CN103808677B - A kind of assay method of paddy soil available phosphorus saturated capacity - Google Patents
A kind of assay method of paddy soil available phosphorus saturated capacity Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
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- IBSREHMXUMOFBB-JFUDTMANSA-N 5u8924t11h Chemical compound O1[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)C[C@H](O[C@@H]2C(=C/C[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C[C@@]4(O3)C=C[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(C)C)O4)OC(=O)[C@@H]3C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]4OC\C([C@@]34O)=C/C=C/[C@@H]2C)/C)O[C@H]1C.C1=C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@]11O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C3)[C@@H](OC)C2)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/2[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\2)O)C[C@H]4C1 IBSREHMXUMOFBB-JFUDTMANSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005660 Abamectin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 241001530056 Athelia rolfsii Species 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- DQJCHOQLCLEDLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC2=C1N1C=NN=C1S2 DQJCHOQLCLEDLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 244000058871 Echinochloa crus-galli Species 0.000 claims 1
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- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000192043 Echinochloa Species 0.000 description 4
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- VEMKTZHHVJILDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N resmethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)C(C=C(C)C)C1C(=O)OCC1=COC(CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 VEMKTZHHVJILDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium oxalate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of assay method of paddy soil available phosphorus saturated capacity, the steps include: A, experimental plot selection; B, community are arranged: arrange number of cells according to test process number and repeat number; C, community build: behind Selection experiment field, pour water to rice field, at ridge and pavement colour bar cloth; D, community fertilising: artificial by fertilizer and soil mixing after fertilising; E, seedling and rice transplanting: rice varieties selects super hybridized rice; F, community are irrigated: open the ditch between community and tap drain when community is irrigated, pour water to community, ripe later stage draining dry field; G, intertillage and weeding; H, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control; I, rice harves: select fine day to gather in the crops, obtain the rice yield of each community; J, soil sampling; K, soil sample measure; L, result calculate.Accuracy is high, operation, practical, be applicable to paddy soil available phosphorus saturated capacity measure.Arrive rice high yield, prevent again the problem of environmental pollution because rice field phosphorous loss causes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soil nutrient studying technological domain, more specifically relate to a kind of assay method of paddy soil available phosphorus saturated capacity, it is suitable for application in various paddy soil available phosphorus saturated capacity mensuration.
Background technology
Phosphorus element is plant growth and grows one of necessary macronutrient.People are the demand meeting high crop yield, use chemical fertilizer and muck in a large number for a long time in farmland, cause soil phosphorus to accumulate, and agricultural land soil phosphorus element runs up to a certain degree, and the release of soil phophorus can increase greatly, thus causes phosphorous loss, causes body eutrophication.This not only lowers the economic benefit of fertilizer, and cause economic loss, add the risk of water environment pollution simultaneously.The environment sensitive index that the proposition in 1998 such as vanderMolen discharges as soil phosphorus by soil phophorus saturation degree.The sampling soil Study on Test Method in 2006 such as Zhang Mingkui shows, when soil phophorus saturation degree is 16%-18%, Soil P release potentiality obviously increase; And the research in 2000 such as Kleinman shows that the phosphorus saturation degree critical value of dryland soil environment sensitive is generally 25%.Soil phophorus saturation degree refer to the quantity of Phosphate Sorption on soil colloid account for the total adsorption capacity of soil phophorus percentage, measure soil phophorus saturation degree and have chemical method, method as the mensuration soil phophorus saturation degree (Degreeofphosphorussaturation is called for short DPS) of the propositions in 2000 such as Schoumans is:
p in formula
oxfor adopting acid ammonium oxalate extract (the acid ammonium oxalate of 0.1 mol/L oxalic acid+0.175 mol/L) (pH value 3.0), by Tu Shui than 1:40(weight ratio) lixiviate, get appropriate leaching liquor after filtration and on electric hot plate, heat evaporate to dryness and the sulfuric acid adding 10 milliliters of 1:2:7: perchloric acid: nitric acid (volume ratio) disappears and boils, after constant volume, adopt molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method to measure phosphorus concentration; Fe
oxand Al
oxfor above-mentioned filtered fluid inductivity coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) measures Fe ion and Al ion concentration.Phosphorus maximal absorptive capacity (the Q that another kind of mensuration soil is potential
m, mg/kg) calculating of sampling Langmuir equation model:
in formula, Q is phosphorus adsorbance (mg/kg), and the concentration (mg/litre) of solution phosphorus when C is adsorption equilibrium, K is the equilibrium constant.Phosphate adsorption isotherm carries out at 25 DEG C, the solid-to-liquid ratio of sampling is 1:20(weight ratio), initially add phosphorus concentration and be respectively 0,5,10,20,30,40,50,60,70 mg/litre, dielectric is 0.1 mol/L potassium chloride, drip 2 phenol to stop the activity of microorganism, concussion equilibration time is 24 hours.Then soil phophorus saturation degree (DPS) is calculated as follows:
Q in formula
m+ STP is the total adsorption capacity of soil phophorus, wherein Q
mfor the phosphorus maximum adsorption capacity that (not by adsorb) is potential; STP is can the phosphorus amount of desorb by what adsorb, is 1:20(weight ratio with 0.5 mol/L sodium bicarbonate (pH8.5) in solid-to-liquid ratio) continuously concussion desorb in 24 hours extract, the Phos molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method of extraction measures.A kind of front method is actually the ratio accounting for iron and aluminium content according to soil phosphorus content and estimates soil phophorus saturation degree, do not consider that cultivation management and water grading factors are on the impact of soil phophorus saturation degree, the research in 2006 such as Zhang Mingkui finds, the soil phophorus saturation degree that rice soil measures after cultivating under anaerobic condition is significantly lower than the result of cultivating mensuration under aerobic conditions.A kind of rear method also measures under indoor condition of culture, does not consider the impact of soil crop and microorganism and water consumpation conditions on soil phosphorus saturation degree.These methods are all set up based on dryland soil in addition, and there is bigger difference in cultivation management in paddy soil and dryland soil, under particularly rice soil is in waterflooding state for a long time, therefore adopting the soil phophorus saturation degree assay method set up based on dryland soil whether to be applicable to rice soil is worth inquiring into.The present invention sets up a kind of assay method measuring paddy soil available phosphorus saturated capacity, utilizes the natural conditions of field paddy rice normal growth to get off to measure the saturated capacity of soil available phosphorus, and not only measurement result is accurate, and more tallies with the actual situation.For instructing rice field Rational Application phosphorus fertilizer (comprising chemical phosphatic ferfilizer and fertilizer), preventing rice field phosphorous loss and causing environment pollution of area source to have important effect.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the assay method that there are provided a kind of paddy soil available phosphorus saturated capacity, the method accuracy is high, workable, practical, is applicable to measuring all kinds paddy soil available phosphorus saturated capacity.Be used to guide all kinds rice field Rational Application phosphate fertilizer, can rice high yield be arrived, the problem of environmental pollution because rice field phosphorous loss causes can be prevented again.
In order to realize above-mentioned object, the present invention adopts following technical measures:
A kind of assay method of paddy soil available phosphorus saturated capacity, it is the feature for China's water paddy soil and moisture and cultivation management mode, certain is selected to need the Major Types of Paddy Soils measured, adopt Dressing Moist Rice Field earth repeatedly sedimentation Zhu Jian community ridge and walkway, and employing is widened and adopts waterproof material coverage cell ridge and walkway, to prevent minizone nutrient and moisture crossfire, and adopt tap drain to connect the community irrigation method of ditch, increase each process multiplicity, each process rate of fertilizer application improves constantly, community is arranged at random at Qu Zuzhong, guarantee that each community density of transplants is identical with standing grain clump number, earth boring auger is adopted to gather rice field topsoil during rice harves, in office analysis respectively processes the measures such as soil available phosphorus content.Effective technological approaches is provided for measuring China's paddy soil available phosphorus content saturated capacity on the spot.
An assay method for paddy soil available phosphorus saturated capacity, comprises the following steps:
A, experimental plot are selected.According to province, city, county's soil investigation data, selection needs to measure certain main Types paddy soil, experimental plot should be selected among the rice field in flakes that the total area reaches more than 5-10 hectares or 10 hectares, experimental plot should away from house, highway, ancient tree and graveyard etc., traffic wants convenient, be conducive to test material and sample carrying turnover experimental plot, test field area requirements reaches 1000-2000 square metres, require that iirigation water source is sufficient throughout the year, face, field is higher than more than catch gutter 80cm, be convenient to draining, without high-tension electricity transmission tower or high mountain in field surrounding 100 meters, illumination condition is good.
B, community are arranged.Arrange number of cells according to test process number and repeat number, usual field test process number is 5-9, and test repeat number is 3-4 times, and so field plot adds up to 15-36.Zone leader 5-6 meters, wide 4-5 meters, plot area is 20-30 square metres.All communities are arranged in the middle of rice field, and group outer surrounding in district's is protection row.High 25-35 centimetres, wide 30-50 centimetres ridge is done between community and community; 2 high 25-35 centimetres, ridges of wide 30-50 centimetres are established between district's group; it is the tap drain of dark 25-35 centimetres, wide 25-30 centimetres between 2 ridges; high 25-35 centimetres, wide 0.5-1 meter walkway is established between Qu Zuyu protection row; between tap drain and community, open the ditch of dark 25-35 centimetres, wide 20-25 centimetres, tap drain is communicated with ditch and is used for irrigating and draining in community.
C, community build.After choosing suitable experimental plot, dark 3-5 centimetres are poured water to rice field, plough a field with Cultivator after 3-4 days and harrow a field each 2-3 times, make monoblock paddy soil even.Then discharge water and make the rice field depth of water 1-2 centimetres.According to district's group and cell size and quantity, the stake of diameter 3-4 centimetres, high 0.8-1.2 rice is respectively squeezed at the drift angle place on each district group, community, ridge, tap drain and walkway, yarn is drawn between stake and stake, 20-40 centimetres, line-spacing ground, marks the position on community, ridge, tap drain and walkway.Manually with hoe, mud is done first time little ridge along ridge and sidewalk line, first time finish the sedimentation of relief earth after 0.5-1 day more artificial hoe carry out second time and widen, second time makes earth sedimentation 0.5-1 day after widening again, then carry out third time to widen, circulation like this 3-6 times, is 0.3-1.0 meters until the community ridge newly done and walkway reach width, is highly 25-35 centimetres.When doing ridge and walkway, excavating tap drain simultaneously, the earth of excavation tap drain being just used on and doing ridge and walkway.Then between tap drain and community, ditch is dug.High 25-35 centimetres, wide 30-50 centimetres of ridge after carrying out, dark 15-25 centimetres of tap drain, wide 25-30 centimetres, high 25-35 centimetres, wide 0.5-1 meter of walkway, dark 25-35 centimetres of tap drain, wide 25-30 centimetres, little ditch depth 25-35 centimetres, wide 20-25 centimetres.After the community ridge newly done and walkway are dry 5-7 days; at ridge and pavement colour bar cloth or plastic foil, to prevent each minizone liquid manure crossfire, ridge and walkway can be protected simultaneously; avoid weeds propagation and widespread, convenient operation personnel are in minizone walking and test.
D, community fertilising.After field test community is built up, after each community water irrigating depth reaches 2-4 centimetres, close the ditch between community and tap drain.According to randomly assigne, process is set up separately in the community of each district group at random, Sign Board is inserted in each community, process can be do not apply fertilizer or execute NPK or NK+ pig manure or execute 1 times of pig manure or 2 times of pig manures or 4 times of pig manures or 6 times of pig manures or 8 times of pig manures or 10 times of pig manures etc., and process also can be do not apply fertilizer or execute NPK or NK+2 times of P or NK+4 times of P or NK+6 times of P or NK+8 times of P or NK+10 times of P etc.Fertilising is artificial afterwards suitably to be mixed fertilizer and soil.
E, seedling and rice transplanting.Rice varieties can select super hybridized rice H1518 or Y two excellent 3218, is seeded in seedling Tanaka, when the length of time rice seedlings grow grows to 30-35 days, migrates to experimental plot after seed soaking, vernalization.Regulate community Soil surface water to be deep to 1-2 centimetres during rice transplanting, adopt the method for rice transplanting after pulling strings, make seeding row spacing be 11-13 cm x 18-21 centimetres, every clump 1-2 seedling, the seeding row spacing of each community is identical with clump number, neat and consistent.
F, community are irrigated.Community needs the ditch opened when irrigating between community and tap drain, can pour water, close ditch after pouring water to community.The irrigation method of rice growing season is: to later stage sampling gap irrigation method of tillering after rice transplanting, and later stage draining dry field of tillering controls to tiller, boot stage to heading stage and irrigation at seed filling stage, and ripe later stage draining dry field is to gather in the crops.
G, intertillage and weeding.Within after rice transplanting 15-25 days, manually intertill, in conjunction with weeds in intertillage removing community, within after this 15-20 days, intertill and clean tillage is once again.To pay special attention in test to remove the barnyard grass in standing grain clump, running check and observation, find that barnyard grass removes, at any time in order to avoid affect the growth of paddy rice at any time.
H, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.According to community rice growing season insect pest, a situation arises, cauline leaf spraying or 3000-5000 times of 2% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate cauline leaf spraying after after every 666.7 square metres of rice fields are watered 40-50 kilograms with 70-90 milliliter of 40.7% chlopyrifos emulsion, cauline leaf spraying or every 666.7 square metres of rice fields are watered 40-50 kilograms with 20-24 milliliter of 25% pyrrole ketone suspending agent, control striped rice borer or the insect such as planthopper or rice leaf roller.According to rice disease, a situation arises, after every 666.7 square metres of rice fields are watered 40-50 kilograms with 50-100 gram of 20% tricyclazole wettable powder, cauline leaf spraying or 100-150 gram of 5% jinggangmeisu wettable powder in every 666.7 square metres of rice fields are watered 50-75 kilograms of sprayings, control panicle blast or banded sclerotial blight.
I, rice harves.When paddy rice is ripe; fine day is selected to gather in the crops; manually each community paddy rice is cut off respectively; use small-sized thresher threshing, obtain the hair rice of each community, pack respectively and put into label; then be placed in grain-sunning ground respectively by community rough rice to shine 3-4 days; with the empty flat paddy of FC-01 type electronic paddy windmill removing, gained essence paddy is weighed, obtains the rice yield of each community.
J, soil sampling.After the rice harvesting of community, the topsoil of 0-20 centimetres is gathered with the cylinder type earth boring auger that diameter is 2-4 centimetre, each community is adopted 8-11 and is bored soil sample, all soil samples to load in mixture in polybag and number with marking pen, the veneer of soil belt transect gathered goes back to indoor, air-dry, pulverizes, cross 20 mesh sieves, for measuring soil available phosphorus content.
K, soil sample measure.Soil available phosphorus assay is write " soil microbial biomass assay method and application thereof " for 2006 with reference to Wu Jinshui etc. and is slightly revised, concrete operations: the soil sample 4 grams taking above-mentioned air-dry rear mistake 20 mesh sieve, be placed in the happy button box of plastics of 100 milliliters, add 80 milliliter of 0.5 mol/L sodium bicarbonate solution (pH8.5), build lid and be placed in oscillator 30 minutes (150-300 revs/min) that vibrate, with bilayer Filter paper filtering at a slow speed.Get 1-5 milliliters of filtrates in 25 milliliters of volumetric flasks, add 0.5-2.5 milliliter of 1 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, after neutralization, shake volumetric flask makes release of carbonate dioxide, adding distil water is to about 20 milliliters, add 4 milliliters of anti-mixing nitrite ions of molybdenum antimony again, constant volume, with the colorimetric estimation under 882 nano wave lengths of UV-8500II spectrophotometer.
L, result calculate.By each process paddy soil available phosphorus (P) content (mg/kg) with apply phosphorus in fertilizer (P) content (kilogram/hectare) and carry out matching by piecewise linear model, analog computation goes out paddy soil available phosphorus saturated capacity.With apply phosphorus (P) content in the fertilizer of rice field (unit: kilogram/hectare or kilogram/666.7 square metres) for X-axis, with soil available phosphorus (P) content (unit: mg/kg) for Y-axis, sampling Excel software does scatter diagram, then two sections of linear analogues are carried out, when phosphorus application amount is lower, along with the increase paddy soil available phosphorus content of phosphorus application amount increases, by this part some straight-line equation 1:y=a
1x+b
1simulation, after soil available phosphorus increase to a certain degree, although phosphorus application amount increases, soil available phosphorus content no longer increases, but remains on a maintenance level, by this part point sampling straight-line equation 2:y=a
2x+b
2simulation, the y value of equation 2 is paddy soil available phosphorus saturated capacity value.
Described paddy soil available phosphorus saturated capacity assay method comprises: experimental plot is selected, and community is arranged, and community builds, seedling and rice transplanting, and community is irrigated, intertillage and weeding, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, rice harves, soil sampling, and soil sample measures, and result calculates.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1. this paddy soil available phosphorus saturated capacity assay method, by to normal growths such as field paddy rice and microorganisms, moisture is by under the actual conditions such as paddy rice Routine Management mode, thus determination and analysis is carried out to paddy soil obtain, the result obtained tallies with the actual situation more, improves the authenticity of measurement result.
2., because field process sampling repeatedly repeats, community soil sampling and soil test control strict, and adopt best equation to simulate to result, thus improve the accuracy of measurement result.
3. the method is simple to operate, and cost is low, and rice field plot experiment does not need special construction personnel and those skilled in the art can construct, and soil test analytic process difficulty is lower, and usual technician can complete determination and analysis.
4. measure this community, rice field after terminating to be easy to return to land for growing field crops state, do not leave any concrete scar, utilize Ecological Environment of Paddy Field to protect.
5. practicality is wide, be applicable to the mensuration of all kinds paddy soil available phosphorus saturated capacity, result can be used for the determination instructing all kinds rice field phosphate fertilizer optimum amount of application, guarantees the demand of rice high yield to phosphorus element, prevents rice field phosphorous loss from causing water environment pollution simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic diagram of paddy soil available phosphorus saturated capacity assay method.
Fig. 2 is the matching of a kind of paddy soil available phosphorus saturated capacity.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
An assay method for paddy soil available phosphorus saturated capacity, comprises the following steps:
A, experimental plot select 1.Requirement is selected according to test rice field, the test rice field that example is selected is positioned at 1 group, white clay Hu Xiang Jia He village of Xiangyin County of Hunan Province, geographic coordinate is north latitude 28 ° 44 ' 41.6 ", east longitude 112 ° 50 ' 51.5 ", more than 20 hectares, rice field is in flakes had around experimental plot, experimental plot area is 1200 square metres, distance 500 meters, highway, 200 meters, distance peasant household house, irrigation condition is good, and illumination is abundant.Soil is the zhuyu paddy soil that lacustrine deposits matrix is formed, and is Lake Dongting area typical representative rice soil type.
B, community arrange 2.Example Paddy fields process number is 8, each process repetition 3 times.Zone leader 5 meters, wide 4 meters, plot area is 20 square metres.All communities are arranged in the middle of rice field, and group outer surrounding in district's is protection row.High 25-35 centimetres, wide 30-50 centimetres ridge is done between community and community; 2 high 25 or 28 or 32 or 35 centimetres, ridges of wide 30 or 33 or 50 centimetres are established between district's group; it is the tap drain of dark 25 or 28 or 33 or 35 centimetres, wide 25 or 28 or 30 centimetres between 2 ridges; high 25 or 27 or 31 or 33 or 35 centimetres, wide 0.5 or 0.8 or 1 meter walkway is established between Qu Zuyu protection row; between tap drain and community, open the ditch of dark 25 or 28 or 32 or 35 centimetres, wide 20 or 23 or 25 centimetres, tap drain is communicated with ditch and is used for irrigating and draining in community.
C, community build 3.After choosing suitable experimental plot, dark 3 or 4 or 5 centimetres are poured water to rice field, plough a field with Cultivator after 3 or 4 days and harrow a field each 2 or 3 times, make monoblock paddy soil even.Then discharge water and make the rice field depth of water 1 or 2 centimetres.According to district's group and cell size and quantity, the stake of diameter 3 or 4 centimetres, high 1 meter is respectively squeezed at the drift angle place on each district group, community, ridge, tap drain and walkway, yarn is drawn between stake and stake, line-spacing ground 20 or 25 or 30 or 35 or 40 centimetres, mark the position on community, ridge, tap drain and walkway.Manually with hoe, mud is done first time little ridge along ridge and sidewalk line, first time finish relief earth sedimentation 0.5 or 1 day after more artificial hoe carry out second time and widen, second time makes earth sedimentation 0.5 or 1 day after widening again, then carry out third time to widen, circulation like this 3-6 times, until the community ridge newly done and walkway reach required width and height.When doing ridge and walkway, excavating tap drain simultaneously, the earth of excavation tap drain being just used on and doing ridge and walkway.Then between tap drain and community, ditch is dug.High 25 or 28 or 33 or 35 centimetres, wide 30 or 33 or 37 or 42 or 46 or 50 centimetres of ridge after carrying out, dark 15 or 18 or 23 or 25 centimetres of tap drain, wide 25 or 28 or 30 centimetres, high 25 or 28 or 32 or 35 centimetres, wide 0.5 or 0.8 or 1 meter of walkway, dark 25 or 28 or 33 or 35 centimetres of tap drain, wide 25 or 28 or 30 centimetres, little ditch depth 25 or 28 or 32 or 35 centimetres, wide 20 or 23 or 25 centimetres.After the community ridge newly done and walkway are dry 5 or 6 or 7 days; at ridge and pavement colour bar cloth or plastic foil, to prevent each minizone liquid manure crossfire, ridge and walkway can be protected simultaneously; avoid weeds propagation and widespread, convenient operation personnel are in minizone walking and test.
D, community fertilising 4.After field test community is built up, after each community water irrigating depth reaches 2-4 centimetres, close the ditch between community and tap drain.According to randomly assigne, process is set up separately in the community of each district group at random, Sign Board is inserted in each community, process comprises respectively not to be applied fertilizer (CK) or executes NPK chemical fertilizer (NPK) or NK+ pig manure (NK+M) or execute 1 times of pig manure (1M) or 2 times of pig manures (2M) or 4 times of pig manures (4M) or 6 times of pig manures (6M) or 8 times of pig manures (8M), and concrete fertilizer treatment is in table 1.Wherein, nitrogenous fertilizer adopts urea, and phosphate fertilizer adopts calcium superphosphate, and potash fertilizer adopts potassium chloride; Pig manure picks up from scale livestock farming, and to dry pig manure weighing scale, the full nitrogen of pig manure (N) content is 4.22%, full phosphorus (P) content is 3.67%, full potassium (K) content is 1.56%.After fertilising, fertilizer and soil are fully mixed.
Table 1 rice field respectively processes community rate of fertilizer application
* pig manure is with oven-dried weight gauge.
E, seedling and rice transplanting 5.Field test rice varieties selects super hybridized rice H1518 or Y two excellent 3218, and seed-grain is after seed soaking and vernalization, and in sowing seedling on May 13 Tanaka, June 13 migrated to experimental plot.Regulate community Soil surface water to be deep to 1-2 centimetres, adopt the method for rice transplanting after pulling strings, make seeding row spacing be 11 or 12 or 13 cm x 18 or 19 or 21 centimetres, every clump 1 or 2 seedlings, the seeding row spacing of each community is identical with clump number, neat and consistent.
F, community irrigate 6.Community needs the ditch opened when irrigating between community and tap drain, can pour water, close ditch after pouring water to community.The irrigation method of rice growing season is: to later stage sampling gap irrigation method of tillering after rice transplanting, and later stage draining dry field of tillering controls to tiller, boot stage to heading stage and irrigation at seed filling stage, and ripe later stage draining dry field is to gather in the crops.
G, intertillage and weeding 7.Within after rice transplanting 15 or 18 or 20 or 23 or 25 days, manually intertill, in conjunction with weeds in intertillage removing community, within after this 15 or 17 or 19 or 20 days, intertill and clean tillage is once again.To pay special attention in test to remove the barnyard grass in standing grain clump, running check and observation, find that barnyard grass removes, at any time in order to avoid affect the growth of paddy rice at any time.
H, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control 8.According to community rice growing season insect pest, a situation arises, cauline leaf spraying or 3000 or 3500 or 4000 or 4500 or 5000 times of 2% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate cauline leaf spraying after after every 666.7 square metres of rice fields are watered 40 or 43 or 46 or 48 or 50 kilograms with 70 or 80 or 90 milliliter of 40.7% chlopyrifos emulsion, cauline leaf spraying or every 666.7 square metres of rice fields are watered 40 or 44 or 47 or 50 kilograms with 20 or 22 or 24 milliliter of 25% pyrrole ketone suspending agent, control striped rice borer or the insect such as planthopper or rice leaf roller.According to rice disease, a situation arises, after every 666.7 square metres of rice fields are watered 40 or 43 or 47 or 50 kilograms with 50 or 60 or 70 or 80 or 90 or 100 gram of 20% tricyclazole wettable powder, cauline leaf spraying or 100 or the 120 or 150 gram of 5% jinggangmeisu wettable powder in every 666.7 square metres of rice fields are watered 50 or 55 or 60 or 65 or 70 or 75 kilograms of sprayings, control panicle blast or banded sclerotial blight.
I, rice harves 9.Manually each community paddy rice was cut off respectively September 10; use small-sized thresher threshing; obtain the hair rice of each community; pack respectively and put into label; then be placed in grain-sunning ground respectively by community rough rice to shine 3 or 4 days; with the empty flat paddy of FC-01 type electronic paddy windmill removing, gained essence paddy is weighed, obtains the rice yield of each community.
J, soil sampling 10.After the rice harvesting of community, the topsoil of 0-20 centimetres is gathered with the cylinder type earth boring auger that diameter is 2-4 centimetre, each community is adopted 8-11 and is bored soil sample, all soil samples to load in mixture in polybag and number with marking pen, the veneer of soil belt transect gathered goes back to indoor, air-dry, pulverizes, cross 20 mesh sieves, for measuring soil available phosphorus content.
K, soil sample measure 11.Soil available phosphorus assay is write " soil microbial biomass assay method and application thereof " for 2006 with reference to Wu Jinshui etc. and is slightly revised, concrete operations: the soil sample 4 grams taking above-mentioned air-dry rear mistake 20 mesh sieve, be placed in the happy button box of plastics of 100 milliliters, add 80 milliliter of 0.5 mol/L sodium bicarbonate solution (pH8.5), build lid and be placed in oscillator 30 minutes (150-300 revs/min) that vibrate, with bilayer Filter paper filtering at a slow speed.Get 1-5 milliliters of filtrates in 25 milliliters of volumetric flasks, add 0.5-2.5 milliliter of 1 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, after neutralization, shake volumetric flask makes release of carbonate dioxide, adding distil water is to about 20 milliliters, add 4 milliliters of anti-mixing nitrite ions of molybdenum antimony again, constant volume, with the colorimetric estimation under 882 nano wave lengths of UV-8500II spectrophotometer.
L, result calculate 12.By 8 process paddy soil available phosphorus contents (y, mg/kg) with apply phosphorus content in fertilizer (x, kilogram/hectare) and carry out two sections of linear model matchings, the equation of first paragraph linear model is: y=0.0453x+7.2922, correlation coefficient r
*=0.9870, the equation of second segment linear model is: y=0.0016x+37.491, correlation coefficient r
*=0.6971, all reach pole significant correlation level (Fig. 2).It is 39.2 ± 0.56 mgs/kg that analog computation obtains this paddy soil available phosphorus saturated capacity.
Claims (1)
1. an assay method for paddy soil available phosphorus saturated capacity, the steps include:
A, experimental plot are selected: according to province, city, county's soil investigation data, select to measure paddy soil, experimental plot should be selected among the rice field in flakes that the total area reaches more than 10 hectares, and experimental plot should away from house, highway, ancient tree and graveyard, and test field area reaches 1000-2000 square metre;
B, community is arranged: arrange number of cells according to test process number and repeat number, usual field test process number is 5-9, test repeat number is 3-4 time, field plot adds up to 15-36, zone leader 5-6 rice, wide 4-5 rice, plot area is 20-30 square metre, all communities are arranged in the middle of rice field, high 25-35 centimetre is between community and community, the ridge of wide 30-50 centimetre, 2 high 25-35 centimetre are established between district's group, the ridge of wide 30-50 centimetre, be dark 25-35 centimetre between 2 ridges, the tap drain of wide 25-30 centimetre, high 25-35 centimetre is established between Qu Zuyu protection row, the walkway of wide 0.5-1 rice, dark 25-35 centimetre is opened between tap drain and community, the ditch of wide 20-25 centimetre, tap drain is communicated with ditch and is used for irrigating and draining in community,
C, community builds: behind Selection experiment field, poured water dark 3-5 centimetre in rice field, plough a field with Cultivator after 3-4 days and harrow a field each 2-3 time, make monoblock paddy soil even, then discharge water and make rice field depth of water 1-2 centimetre, according to district's group and cell size and quantity, in each district group, community, ridge, the drift angle place on tap drain and walkway respectively squeezes into diameter 3-4 centimetre, the stake of high 0.8-1.2 rice, yarn is drawn between stake and stake, line-spacing ground 20-40 centimetre, mark community, ridge, the position on tap drain and walkway, manually with hoe, mud is done first time little ridge along ridge and sidewalk line, first time finish the sedimentation of relief earth after 0.5-1 days more artificial hoe carry out second time and widen, second time makes earth sedimentation 0.5-1 days after widening again, then carry out third time to widen, circulation 3-6 time, until it is 0.3-1.0 rice that the community ridge newly done and walkway reach width, be highly 25-35 centimetre, when doing ridge and walkway, excavate tap drain simultaneously, the earth of excavation tap drain is used for doing ridge and walkway, ditch is dug between tap drain and community, ridge height 25-35 centimetre after carrying out, wide 30-50 centimetre, walkway height 25-35 centimetre, wide 0.5-1 rice, the dark 25-35 centimetre of tap drain, wide 25-30 centimetre, little ditch depth 25-35 centimetre, wide 20-25 centimetre, 5-7 days after the community ridge newly done and walkway are done, at ridge and pavement colour bar cloth or plastic foil,
D, apply fertilizer in community: after field test community is built up, each community water irrigating depth reaches 2-4 centimetre, close the ditch between community and tap drain, process is set up separately in the community of each district group at random, Sign Board is inserted in each community, process does not apply fertilizer or execute NPK or NK+ pig manure or executes 1 times of pig manure or 2 times of pig manures or 4 times of pig manures or 6 times of pig manures or 8 times of pig manures or 10 times of pig manures, or NPK or NK+2 times P or NK+4 times P or NK+6 times P or NK+8 times P or NK+10 times of P is not applied fertilizer or executes in process, artificial by fertilizer and soil mixing after fertilising,
E, seedling and rice transplanting: rice varieties selects super hybridized rice H1518 or Y two excellent 3218, seedling Tanaka is seeded in after seed soaking, vernalization, experimental plot is migrated to when the length of time rice seedlings grow grows to 30-35 days, community Soil surface water is regulated to be deep to 1-2 centimetre during rice transplanting, adopt the method for rice transplanting after pulling strings, make seeding row spacing be 11-13 cm x 18-21 centimetre, every clump of 1-2 seedling, the seeding row spacing of each community is identical with clump number, neat and consistent;
F, community are irrigated: open the ditch between community and tap drain when community is irrigated, pour water to community, ditch is closed after pouring water, the irrigation method of rice growing season is: to later stage sampling gap irrigation method of tillering after rice transplanting, later stage draining dry field of tillering controls to tiller, boot stage to heading stage and irrigation at seed filling stage, ripe later stage draining dry field;
G, intertillage and weeding: within after rice transplanting 15-25 days, manually intertill, in conjunction with intertillage removing community in weeds, after this 15-20 days again intertill and clean tillage once, in test, remove the barnyard grass in standing grain clump;
H, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: a situation arises according to community rice growing season insect pest, cauline leaf spraying after every 666.7 square metres of rice field 70-90 milliliter 40.7% chlopyrifos emulsions are watered 40-50 kilogram, or cauline leaf spraying after every 666.7 square metres of rice field 20-24 milliliter 25% pyrrole ketone suspending agents are watered 40-50 kilogram, or 3000-5000 is 2% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate cauline leaf spraying doubly, control striped rice borer or planthopper or rice leaf roller insect, according to rice disease, a situation arises, cauline leaf spraying after every 666.7 square metres of rice field 50-100 gram 20% tricyclazole wettable powder is watered 40-50 kilogram, or every 666.7 square metres of rice field 100-150 gram 5% jinggangmeisu wettable powder is watered 50-75 kilogram of spraying, control panicle blast or banded sclerotial blight,
I, rice harves: when paddy rice is ripe, fine day is selected to gather in the crops, manually each community paddy rice is cut off respectively, use small-sized thresher threshing, obtain the hair rice of each community, pack respectively and put into label, then be placed in grain-sunning ground respectively by community rough rice and shine 3-4 days, with the empty flat paddy of electronic paddy windmill removing, gained essence paddy is weighed, obtains the rice yield of each community;
J, soil sampling: after the rice harvesting of community, the topsoil of 0-20 centimetre is gathered with the cylinder type earth boring auger that diameter is 2-4 centimetre, each community is adopted 8-11 and is bored soil sample, all soil samples to load in mixture in polybag and number with marking pen, the veneer of soil belt transect gathered goes back to indoor, air-dry, pulverizes, cross 20 mesh sieves, for measuring soil available phosphorus content;
K, soil sample measure: the soil sample 4 grams taking above-mentioned air-dry rear mistake 20 mesh sieve, be placed in the happy button box of plastics of 100 milliliters, add 80 milliliter of 0.5 mol/L sodium bicarbonate solution, build lid be placed in oscillator vibrate 30 minutes, filter by double-layer filter paper, get 1-5 milliliter filtrate in 25 milliliters of volumetric flasks, add 0.5-2.5 milliliter 1 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, after neutralization, shake volumetric flask makes release of carbonate dioxide, adding distil water to 20 milliliter, add 4 milliliters of anti-mixing nitrite ions of molybdenum antimony again, constant volume, with spectrophotometer colorimetric estimation under 882 nano wave lengths;
L, result calculates: by each process paddy soil available phosphorus content with apply phosphorus content in fertilizer and carry out matching by piecewise linear model, analog computation goes out paddy soil available phosphorus saturated capacity, to apply in the fertilizer of rice field phosphorus content for X-axis, wherein apply the unit of phosphorus content in the fertilizer of rice field: kilogram/hectare or kilogram/666.7 square metres, with soil available phosphorus content for Y-axis, the wherein unit of soil available phosphorus content: mg/kg be, sampling Excel software does scatter diagram, then two sections of linear analogues are carried out, during phosphorus application amount, along with the increase paddy soil available phosphorus content of phosphorus application amount increases, by this part some straight-line equation 1:y=a
1x+b
1simulation, after soil available phosphorus increases, phosphorus application amount increases, and soil available phosphorus content no longer increases, and remains on a maintenance level, by this part point sampling straight-line equation 2:y=a
2x+b
2simulation, the y value of equation 2 is paddy soil available phosphorus saturated capacity value.
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Inventor after: Xiao Heai Inventor after: Wang Juan Inventor after: Liao Dunxiu Inventor after: Zhou Ping Inventor after: Zhou Jiaogen Inventor after: Li Baozhen Inventor after: Ge Tida Inventor after: Liu Jiuhong Inventor after: Yang Chuxian Inventor after: Xie Duoyun Inventor after: Tan Deming Inventor after: Ren Keai Inventor after: Liu Jianfei Inventor after: Jiang Hongliang Inventor after: Sun Yutao Inventor after: Wu Jinshui Inventor after: Huang Fengqiu Inventor after: Xie Yonghong Inventor after: Wu Xiangyu Inventor before: Xiao Heai Inventor before: Liao Dunxiu Inventor before: Zhou Ping Inventor before: Zhou Jiaogen Inventor before: Li Baozhen Inventor before: Ge Tida Inventor before: Liu Jiuhong Inventor before: Yang Chuxian Inventor before: Xie Duoyun Inventor before: Tan Deming Inventor before: Ren Keai Inventor before: Liu Jianfei Inventor before: Sun Yutao Inventor before: Wu Jinshui Inventor before: Huang Fengqiu Inventor before: Xie Yonghong Inventor before: Wu Xiangyu Inventor before: Wang Juan |
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Effective date of registration: 20151209 Address after: 410125 Changsha Province, Furong district, Hunan Yuanda Road No. two, No. 1071 Applicant after: Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences Applicant after: Hunan Zhongke industry limited company Address before: 410125 Changsha Province, Furong district, Hunan Yuanda Road No. two, No. 1071 Applicant before: Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
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Effective date of registration: 20160325 Address after: 410125 Changsha Province, Furong district, Hunan Yuanda Road No. two, No. 1071 Applicant after: Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences Applicant after: Hunan Zhongke industry limited company Applicant after: Fuchuan Guangxi Bo rich animal husbandry cycle development limited liability company Address before: 410125 Changsha Province, Furong district, Hunan Yuanda Road No. two, No. 1071 Applicant before: Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences Applicant before: Hunan Zhongke industry limited company |
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