CN102770516B - 无级变速器用润滑油组合物 - Google Patents

无级变速器用润滑油组合物 Download PDF

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CN102770516B
CN102770516B CN201080064070.3A CN201080064070A CN102770516B CN 102770516 B CN102770516 B CN 102770516B CN 201080064070 A CN201080064070 A CN 201080064070A CN 102770516 B CN102770516 B CN 102770516B
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composition
quality
lubricating oil
viscosity
kinetic viscosity
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CN102770516A (zh
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藤田裕
市桥俊彦
小岛健嗣
荒川庆江
前田诚
臼木秀树
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Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
Nissan Motor Co Ltd
JATCO Ltd
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Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
Nissan Motor Co Ltd
JATCO Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供无级变速器用润滑油组合物，其是以特定的掺混量掺混以下成分(A)-(D)而形成：(A)硫含量为0.03质量%以下、且100℃的动力粘度为1.5mm2/s以上3mm2/s以下的矿物油或PAO，(B)硫含量为0.03质量%以下、且100℃的动力粘度为5.5mm2/s以上8mm2/s以下的矿物油或PAO，(C)100℃的动力粘度为30mm2/s以上400mm2/s以下的PAO，(D)质量平均分子量为10000以上40000以下的聚甲基丙烯酸酯；其中，上述(C)成分和上述(D)成分的合计量为19质量%以上；所述无级变速器用润滑油组合物在100℃的动力粘度为5.5mm2/s以上6.5mm2/s以下，且在-20℃的动力粘度为680mm2/s以下。

Description

无级变速器用润滑油组合物
技术领域
本发明涉及无级变速器用润滑油组合物。具体而言，本发明涉及具有低粘度和高粘度指数、剪切稳定性良好、疲劳寿命也长的无级变速器用润滑油组合物。 
背景技术
近年来，以全球范围的二氧化碳排出量问题和世界能量需求的增加为背景，对汽车节油耗化的要求日益增高。其中，对作为汽车的部件的变速器也比以往更加要求对节油耗化的贡献。 
例如，作为变速器的节油耗化手段之一，可以列举润滑油的低粘度化。在变速器中，汽车用的无级变速器具有变扭器、湿式离合器、齿轮轴承机构、油泵、油压控制机构等，通过使它们中使用的润滑油更加低粘度化，可以降低搅拌阻力及摩擦阻力，提高汽车的燃油里程(燃費)。但是，低粘度化的润滑油，有时产生剪切稳定性降低而发生咬粘(焼き付き)、或疲劳寿命的降低等问题。 
因此，专利文献1中，作为能长期维持变速特性等的润滑油组合物，报道了掺混各种添加剂，进行最优化的润滑油组合物。但是，由于专利文献1中记载的发明不以节油耗化为目的，因此动力粘度高，没有研究低粘度化时的疲劳寿命。 
另外，以进一步节油耗化为目标时，从低温起动性的观点考虑，期望能维持高温下的粘度、同时降低低温下的粘度，即所谓的高粘度指数化。 
例如，专利文献2中公开的润滑油组合物，使用聚甲基丙烯酸酯(PMA)作为粘度指数改进剂来提高粘度指数。另外，专利文献3及专利文献4中公开的润滑油组合物使用高粘度合成油(聚-α-烯烃：PAO)来提高粘度特性，进一步掺混对提高疲劳寿命有效的烯烃共聚物(OCP)。 
现有技术文献 
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开2001-262176号公报
专利文献2：日本特开2006-117852号公报
专利文献3：日本特开2008-208220号公报
专利文献4：日本特开2008-208221号公报。
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
但是，疲劳寿命的改善与高粘度指数化具有相反的关系，在专利文献2中，虽然提高了粘度指数，但是有油膜维持性差的问题。另外，专利文献3和4中，通过掺混OCP，无法得到PAO具有的粘度指数以上的粘度指数，且没有研究高粘度指数化。即，既没有实现也没有研究在具有充分的疲劳寿命的同时提高粘度指数的技术。
因此，本发明的目的在于提供一种具有低粘度和高粘度指数、剪切稳定性良好、疲劳寿命长的无级变速器用润滑油组合物。 
解决课题的手段
本发明人为了解决上述课题进行了深刻研究，结果发现，在将以下所述的特定的基础油和添加剂进行组合，进而成品油具有特定的粘度特性时，可以解决上述课题，从而完成了本发明。
即，本发明提供以下所述的无级变速器用润滑油组合物。 
(1)无级变速器用润滑油组合物，其特征在于，其掺混以下成分(A)-(D)而形成：(A) 以组合物总量为基准计为45质量%以上65质量%以下的矿物油和聚-α-烯烃中的至少任1种，所述矿物油和聚-α-烯烃的硫含量为0.03质量%以下、且100℃的动力粘度为1.5mm2/s以上3mm2/s以下，(B) 以组合物总量为基准计为10质量%以上20质量%以下的矿物油和聚-α-烯烃中的至少任1种，所述矿物油和聚-α-烯烃的硫含量为0.03质量%以下、且100℃的动力粘度为5.5mm2/s以上8mm2/s以下，(C) 以组合物总量为基准计为 5质量%以上12质量%以下的聚-α-烯烃，所述聚-α-烯烃在100℃的动力粘度为30mm2/s以上400mm2/s以下，(D) 以组合物总量为基准计为8质量%以上14质量%以下的聚甲基丙烯酸酯，所述聚甲基丙烯酸酯的质量平均分子量为10000以上40000以下；其中，前述(C)成分和前述(D)成分的合计量为19质量%以上；所述无级变速器用润滑油组合物在100℃的动力粘度为5.5mm2/s以上6.5mm2/s以下，且在-20℃的动力粘度为680mm2/s以下。 
(2) 上述的无级变速器用润滑油组合物，其特征在于，前述(A)成分在100℃的动力粘度为1.5mm2/s以上2.5mm2/s以下；前述(B)成分在100℃的动力粘度为5.5mm2/s以上7.5mm2/s以下；前述(D)成分的质量平均分子量为10000以上30000以下；其中，所述无级变速器用润滑油组合物在100℃的动力粘度为5.8mm2/s以上6.5mm2/s以下。 
(3) 上述的无级变速器用润滑油组合物，其特征在于，前述(B)成分在100℃的动力粘度为5.5mm2/s以上7.0mm2/s以下；前述(D)成分的质量平均分子量为15000以上30000以下；其中，所述无级变速器用润滑油组合物在-20℃的动力粘度为660mm2/s以下。 
(4) 上述的无级变速器用润滑油组合物，其特征在于，其用于带式无级变速器。 
根据本发明，可以提供具有低粘度和高粘度指数、剪切稳定性良好、疲劳寿命长的无级变速器用润滑油组合物。另外，本发明的无级变速器用润滑油组合物，可以特别适合地作为带式无级变速器用使用。 
具体实施方式
本发明的润滑油组合物，其特征在于，掺混上述的(A)~(D)的成分而形成。以下进行详细说明。 
[A成分] 
本发明的无级变速器用润滑油组合物，作为(A)成分，掺混45质量%以上且65质量%以下的矿物油和聚-α-烯烃(以下，也称为PAO)中的至少任1种而形成，所述矿物油和聚-α-烯烃的硫含量为0.03质量%以下，且100℃的动力粘度为1.5mm2/s以上3mm2/s以下、优选1.5mm2/s以上2.5mm2/s以下。
若100℃的动力粘度低于1.5mm2/s，则蒸发性变高，若超过3mm2/s，则粘度指数降低。 
若(A)成分中的硫含量超过0.03质量%，则氧化稳定性变差。 
另外，若掺混量少于45质量%，则制成的润滑油组合物的粘度升高，作为无极变速器用使用时，有产生摩擦损失增大这种不良的情况，因此不是优选的。若掺混量超过65质量%，则粘度降低，作为无极变速器用使用时，有机械部件的磨损增大的顾虑，因此不是优选的。 
作为成分(A)中使用的矿物油，例如可优选使用将原油进行常压蒸馏及减压蒸馏得到的润滑油馏分通过适当组合如下精制处理进行精制而成的链烷属烃类、环烷属烃类等：溶剂脱沥青、溶剂提取、加氢裂解、溶剂脱蜡、催化脱蜡、加氢精制、硫酸洗涤或粘土处理等。 
另外，作为PAO，例如可以使用1-辛烯低聚物、1-癸烯低聚物等。 
这些矿物油或PAO中，可以单独使用100℃的动力粘度在上述范围内的矿物油或PAO，也可以将选自它们中的2种以上以任意比例混合使用。 
[B成分] 
本发明的无级变速器用润滑油组合物，作为(B)成分，掺混以组合物总量为基准计为10质量%以上20质量%以下的矿物油和聚-α-烯烃中的至少1种而形成，所述矿物油和聚-α-烯烃的硫含量为0.03质量%以下，且100℃的动力粘度为5.5mm2/s以上8mm2/s以下、优选5.5mm2/s以上7.5mm2/s以下。
若100℃的动力粘度低于5.5mm2/s，则粘度指数降低，若超过8mm2/s，则低温下的粘度升高，因此不是优选的。 
若(B)成分中的硫含量超过0.03质量%，则氧化稳定性变差。 
另外，若掺混量少于10质量%，则粘度降低，作为无极变速器用使用时，有机械部件的磨损增大的顾虑，因此不是优选的。若掺混量超过20质量%，则制成的润滑油组合物的粘度升高，有产生摩擦损失增大这种不良的情况，因此不是优选的。 
(B)成分中掺混的矿物油或聚-α-烯烃可以使用与前述的(A)成分 
中掺混的相同的矿物油或聚-α-烯烃。
[C成分] 
本发明的无级变速器用润滑油组合物，作为(C)成分，掺混5质量%以上12质量%以下的聚-α-烯烃而形成，所述聚-α-烯烃100℃的动力粘度为30mm2/s以上400mm2/s以下。
若100℃的动力粘度低于30mm2/s，则粘度指数降低，若超过400mm2/s，则剪切稳定性降低，因此不是优选的。 
若掺混量少于5质量%，则制成的润滑油组合物的粘度降低，作为无极变速器用使用时，有机械部件的磨损增大的顾虑，因此不是优选的。若掺混量超过12质量%，则粘度升高，有产生摩擦损失增大这种不良的情况，因此不是优选的。 
[D成分] 
本发明的无级变速器用润滑油组合物，作为(D)成分，掺混8质量%以上14质量%以下的聚甲基丙烯酸酯(以下，也称为PMA)而形成，所述PMA的质量平均分子量为10000以上40000以下、优选质量平均分子量为10000以上30000以下、更优选质量平均分子量为15000以上30000以下。
若质量平均分子量小于10000，则粘度指数降低，不是优选的。若质量平均分子量大于40000，则有产生剪切稳定性降低这种不良的情况。 
若掺混量以润滑油组合物总量为基准计为少于8质量%，则润滑油组合物的粘度降低，作为无极变速器用使用时，有机械部件的磨损增大的顾虑，不是优选的。若掺混量超过12质量%，则润滑油组合物的粘度升高，作为无极变速器用使用时，有产生摩擦损失增大这种不良的情况。 
另外，(C)成分和(D)成分的掺混量的合计优选以组合物总量为基准计为19质量%以上，更优选为19质量%以上40质量%以下。满足该掺混量时，本发明的润滑油组合物具有可以作为无极变速器用适合地利用的粘度。 
[其他添加剂] 
本发明的润滑油组合物中，在不损害本发明效果的范围内，根据需要也可以进一步掺混其他的添加剂，例如净化剂、无灰系分散剂、抗磨剂、摩擦调节剂、防锈剂、金属钝化剂、消泡剂、抗氧化剂及着色剂等。
作为净化剂，可以列举：中性金属磺酸盐、中性金属酚盐、中性金属水杨酸盐、中性金属膦酸盐、碱性磺酸盐、碱性酚盐、碱性水杨酸盐、高碱性磺酸盐、高碱性水杨酸盐、高碱性膦酸盐等金属系净化剂。优选的掺混量，以组合物总量为基准计为0.01质量%以上且10质量%以下左右。 
作为无灰系分散剂，例如可以列举：琥珀酰亚胺类、含硼的琥珀酰亚胺类、苄胺类、含硼的苄胺类、琥珀酸酯类、以脂肪酸或琥珀酸为代表的一元或二元的羧酸的酰胺类等。无灰系分散剂的优选的掺混量，以组合物总量为基准计为0.1质量%以上且20质量%以下左右。 
作为抗磨剂，例如可以列举：如硫代磷酸金属盐(Zn、Pb、Sb等)或硫代氨基甲酸金属盐(Zn等)之类的硫系抗磨剂、如磷酸酯(磷酸三甲苯酯)之类的磷系抗磨剂。抗磨剂的优选的掺混量，以组合物总量为基准计为0.05质量%以上且5质量%以下左右。 
作为摩擦调节剂，例如可以列举：新戊二醇单月桂酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷单月桂酸酯、甘油单油酸酯(单油酸甘油酯)等多元醇偏酯等。摩擦调节剂的优选的掺混量，以组合物为基准计为0.05质量%以上且4质量%以下左右。 
作为防锈剂，例如可以列举：脂肪酸、烯基琥珀酸半酯、脂肪酸皂、烷基磺酸盐、多元醇脂肪酸酯、脂肪酸酰胺、氧化石蜡、烷基聚氧乙烯醚等。防锈剂的优选的掺混量，以组合物总量为基准计为0.01质量%以上且3质量%以下左右。 
作为金属钝化剂，例如可以列举：苯并三唑、苯并三唑衍生物、三唑、三唑衍生物、咪唑、咪唑衍生物、噻二唑等，可以单独或将2种以上组合使用。金属钝化剂的优选的掺混量，以组合物总量为基准计为0.01质量%以上且5质量%以下左右。 
作为消泡剂，例如可以将硅酮系化合物、酯系化合物等单独或组合2种以上使用。消泡剂的优选的掺混量，以组合物总量为基准计为0.05质量%以上且5质量%以下左右。 
作为抗氧化剂，优选使用受阻酚系或胺系抗氧化剂，或烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZnDTP)等。作为酚系，双酚系或含酯基的酚系是特别适合的。作为胺系，二烷基二苯基胺系或萘胺系是适合的。抗氧化剂的优选的掺混量在0.05质量%以上且7质量%以下左右。 
掺混以上的成分形成的本发明的无级变速器用润滑油组合物，100℃的动力粘度为5.5mm2/s以上6.5mm2/s以下，优选5.8mm2/s以上6.5mm2/s以下，且-20℃的动力粘度为680mm2/s以下，优选为660mm2/s以下。 
若100℃的动力粘度低于5.5mm2/s，则用于无级变速器时，机械部件的磨损性增大，机械的可靠性及耐久性降低。若100℃的动力粘度超过6.5mm2/s，则摩擦损失增大，用于无级变速器时，无法发挥节油耗性。若-20℃的动力粘度超过680mm2/s，则从低温区到常温区的摩擦损失增大，用于无级变速器时，无法实现作为目标的节油耗性。 
本发明的无级变速器用润滑油组合物，通过满足前述的成分、掺混量及粘度，可以具有低粘度和高粘度指数、且具有剪切稳定性良好的特性，在用于无级变速器时，可以确保机械部件的疲劳寿命长。 
实施例
以下，通过实施例进一步详细地说明本发明，但本发明并不受这些实例的任何限制。 
[实施例1~5、比较例1~5] 
按表1所示的组成调制无级变速器用组合物，用以下所示的方法测定调制的组合物的100℃及-20℃的动力粘度、-40℃的BF粘度、剪切前动力粘度、剪切后动力粘度、滚动4球疲劳寿命。
需要说明，表1中记载的成分如下： 
矿物油-1：硫含量0.03质量%以下且100℃的动力粘度为2.2mm2/s、40℃的动力粘度为7.1mm2/s的矿物油
矿物油-2：硫含量0.03质量%以下且100℃的动力粘度为6.5mm2/s、40℃的动力粘度为37mm2/s的矿物油
PAO-1：100℃的动力粘度为1.8mm2/s的PAO
PAO-2：100℃的动力粘度为3.9mm2/s的PAO
PAO-3：100℃的动力粘度为9.8mm2/s的PAO
PAO-4：100℃的动力粘度为100mm2/s的PAO
PMA-1：质量平均分子量20000的聚甲基丙烯酸酯
PMA-2：质量平均分子量50000的聚甲基丙烯酸酯
CVT油用添加剂：含有净化剂(磺酸钙等)、分散剂(琥珀酰亚胺等)、极压添加剂及抗磨剂(硫化物、磷酸化合物、硫化磷化合物等)、消泡剂、铜钝化剂等的整套配方(package)。
[100℃及-20℃的动力粘度] 
基于JISＫ2283进行测定。
[粘度指数] 
基于JISＫ2283进行测定。
[BF粘度] 
基于JPI-5S-26-85进行测定。
[剪切前后动力粘度] 
基于JASO M-347，进行30小时试验，测定试验前后的140℃的动力粘度。
[滚动4球疲劳寿命] 
使用滚动4球试验，测定发生点蚀(pitting，ピッチング)的时间。测定条件为，使用SUJ-2制3/4英寸的球，荷重6.9GPa、转数2200rpm、油温90℃。
[表1] 
Figure 2010800640703100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
[评价结果]
如表1所示，使用本发明的润滑油组合物的实施例1~5中的任一与市售品(比较例5)相比，100℃的动力粘度控制为较低，且-20℃的动力粘度变低。即，可以说为低粘度，且粘度变化的温度依赖性少，粘度指数提高。另外，-40℃的BF粘度，与市售品相比，一律控制为较低，可知低温流动性高。即，本发明的润滑油组合物具有低粘度和高粘度指数，且低温流动性高，因此，作为无级变速器用使用时，与市售品相比，摩擦损失少，低温起动性好，即，显示能够节油耗化。
此外，剪切后动力粘度及滚动4球疲劳寿命试验中，均维持与市售品相当的值。因此，本发明的润滑油组合物具有低粘度和高粘度指数，剪切稳定性良好，且疲劳寿命长。 
另一方面，对比较例1~比较例4，包括市售品而言，与实施例相比，未见低粘度、高粘度指数且低温流动性、剪切稳定性及疲劳寿命良好的例子。比较例1中-20℃的动力粘度高，疲劳寿命也短。比较例2，剪切后动力粘度低，疲劳寿命也短。比较例3，BF粘度的值大，低温流动性不好。比较例4，由于100℃的动力粘度低，因此剪切后动力粘度也低，无法维持合适的值，同时疲劳寿命变短。 
产业上的可利用性
本发明可以作为变速器用润滑油使用，特别是可以适合地作为汽车的带式无级变速器用使用。

Claims (4)

1. 无级变速器用润滑油组合物，所述无级变速器用润滑油组合物的特征在于，其掺混以下成分(A)-(D)而形成：
(A) 以组合物总量为基准计为45质量%以上65质量%以下的矿物油和聚-α-烯烃中的至少任1种，所述矿物油和聚-α-烯烃的硫含量为0.03质量%以下、且100℃的动力粘度为1.5mm2/s以上3mm2/s以下，
(B) 以组合物总量为基准计为10质量%以上20质量%以下的矿物油和聚-α-烯烃中的至少任1种，所述矿物油和聚-α-烯烃的硫含量为0.03质量%以下、且100℃的动力粘度为5.5mm2/s以上8mm2/s以下，
(C) 以组合物总量为基准计为 5质量%以上12质量%以下的聚-α-烯烃，所述聚-α-烯烃在100℃的动力粘度为30mm2/s以上400mm2/s以下，
(D) 以组合物总量为基准计为8质量%以上14质量%以下的聚甲基丙烯酸酯，所述聚甲基丙烯酸酯的质量平均分子量为10000以上40000以下；
其中，前述(C)成分和前述(D)成分的合计量为19质量%以上；
所述无级变速器用润滑油组合物在100℃的动力粘度为5.5mm2/s以上6.5mm2/s以下，且在-20℃的动力粘度为680mm2/s以下。
2. 权利要求1所述的无级变速器用润滑油组合物，其特征在于，
前述(A)成分在100℃的动力粘度为1.5mm2/s以上2.5mm2/s以下；
前述(B)成分在100℃的动力粘度为5.5mm2/s以上7.5mm2/s以下；
前述(D)成分的质量平均分子量为10000以上30000以下；
其中，所述无级变速器用润滑油组合物在100℃的动力粘度为5.8mm2/s以上6.5mm2/s以下。
3. 权利要求2所述的无级变速器用润滑油组合物，其特征在于，
前述(B)成分在100℃的动力粘度为5.5mm2/s以上7.0mm2/s以下；
前述(D)成分的质量平均分子量为15000以上30000以下；
其中，所述无级变速器用润滑油组合物在-20℃的动力粘度为660mm2/s以下。
4. 权利要求1~3任一项所述的无级变速器用润滑油组合物，其特征在于，其用于带式无级变速器。
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