CN103766183A - Construction method for field plot trial of fertilizer application to paddy fields - Google Patents
Construction method for field plot trial of fertilizer application to paddy fields Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method for a field plot trial of fertilizer application to paddy fields. Through the selection of a test field, ridges of plots and footpaths are constructed by repeatedly settling moist soil in a paddy field; a plot irrigation mode that main grooves are connected with small grooves is adopted so as to increase the repeated treatment times of each plot; the plots are set in a block so as to ensure that the density of transplants and the number of seedlings in the plots are identical. The construction method comprises the following steps: A, selecting the test field; B, setting the plots; C, constructing the plots; D, applying fertilizers to the plots; F, raising and transplanting seedlings; G, irrigating the plots; H, intertilling and weeding; I, controlling pest; J, harvesting rice; H, sampling soil and ground water. The test plots are simple in structure and low in construction cost, and the cross flow of water and nutrients among the plots are effectively avoided. Therefore, the construction method is suitable for various field plot trials of short-term and long-term fertilizer application, agricultural chemicals, varieties, irrigation, cultivation, discharge of greenhouse gasses, and runoff and leaching loss of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural research technical field, more specifically relate to a kind of construction method of Paddy fields field plot trial, it is suitable for carrying out applying in various field plot trials in rice field.
Background technology
Field trial is under the natural conditions of field, makes index with various proterties, the yield and quality etc. of crop growth, the Agricultural Experiments method of relation between research crop and environment.Field trial can be divided into variety trial, experiment in cultivation, fertilizer test and pesticide test by research contents, can be divided into nonirrigated farmland test and rice field test by land type.Field trial can be studied the effect of increasing production of new varieties, new product and new technology under the natural conditions of land for growing field crops, evaluation has high yielding variety and the adaptation zone thereof of various good characteristics objectively, the effect of increasing production of evaluation new product and the reaction to environment thereof, correctly evaluate the most effective well stimulation and accommodation thereof, new varieties, new product and the new technology that makes agricultural research aptly application in agricultural production.Meanwhile, can also study the impact of various agricultural production measures on the ecotope such as greenhouse gas emission and body eutrophication.
Field trial is the earliest Britain's Lausanne experiment station dry land wheat field trial ground, is built in 1843, the history of existing 170 years so far, and initial object is to study the effect of more different organic and inorganic fertilizers to chief crop wheat Isoquant.U.S.'s field location test the earliest, by illinois university " Corn Rotation System and the soil fertility " location test that is built in 1876, also has 137 years so far.As can be seen here, field location test has in research of agricultural science important scientific value and meaning.But these external many nonirrigated farmlands of field trial field trials, community builds comparatively easily simple, as ditched in plot exactly the field trial community of Lausanne experiment station of Britain, make ridge, every ridge is an experimental plot, is the most ancient field plot trial mode of one, and keeps so far always.Also carried out the location test of a lot of fields in China, as 10 province's rice field Fertility Monitoring point field location tests of China of beginning in 1986, the nonirrigated farmland that Ecology in China network stations has started since the eighties in 20th century and the location test of field, rice field, and the Soil fertility investigation of cultivated land field trial that since 2000, each province carries out.Build for the location test of field, nonirrigated farmland, do ridge at region of no relief trench digging and can obtain experimental plot, and plough mainly take rice field as main at south China, in agricultural research, account for mainly with the location test of field, rice field, because rice field farming and water and fertilizer management and nonirrigated farmland make a big difference, therefore there is many difficulties for the structure of location test community, field, rice field, most Shi community, community surrounding trench digging of existing rice field field location test, in ditch, build and build brick mix structure partition wall community is separated, Ye Youren community surrounding trench digging, in ditch, put into prefabricated board, be coated with again concrete on prefabricated board both sides and form community partition wall, the problem that the field trial community, rice field that these methods build exists, the one, construction cost is high, build the field trial community of 666.7 square metres, material and artificial total expenses reach more than 60,000 yuan, the 2nd, because community surrounding is the concrete walls ridge, be not easy to machinery and enter community and carry out farming, the 3rd, because the top, the wall ridge between community is generally 25-30 centimetres wide, inconvenient operating personnel test walking in minizone, the 4th, mostly undergroundly conventionally be 30 centimetres of left and right because the partition wall of minizone stretches into, and distance between community and community very closely only has 30 centimetres, be unfavorable for preventing that underground water solution and nutrient from flowing in minizone, affect fertilizer and nutrient field trial is carried out, the 5th, due to the release of heavy metal in the concrete walls ridge, be unfavorable for field trial plant growth, be particularly unfavorable for carrying out the research of rice field heavy metal field trial.
Xing Danying etc. have invented a kind of segmentation determination methods of rice and wheat crops field test effect for 2010, the relation relevant to output according to rice and wheat crop organ, Fractional Collections plant growth session information in process of the test, the validity that judgement test is processed.Li Peng etc. have invented field trial design and the cultivation management method of Transgenic carnation environmental safety assessment pilot experiment for 2010, and having proposed effective experimental plot arrangement mode and economical character is the field trial assay method of leading indicator.Zhang Haiwei etc. have invented field trial soil sampling method for 2013, field soil can be divided three classes, and comprise rhizosphere soil A, non-rhizosphere soil B and non-rhizosphere soil C.Dong Helin etc. have invented a kind of field trial method of graded index of soil nutrient for 2013, to be adjusted to varying level by certain nutrient in the soil of fertilising Jiang Ge community, set up the regression equation between this kind of nutrient and crop fractional yield, calculate this kind of nutrient graded index of corresponding soil according to fractional yield method.But these methods all do not relate to the community of rice field field trial and build.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to be to provide a kind of construction method of Paddy fields field plot trial, this rice field field trial cell structure is simple, construction cost is cheap, can effectively prevent that water and nutrient are at minizone crossfire, facilitate use small-sized machine to turn over to community, rice field soil, be convenient to the research experiment of walking in minizone experimenter, be suitable for applying fertilizer in rice field, kind, agricultural chemicals, the field trial of the agronomy aspect researchs such as cultivation management, also be suitable for carrying out the greenhouse gas emission of rice field different disposal, the field trial of the researchs of environmentology aspect such as nitrogen phosphorus transfer and leaching loss.This field trial method is applicable to carrying out rice field short-term field trial, also can be applicable to carrying out the long-term field trial in rice field.
In order to realize above-mentioned object, the present invention adopts following technical measures:
A kind of construction method of Paddy fields field plot trial, it is the feature for China Water rice field soil and moisture and cultivation management mode, be experimental field by selecting region to there is larger area Typical Representative paddy soil, adopt repeatedly sedimentation Zhu Jian community ridge and pavement of Dressing Moist Rice Field earth, and employing is widened and waterproof material coverage cell ridge and pavement, to prevent minizone nutrient and moisture crossfire, and adopt tap drain to connect the community irrigation method of ditch, increase each processing number of repetition, community is arranged at random at Qu Zuzhong, guarantee that each community density of transplants is identical with standing grain clump number, adopt the community water-saving irrigation technique of intermittent irrigation, adopt the boring of fried dough twist mouth cylinder type earth boring auger to be connected woven hose with syringe and get the measures such as rice field underground water.For Chinese Paddy fields and nutrient migration community, field short-term and long term test provide effective technological approaches.
A construction method for Paddy fields field plot trial, comprises the following steps:
A, experimental field are selected.First should have certain regional representativeness for its soil types of experimental field of carrying out field trial, be the main types of soil such as the territory, Yu Huo county of province of test region; Next experimental field should be chosen in the gross area and reach among more than 5-10 hectares or 10 hectares rice fields in flakes; The 3rd experimental field will be away from house, highway, ancient tree and graveyard etc., but traffic wants convenient, is conducive to test material and sample carrying turnover experimental field; The area requirements of the 4th test field reaches 1000-2000 square metres, and the row of requirement irrigates conveniently, and illumination condition is good.
B, community arrange.According to test processing number and repeat number, number of cells is set, field trial processing number is 5-9 conventionally, and test repeat number is 3-4 times, and community, field adds up to 15-36 so.5-6 meters of zone leaders, wide 4-5 meters, community area is 20-30 square metres.All communities are arranged in the middle of rice field, and group outer surrounding in district's is protection row.Between community and community, do ridges high 25-35 centimetres, wide 30-50 centimetres; between district's group, establish 2 high 25-35 centimetres, ridges of wide 30-50 centimetres; it between 2 ridges, is the tap drain of dark 25-35 centimetres, wide 25-30 centimetres; between Qu Zuyu protection row, establish pavement high 25-35 centimetres, wide 0.5-1 meter; between tap drain and community, open the ditch of dark 25-35 centimetres, wide 20-25 centimetres, tap drain and ditch are communicated with for irrigating and draining in community.
C, community build.Choose behind suitable experimental field, rice field is poured water to dark 3-5 centimetres, after 3-4 days, plough a field and harrow a field with Cultivator each 2-3 times, make monoblock paddy soil even.Then discharge water and make 1-2 centimetres of the rice field depth of waters.According to district's group and cell size and quantity, the drift angle place on Ge district group, community, ridge, tap drain and pavement respectively squeezes into the stake of 3-4 centimetres of diameters, high 0.8-1.2 rice, between stake and stake, draw yarn, 20-40 centimetres, line-spacing ground, marks the position on community, ridge, tap drain and pavement.Manually with hoe, mud is done to for the first time little ridge along ridge and sidewalk line, finishing for the first time the sedimentation of relief earth manually widens with hoe after 0.5-1 day more for the second time, after widening for the second time, make again earth sedimentation 0.5-1 day, then widen for the third time, so circulation 3-6 times, is 0.3-1.0 meters, is highly 25-35 centimetres until Xin Zuo community ridge and pavement reach width.In the time doing ridge and pavement, excavate tap drain simultaneously, the earth of excavation tap drain is just being used on and is doing ridge and pavement.Then between tap drain and community, dig ditch.High 25-35 centimetres of ridge after carrying out, wide 30-50 centimetres, dark 15-25 centimetres of tap drain, wide 25-30 centimetres, high 25-35 centimetres, wide 0.5-1 meter of pavement, dark 25-35 centimetres of tap drain, wide 25-30 centimetres, dark 25-35 centimetres of ditch, wide 20-25 centimetres.Dry latter 5-7 days of Dai Xinzuo community ridge and pavement; at ridge and pavement colour bar cloth or plastic foil, to prevent each minizone liquid manure crossfire, can protect ridge and pavement simultaneously; avoid weeds propagation and widespread, convenient operation personnel walk in minizone and test.
D, community fertilising.After build up field trial community, each community water irrigating depth reaches after 2-4 centimetres, closes the ditch between community and tap drain.According to randomly assigne, processing to be set up separately in Zu community, each district at random, Sign Board is inserted in each community, and processing comprises does not respectively apply fertilizer or executes NPK chemical fertilizer or NK+ pig manure or execute 1 times of pig manure or 2 times of pig manures etc., after fertilising, fertilizer and soil is suitably mixed.
E, seedling and rice transplanting.Field trial rice varieties select super hybridized rice H1518 or Y two excellent 3218, after seed soaking, vernalization, be seeded in seedling Tanaka, in the time that the length of time rice seedlings grow is grown to 30-35 days, migrate to experimental plot.Regulate the face depth of water to 1-2 centimetre, field, community, adopt pull strings after the method for rice transplanting, making seeding row spacing is 18-21 centimetres of 11-13 cm x, every clump 1-2 seedling, the seeding row spacing of each community and from several identical, neat and consistent.
F, community are irrigated.When community need to be irrigated, open the ditch between community and tap drain, can pour water to community, after pouring water, close ditch.The irrigation method of rice growing season is: after rice transplanting, to the later stage sampling intermittent irrigation method of tillering, the later stage draining dry field control of tillering is tillered, booting stage to heading stage and irrigation at seed filling stage, and ripe later stage draining dry field is so that results.
G, intertillage and weeding.Within after rice transplanting 15-25 days, manually intertill, remove weeds in community in conjunction with intertillage, within after this 15-20 days, intertill and clean tillage is once again.In test, will pay special attention to remove the barnyard grass in standing grain clump, running check and observation, find that barnyard grass removes at any time, at any time in order to avoid affect the growth of paddy rice.
H, the extermination of disease and insect pest.According to community rice growing season insect pest, a situation arises, cauline leaf spraying or 3000-5000 times of 2% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate cauline leaf spraying after after every 666.7 square metres of rice fields are watered 40-50 kilograms with 70-90 milliliter of 40.7% chlopyrifos emulsion, cauline leaf spraying or 20-24 milliliter of 25% pyrrole ketone suspending agent in every 666.7 square metres of rice fields are watered 40-50 kilograms, the insects such as control striped rice borer or rice fulgorid or rice leaf roller.According to rice disease, a situation arises, after every 666.7 square metres of rice fields are watered 40-50 kilograms with 50-100 gram of 20% tricyclazole wettable powder, cauline leaf spraying or 100-150 gram of 5% jinggangmeisu wetting powder in every 666.7 square metres of rice fields are watered 50-75 kilograms of sprayings, control panicle blast or banded sclerotial blight.
I, rice harves.When paddy rice is ripe; select fine day to gather in the crops; paddy rice is cut off respectively in artificial Jiang Ge community; use small-sized thresher threshing, obtain the hair rice of each community, pack respectively and put into label; then being placed in respectively grain-sunning ground by community rough rice shines 3-4 days; remove empty flat paddy with the electronic paddy windmill of FC-01 type, gained essence paddy is weighed, obtain the rice yield of each community.
J, soil and groundwater sampling.After the paddy rice harvesting of community, gather the topsoil of 0-20 centimetres with the garden cartridge type earth boring auger that diameter is 2-4 centimetre, each community is adopted 8-11 and is bored soil sample, all soil samples load in mixture in plastic sack and number with marking pen, the topsoil belt transect gathering returns indoor, air-dry, pulverizes, cross 20 orders or 60 mesh sieves, for measuring the soil organic matter, full nitrogen, full potassium, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and available potassium equal size.Again in each cell centre, be drilled into underground 0.8-1.2 meters of with the fried dough twist mouth cylinder type earth boring auger of 4.5 centimetres of diameters, with the syringe groundwater abstraction sample that is fixed on the connection woven hose on 0.8-1 cm diameter plastic tube, pack in the happy fastener cup of 200-300 milliliters and numbering, the sampling of ground water gathering is taken back laboratory, for the full nitrogen of analysis water-like, full phosphorus, ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus equal size.
Described Paddy fields field plot trial comprises: experimental field is selected, and community arranges, and community builds, seedling and rice transplanting, and community is irrigated, intertillage and weeding, the extermination of disease and insect pest, rice harves, soil and groundwater sampling.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1. this rice field small plot experiment method construction cost is very low, and it is built and builds without any need for construction materials such as reinforcing bar, cement and bricks, its simplicity of design, and easy construction, does not need special construction personnel and those skilled in the art can construct.
2. because the design of minizone ridge and pavement is wide and adopt the materials such as colour bar cloth to cover, not only can effectively prevent soil nutrient and moisture upper strata and the lower floor's crossfire in different disposal minizone, and can effectively prevent weeds propagation and widespread, be convenient to testing crew and walk and carry out experimental observation and field management in minizone.
3. the design of tap drain and community ditch is convenient to community to carry out intermittent irrigation, is suitable for carrying out the research of rice field water-saving irrigation field trial.
4. the soil property ridge of minizone and soil property pavement, utilizes the farm machinery such as Minitype cultivator to move between experimental plot and carries out mechanized farming.
5. the method does not adopt brick mix structure wall or prefabricated board concrete walls to separate community, is suitable for carrying out the heavy metal field trial research of relevant rice field, and this field trial method can not leave concrete scar to experimental field simultaneously, utilizes ecological environmental protection.
6. practicality is wide, and the multiple field plot trials such as short-term and long-term fertilising, agricultural chemicals, kind, irrigation, farming, greenhouse gas emission, nitrogen phosphorus nutrient runoff and leaching loss are carried out in applicable rice field.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic diagram of construction method of Paddy fields field plot trial
Fig. 2 is the impact that the field plot trial of a kind of rice field is applied fertilizer on soil available phosphorus content.
Not remarkable (p<0.05) of difference between identical letter representation processing
Fig. 3 is the impact that the field plot trial of a kind of rice field is applied fertilizer on underground water (80 centimeters) available phosphorus content.
Not remarkable (p<0.05) of difference between identical letter representation processing
Fig. 4 is the impact that the field plot trial of a kind of rice field is applied fertilizer on underground water (80 centimeters) ammonia-nitrogen content.
Not remarkable (p<0.05) of difference between identical letter representation processing
Fig. 5 is a kind of impact of rice field field plot trial Fertilizer Application on Rice Yield.
Not remarkable (p<0.05) of difference between identical letter representation processing
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A construction method for Paddy fields field plot trial, comprises the following steps:
A, experimental field select 1.Select requirement according to test rice field, the test rice field that example is selected is positioned at 1 group, white clay Hu Xiang Jia He village of Xiangyin County of Hunan Province, geographical coordinate is 28 ° 44 ' 41.6 of north latitude ", east longitude 112 ° 50 ' 51.5 ", around there is in flakes rice field experimental field more than 20 hectares, experimental field area is 1200 square metres, apart from 500 meters, highway, apart from 200 meters, peasant household's house, irrigation condition is good, and illumination is abundant.Soil is the zhuyu paddy soil that lacustrine deposits matrix forms, and is Lake Dongting area Typical Representative paddy soil type.
B, community arrange 2.It is 9 that example rice field field trial is processed number, and test repeat number is 3 times.5 meters of zone leaders, wide 4 meters, community area is 20 square metres.All communities are arranged in the middle of rice field, and group outer surrounding in district's is protection row.Between community and community, do ridges high 25-35 centimetres, wide 30-50 centimetres; between district's group, establish 2 high 25 or 28 or 32 or 35 centimetres, ridges of wide 30 or 33 or 50 centimetres; it between 2 ridges, is the tap drain of dark 25 or 28 or 33 or 35 centimetres, wide 25 or 28 or 30 centimetres; between Qu Zuyu protection row, establish pavement high 25 or 27 or 31 or 33 or 35 centimetres, wide 0.5 or 0.8 or 1 meter; between tap drain and community, open the ditch of dark 25 or 28 or 32 or 35 centimetres, wide 20 or 23 or 25 centimetres, tap drain and ditch are communicated with for irrigating and draining in community.
C, community build 3.Choose behind suitable experimental field, rice field is poured water to dark 3 or 4 or 5 centimetres, after 3 or 4 days, plough a field and harrow a field each 2 or 3 times with Cultivator, make monoblock paddy soil even.Then discharge water and make 1 or 2 centimetres of the rice field depth of waters.According to district's group and cell size and quantity, the drift angle place on Ge district group, community, ridge, tap drain and pavement respectively squeezes into the stake of 3 or 4 centimetres, high 1 meter of diameter, between stake and stake, draw yarn, 20 or 25 or 30 or 35 or 40 centimetres, line-spacing ground, marks the position on community, ridge, tap drain and pavement.Manually with hoe, mud is done to for the first time little ridge along ridge and sidewalk line, finishing for the first time the sedimentation of relief earth manually widens with hoe after 0.5 or 1 day more for the second time, after widening for the second time, make again earth sedimentation 0.5 or 1 day, then widen for the third time, so circulation, until Xin Zuo community ridge and pavement reach required width and height.In the time doing ridge and pavement, excavate tap drain simultaneously, the earth of excavation tap drain is just being used on and is doing ridge and pavement.Then between tap drain and community, dig ditch.High 25 or 28 or 33 or 35 centimetres, wide 30 or 33 or 37 or 42 or 46 or 50 centimetres of ridge after carrying out, dark 15 or 18 or 23 or 25 centimetres of tap drain, wide 25 or 28 or 30 centimetres, high 25 or 28 or 32 or 35 centimetres, wide 0.5 or 0.8 or 1 meter of pavement, dark 25 or 28 or 33 or 35 centimetres of tap drain, wide 25 or 28 or 30 centimetres, dark 25 or 28 or 32 or 35 centimetres of ditch, wide 20 or 23 or 25 centimetres.Dry latter 5 or 6 or 7 days of Dai Xinzuo community ridge and pavement; at ridge and pavement colour bar cloth or plastic foil, to prevent each minizone liquid manure crossfire, can protect ridge and pavement simultaneously; avoid weeds propagation and widespread, convenient operation personnel walk in minizone and test.
D, community fertilising 4.After build up field trial community, each community water irrigating depth reaches after 2-4 centimetres, closes the ditch between community and tap drain.According to randomly assigne, processing is set up separately in Zu community, each district at random, Sign Board is inserted in each community, processing comprises does not respectively apply fertilizer (CK) or executes NPK chemical fertilizer (NPK) or NK+ pig manure (NK+M) or execute 1 times of pig manure (1M) or 2 times of pig manures (2M) or 4 times of pig manures (4M) or 6 times of pig manures (6M) or 8 times of pig manures (8M), and concrete fertilizer treatment is in table 1.Wherein, nitrogenous fertilizer adopts urea, and phosphate fertilizer adopts superphosphate, and potash fertilizer adopts potassium chloride; Pig manure picks up from large-scale cultivation field, and to dry pig manure weighing scale, the full nitrogen of pig manure (N) content is 4.22%, phosphorus (P) content is 3.67% entirely, potassium (K) content is 1.56% entirely.After fertilising, fertilizer and soil are fully mixed.
The processing of table 1 Paddy fields small plot experiment
* pig manure is in oven-dry weight.
E, seedling and rice transplanting 5.Field trial rice varieties select super hybridized rice H1518 or Y two excellent 3218, seed-grain, after seed soaking and vernalization, was sowed seedling Tanaka May 13, migrated to experimental plot on June 13.Regulate the face depth of water to 1-2 centimetre, field, community, adopt pull strings after the method for rice transplanting, making seeding row spacing is 18 or 19 or 21 centimetres of 11 or 12 or 13 cm x, every clump 1 or 2 seedlings, the seeding row spacing of each community and from several identical, neat and consistent.
F, community irrigate 6.When community need to be irrigated, open the ditch between community and tap drain, can pour water to community, after pouring water, close ditch.The irrigation method of rice growing season is: after rice transplanting, to the later stage sampling intermittent irrigation method of tillering, the later stage draining dry field control of tillering is tillered, booting stage to heading stage and irrigation at seed filling stage, and ripe later stage draining dry field is so that results.
G, intertillage and weeding 7.Within after rice transplanting 15 or 18 or 20 or 23 or 25 days, manually intertill, remove weeds in community in conjunction with intertillage, within after this 15 or 17 or 19 or 20 days, intertill and clean tillage is once again.In test, will pay special attention to remove the barnyard grass in standing grain clump, running check and observation, find that barnyard grass removes at any time, at any time in order to avoid affect the growth of paddy rice.
H, the extermination of disease and insect pest 8.According to community rice growing season insect pest, a situation arises, cauline leaf spraying or 3000 or 3500 or 4000 or 4500 or 5000 times of 2% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate cauline leaf spraying after after every 666.7 square metres of rice fields are watered 40 or 43 or 46 or 48 or 50 kilograms with 70 or 80 or 90 milliliter of 40.7% chlopyrifos emulsion, cauline leaf spraying or 20 or the 22 or 24 milliliter of 25% pyrrole ketone suspending agent in every 666.7 square metres of rice fields are watered 40 or 44 or 47 or 50 kilograms, the insects such as control striped rice borer or rice fulgorid or rice leaf roller.According to rice disease, a situation arises, after every 666.7 square metres of rice fields are watered 40 or 43 or 47 or 50 kilograms with 50 or 60 or 70 or 80 or 90 or 100 gram of 20% tricyclazole wettable powder, cauline leaf spraying or 100 or the 120 or 150 gram of 5% jinggangmeisu wetting powder in every 666.7 square metres of rice fields are watered 50 or 55 or 60 or 65 or 70 or 75 kilograms of sprayings, control panicle blast or banded sclerotial blight.
I, rice harves 9.In artificial Jiang Ge on September 10 community, paddy rice is cut off respectively; use small-sized thresher threshing; obtain the hair rice of each community; pack respectively and put into label; then being placed in respectively grain-sunning ground by community rough rice shines 3 or 4 days; remove empty flat paddy with the electronic paddy windmill of FC-01 type, gained essence paddy is weighed, obtain the rice yield of each community.
J, soil and groundwater sampling 10.After the paddy rice harvesting of community, gather the topsoil of 0-5 or 0-10 or 0-15 or 0-20 centimetres with the garden cartridge type earth boring auger that diameter is 3 centimetres, each community is adopted 8 or 10 or 11 and is bored soil sample, all soil samples load in mixture in plastic sack and number with marking pen, the topsoil belt transect gathering returns indoor, air-dry, pulverizes, sieve, for measuring the soil organic matter, full nitrogen, full potassium, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and available potassium equal size.Again in each cell centre, be drilled into underground 0.8 or 1 or 1.2 meter of with the fried dough twist mouth cylinder type earth boring auger of 4.5 centimetres of diameters, with the syringe groundwater abstraction sample that is fixed on the connection woven hose on 0.8 or 1 cm diameter plastic tube, pack in the happy fastener cup of 200 or 250 or 300 milliliters and numbering, the sampling of ground water gathering is taken back laboratory, for the full nitrogen of analysis water-like, full phosphorus, ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus equal size.
Claims (1)
1. a construction method for Paddy fields field plot trial, the steps include:
A, experimental field are selected: first for carrying out the experimental field soil types of field trial, and province's Yu Huo county soil types of test region; Secondly experimental field should be chosen among the rice field in flakes that the gross area reaches 5-10 hectares; The 3rd experimental field will be away from house, highway, ancient tree and graveyard; The area of the 4th test field reaches 1000-2000 square metres, and row irrigates conveniently, and illumination condition is good;
B, community arranges: according to test processing number and repeat number, number of cells is set, conventionally field trial processing number is 5-9, test repeat number is 3-4 times, community, field adds up to 15-36, 5-6 meters of zone leaders, wide 4-5 meters, community area is 20-30 square metres, community is arranged in the middle of rice field, group outer surrounding in district's is protection row, between community and community, do high 25-35 centimetres, the ridge of wide 30-50 centimetres, between district's group, establish 2 high 25-35 centimetres, the ridge of wide 30-50 centimetres, between 2 ridges, it is dark 25-35 centimetres, the tap drain of wide 25-30 centimetres, between Qu Zuyu protection row, establish high 25-35 centimetres, the pavement of wide 0.5-1 meter, between tap drain and community, open dark 25-35 centimetres, the ditch of wide 20-25 centimetres, tap drain and ditch are communicated with for irrigating and draining in community,
C, community builds: select behind experimental field, rice field is poured water to dark 3-5 centimetres, after 3-4 days, plough a field and harrow a field with Cultivator each 2-3 times, make monoblock paddy soil even, then discharge water and make 1-2 centimetres of the rice field depth of waters, according to district's group and cell size and quantity, Ge district group, community, ridge, the drift angle place on tap drain and pavement respectively squeezes into 3-4 centimetres of diameters, the stake of high 0.8-1.2 rice, between stake and stake, draw yarn, 20-40 centimetres, line-spacing ground, mark community, ridge, the position on tap drain and pavement, manually with hoe, mud is done to ridge for the first time along ridge and sidewalk line, finishing for the first time the sedimentation of relief earth manually widens with hoe after 0.5-1 day more for the second time, after widening for the second time, make again earth sedimentation 0.5-1 day, then widen for the third time, circulate 3-6 times, until reaching width, Xin Zuo community ridge and pavement be 0.3-1.0 meters, highly be 25-35 centimetres, in the time doing ridge and pavement, excavate tap drain simultaneously, the earth of excavation tap drain is used for doing ridge and pavement, then between tap drain and community, dig ditch, high 25-35 centimetres of ridge after carrying out, wide 30-50 centimetres, dark 15-25 centimetres of tap drain, wide 25-30 centimetres, pavement is high 25-35 centimetres, wide 0.5-1 meter, dark 25-35 centimetres of tap drain, wide 25-30 centimetres, dark 25-35 centimetres of ditch, wide 20-25 centimetres, dry latter 5-7 days of Dai Xinzuo community ridge and pavement, at ridge and pavement colour bar cloth or plastic foil,
D, community fertilising: after build up field trial community, each community water irrigating depth reaches after 2-4 centimetres, close the ditch between community and tap drain, processing is set up separately in Zu community, each district at random, Sign Board is inserted in each community, processing comprises does not respectively apply fertilizer or executes NPK chemical fertilizer or NK+ pig manure or execute 1 times of pig manure or 2 times of pig manures, after fertilising, fertilizer and soil is mixed;
F, seedling and rice transplanting: field trial rice varieties is selected super hybridized rice H1518 or Y two excellent 3218, after seed soaking, vernalization, be seeded in seedling Tanaka, in the time that growing to 30-35 days, migrates to experimental plot at the length of time rice seedlings grow, regulate the face depth of water to 1-2 centimetre, field, community, employing pull strings after the method for rice transplanting, making seeding row spacing is 18-21 centimetres of 11-13 cm x, every clump 1-2 seedling, the seeding row spacing of each community and from several identical, neat and consistent;
G, community are irrigated: when community is irrigated, open the ditch between community and tap drain, pour water to community, after pouring water, close ditch, the irrigation method of rice growing season is: after rice transplanting to the later stage sampling intermittent irrigation method of tillering, the later stage draining dry field control of tillering is tillered, booting stage to heading stage and irrigation at seed filling stage, ripe later stage draining dry field is so that results;
H, intertillage and weeding: within after rice transplanting 15-25 days, manually intertill, remove weeds in community in conjunction with intertillage, after this 15-20 days again intertill and clean tillage once, in test, to remove the barnyard grass in standing grain clump;
I, the extermination of disease and insect pest: a situation arises according to community rice growing season insect pest, cauline leaf spraying after every 666.7 square metres of rice fields are watered 40-50 kilograms with 70-90 milliliter of 40.7% chlopyrifos emulsion, or cauline leaf spraying after every 666.7 square metres of rice fields are watered 40-50 kilograms with 20-24 milliliter of 25% pyrrole ketone suspending agent, or 3000-5000 times of 2% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate cauline leaf spraying, the insects such as control striped rice borer or rice fulgorid or rice leaf roller, occur according to rice disease, cauline leaf spraying after every 666.7 square metres of rice fields are watered 40-50 kilograms with 50-100 gram of 20% tricyclazole wettable powder, or every 666.7 square metres of rice fields are watered 50-75 kilograms of sprayings with 100-150 gram of 5% jinggangmeisu wetting powder, control panicle blast or banded sclerotial blight,
J, rice harves: paddy rice maturation, select fine day to gather in the crops, paddy rice is cut off respectively in artificial Jiang Ge community, use thresher threshing, obtain the hair rice of each community, pack respectively and put into label, then being placed in respectively grain-sunning ground by community rough rice shines 3-4 days, remove empty flat paddy with electronic paddy windmill, gained essence paddy is weighed, obtain the rice yield of each community;
H, soil and groundwater sampling: after the paddy rice harvesting of community, gather the topsoil of 0-20 centimetres with the garden cartridge type earth boring auger that diameter is 2-4 centimetre, each community is adopted 8-11 and is bored soil sample, all soil samples load in mixture in plastic sack and number with marking pen, the topsoil belt transect gathering returns indoor, air-dry, pulverize, sieve, be used for measuring the soil organic matter, full nitrogen, full potassium, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium content, again in each cell centre, be drilled into underground 0.8-1.2 meters of with the fried dough twist mouth cylinder type earth boring auger of 4.5 centimetres of diameters, with the syringe groundwater abstraction sample that is fixed on the connection woven hose on 0.8-1 cm diameter plastic tube, pack in the happy fastener cup of 200-300 milliliters and numbering, the sampling of ground water gathering is taken back laboratory, for the full nitrogen of analysis water-like, full phosphorus, ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus content.
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