CN102771351A - Cultivation method of longan - Google Patents

Cultivation method of longan Download PDF

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CN102771351A
CN102771351A CN2012102618508A CN201210261850A CN102771351A CN 102771351 A CN102771351 A CN 102771351A CN 2012102618508 A CN2012102618508 A CN 2012102618508A CN 201210261850 A CN201210261850 A CN 201210261850A CN 102771351 A CN102771351 A CN 102771351A
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field planting
soil
spacing
strain
longan
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CN102771351B (en
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游树田
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WUHAN WOTEAM ECOLOGY TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
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Abstract

The invention relates to a cultivation method of longan, which comprises the following steps: A. setting the row spacing of the fixed planting pit position to be 1.5-2.5 m and the line spacing to be 2-5 m; B. digging the fixed planting pits; C.applying a fertilizer to the dug out mellow soil according to each strain; and then filling back the mellow soil with the clay fertilizer to enable the immature soil to be filled back on the mellow soil; D. digging the fixed planting holes on the central position of the fixed planting pit soil surface; pouring water into the fixed planting holes; when the water is completely infiltrated, placing seedlings of longan in the fixed planting holes; E. paving a mulching film after fixed planting; F. spraying monopotassium phosphate to leaves; G. cutting each seedling to be 80-100 cm in height; and leaving 4-6 directional main boughs on each seedling; and H. setting the row spacing at the fifth year after the fixed planting to be 3-5 m, and at the seventh year to be 4-6 m. With the adoption of the cultivation method, the earlier-stage yield and the output value of longan can be effectively improved; the investment cost recovery period can be shortened; and the anti-risk capability of the project can be enhanced.

Description

The cultivation method of a kind of longan
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant planting field, more specifically relate to the cultivation method of a kind of longan, be applicable to the extensive region of longan cultivation and the application of kind.
Background technology
Longan is one of China's tropical fruit (tree) kind, has anti-oxidant, antianxiety, anticancer, lipopenicillinase with its pulp and protects the heart and effect such as antibacterial.And the arillus longan health care wine that can be processed into instant edible longan cream, appetizing fruit juice and have certain effect.Eat to the development of health food intensive processing aspect and progressively become by the single fruit of doing, the prospect of marketing is very wide.But according to present international fruit kind economic cycle is 10 years criterion calculation, owing to plant the design specification of seeding row spacing at present, has two big technological deficiencies.Promptly one is the raising that realizes per unit area yield with traditional raising single plant yield; It is low to cause planting at present under the seeding row spacing prerequisite early yield; Investment payback time reaches 8 years; Just become the investment risk of eliminating kind for the large-scale production enterprise cost kind of just having recouped the investment, and serious restriction fast transformation and the development of China's longan industry to the industrialization industry; The 2nd, because present plantation seeding row spacing do not consider how to improve the per unit area yield in early stage, shorten cost of investment payoff period; Guarantee to carry out about 10 years in good time kind update, the seeding row spacing of design science can't upgrade during to this renewal of kind in good time; Cause peasant, enterprise's raising the output not to increase; Most social capitals are reluctant that investment is agriculture, always think that the farm investment risk is too big, seriously restrict China longan and develop in a healthy way.
This be the invention patent art important because of.The present invention not only solved above longan cost of investment at present payoff period long, investment risk is big; The kind timely replacement is regenerated difficult; Industrial upgrading is difficult; The difficult technical barrier of the lasting lifting of product quality, promotion and quickening China longan industry high speed, health, high-efficient development are also efficiently cultivated industrialization development for other fruit tree of China and have been improved the integrated innovation thinking.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to be above-mentioned deficiency, the cultivation method of a kind of longan is provided, improved the longan early yield and the output value to the prior art existence.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical measures:
The cultivation method of a kind of longan may further comprise the steps,
Steps A, position, setting field planting hole: according to the spacing in the rows between each strain in every row is 1.5~2.5 meters, and the line-spacing between each row is 2~5 meters set positions of carrying out the field planting hole;
Step B, dig field planting hole: the mellow soil in 30 centimetres apart from ground that digs out is placed on field planting and cheats a side, and the immature soil below 30 centimetres apart from ground that digs out is placed on field planting hole opposite side;
Step C, backfill soil: earlier on the mellow soil that digs out, execute 10~15kg fertilizer, 1~2kg superphosphate and 10g borax by every strain, again with clay fertilizer be backfilled to ground level after, with the immature soil backfill of digging out on mellow soil;
Step D, field planting: cheating native face center in the field planting of backfill, to dig diameter be 30 centimetres planting pit, in the planting pit that digs, pours water into, when water has not also oozed under comprehensively, seedling put into the planting pit blinding to can not see dried moisture soil;
Step e, covering with plastic film: 1 square metre the mulch film that is used to improve the gentle maintenance in ground soil moisture is laid in every strain after the field planting;
Step F, field management: utilize to control branch thickening growth of foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate and promotion flower bud differentiation;
Step G, fixed dried plastic trimming: prune 80~100 centimetres of every plant height degree, the bud, branch that 4~6 different directions are stayed in every strain to around elongation growth, form the major branch of bearing fruit;
Step H, intermediate cutting are transferred the spacing in the rows line-spacing: the 5th year setting spacing in the rows is 3 meters after the field planting; The 7th year sets line-spacing is 4 meters.
The strain root system does not contact with fertilizer among the aforesaid step D, and is stained with the root field planting with the mud of having blent root-inducing powder.
Aforesaid field planting hole specification is dark 1 meter of hole, cheat wide 1 meter, long 1 meter of hole.
The setting of staggering is cheated in the field planting of the adjacent lines in the aforesaid steps A.
Described mellow soil, the soil of being opened up wasteland by the people in other words, for example, and in a slice grassland, if there is the people to want land used, the plantation crops, he will carry out the arrangement in soil so, and the soil after the arrangement is mellow soil.
Described clay fertilizer also is the abbreviation of soil and fertilizer.The ratio of contained fertilizer reaches nutrition of rational addition soil and fertilizing management in the research soil.
Described fertilizer: be commonly called as farmyard manure, comprise with various animals, plant residue or metabolite and forming, like human and animal excreta, stalk, animal residue, slaughter house discarded object etc.Fertilizer can be muck or barnyard manure or green manure or compost.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages and effect:
1, use the longan early yield of the present invention and the output value to be significantly improved.Be that the output and the output value are respectively 1.7 times of 44 strain/mus, 1.8 times of 42 strain/mus, 2.2 times of 33 strains, 3.4 times of 22 strain/mus, 4 times of 19 strain/mus, 5.6 times of 14 strain/mus.This yields poorly for solving present longan cultivation, and benefit is low, restricts the development of China's longan intensive processing health food exploitation secondary industry for a long time, has found approach.
2, when the longan industrialization development is carried out in leasehold, under the situation that the soil fund is 600 yuan/mu,, can draw from table three, the 8th year mu gross profit of the present invention about 9200 yuan, be cultivate at present purpose can not than.And remove 44 strain/mus, 42 strain/mus, 33 strain/mus at present, outside getting a profit to some extent, its 22 strain/mu, 19 strain/mus, 14 strain/mus all can lose.Explain that the present invention can shorten cost of investment in the time of payoff period, strengthen the market risk ability of resisting of project.
3, longan of the present invention " earlier close back is rare " cultivation method has effectively made full use of water, fertilizer, gas, heat, soil resource, has brought into play individual and colony's coordinated development, thereby has effectively raised early yield and economic benefit.
4, practicality is wide, is applicable to that the longan cultivation of different cultivars, zones of different is used.Help resource sustainable application, the industry sustainable development is accelerated China's longan industry and is eaten raw to profound health care dietotherapy food development processing and utilization by tradition, drives the complete upgrading of longan industry.Promote low-carbon (LC), green, environmental protection food longan development of food industry, better service is in the development of the national economy.
Table 1
Figure BDA00001936544700031
Table 1 is present cultivation method and cultivation method output of the present invention comparative analysis, can find out that the output of present any planting density of the PR same period of the present invention is all high.
Table 2 is to plant method for planting and the inventive method plantation output value comparison sheet at present, presses 3 yuan of calculating of per kilogram selling price, can find out that the output value of present any planting density of the output value ratio same period of the present invention is all high.
Calculate with 100 mu of planter units, plant the method for planting seedling at present by 15 yuan/strain, 4400 strains of seedling demand, 66000 yuan; And the present invention is high because of planting density, and the seedling amount of purchase is big, needs 22200 strains, and seedling is by 4 yuan of strains; Value is 88800 yuan, is calculated as 4.44 ten thousand yuan with 2 yuan/strain gross profit, and planting patterns will reach 4.44 ten thousand yuan of gross profits at present; Then gross profit is 10 yuan/strain, so this method seedling cost can be reduced to below 5 yuan of every strains fully.
Be exactly in addition dig field planting hole, 10 yuan/strain of field planting labour cost, the 10 yuan/strain of expense of managing production in year. year calculate; Press 600 yuan of every mu of calculating of rent of soil, 13.64 yuan, 14.29 yuan, 18.18 yuan, 27.27 yuan, 31.58 yuan, 42.86 yuan, 2.7 yuan of every strain soil annual rent amortizations.
Table 2
Figure BDA00001936544700041
Table 3 is to plant the comparative analysis of method for planting and the inventive method plantation economic benefit at present; Can find out that every mu of field planting strain number is few more, project investment loss property is big more; And the present invention has higher increase colony strain raising per unit area yield, and does not improve per unit area yield to improve single plant yield.So tool advantages of high practicability of the present invention and economic worth are worth the longan large-scale planting district promotion and application in China, promote industrial upgrading, product up-gradation, comprehensively promote the core market competition advantage.
If the plant of intermediate cutting, to transplant utilization or do landscape planting tree sale processing, every strain can increase by 3.56 ten thousand yuan of incomes from sales again by 200 yuan of calculating.Be that 8 years accumulative total of the present invention gross profit income is up to 4.48 ten thousand yuan.Be 11 times of 8 years accumulative total of best 44 strains of present cultivation benefit/mu gross profit.Prove absolutely: the present invention is to improving the longan early yield, and the shortening investment payback time has important economic value.
Table 3
Figure BDA00001936544700051
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the present invention's longan plantation in the 1st year to the 4th year seeding row spacing specification embodiment sketch map (horizontal line is represented every row, and short vertical line is represented the position in field planting hole);
Fig. 2 is the present invention's spacing in the rows adjustment in the 5th year to 6 years embodiment sketch map (horizontal line is represented every row, and short vertical line is represented the position in field planting hole, and round spot is represented intermediate cutting plant position);
Fig. 3 is the 7th year longan line-spacing embodiment of the present invention sketch map (horizontal line is represented every row, and short vertical line is represented the position in field planting hole, and round spot is represented intermediate cutting plant position);
Fig. 4 is the 8th year typing back of the present invention seeding row spacing embodiment sketch map (horizontal line is represented every row, and short vertical line is represented the position in field planting hole).
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described in further detail:
Embodiment 1:
The cultivation method of a kind of longan is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps,
Steps A, position, setting field planting hole: according to the spacing in the rows between each strain in every row is 1.5 meters, and the line-spacing between each row is 2 meters set positions of carrying out the field planting hole; The setting of staggering is cheated in the field planting of adjacent lines;
Step B, dig field planting hole: the mellow soil in 30 centimetres apart from ground that digs out is placed on field planting and cheats a side, and the immature soil below 30 centimetres apart from ground that digs out is placed on field planting hole opposite side; Field planting hole specification is dark 1 meter of hole, cheat wide 1 meter, long 1 meter of hole;
Step C, backfill soil: earlier on the mellow soil that digs out, execute 10kg fertilizer, 1kg superphosphate and 10g borax by every strain, again with clay fertilizer be backfilled to ground level after, with the immature soil backfill of digging out on mellow soil;
Step D, field planting: cheating native face center in the field planting of backfill, to dig diameter be 30 centimetres planting pit, in the planting pit that digs, pours water into, when water has not also oozed under comprehensively, seedling put into the planting pit blinding to can not see dried moisture soil; The strain root system does not contact with fertilizer, and is stained with the root field planting with the mud of having blent root-inducing powder;
Step e, covering with plastic film: 1 square metre the mulch film that is used to improve the gentle maintenance in ground soil moisture is laid in every strain after the field planting;
Step F, field management: utilize to control branch thickening growth of foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate and promotion flower bud differentiation;
Step G, fixed dried plastic trimming: prune 80 centimetres of every plant height degree, the bud, branch that 4 different directions are stayed in every strain to around elongation growth, form the major branch of bearing fruit;
Step H, intermediate cutting are transferred the spacing in the rows line-spacing: the 5th year setting spacing in the rows is 3 meters after the field planting; The 7th year sets line-spacing is 4 meters.
Embodiment 2:
The cultivation method of a kind of longan is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps,
Steps A, position, setting field planting hole: according to the spacing in the rows between each strain in every row is 1.8 meters, and the line-spacing between each row is 3 meters set positions of carrying out the field planting hole; The setting of staggering is cheated in the field planting of adjacent lines;
Step B, dig field planting hole: the mellow soil in 30 centimetres apart from ground that digs out is placed on field planting and cheats a side, and the immature soil below 30 centimetres apart from ground that digs out is placed on field planting hole opposite side; Field planting hole specification is dark 1 meter of hole, cheat wide 1 meter, long 1 meter of hole;
Step C, backfill soil: earlier on the mellow soil that digs out, execute 11kg fertilizer, 1.2kg superphosphate and 10g borax by every strain, again with clay fertilizer be backfilled to ground level after, with the immature soil backfill of digging out on mellow soil;
Step D, field planting: cheating native face center in the field planting of backfill, to dig diameter be 30 centimetres planting pit, in the planting pit that digs, pours water into, when water has not also oozed under comprehensively, seedling put into the planting pit blinding to can not see dried moisture soil; The strain root system does not contact with fertilizer, and is stained with the root field planting with the mud of having blent root-inducing powder;
Step e, covering with plastic film: 1 square metre the mulch film that is used to improve the gentle maintenance in ground soil moisture is laid in every strain after the field planting;
Step F, field management: utilize to control branch thickening growth of foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate and promotion flower bud differentiation;
Step G, fixed dried plastic trimming: prune 85 centimetres of every plant height degree, the bud, branch that 5 different directions are stayed in every strain to around elongation growth, form the major branch of bearing fruit;
Step H, intermediate cutting are transferred the spacing in the rows line-spacing: the 5th year setting spacing in the rows is 3.5 meters after the field planting; The 7th year sets line-spacing is 4.5 meters.
Embodiment 3:
The cultivation method of a kind of longan is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps,
Steps A, position, setting field planting hole: according to the spacing in the rows between each strain in every row is 2 meters, and the line-spacing between each row is 4 meters set positions of carrying out the field planting hole; The setting of staggering is cheated in the field planting of adjacent lines;
Step B, dig field planting hole: the mellow soil in 30 centimetres apart from ground that digs out is placed on field planting and cheats a side, and the immature soil below 30 centimetres apart from ground that digs out is placed on field planting hole opposite side; Field planting hole specification is dark 1 meter of hole, cheat wide 1 meter, long 1 meter of hole;
Step C, backfill soil: earlier on the mellow soil that digs out, execute 13kg fertilizer, 1.5kg superphosphate and 10g borax by every strain, again with clay fertilizer be backfilled to ground level after, with the immature soil backfill of digging out on mellow soil;
Step D, field planting: cheating native face center in the field planting of backfill, to dig diameter be 30 centimetres planting pit, in the planting pit that digs, pours water into, when water has not also oozed under comprehensively, seedling put into the planting pit blinding to can not see dried moisture soil; The strain root system does not contact with fertilizer, and is stained with the root field planting with the mud of having blent root-inducing powder;
Step e, covering with plastic film: 1 square metre the mulch film that is used to improve the gentle maintenance in ground soil moisture is laid in every strain after the field planting;
Step F, field management: utilize to control branch thickening growth of foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate and promotion flower bud differentiation;
Step G, fixed dried plastic trimming: prune 90 centimetres of every plant height degree, the bud, branch that 5 different directions are stayed in every strain to around elongation growth, form the major branch of bearing fruit;
Step H, intermediate cutting are transferred the spacing in the rows line-spacing: the 5th year setting spacing in the rows is 4 meters after the field planting; The 7th year sets line-spacing is 5 meters.
Embodiment 4:
The cultivation method of a kind of longan is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps,
Steps A, position, setting field planting hole: according to the spacing in the rows between each strain in every row is 2.3 meters, and the line-spacing between each row is 4.5 meters set positions of carrying out the field planting hole; The setting of staggering is cheated in the field planting of adjacent lines;
Step B, dig field planting hole: the mellow soil in 30 centimetres apart from ground that digs out is placed on field planting and cheats a side, and the immature soil below 30 centimetres apart from ground that digs out is placed on field planting hole opposite side; Field planting hole specification is dark 1 meter of hole, cheat wide 1 meter, long 1 meter of hole;
Step C, backfill soil: earlier on the mellow soil that digs out, execute 14kg fertilizer, 1.7kg superphosphate and 10g borax by every strain, again with clay fertilizer be backfilled to ground level after, with the immature soil backfill of digging out on mellow soil;
Step D, field planting: cheating native face center in the field planting of backfill, to dig diameter be 30 centimetres planting pit, in the planting pit that digs, pours water into, when water has not also oozed under comprehensively, seedling put into the planting pit blinding to can not see dried moisture soil; The strain root system does not contact with fertilizer, and is stained with the root field planting with the mud of having blent root-inducing powder;
Step e, covering with plastic film: 1 square metre the mulch film that is used to improve the gentle maintenance in ground soil moisture is laid in every strain after the field planting;
Step F, field management: utilize to control branch thickening growth of foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate and promotion flower bud differentiation;
Step G, fixed dried plastic trimming: prune 95 centimetres of every plant height degree, the bud, branch that 6 different directions are stayed in every strain to around elongation growth, form the major branch of bearing fruit;
Step H, intermediate cutting are transferred the spacing in the rows line-spacing: the 5th year setting spacing in the rows is 4.5 meters after the field planting; The 7th year sets line-spacing is 5.5 meters.
Embodiment 5:
The cultivation method of a kind of longan is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps,
Steps A, position, setting field planting hole: according to the spacing in the rows between each strain in every row is 2.5 meters, and the line-spacing between each row is 5 meters set positions of carrying out the field planting hole; The setting of staggering is cheated in the field planting of adjacent lines;
Step B, dig field planting hole: the mellow soil in 30 centimetres apart from ground that digs out is placed on field planting and cheats a side, and the immature soil below 30 centimetres apart from ground that digs out is placed on field planting hole opposite side; Field planting hole specification is dark 1 meter of hole, cheat wide 1 meter, long 1 meter of hole;
Step C, backfill soil: earlier on the mellow soil that digs out, execute 15kg fertilizer, 2kg superphosphate and 10g borax by every strain, again with clay fertilizer be backfilled to ground level after, with the immature soil backfill of digging out on mellow soil;
Step D, field planting: cheating native face center in the field planting of backfill, to dig diameter be 30 centimetres planting pit, in the planting pit that digs, pours water into, when water has not also oozed under comprehensively, seedling put into the planting pit blinding to can not see dried moisture soil; The strain root system does not contact with fertilizer, and is stained with the root field planting with the mud of having blent root-inducing powder;
Step e, covering with plastic film: 1 square metre the mulch film that is used to improve the gentle maintenance in ground soil moisture is laid in every strain after the field planting;
Step F, field management: utilize to control branch thickening growth of foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate and promotion flower bud differentiation;
Step G, fixed dried plastic trimming: prune 100 centimetres of every plant height degree, the bud, branch that 6 different directions are stayed in every strain to around elongation growth, form the major branch of bearing fruit;
Step H, intermediate cutting are transferred the spacing in the rows line-spacing: the 5th year setting spacing in the rows is 5 meters after the field planting; The 7th year sets line-spacing is 6 meters.
Specific embodiment described herein only is that the present invention's spirit is illustrated.Person of ordinary skill in the field of the present invention can make various modifications or replenishes or adopt similar mode to substitute described specific embodiment, but can't depart from spirit of the present invention or surmount the defined scope of appended claims.

Claims (4)

1. the cultivation method of a longan is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps,
Steps A, position, setting field planting hole: according to the spacing in the rows between each strain in every row is 1.5~2.5 meters, and the line-spacing between each row is 2~5 meters set positions of carrying out the field planting hole;
Step B, dig field planting hole: the mellow soil in 30 centimetres apart from ground that digs out is placed on field planting and cheats a side, and the immature soil below 30 centimetres apart from ground that digs out is placed on field planting hole opposite side;
Step C, backfill soil: earlier on the mellow soil that digs out, execute 10~15kg fertilizer, 1~2kg superphosphate and 10g borax by every strain, again with clay fertilizer be backfilled to ground level after, with the immature soil backfill of digging out on mellow soil;
Step D, field planting: cheating native face center in the field planting of backfill, to dig diameter be 30 centimetres planting pit, in the planting pit that digs, pours water into, when water has not also oozed under comprehensively, seedling put into the planting pit blinding to can not see dried moisture soil;
Step e, covering with plastic film: 1 square metre the mulch film that is used to improve the gentle maintenance in ground soil moisture is laid in every strain after the field planting;
Step F, field management: utilize to control branch thickening growth of foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate and promotion flower bud differentiation;
Step G, fixed dried plastic trimming: prune 80~100 centimetres of every plant height degree, the bud, branch that 4~6 different directions are stayed in every strain to around elongation growth, form the major branch of bearing fruit;
Step H, intermediate cutting are transferred the spacing in the rows line-spacing: the 5th year setting spacing in the rows is 3 ~ 5 meters after the field planting; The 7th year sets line-spacing is 4 ~ 6 meters.
2. the cultivation method of a kind of longan according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the strain root system does not contact with fertilizer among the described step D, and is stained with the root field planting with the mud of having blent root-inducing powder.
3. the cultivation method of a kind of longan according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described field planting hole specification is dark 1 meter of hole, cheat wide 1 meter, long 1 meter of hole.
4. the cultivation method of a kind of longan according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the setting of staggering is cheated in the field planting of the adjacent lines in the described steps A.
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CN104273010A (en) * 2014-09-29 2015-01-14 侯玉德 Longan kernel pot culture method
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CN107125082A (en) * 2017-05-04 2017-09-05 北海康维生态农业科技有限公司 A kind of longan field planting method
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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103348894A (en) * 2013-07-27 2013-10-16 莆田市农业科学研究所 Management method capable of improving output of longan
CN103348894B (en) * 2013-07-27 2014-08-27 莆田市农业科学研究所 Management method capable of improving output of longan
CN104273010A (en) * 2014-09-29 2015-01-14 侯玉德 Longan kernel pot culture method
CN104782437A (en) * 2015-04-02 2015-07-22 广西大学 Longan cultivation method
CN106718509A (en) * 2016-11-25 2017-05-31 李霞 The cultural method of longan
CN107125082A (en) * 2017-05-04 2017-09-05 北海康维生态农业科技有限公司 A kind of longan field planting method
CN107211792A (en) * 2017-06-01 2017-09-29 平南县颖绿龙眼种植专业合作社 The implantation methods of lichee
CN108370697A (en) * 2018-01-30 2018-08-07 平南县正达农业发展有限公司 A kind of breeding method of stone gorge longan

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