CN102754667B - High-efficiency composite botanical pesticide - Google Patents
High-efficiency composite botanical pesticide Download PDFInfo
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- CN102754667B CN102754667B CN201110174001.4A CN201110174001A CN102754667B CN 102754667 B CN102754667 B CN 102754667B CN 201110174001 A CN201110174001 A CN 201110174001A CN 102754667 B CN102754667 B CN 102754667B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency composite botanical pesticide, which is aqueous emulsion constituted by plant effective constituent extracts and auxiliaries, wherein the plant effective constituent extracts are acquired by carrying out microwave-assisted extraction on Sophora alopecuroide, Cynanchum komarovii, tobacco leaves, derris, Rhododendron molle, pyrethrum and thyme in different extraction solvents, and the auxiliaries comprise white sugar, turpentine and emulsifier. The high-efficiency composite botanical pesticide plays roles both in prevention and treatment, is particularly suitable for arid areas, and has the validity period being more than 15 days under a rain-free condition.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant pest management technology, particularly a kind of high-effect compound plant source pesticide.
Background technology
It is unique and very abundant that Ningxia and west droughty area Sophora alopecuroide, OX-heart are flutterred the plant resourceses such as son, and the alkaloid utilization in Sophora alopecuroide has in recent years obtained many breakthroughs at field of medicaments, Development and Production a large amount of people's medications.
Cynanchum Komarovii is mainly distributed in half-desert area, desert, northwest, and the alkaloid that its plant is rich in has toxic action to aphid, cabbage caterpillar, diamond-back moth, is a kind of ideal botanical pesticide resource.
Thymus plant China be called Mongollian Thyme Herb, Chinese prickly ash, Chinese pepper, lindera glauca, thyme etc., originating in ， Mountainous Areas of Southern Ningxia, the Northwest has larger distribution.Thyme blade can be in conjunction with the cooking of various meat, fish and shellfish, makes tea and can help to reach aid digestion, elimination ventosity and relieve the effect of alcohol, and adds honey and can control paroxysmal spasmodic cough, catch a cold and have a sore throat in preserved material.Bath and also have the effect of the nerve of releiving and calm, refining essential oil has bactericidal action, and can add freckle cream to make, and tool is eliminated freckle, repairing aging skin, also can make the material of perfumed soap and mouthwash.
Dalmatian chrysanthemum is a kind of perennial herb feverfew, the current pesticide plant of unique extensive intensive cropping in the world, be a kind of free from environmental pollution, harmless to person poultry safety, rapidly kill pests and being difficult for develop immunity to drugs, the efficient natural insecticide of noresidue.With the natural chrysanthemum ester oil of its extraction, it is the primary raw material of producing high-efficiency low-toxicity harmless boilogical agricultural chemicals and hygienic insecticide.
The main insecticidal constituent of trifoliate jewelvine is rotenone (Rotenone), to the high poison of insect and to person poultry safety, it carrys out kill pests by suppressing the biochemical pathway between DPNH, dehydrase (NAD+ coenzyme I) and ubiquinone in insect bodies, therefore insect is difficult for producing resistance.
Azalea pontica has the 3 kinds of material that activity is higher: Chinese azalea extract-III (being called for short R-III), Kalmanol and Grayanotoxin-III in (claiming again Rhododendron molle), wherein take R-III as main insecticidal active ingredient.R-III belongs to tetracyclic triterpenoid, different at flower, tender leaf, root, the stem different parts content of Azalea pontica, to spend middle content the highest (0.20%).Rhodojaponin insect is had tag, stomach toxicity and fumigation action.Can processing and fabricating Azalea pontica pulvis and Azalea pontica aqua two Plants agricultural chemicals with Azalea pontica, can be used for preventing and treating the insects such as leafhopper, rice fulgorid, thrips, aphid, aulacophora femoralis, mirid pentatomid, cutworm.
Chinese patent " Nuisanceless high-efficient vegetal pesticide " (CN101036475), a kind of composite plant insecticidal formulation is disclosed, active ingredient be take the raw alkali of hardship as main, is equipped with OX-heart and flutters seed extract, nicotine and practice hard fruit, bitter dried orange peel, pyrethrum flowers, the tuber of stemona and thymic extract.
But still there is the problems such as drug effect universal is inadequate, the duration is long, extraction efficiency is low in above-mentioned composite plant insecticide.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome prior art defect, a kind of broad-spectrum, high-effect compound plant source pesticide are provided.
Object of the present invention realizes according to following technical proposals:
A kind of high-efficiency plant source composite pesticide, the aqueous emulsion being formed by effective ingredients in plant extract and auxiliary agent, effective ingredients in plant extract is that Sophora alopecuroide, OX-heart are flutterred son, tobacco leaf, trifoliate jewelvine, Azalea pontica, Dalmatian chrysanthemum and thyme and in different solvents, adopted Microwave-assisted Extraction to follow the example of the extract of acquisition, and adjuvant used is white sugar, turpentine oil and emulsifier;
It is ethanol that above-mentioned Sophora alopecuroide, OX-heart are flutterred the extraction solvent that son, tobacco leaf picking use, and Microwave Extraction condition is: normal temperature, weight solid-to-liquid ratio 1: 20, microwave power 1500W, frequency: 2450Hz, time 10-20min, extract solid weight water content 5-10%;
The extraction solvent that above-mentioned trifoliate jewelvine, Azalea pontica, Dalmatian chrysanthemum and thyme adopt is 2: 1 mixed solvents of n-hexane-ethanol, and Microwave Extraction condition is: normal temperature, weight solid-to-liquid ratio 1: 30, microwave power 1000W, frequency: 2450Hz, time 10-20min, extract solid weight water content 5-10%;
The preparation method of above-mentioned aqueous emulsion adds water, turpentine oil, white sugar, emulsifier after the effective ingredients in plant extract of desolvation is mixed in proportion, stirs; The weight proportion of each effective component extracts is: bitter coal tub extract: OX-heart is flutterred seed extract: leaf tobacco extract: trifoliate jewelvine extract: Azalea pontica extract: Dalmatian chrysanthemum extract: thyme extract=1: 0.2: 0.2: 0.1: 0.1: 0.1: 0.1; The weight proportion of aqueous emulsion is: effective ingredients in plant extract 0.8%, and white sugar 1%, turpentine oil: 10%, emulsifier: 5%, all the other are water.
The present invention has following positive effect:
1, the present invention utilizes the biogenic pesticide plant of west desertification region uniqueness, as Sophora alopecuroide, OX-heart are flutterred son, thyme, in conjunction with other plant insecticide effective component extracts, be composited, active insecticidal components is varied, chemical classification angle from composition, mainly comprises: (1) alkaloid: as nicotine, matrine; (2) terpene and volatile oil: as pyrethrins (3) triterpenes and steroid compound: Azalea pontica etc.; (4) flavonoids, as rotenone etc.Because active component is abundant, to compare with independent a kind of composition, insect is difficult for forming drug resistance, and the universal of desinsection improves.
Table 1 has provided through overtesting, five kinds of different insecticides control efficiency to matrimony vine, capsicum aphid:
Table 1
In table: I: agricultural chemicals of the present invention; II: compound chinaberry element; III: hundred No. one, grass; IV: Ku Pi Tie-up; V: No. one, biological insecticides (academy of agricultural sciences, Lanzhou); CK: clear water.
As can be seen from the above table, the present invention compares with some in the past conventional insecticides, has clear superiority.
The present invention has carried out widely applying test, Major Pests to crops such as matrimony vine, facilities vegetable, outdoor vegetable, watermelon, grapes: aphid, mite class, cabbage caterpillar, liriomyza bryoniae, two spotted spider mite etc. have carried out multiple spot control test, compare with general plant insecticide with chemical insecticide, prove there is efficient, broad-spectrum, feature that low toxicity, lasting period are grown.
2, adopt microwave extract method and select suitably to extract solvent, extraction rate is accelerated, recovery rate improves.With thyme, be extracted as example, the microwave induced extraction of the present invention recovery rate of ten minutes is equivalent to the recovery rate that Soxhlet is extracted 2 hours, and does not contain the impurity such as chlorophyll in extract of the present invention; Again for example, adopt the present invention from Sophora alopecuroide, to extract matrine, extraction time also shortened to 10-20 minute by 3 hours, and recovery rate brings up to 5.5% from 3.5%.
3, stability of emulsion of the present invention is high, by adding appropriate auxiliary material, as turpentine oil and white sugar, improve dissolubility, dispersiveness and the liquid medicine stability of extract, simultaneously, be sprayed on plant, active ingredient tack is good, and particularly white sugar adds, greatly improved result of use, white sugar has certain adsorptivity and insect inductivity at plant surface, plays and is detained insect effect, is conducive to improve the killing rate to adult and ovum.
4, main component of the present invention is botanical pesticide, and auxiliary material is also harmless to people, animal, does not have chemical pesticide residual after application, is applicable to the plantation of green plants.
5, agricultural chemicals of the present invention is various to the mode of action of insect, existing stomach poison function, as kushenin composition, and action of contace poison, as Dalmatian chrysanthemum, trifoliate jewelvine, tobacco etc., also have to avoid and keep away and Antifeedant Effects, as thyme etc., in conjunction with the bonding effect of white sugar, both having made also has certain control efficiency for global problem pimento tip die-back again.The present invention is both anti-, also controls, and is particularly suitable for arid area, and under rain condition condition, the term of validity is all more than 15 days.
Embodiment
1, raw material is prepared:
Get that Ningxia this real estate Sophora alopecuroide, OX-heart are flutterred son, tobacco leaf is pulverized respectively, adjust moisture to 5-10% (W), standby;
Get outsourcing trifoliate jewelvine, Azalea pontica, Dalmatian chrysanthemum and thyme and pulverize respectively, adjust moisture to 5-10% (W), standby;
2, working substance extracts:
Get that Sophora alopecuroide, the OX-heart that step 1 obtains flutterred son, tobacco leaf powder adds respectively in micro-wave oven, add extract to stir lower reaction, reaction condition: extracting solvent is ethanol, Microwave Extraction condition is: normal temperature, weight solid-to-liquid ratio 1: 20, microwave power 1500W, frequency: 2450Hz, time 10-20min.After reaction finishes, remove by filter solid content, heating evaporation is except desolventizing, and solvent recovery, recycles, and obtains effective component extracts.
Getting trifoliate jewelvine, Azalea pontica, Dalmatian chrysanthemum and the thyme powder that step 1 obtains adds respectively in micro-wave oven, add extract to stir lower reaction, reaction condition: extracting solvent is n-hexane-ethanol 2: 1 (volume) mixed solvents, Microwave Extraction condition is: normal temperature, weight solid-to-liquid ratio 1: 30, microwave power 1000W, frequency: 2450Hz, time 10-20min; After reaction finishes, remove by filter solid content, heating evaporation is except desolventizing, and solvent recovery, recycles, and obtains effective component extracts.
3, emulsion preparation:
In container, according to the weight proportion of each effective component extracts: bitter coal tub extract: OX-heart is flutterred seed extract: leaf tobacco extract: trifoliate jewelvine extract: Azalea pontica extract: Dalmatian chrysanthemum extract: thyme extract=1: 0.2: 0.2: 0.1: 0.1: 0.1: 0.1, after weighing, mix in proportion, under normal temperature, (be not less than 10 ℃), according to following weight proportion, prepare aqueous emulsion: effective ingredients in plant extract 0.8%, white sugar 1%, turpentine oil: 10%, emulsifier: 5%, all the other are water.Emulsion is carried out abundant mix and blend and is obtained finished product.
4, application:
According to 400,600,800,1000 or 1200 times of disease situation dilutions, spray-on process imposes on be injured plant leaf surface or rhizome, and efficiency time generally, more than 15 days (getting rid of the rainy day), has killing action in various degree to various diseases.
Application example: the present invention carried out a large amount of field trials, took a single example:
The test of vegetable insecticide of the present invention on matrimony vine:
One, test material
1, test material: medicament title: No. 1, high-effect compound plant source pesticide;
Crop varieties, the age of tree: No. one, peaceful Qi, life in 6 years;
2, test site and area: No. 11 article one in Nan Liang farm matrimony vine station, 40 mu of areas;
3, using method, object:
Matrimony vine budding period April 6 is diluted agricultural chemicals with 500 times, and machinery sprays, and mainly the aphid ovum of surviving the winter, one-tenth mite is prevented and treated;
In tip vegetative period spring May 11, medication diluted concentration is respectively 800 times, 1000 times and 1200 times, object: variable concentrations, to control of aphids effect, is determined best working concentration, checks 1000 times of concentration to preventing and treating the effect of goitre mite.
June 7 matrimony vine full-bloom stage, 1000 times of Drug levels, object: kill aphid and volume increase situation.
Two, result of the test
The anti-aphid test statistics of table 2
The anti-goitre mite of table 3 test statistics
Table 4 and check plot output statistics and performance analysis
From the experimental data of table 2, table 3 and table 4, can find out, at the different times of matrimony vine growth, using the present invention has obvious insecticidal effect to Wolfberry Aphid and goitre mite, and can improve yield of medlar, and in table, CK refers to clear water contrast.
Claims (2)
1. a high-effect compound plant source pesticide, the aqueous emulsion being formed by effective ingredients in plant extract and auxiliary agent, effective ingredients in plant extract is that Sophora alopecuroide, OX-heart are flutterred son, tobacco leaf, trifoliate jewelvine, Azalea pontica, Dalmatian chrysanthemum and thyme and in different solvents, adopted Microwave-assisted Extraction to follow the example of the extract of acquisition, and adjuvant used is white sugar, turpentine oil and emulsifier;
It is ethanol that above-mentioned Sophora alopecuroide, OX-heart are flutterred the extraction solvent that son, tobacco leaf picking use, and Microwave Extraction condition is: normal temperature, weight solid-to-liquid ratio 1:20, microwave power 1500W, frequency: 2450Hz, time 10-20min, extract solid weight water content 5-10%;
The extraction solvent that above-mentioned trifoliate jewelvine, Azalea pontica, Dalmatian chrysanthemum and thyme adopt is n-hexane-ethanol 2:1 mixed solvent, and Microwave Extraction condition is: normal temperature, weight solid-to-liquid ratio 1:30, microwave power 1000W, frequency: 2450Hz, time 10-20min, extract solid weight water content 5-10%;
The preparation method of above-mentioned aqueous emulsion adds water, turpentine oil, white sugar, emulsifier after the effective ingredients in plant extract of desolvation is mixed in proportion, stirs; The weight proportion of each effective component extracts is: sophora alopecuroides extract: OX-heart is flutterred seed extract: leaf tobacco extract: trifoliate jewelvine extract: Azalea pontica extract: Dalmatian chrysanthemum extract: thyme extract=1:0.2:0.2:0.1:0.1:0.1:0.1; The weight proportion of aqueous emulsion is: effective ingredients in plant extract 0.8%, and white sugar 1%, turpentine oil: 10%, emulsifier: 5%, all the other are water.
2. high-effect compound plant source pesticide as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that mentioned emulsifier is neopelex.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201110174001.4A CN102754667B (en) | 2011-06-27 | 2011-06-27 | High-efficiency composite botanical pesticide |
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| CN201110174001.4A CN102754667B (en) | 2011-06-27 | 2011-06-27 | High-efficiency composite botanical pesticide |
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| CN102754667A CN102754667A (en) | 2012-10-31 |
| CN102754667B true CN102754667B (en) | 2014-01-15 |
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| CN104068076A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-10-01 | 何芳 | Preparation method for particle pesticide |
| CN104430565A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-03-25 | 江苏健神生物农化有限公司 | Botanical pesticide and preparation method thereof |
| CN106538636A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-03-29 | 张峰 | A kind of plant insecticide and preparation method thereof |
| CN106577051A (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-04-26 | 兰坪县建浩农业科技发展有限责任公司 | Pest control and prevention method for tangerines |
| CN106719941A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-31 | 浙江大学 | A kind of food refusal insect-paste and its method for preparation and abatement matrimony vine insect pest |
| CN107027830A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-08-11 | 孙伟年 | A kind of nano level plant source insecticide and preparation method thereof |
| CN107484783A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-12-19 | 浦江县合洪园艺研发有限公司 | Edible apple fruit tree method for producing insecticide |
| CN109095986A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-12-28 | 潍坊康恩地生物技术有限公司 | A kind of compound plant source Water-solubility foliar fertilizer and preparation method thereof with sterilizing function |
| CN110447666A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-11-15 | 孙伟年 | A kind of matrine vegetable insecticide and preparation method thereof |
| CN114762505A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-07-19 | 西北农林科技大学 | Wild pepper nematicide, preparation method and application thereof |
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