CN114762505A - Wild pepper nematicide, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Wild pepper nematicide, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wild pepper nematicide, a preparation method and application thereof, the preparation method comprises the steps of crushing wild pepper fruits, and preparing into wild pepper extract nematicide soluble liquid, microemulsion and fumigant through a certain processing process, the wild pepper extract nematicide soluble liquid, microemulsion and fumigant can be used for preventing and controlling southern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Kofold and White) Chitwood on crops such as tomatoes, pumpkins, cucumbers and the like, and can also be used for preventing and controlling potato stem nematode Ditylenchus destructor on crops such as potatoes, sweet potatoes and the like. The preparation contains 10-30% of wild pepper extract and the balance of auxiliary agents. The nematicide of the invention not only has good nematicide effect, but also is safe to the environment, human beings, livestock, natural enemies of pests and other beneficial organisms. The nematicide has simple preparation process and low cost, and is suitable for popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of plants and application thereof, and particularly relates to a lindera glauca nematicide, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Meloidogyne incognita (Kofold & White) Chitwood, a Meloidogyne incognita, Heterodermaceae, Meloidogyne, is an important parasitic nematode, has a wide host range, and can harm hundreds of plants. When the root knot nematode disease is relatively light, the overground part of the plant does not change obviously, so the disease is not easy to be perceived, and when the disease is serious, the leaves of the plant become yellow and wilted, the plant is short and small, the fruit yield is reduced, the quality is reduced, and even the plant dies. Because of the characteristics of strong adaptability, strong fecundity, strong concealment, drug resistance and the like, the root-knot nematode is very difficult to control. According to data statistics, plant diseases caused by meloidogyne incognita each year can directly or indirectly cause about 500 billion economic losses of different industries all over the world, and are one of serious diseases and insect pests in production activities such as agriculture and gardening harming at present.
Ditylenchus destructor Thorne, belonging to order of Glaucales, family of granulomatology, genus Meloidogyne, is an important parasitic nematode, and its host plants are potato and sweet potato, but in China, sweet potato is the main hazard, and in the south and north potato areas, the occurrence of the nematode is common. The potato stem nematode only harms the underground part of the host, and the infected sweet potato tissue is rotten, dried, shriveled, cracked in the epidermis, and gradually blackened in the internal tissue, which usually accompanies the secondary infection of fungi, bacteria and mites. In recent years, the stem nematode disease is aggravated year by year, which causes serious threat to the production of sweet potatoes, and the disease becomes one of three serious diseases restricting the production of the sweet potatoes in China, the yield of general diseased field blocks is reduced by 20-50%, and serious disease field blocks are basically dead without harvest.
Piper hancei (Lindera glauca) is Lauraceae, Lasiosphaera deciduous shrub or small tree. The fructus Piperis (L.glauca) is distributed in south of Kunzea, south of Songhua county, south of Yunying county, Gansu, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, etc,TaiwanGuangdong, Guangxi,(Hubei)Hunan, Sichuan, etc. Distribution is also found in India, Korea and Japan. It is grown on hillside, forest edge and roadside below the elevation of about 900 m. Mountain pepper (l.glauca) wood can be used as furniture; the leaf and peel can be used for extracting aromatic oil; the kernel oil contains lauric acid, and the oil can be used as soap and emollientLubricating oil; root, branch, leaf, fruit; the leaves can warm the middle-jiao to dispel cold, break qi to remove stagnation, and expel wind to relieve swelling; radically curing overstrain, weakness, edema, numbness of limbs, rheumatic arthritis and traumatic injury; guo is indicated for stomach-ache.
The effects of spicebush fruit (L.glauca) and metabolites thereof on diseases, insects and weeds in agricultural production are not reported at present, and the main focus is on the aspect of bacteriostasis. There are reports that the volatile oil in the fruit of mountain pepper (L.glauca) has better bacteriostatic action on bacteria, mold and yeast (Zhanguo, Zhangjunqing, which is likeness to Lianxiang. the research on the extraction of the volatile oil of mountain pepper and its bacteriostatic activity [ J ]. the development of modern biomedicine, 2010,010(001): 133-. The above are all the results measured in a laboratory, and the research on the agricultural activity of the development system of the plant is not seen so far, no product is formed, and the plant can not be applied to agricultural production.
Disclosure of Invention
After discovering that the lindera glauca extract has good poisoning activity on nematodes, the inventor concludes that the lindera glauca extract can be prepared into an effective nematicide, so that the invention aims to research a plant source nematicide with high nematode killing effect, no pollution and low cost and a preparation method thereof by taking lindera glauca (L.glauca) as a raw material, and provides a lindera glauca nematicide, a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
use of extract of Piper hancei for preparing nematicide.
Optionally, the nematicide contains the spicebush root extract with the mass percentage of 10-30%.
Optionally, the preparation method of the spicebush root extract comprises the following steps:
the fructus Piperis extract is a concentrated solution obtained by pulverizing fructus Piperis and extracting with organic solvent to obtain 1kg dry powder/kg;
the organic solvent extraction method is an ultrasonic extraction method, the extraction temperature is 30 ℃, the extraction time is 0.5-1 hour, and the mass ratio of the piper spicatum to the organic solvent is 1 (5-10).
A wild pepper nematicide takes a wild pepper extract as a main component, and the mass percentage content of the wild pepper extract is 10-30%.
Optionally, the Piper hancei extract is a concentrated solution obtained by pulverizing Piper hancei fruit and extracting with organic solvent to obtain 1kg of dry powder/kg.
Optionally, the organic solvent extraction method is an ultrasonic extraction method, the extraction temperature is 30 ℃, the extraction time is 0.5-1 hour, and the mass ratio of the crushed mountain pepper fruits to the organic solvent is 1 (5-10);
the particle size of the crushed mountain pepper fruits is 1-5 mm; the organic solvent is methanol.
Optionally, the nematicide is in the form of emulsifiable concentrate, and the assistant of the emulsifiable concentrate comprises:
organic solvent: 40% -80%, surfactant: 5-30 percent, the sum of the weight percentages of the raw materials is 100 percent;
the organic solvent is one or a mixture of more of ethyl acetate, cyclohexanone, methyl oleate, ethanol, methanol, dimethylformamide and isopropanol;
the surfactant is one or more of alkyl benzene sulfonate, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether polyoxypropylene ether and similar substances thereof, addition product of castor oil and ethylene oxide and aralkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether formaldehyde condensation compound.
Optionally, the nematicide is in the form of a soluble liquid, and the auxiliary agent of the soluble liquid comprises:
organic solvent: 0-30%, surfactant: 5% -30%, antifreeze: 4 to 10 percent of water, and the balance of water, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the main component and the auxiliary agent is 100 percent;
the organic solvent is one or a mixture of more of ethyl acetate, cyclohexanone, methyl oleate, ethanol, methanol, dimethylformamide and isopropanol;
the surfactant is one or a mixture of a plurality of alkyl benzene sulfonate, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether polyoxypropylene ether and similar substances thereof, addition product of castor oil and ethylene oxide and aralkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether formaldehyde condensation compound;
the antifreezing agent is ethylene glycol or glycerol.
Optionally, the nematicide is in the form of a microemulsion, and the auxiliary agents of the microemulsion comprise:
organic solvent: 0-30%, surfactant: 5% -20%, antifreeze: 5-10 percent of water, and the balance of water, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the main component and the auxiliary agent is 100 percent;
the organic solvent is one or a mixture of more of ethyl acetate, cyclohexanone, methyl oleate, ethanol, methanol, dimethylformamide and isopropanol;
the surfactant is one or a mixture of a plurality of alkyl benzene sulfonate, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether polyoxypropylene ether and similar substances thereof, addition product of castor oil and ethylene oxide and aralkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether formaldehyde condensation compound;
the antifreezing agent is ethylene glycol or glycerol.
The preparation method of the wild pepper nematicide comprises the following steps:
A. crushing the mountain pepper fruits to a coarse crushed material with the particle size of 1-5 mm;
B. b, leaching the coarse crushed material obtained in the step A by using methanol, wherein the mass ratio of the coarse crushed material to the methanol is 1 (5-10), the extraction mode is an ultrasonic extraction method, the extraction temperature is 30 ℃, the extraction time is 0.5-1 hour, the extraction is repeated for three times, and the extract is concentrated in vacuum to be equivalent to 1kg of dry powder/kg of concentrated solution;
C. and C, mixing the concentrated solution obtained in the step B with an auxiliary agent according to the formula amount to obtain the nematicide with various dosage forms.
The wild pepper extract nematicide prepared by the invention has the following advantages:
the nematicidal activity is remarkable, and the nematicidal activity is not only applicable to the control of M.incognita of meloidogyne incognita on crops such as tomatoes, pumpkins, cucumbers and the like, but also applicable to the control of D.destructor of potato stem nematodes on crops such as potatoes, sweet potatoes and the like. Is safe to human, livestock, natural enemies of pests and other beneficial organisms, and has good environmental compatibility. The biogenic pesticide has no residual toxicity after being used. The preparation method is simple, low in cost and suitable for popularization and application.
Detailed Description
The plant source nematocide of the invention takes the wild pepper extract as an active substance, and is added with a certain proportion of auxiliary agents for formulation processing, so as to prepare environment-friendly preparations of microemulsion, fumigant and soluble liquid. The inventor's experiment proves that 20% of the radix linderae extract microemulsion, 20% of the radix linderae extract soluble liquid and 30% of the radix linderae extract fumigant have good control effects on meloidogyne incognita and potato stem nematode. The piper spicatum extract is extracted by adopting an ultrasonic solvent, the ultrasonic frequency is the ultrasonic frequency commonly used in the field of plant extraction, the change of the ultrasonic frequency does not influence the components of the extract, and the raw materials or the auxiliary agents used in the invention are all the varieties purchased in the market.
Use of Piper hancei extract for preparing nematicide is provided. The nematicide contains 10-30% of mountain pepper extract by mass percent. The preparation method of the wild pepper extract comprises the following steps: the fructus Piperis extract is a concentrated solution obtained by pulverizing fructus Piperis and extracting with organic solvent to obtain 1kg dry powder/kg; the organic solvent extraction method is an ultrasonic extraction method, the extraction temperature is 30 ℃, the extraction time is 0.5-1 hour, and the mass ratio of the piper spicatum to the organic solvent is 1 (5-10). The particle size of the pulverized fructus piperis longi is 1-5 mm; the organic solvent is methanol.
A wild pepper nematicide takes a wild pepper extract as a main component, and the mass percentage content of the wild pepper extract is 10-30%.
The nematicide has the form of missible oil, and the auxiliary agent of the missible oil comprises: organic solvent: 40% -80%, surfactant: 5-30 percent, the sum of the weight percentages of the raw materials is 100 percent; the organic solvent is one or a mixture of more of ethyl acetate, cyclohexanone, methyl oleate, ethanol, methanol, dimethylformamide and isopropanol; the surfactant is one or more of alkyl benzene sulfonate, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether polyoxypropylene ether and similar substances thereof, addition product of castor oil and ethylene oxide and aralkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether formaldehyde condensation compound.
The nematocide is in the form of soluble liquid, and the auxiliary agent of the soluble liquid comprises: organic solvent: 0-30%, surfactant: 5% -30%, antifreeze: 4 to 10 percent of water, and the balance of water, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the main component and the auxiliary agent is 100 percent; the antifreeze is glycol or glycerol.
The nematicide is in the form of microemulsion, and the auxiliary agents of the microemulsion comprise: organic solvent: 0-30%, surfactant: 5% -20%, antifreeze: 5-10 percent of water, and the balance of water, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the main component and the auxiliary agent is 100 percent;
the preparation method of the lindera glauca nematicide comprises the following steps: A. crushing the mountain pepper fruits to a coarse crushed material with the particle size of 1-5 mm; B. b, leaching the coarse crushed material obtained in the step A by using methanol, wherein the mass ratio of the coarse crushed material to the methanol is 1 (5-10), the extraction mode is an ultrasonic extraction method, the extraction temperature is 30 ℃, the extraction time is 0.5-1 hour, the extraction is repeated for three times, and the extract is concentrated in vacuum to be equivalent to 1kg of dry powder/kg of concentrated solution; C. and C, mixing the concentrated solution obtained in the step B with an auxiliary agent according to the formula amount to obtain the nematicide with various dosage forms.
For better understanding of the essence of the invention, the following examples are given to illustrate the technical contents of the invention, but the invention is not limited to these examples.
The extraction method of the methanol extract of the piper spicatum comprises the following steps:
A. crushing the wild pepper fruits into coarse crushed materials with the particle size of 1-5 mm by a practical plant crusher.
B. And D, leaching the coarse crushed material obtained in the step A by using methanol (the mass ratio of the coarse crushed material to the methanol is 1: 5-1: 10), wherein the extraction mode is ultrasonic extraction, the extraction temperature is 30 ℃, the extraction time is 0.5-1 hour, and the extract is concentrated in vacuum to be equivalent to 1kg of dry powder/kg of concentrated solution.
The concentrate of Piper hancei used in the following examples is a methanol extract of Piper hancei, corresponding to 1kg of dry powder/kg of concentrate.
Indoor bioassay method and result of methanol extract of piper spicatum on nematodes
The method comprises selecting healthy and uniform-sized nematodes as test nematodes, and determining poisoning activity of fructus Piperis extract. The assay was performed in 24 well cell culture plates, first with the same volume (V)1) Injecting the nematode suspension liquid with a constant volume into the sample hole, and calculating according to the test concentration (according to the formula (3))]Requiring additional sterile water (V)2) Finally, adding corresponding amount of mother liquor (V)3) Mixing uniformly, placing in an incubator at 25 ℃, repeating for 3 times, repeating for 50-100 nematodes, and treating with methanol as control. And (5) 24h and 48h after treatment, respectively checking the death and survival condition of the nematodes of each treatment, and respectively calculating the mortality of the nematodes and the corrected mortality of the nematodes according to the formulas (1) and (2).
Observing under a microscope, marking survival when the polypide is swimming and the polypide is in an S shape, marking survival when the polypide is in a straight line shape and a half-moon shape, touching the polypide with eyelashes constantly, marking survival when the polypide is obviously changed after being touched, and marking death when the polypide is not touched.
(Note: volume V of nematode suspension V1+ sterile water supply volume V2Volume V of mother liquid of chemical agent3N is preset in the test; to ensure consistency in the number of nematodes treated, V1Also fixed, e.g. V1＝100μL，N0It is known that V is fixed, and from this V ═ 400 μ L, V of different treatments can be derived2，V3)。
The poisoning activity of the spicebush root extract on nematodes is measured by a liquid medicine soaking method, and a toxicity curve is drawn, and the results are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 poisoning effect of methanol extract of Piper hancei on 2 nematodes
TABLE 2 toxicity curves of methanol extract of Piper hancei against nematocidal activity
As can be seen from the table, the methanol extract of the piper spicatum has stronger poisoning activity on the potato stem nematode and the meloidogyne incognita, the mortality rate after 48 hours is corrected is 95.83 percent when the potato stem nematode is treated by 40 mgDW/mL; the corrected mortality rate at 48h for 100mgDW/mL treated Meloidogyne incognita was 93.54%. 24h and 48h LC of potato stem nematode5010.170 and 13.481mgDW/mL respectively; 24h and 48h LC of Meloidogyne incognita5021.824 and 18.677 mgDW/mL, respectively.
EXAMPLE preparation of 120% microemulsion of Piper spicatum extract
Weighing 20kg of mountain pepper concentrate, dissolving in 30kg of methanol, adding 15kg of calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 5kg of styrene acid polyoxyethylene ether and 5kg of ethylene glycol, mixing under high-speed stirring, and heating to about 40 ℃; dropwise adding 25kg of deionized water under high-speed stirring, and controlling the dropwise adding speed of the water to keep the temperature at about 40 ℃; after the water is added, the temperature is raised to 50 ℃ and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour, and 100kg of 20 percent of mountain pepper extract microemulsion is prepared. The stability, appearance and the like of the preparation meet the requirements of commercial preparations.
Example preparation of 220% soluble concentrate of Piper spicatum extract
Weighing 20kg of mountain pepper concentrate, dissolving the mountain pepper concentrate in 30kg of methanol, adding 15kg of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 4kg of ethylene glycol, 0.3kg of polyvinyl alcohol and deionized water under stirring to make up 100kg, uniformly mixing, and stirring at a stirring speed of 800-1000 rpm for 10-30 minutes to obtain 100kg of mountain pepper extract soluble liquid. The stability, appearance and the like of the preparation meet the requirements of commercial preparations.
Example preparation of 330% lindera glauca extract fumigated cream:
weighing 30kg of mountain pepper concentrate, dissolving the mountain pepper concentrate in 10kg of methanol, 15kg of ethyl acetate and 5kg of dimethylformamide, adding 15kg of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 1kg of alkyl polyglycoside A, supplementing the mixture to 100kg with isopropanol, uniformly mixing, and stirring at the stirring speed of 800-1000 revolutions per minute for 10-30 minutes to obtain 100kg of mountain pepper extract fumigation emulsifiable concentrate. The stability, appearance and the like of the preparation meet the requirements of commercial preparations.
Example 4 examples 1-3 field control of Meloidogyne incognita with formulations of Piper hancei extracts
1. Reagent for testing
Microemulsion of piper spicatum extract, the microemulsion of piper spicatum extract in example 1
Soluble liquid agent of mountain pepper extract, example 2 soluble liquid agent of mountain pepper extract
Fumigant of mountain pepper extract, emulsified oil of mountain pepper extract in example 3
41.7% Fluopyram suspension concentrate (Beijing division, Bayer crop science (China) Co., Ltd.)
2. Test article
Tomato of the variety "top-quality coarse starch 802"
3. Control object
Meloidogyne incognita (Meloidogyne incognita)
4. Selection and treatment of test plots
4.1 selection of test plots
The test is carried out in a greenhouse in a modern agricultural park of Dali in Weinan, Shanxi province, tomato plots with representative diseases are selected as test lands, tomatoes are planted in previous crops, root-knot nematodes in southern regions are uniform, single and serious, other diseases and insect pests are slight, sandy soil is adopted, soil is light in texture, the nutrient content is high, and normal fertilizer and water management is realized.
4.2 test treatment and cell design
The tested agents were the kadsura pepper extract microemulsions 100 x, 300 x, 500 x; mountain pepper extract solubles 100 ×, 300 ×, 500 ×; fumigating emulsifiable concentrate with mountain pepper extract for 300 ×; 41.7% Fluopyram suspension 1500 × and blank control (clear water) for nine treatments. The test cells are arranged in random block groups, and the area of each cell is 25m2Repeat 3 times.
4.3 methods of application
Irrigating each cell before treatment, ensuring that the water content of the soil reaches 60% -70% of the saturated water holding capacity, carrying out rotary tillage on the soil before pesticide application, carrying out rotary tillage with the depth of a soil layer being 20-30 cm, uniformly spreading the pesticide according to the designed dosage on the surface of the soil, carrying out rotary tillage again, and transplanting the tomatoes after fully and uniformly mixing the pesticide and the soil. After the fumigant is applied, a plastic film is quickly covered, the periphery of the plastic film is tightly pressed by soil to ensure no air leakage, meanwhile, a door of the greenhouse is closed, after the greenhouse is closed for 10 days, the door is opened, the film is uncovered, the air is ventilated for 5 days, and the tomatoes are transplanted after no toxic gas residue in the soil is ensured. The 41.7 percent fluopyram suspending agent is treated by 1500 times and clear water respectively to serve as a medicament control and a blank control, and the water and fertilizer are the same and are managed normally. During the test period, the temperature in the greenhouse is low, the maximum temperature is 30 ℃, and the minimum temperature is 20 ℃. Two months later, sampling and investigation.
4.4 methods of investigation
Random sampling is adopted, 5 points are taken for each cell, 5 plants are taken for each point, the root node number of each tomato plant is checked according to the following standard, and grading is recorded. The classification method is shown in table 3 below:
TABLE 3 root knot grading Standard
The control effect is calculated according to the following formula:
root knot index (%) { [ ∑ (number of diseased plants × corresponding grade value) ]/total number of plants × 9} × 100;
control effect (%) [ (root knot index of control area-root knot index of agent-treated area)/root knot index of control area ] × 100.
5. Test results and statistics
The control effect of the 20% piper spicatum extract microemulsion, the 20% piper spicatum extract soluble liquid and the 30% piper spicatum extract fumigant on meloidogyne incognita was determined, and the results are shown in table 4.
Control effect of table 43 wild pepper extract nematocide on meloidogyne incognita
Note: the data in the table are the average of 3 replicates; in the column of "control effect", the same letters after the same column of numerical values mean that the difference is not significant at the level of α ═ 0.05 (DMRT method). (the same below)
From table 4, it can be seen that 3 preparations of piper spicatum extract have better control effect on meloidogyne incognita, except that 20% microemulsion of piper spicatum extract is diluted by 500 times, the control effect of other treatments and control agents has no significant difference, and the control effect is more than 80%. Therefore, the use of the above 3 formulations of mountain pepper extract is recommended.
Example 5 examples 1-3 field control of Pepper extract formulations against nematodes
1. Reagent for testing
Microemulsion of piper spicatum extract, the microemulsion of piper spicatum extract in example 1
Soluble liquid agent of mountain pepper extract, example 2 soluble liquid agent of mountain pepper extract
Fumigant of mountain pepper extract, emulsified oil of mountain pepper extract in example 3
1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate (Jiangsu Suling pesticide chemical company Limited)
2. Test article
The potato is purple flower white "
3. Control object
Potato Stem nematode (Ditylenchus destructor)
4. Selection and treatment of test plots
4.1 selection of test plots
The test is carried out in a greenhouse in a modern agricultural park of Dali in Weinan, Shanxi province, representative potato plots with diseases are selected as test lands, potatoes are planted in previous crops, the occurrence of potato stem nematodes is uniform, single and serious, other diseases and insect pests are slight, sandy soil is good, the soil texture is light, the nutrient content is high, and normal fertilizer and water management is realized.
4.2 test treatment and cell design
The test agents were spicebush extract microemulsions 100 x, 300 x, 500 x; mountain pepper extract solubles 100 ×, 300 ×, 500 ×; fumigating emulsifiable concentrate with mountain pepper extract for 300 ×; 1000 times of 1.8 percent abamectin emulsifiable solution and a blank control (clear water) are treated for nine treatments. The test cells are arranged in random blocks, and the area of each cell is 25m2Repeat 3 times.
4.3 methods of application
Irrigating each cell before treatment, ensuring that the water content of the soil reaches 60% -70% of the saturated water holding capacity, carrying out rotary tillage on the soil before pesticide application, carrying out rotary tillage with the depth of a soil layer being 20-30 cm, uniformly spreading the pesticide on the surface of the soil according to the designed dosage, carrying out rotary tillage again, and carrying out field planting after the pesticide and the soil are fully and uniformly mixed. After the fumigant is applied, a plastic film is quickly covered, the periphery of the plastic film is tightly compacted by soil to ensure that the plastic film is airtight, meanwhile, a door of the greenhouse is closed, after the greenhouse is closed for 10 days, the door is opened, the film is uncovered, and ventilation is carried out for 5 days to ensure that the fumigant is fixedly planted after nontoxic gas residues in soil. The 1.8 percent abamectin missible oil is treated by 1000 times and clear water respectively to be used as a medicament contrast and a blank contrast, and the water and fertilizer management is the same and normal. During the test period, the temperature in the greenhouse is low, the maximum temperature is 30 ℃, and the minimum temperature is 20 ℃. Potato was sampled after harvest for investigation.
4.4 methods of investigation
After 45 days, sampling by adopting a Z-shaped sampling method, wherein 5 sampling points are taken in each area, the sampling depth is 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm, and the diameter of the earth auger is 2.5 cm. Taking 200mg of soil each time, separating nematodes by a tray method, killing the nematodes by warm water at 60 ℃, fixing the nematodes by formaldehyde, and calculating the population reduction rate.
In the potato block harvesting period, 5-point sampling is carried out on each cell of a test area, 10 potato blocks are taken at each point, transverse cutting is carried out block by block, and grading is carried out according to the incidence degree of the transverse cutting surface:
level 0: no symptoms (no chaff and cracks);
level 1: the disease area accounts for less than 25% of the cross section;
and 2, stage: the disease area accounts for 25 to 50 percent of the cross section;
and 3, level: the disease incidence area accounts for 50 to 75 percent of the cross section;
4, level: the disease area accounts for more than 75% of the cross section.
Recording the number of the potato blocks at each level, and calculating disease index, morbidity and prevention and treatment effect. The calculation formula is as follows:
the reduction rate of the population of insects is (number of the population of insects before treatment-number of the population of insects after treatment)/number of the population of insects before treatment multiplied by 100%;
the disease index [ ∑ (disease grade value × number of potato blocks at corresponding grade) ]/(investigation total number of potato blocks × highest disease grade value) × 100;
the prevention and treatment effect is (disease index of the control area-the number of diseases of the treatment area)/disease index of the control area multiplied by 100%;
5. test results and statistics
The control effect of the 20% of the mountain pepper extract microemulsion, the 20% of the mountain pepper extract soluble liquid and the 30% of the mountain pepper extract fumigant on the potato stem nematodes was determined, and the results are shown in table 5.
Control effect of nematocide of Piper hancei extract on potato stem nematode of Table 53 species
As can be seen from Table 5, the 3 Piper hancei extract preparations have better control effects on the potato stem nematodes, and have no significant difference from the control effects of the control preparations. Wherein, the control effect of the 20% wild pepper extract soluble liquid 100 times of the diluent and the 20% wild pepper extract microemulsion 100 times of the diluent is higher than 90%; after 45 days, the number of insects in the soil is reduced, and the insect population reduction rate of 20% of wild pepper extract soluble liquid 100-fold diluent, 20% of wild pepper extract microemulsion 100-fold diluent and 30% of wild pepper extract fumigant 300-fold diluent exceeds 80%. Therefore, the use of the above 3 preparations of piper spicatum extract for the control of potato stem nematodes is recommended.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present disclosure within the technical idea scope of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all belong to the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. Use of Piper hancei extract for preparing nematicide is provided.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the nematicide comprises 10 to 30 mass percent of lindera glauca extract.
3. The use as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the preparation method of the spicebush root extract comprises:
the fructus Piperis extract is a concentrated solution obtained by pulverizing fructus Piperis and extracting with organic solvent to obtain 1kg dry powder/kg;
the organic solvent extraction method is an ultrasonic extraction method, the extraction temperature is 30 ℃, the extraction time is 0.5-1 hour, and the mass ratio of the piper spicatum to the organic solvent is 1 (5-10).
4. The wild pepper nematicide is characterized in that the nematicide takes a wild pepper extract as a main component, and the mass percentage content of the wild pepper extract is 10-30%.
5. The wild pepper nematicide according to claim 4, wherein the wild pepper extract is a concentrated solution obtained by crushing the wild pepper fruit and extracting the crushed wild pepper fruit with an organic solvent to obtain 1kg of dry powder/kg.
6. The wild pepper nematicide according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the organic solvent extraction is ultrasonic extraction, the extraction temperature is 30 ℃, the extraction time is 0.5-1 hour, and the mass ratio of the crushed wild pepper fruit to the organic solvent is 1 (5-10);
the particle size of the crushed mountain pepper fruits is 1-5 mm; the organic solvent is methanol.
7. The wild pepper nematicide according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the nematicide is in the form of an emulsifiable concentrate, and the adjuvant of the emulsifiable concentrate comprises:
organic solvent: 40% -80%, surfactant: 5-30 percent, the sum of the weight percentages of the raw materials is 100 percent;
the organic solvent is one or a mixture of more of ethyl acetate, cyclohexanone, methyl oleate, ethanol, methanol, dimethylformamide and isopropanol;
the surfactant is one or more of alkyl benzene sulfonate, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether polyoxypropylene ether and similar substances thereof, an addition product of castor oil and ethylene oxide and an aralkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether formaldehyde condensation product.
8. The wild pepper nematicide of claim 4 or 5, wherein the nematicide is in the form of a soluble liquid formulation, and the adjuvant of the soluble liquid formulation comprises:
organic solvent: 0-30%, surfactant: 5% -30%, antifreeze: 4 to 10 percent of water, and the balance of water, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the main component and the auxiliary agent is 100 percent;
the organic solvent is one or a mixture of more of ethyl acetate, cyclohexanone, methyl oleate, ethanol, methanol, dimethylformamide and isopropanol;
the surfactant is one or a mixture of a plurality of alkyl benzene sulfonate, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether polyoxypropylene ether and similar substances thereof, addition product of castor oil and ethylene oxide and aralkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether formaldehyde condensation compound;
the antifreezing agent is ethylene glycol or glycerol.
9. The wild pepper nematicide according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the nematicide is in the form of a microemulsion, and the adjuvant of the microemulsion comprises:
organic solvent: 0-30%, surfactant: 5% -20%, antifreeze: 5-10 percent of water, and the balance of water, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the main component and the auxiliary agent is 100 percent;
the organic solvent is one or a mixture of more of ethyl acetate, cyclohexanone, methyl oleate, ethanol, methanol, dimethylformamide and isopropanol;
the surfactant is one or a mixture of a plurality of alkyl benzene sulfonate, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether polyoxypropylene ether and similar substances thereof, addition product of castor oil and ethylene oxide and aralkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether formaldehyde condensation compound;
the antifreezing agent is ethylene glycol or glycerol.
10. The process for preparing a nematicide of mountain pepper according to any one of claims 4 to 9, comprising:
A. crushing the mountain pepper fruits to a coarse crushed material with the particle size of 1-5 mm;
B. b, leaching the coarse crushed material obtained in the step A by using methanol, wherein the mass ratio of the coarse crushed material to the methanol is 1 (5-10), the extraction mode is an ultrasonic extraction method, the extraction temperature is 30 ℃, the extraction time is 0.5-1 hour, the extraction is repeated for three times, and the extract is concentrated in vacuum to be equivalent to 1kg of dry powder/kg of concentrated solution;
C. and C, mixing the concentrated solution obtained in the step B with an auxiliary agent according to the formula amount to obtain the nematicide with various dosage forms.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117441746A (en) * | 2023-10-26 | 2024-01-26 | 河北科技师范学院 | Application of mountain pepper alcohol extract in killing agricultural pests and/or preparing broad-spectrum biological control product |
| CN117441746B (en) * | 2023-10-26 | 2024-06-28 | 河北科技师范学院 | Application of mountain pepper alcohol extract in killing agricultural pests and/or preparing broad-spectrum biological control product |
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| CN117441746B (en) * | 2023-10-26 | 2024-06-28 | 河北科技师范学院 | Application of mountain pepper alcohol extract in killing agricultural pests and/or preparing broad-spectrum biological control product |
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