CN103238505B - Burdock cultivation method and cultivation device used by same - Google Patents
Burdock cultivation method and cultivation device used by same Download PDFInfo
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- CN103238505B CN103238505B CN201310189136.7A CN201310189136A CN103238505B CN 103238505 B CN103238505 B CN 103238505B CN 201310189136 A CN201310189136 A CN 201310189136A CN 103238505 B CN103238505 B CN 103238505B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a burdock cultivation method and a cultivation device used by the same. The burdock cultivation method utilizes the burdock cultivation device to cultivate the burdock, the burdock cultivation device comprises a pallet, a cultivation bucket and a cultivation column, the cultivation bucket is placed on the pallet, the cultivation column is a hollow column with two ends open, and the tail end of the cultivation column is arranged inside the cultivation bucket; and burdock culture medium is placed inside the cultivation column and the cultivation bucket, burdock seeds are sowed inside the cultivation column, after seedling emergence, final singling is performed in one-tip two-leaf stage after two-time thinning, and one burdock seedling is kept in every column. According to the burdock cultivation method, the special burdock cultivation device is utilized, the burdock can be produced without any restriction from edaphic conditions, the labour intensity is low, and the labour and the time are saved; the burdock culture medium is formed by using edible fungi fungal chaff as raw material, matching with peat and adding other nutrient elements so that the culture medium which is applicable to the soilless culture of the burdock is formed; and not only the fertilizer and the water are saved and the production benefit of the burdock is effectively improved, but also the problem of the pollution of the edible fungi fungal chaff to the environment is solved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of vegetable, relate to the culturing device of a kind of burdock cultivation method and use.
Background technology
Burdock as vegetables, high nutritive value.In every 100g fresh vegetable, moisture content is about 87g, protein 4.1 ~ 4.7g, carbohydrate 3.0 ~ 3.5g, and 0.1 gram, fat, cellulose 1.3 ~ 1.5g, carotin is up to 390mg, and vitamin C l.9mg.Calcic 240mg in mineral matter element, phosphorus 106mg, iron 7.6mg, and containing other various nutrients.The delicate delicious and crisp of burdock fleshy root.Can stir-fry and eat, cook, eat raw or be processed into beverage.The calcium content of burdock is the highest in the middle of underground rhizome class vegetables, so burdock is the fabulous vegetables of supplemental treatment osteoporosis.The raw fiber contained in burdock is also the highest in underground rhizome class vegetables, and this is for the people often eating meticulous food and constipation, and eating burdock is good Dietotherapy method.
Burdock also has very strong medical value.Modern medicine study finds: the polyyne class material in radix bardanae, can play well antibacterial and antifungic action.Containing multiple polyphenol substance in radix bardanae, as caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid etc., it is generally acknowledged all have anti-sudden change and anticancer effect, also have experiment to prove, between the ability of radix bardanae antimutagenic effect and its polyphenol content, may positive correlation be there is.Other, as anti-ageing, antibechic, Hepatocyte protection etc., also has obvious effect.Therefore, can say that burdock is not only desirable foreign exchange earning vegetables, or conventional traditional Chinese medicine.
Burdock cultivation is higher to the requirement of soil, and be suitable for that soil layer is deep, draining is good, pH value is 6 ~ 7, loose fertile sandy loam cultivation.Soil deeptillage 0.5 ~ 1.1m is needed before cultivation.Need a large amount of fertilizer vegetative period, be suitable in the abundant loose plot cultivation of organic matter.The blade of burdock is many greatly, and transpiration is vigorous, needs more moisture supply breeding time.But root system intolerant to waterlogging, in the ground of or ponding high in subterranean water level, through more than 2 days, namely can rot or in a large number discrimination root occur.Therefore the cultural area producing upper burdock is restricted, mostly concentrate on subterranean water level is low, soil layer is deep sandy loam or loam area, and will ditch at seeding time, general ditching depth reaches about 1 meter, and labour intensity is large, time-consuming.
Edible fungus bran is usually arbitrarily abandoned as the offcuts after culturing edible fungus, and along with the development of mushroom industry, edible fungus bran increases day by day, mostly arbitrarily abandons, not only to environment, and waste resource.Although existing report edible fungus bran being processed as fertilizer at present, there is no and use it for burdock cultivation, the relevant report of particularly burdock soilless culture.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the above-mentioned deficiency for prior art, a kind of burdock cultivation method is provided.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of burdock culturing device.
Object of the present invention realizes by following technical scheme:
A kind of burdock cultivation method, use burdock culturing device cultivation burdock, described burdock culturing device comprises pallet, cultivation bucket and cultivation post, and described cultivation bucket is positioned on pallet, cultivation post is the hollow cylinder of both ends open, and the end of cultivation post is placed in cultivation bucket; Cultivation post, cultivation bucket in load burdock cultivation matrix, burdock planting seed in cultivation post in, after emerging after twice thinning in two leaf one heart stage final singlings, often retain a strain in pipe, be cultured to burdock maturation.
Described cultivation post is the hollow circular cylinder of both ends open, high 1.0 ~ 1.2 meters (when having result of study to show soil cultivation ditching depth when 100 ~ 120cm in fleshy root length, the ratio of first-grade products indifference remarkable, with 80 ~ 90cm ratio, reach significant difference; In output, 110 ~ 120cm is than 100cm and following significant difference), diameter 10 ~ 20 centimetres, adopts PVC.
Described cultivation bucket back cut diameter is 25 ~ 40 centimetres, and base diameter is 20 ~ 36 centimetres, and height is 20 ~ 40 centimetres.
Described burdock cultivation matrix prepares preferably by following method: by fermentation after edible fungus bran and peat with (2 ~ 4): the mass ratio of 1 mixes to obtain mixed-matrix, urea 1.5 ~ 2.5kg is added in every cubic metre of mixed-matrix, superphosphate 2.0 ~ 4.0kg, potassium chloride 1.5 ~ 3.0kg and water-loss reducer 1 ~ 2kg.
Described edible fungus bran for being utilize the raw material such as stalk, wood chip to carry out edible mushroom substituting stuff cultivation, the medium residue after receiving.Described edible mushroom be in mushroom, straw mushroom, mushroom, Asparagus, auricularia auriculajudae, white fungus, hedgehog hydnum, dictyophora phalloidea, Trichotoma matsutake, dried mushroom, russule, bolete, hickory chick, saddle fungus or ferfas any one or multiple.Described edible fungus bran is bought by commercialization channel and is obtained.
Described burdock seed needs to be handled as follows prior to seeding: first soak burdock seed 20 to 30 minutes with clear water, then seed put into 50 ?the emerge in worm water of 55 DEG C, keep this water temperature 10 to 15 minutes, add cold water afterwards, after water temperature is reduced to 25 DEG C to 30 DEG C, continue seed soaking 8 to 10 hours, then seed is put into 20 ~ 25 DEG C and carry out vernalization, can sow after having the seed of 68 ~ 75% to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
In the middle and later periods of burdock cultivation, depending on plant strain growth situation, often cultivate in pipe apply N P and K Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 2 ~ 5 grams with water or spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 ~ 2 time.
For a device for burdock cultivation, comprise pallet, cultivation bucket and cultivation post, described cultivation bucket is positioned on pallet, and cultivation post is the hollow cylinder of both ends open, and the end of cultivation post is placed in cultivation bucket.
Described cultivation post is the hollow circular cylinder of both ends open, high 1.0 ~ 1.2 meters, diameter 10 ~ 20 centimetres.
Described cultivation bucket back cut diameter is 25 ~ 40 centimetres, and base diameter is 20 ~ 36 centimetres, and height is 20 ~ 40 centimetres.
The back cut diameter of described pallet is 25 ~ 40 centimetres, and base diameter is 22 ~ 38 centimetres, and height is 2 ~ 5 centimetres.
Beneficial effect:
The present invention is the innovation of burdock cultivation method, the burdock culturing device adopted and supporting cultivation method, compare with soil cultivation burdock, burdock cultivation can not limit by soil condition completely, matrix is compared with soil, more loose, and nutrient component more comprehensively, more be applicable to burdock growth, output and the ratio of first-grade products can be greatly improved.Use the inventive method cultivation burdock to be more applicable to factorial praluction and large-scale production, greatly can reduce labour intensity, saving of work and time, therefore can significantly reduce labour and production cost.
Edible fungus bran is usually arbitrarily abandoned as the offcuts after culturing edible fungus, and along with the development of mushroom industry, edible fungus bran increases day by day, mostly arbitrarily abandons, not only to environment, and waste resource.The present invention is directed to the special requirement to nutriment in burdock process of growth, adopt edible fungus bran to be that raw material is equipped with peat and adds other nutritive elements and makes burdock cultivation matrix, form the cultivation matrix being applicable to burdock soilless culture.Apply this matrix and produce burdock, its fertility can meet burdock growth needs in the time of infertility, therefore or only need need not mend fertilise on a small quantity in the middle and later periods and once just can in cultivation, both fertilizer and moisture had been saved, save time again, laborsaving, significantly reduce cost of labor, effectively improve burdock productivity effect, efficiently solve the pollution problem of edible fungus bran to environment simultaneously, achieve the recycling of resource.
Adopt this method to produce burdock, cultivation management is simple, does not need to topdress or only need to chase after disposable fertilizer, only need to water, and owing to adding water-loss reducer in cultivation matrix, corresponding irrigation times reduces more than one times.
Adopt this method to produce burdock, the commodity of product improves, and the ratio of first-grade products reaches more than 90%, improves more than 10% than the ratio of first-grade products of soil cultivation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The structural representation of Fig. 1 embodiment 1 burdock culturing device.
1 is pallet, and 2 is cultivation bucket, and 3 is cultivation post, and 4 is matrix.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of device (Fig. 1) for burdock cultivation, comprise pallet 1, cultivation bucket 2 and cultivation post 3, described cultivation bucket 2 is positioned on pallet 1, and cultivation post 3 is the hollow circular cylinder of both ends open, cultivation post 3 end be placed in cultivation bucket 2, can but must not contact cultivation bucket 2 bottom.
The hollow circular cylinder of described cultivation post both ends open, high 1.0 meters, diameter 15 centimetres, adopts PVC.
Described cultivation bucket back cut diameter is 31 centimetres, and base diameter is 24 centimetres, and height is 31 centimetres.
The preferred back cut diameter of described pallet is 28 centimetres, and base diameter is 26 centimetres, and height is 2 centimetres.
Embodiment 2
Use the device of the burdock cultivation of embodiment 1, in cultivation post 3, cultivation bucket 2, load burdock cultivation matrix.Burdock cultivation matrix be by fermentation after edible fungus bran (Lianyun Harbour Heng Aoda fertilizer Co., Ltd, be mainly the offcuts of Asparagus, Xingbao mushroom and straw mushroom) and peat mix to obtain mixed-matrix with the ratio of 3:1, urea 2kg is added in every cubic metre of mixed-matrix, superphosphate 3.0kg, potassium chloride 2.0kg and water-loss reducer 1.5kg gained.
Burdock seed is first handled as follows prior to seeding: first soak seed 25 minutes with clear, then seed is put into the emerge in worm water of about 50-55 DEG C, keep this water temperature 10 minutes, add cold water afterwards, water temperature is reduced to 25 DEG C to 30 DEG C, seed is put into 25 DEG C after 9 hours and is carried out vernalization by continuation seed soaking, can sow after having the seed of about 70% to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
Often cultivate in pipe the burdock seed putting into 5, after emerging after twice thinning in two leaf one heart stage final singlings, often retain a strain in pipe.
Fertilising: in the middle and later periods of burdock cultivation, depending on plant strain growth situation, often cultivates Guan Zhongke and applies N-P-K(15-15-15 with water) Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 2 ~ 5 grams or spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 times.
Water: water depending on burdock growing state and water supply in media content, general burdock at noon occur slight wilt and cultivation pipe middle and upper part matrix is drier time need to water, irrigation amount is advisable to have a small amount of water to be exuded in pallet from cultivation bucket after watering.(in matrix, add water-loss reducer due to have employed, generally can extend and water water spacer more than 30%.)
Adopt this method to produce burdock, the commodity of product improves, and (burdock primes standard: fleshy root length reaches more than 70cm, the thick 2.5-3.5cm of stem, acaulescence is thick in the side root of more than 0.6cm for the ratio of first-grade products.) reach 92.5%.
Embodiment 3
Culturing device with embodiment 1, cultural method except burdock cultivation matrix with embodiment 2.
The burdock cultivation matrix of the present embodiment prepares by the following method: the mushroom bacteria chaff after fermentation and peat mix to obtain mixed-matrix with the ratio of 2:1, urea 1.5kg is added in every cubic metre of mixed-matrix, superphosphate 2.0kg, potassium chloride 1.5kg and water-loss reducer 1kg mixes, and obtains burdock cultivation matrix.
Adopt this method to produce burdock, the commodity of product improves, and the ratio of first-grade products reaches 95%.
Embodiment 4
Culturing device with embodiment 1, cultural method except burdock cultivation matrix with embodiment 2.
The burdock cultivation matrix of the present embodiment prepares by the following method: the edible fungus bran after fermentation and peat mix to obtain mixed-matrix with the ratio of 4:1, urea 2.5kg is added in every cubic metre of mixed-matrix, superphosphate 3.8kg, potassium chloride 3.0kg and water-loss reducer 1.5kg mixes, and obtains burdock cultivation matrix.Wherein edible fungus bran is the 1:1 mixture of dried mushroom bacterium chaff and white fungus bacterium chaff.
Adopt this method to produce burdock, the commodity of product improves, and the ratio of first-grade products reaches 98.7%.
Embodiment 5
Culturing device with embodiment 1, cultural method except burdock cultivation matrix with embodiment 2.
The burdock cultivation matrix of the present embodiment is with the mixed-matrix that the Lenlinus edodes chaff after fermentation forms with the ratio of 3:1 for the Lenlinus edodes chaff after the fermentation in matrix alternate embodiment 1 and peat on the basis of embodiment 1.
Adopt this method to produce burdock, the commodity of product improves, and the ratio of first-grade products reaches 71%.
Embodiment 6
Culturing device with embodiment 1, cultural method except burdock cultivation matrix with embodiment 2.
The burdock cultivation matrix of the present embodiment is the mixed-matrix that Lenlinus edodes chaff after the fermentation in the mixed-matrix alternate embodiment 1 formed with the ratio of 1:1 with the Lenlinus edodes chaff after fermentation and peat on the basis of embodiment 1 and peat form with the ratio of 3:1.
Adopt this method to produce burdock, the commodity of product improves, and the ratio of first-grade products reaches 65%.
Embodiment 7
Culturing device with embodiment 1, cultural method except burdock cultivation matrix with embodiment 2.
The burdock cultivation matrix of the present embodiment is the mixed-matrix that Lenlinus edodes chaff after the fermentation in the mixed-matrix alternate embodiment 1 formed with the ratio of 1:2 with the Lenlinus edodes chaff after fermentation and peat on the basis of embodiment 1 and peat form with the ratio of 3:1.
Adopt this method to produce burdock, the commodity of product improves, and the ratio of first-grade products reaches 47%.
Peat of the present invention is commercially produced product, and commercially available any peat all can be used in the present invention.Peat in embodiment 2 ~ 6 is purchased from Sheng Yuan peat processing factory of Liaoning Province.
Claims (4)
1. a burdock cultivation method, it is characterized in that using burdock culturing device cultivation burdock, described burdock culturing device comprises pallet (1), cultivation bucket (2) and cultivation post (3), described cultivation bucket (2) is positioned on pallet (1), the hollow cylinder that cultivation post (3) is both ends open, the end of cultivation post (3) is placed in cultivation bucket (2); Burdock cultivation matrix is loaded in cultivation post (3), cultivation bucket (2), burdock planting seed in cultivation post (3), often pipe sowing 4 ~ 5 burdock seeds, after emerging after twice thinning in two leaf one heart stage final singlings, often retain a strain in pipe, be cultured to burdock maturation; The hollow circular cylinder that wherein said cultivation post (3) is both ends open, high 1.0 ~ 1.2 meters, diameter 10 ~ 20 centimetres, adopts PVC; Described burdock cultivation matrix prepares by the following method: by fermentation after edible fungus bran and peat with (2 ~ 4): the mass ratio of 1 mixes to obtain mixed-matrix, urea 1.5 ~ 2.5kg is added in every cubic metre of mixed-matrix, superphosphate 2.0 ~ 4.0kg, potassium chloride 1.5 ~ 3.0 kg and water-loss reducer 1 ~ 2kg.
2. burdock cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described cultivation bucket (2) back cut diameter is 25 ~ 40 centimetres, base diameter is 20 ~ 36 centimetres, and height is 20 ~ 40 centimetres.
3. burdock cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described burdock seed needs to be handled as follows prior to seeding: first soak burdock seed 20 to 30 minutes with clear water, then seed is put into the emerge in worm water of 50-55 DEG C, keep this water temperature 10 to 15 minutes, add cold water afterwards, after water temperature is reduced to 25 DEG C to 30 DEG C, continue seed soaking 8 to 10 hours, then seed is put into 20 ~ 25 DEG C and carry out vernalization, can sow after having the seed of 68 ~ 75% to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
4. burdock cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the middle and later periods in burdock cultivation, depending on plant strain growth situation, often cultivate in pipe apply N P and K Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 2 ~ 5 grams with water or spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 ~ 2 time.
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CN104541901B (en) * | 2015-01-21 | 2017-06-20 | 梁立华 | Burdock implantation methods |
CN110073961A (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2019-08-02 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of cultural method of fructus arctii |
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