieties
TABLE 1 oat variety resource warehousing related recorded information
According to the method for expanding propagation of oat variety resources and preventing hybrid planting in the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2, a 2019-increase 2020-year oat variety resource lodging resistance questionnaire is compiled, and because the Yanan is similar to the environment of the elm region, the data is compiled by the elm region monitoring data, which is specifically shown in the table 2:
TABLE 22019-addition 2020 Avena sativa variety resource lodging resistance questionnaire
As shown in Table 2, due to the fact that rainstorm occurs in 2019, 6 and 13 days in elm forest, partial varieties are prone, but the phenomenon of ear sticking does not occur, seeding mixing and harvesting mixing are mainly solved fundamentally in the process of collecting and sorting variety resources, artificial mixing in seeding and harvesting can be changed through the technology, field design of scientific researchers is standardized in scientific research, and meanwhile the good effect is achieved in test standardization. Wherein, the degree of sticking: the degree of sticking between ears between two varieties.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for preventing hybrid planting of crop variety resources in propagation is characterized in that: the planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting an experimental plot: selecting a land block with flat terrain, good drainage and medium fertility;
(2) land preparation and fertilization: in the middle ten days of spring 3 months, carrying out rotary tillage, harrowing, grinding and artificial soil preparation on the selected land parcels, and simultaneously fertilizing the land parcels;
(3) land scribing is carried out on the experimental plot: taking the east-west length of the selected experimental plot as a base line, driving timber piles at two ends of the base line, well marking the plot at one end of the base line according to the pythagorean theorem by using a measuring rope, and marking out a frame of the experimental plot;
dividing a planting area in a frame of the experimental plot, arranging at least two groups of wooden piles at equal intervals along two side lines vertical to a base line of the experimental plot, connecting each group of wooden piles corresponding to the side lines on the two sides by using a measuring rope, and dividing a road and a protection row, wherein the protection row is positioned at two ends of the experimental plot, namely the protection row is parallel to the base line, the road is positioned between the protection rows, and the road is parallel to the base line, so that the road and the protection row divide the experimental plot into at least two planting areas;
after the division of the planting areas is finished, dividing a spacing line meeting the regulation in each planting area, wherein the spacing line is vertical to the base line, dividing each planting area into planting areas with the regulated area by using the spacing line and a road, and inserting a card at the head of the first line of each planting area;
in a planting area, dividing the row spacing of the planting area according to the requirement of the row spacing of crops;
(4) sowing: selecting high-quality minor cereal variety resources, and sowing on the marked row spacing line in the planting field in a manual ditching and drilling mode;
(5) field management: after seedling emergence, the seedlings are missed and filled in the gaps in time when the seedlings are found to be short and ridge broken, and the seeds are replanted and transplanted.
2. The method for expanding propagation of crop variety resources to prevent hybrid planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2), the fertilizers applied to the selected experimental plot are organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers.
3. The method for expanding propagation of crop variety resources to prevent hybrid planting according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step (2), the ground temperature is ensured to be above 10 ℃ when the selected experimental plot is leveled and fertilized.
4. The method for expanding propagation of crop variety resources to prevent hybrid planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), the area of the seeded domain is 10-12 m.
5. The method for expanding propagation of crop variety resources to prevent hybrid planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), the row spacing requirement of the crops is 30-36 cm.
6. The method for expanding propagation of crop variety resources to prevent hybrid planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (5), when the replanting and transplanting are carried out, the transplanting is carried out in a time period with a weak sunlight irradiation, and the soil is more and the roots are less damaged.
7. The method for expanding propagation of crop variety resources to prevent hybrid planting according to claim 6, characterized in that: in the step (5), the seedlings also need to be fertilized, and during the fertilization, the fertilization needs to be carried out according to the growth vigor and the fertilizer-requiring sensitive period of the crops.
8. The method for expanding propagation of crop variety resources to prevent hybrid planting according to claim 7, characterized in that: in the step (5), intertillage weeding is also needed to be carried out to break the hardened soil.
9. The method for expanding propagation of crop variety resources to prevent hybrid planting according to claim 8, characterized in that: in the step (5), the seedlings are required to be subjected to pest control.
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102835227A (en) * | 2011-06-23 | 2012-12-26 | 庞兵 | High-yield cultivation technology for oat in high and cold areas |
| CN103766183A (en) * | 2014-02-14 | 2014-05-07 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Construction method for field plot trial of fertilizer application to paddy fields |
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