CN102715050A - Field crop three-dimensional film mulching method and film mulching tool adopting by field crop three-dimensional film mulching method - Google Patents
Field crop three-dimensional film mulching method and film mulching tool adopting by field crop three-dimensional film mulching method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102715050A CN102715050A CN2012101910950A CN201210191095A CN102715050A CN 102715050 A CN102715050 A CN 102715050A CN 2012101910950 A CN2012101910950 A CN 2012101910950A CN 201210191095 A CN201210191095 A CN 201210191095A CN 102715050 A CN102715050 A CN 102715050A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a field crop three-dimensional film mulching method, wherein according to the film mulching method, the supporting and film mulching are carried out on overground parts of crops, and a three-dimension space is formed around the crops mulched with films. The film mulching method comprises the following steps that (1) a film mulching frame cover is used for realizing the three-dimension coverage on young seedlings: a, a framework, a plastic film and a frame cover are combined, and in addition, the film mulching frame cover is obtained; b, the field transportation and the field pre-arrangement of the film mulching frame cover are carried out; c, young seedling transplanting or seeding is carried out, and in addition, the film mulching frame cover covers on the young seedlings or seeds; and d, film breaking and ventilation are carried out; and (2) the film mulching frame cover is recovered and utilized: e, the film mulching frame cover is removed in the field; and f, the plastic film on the film mulching frame cover is dismounted, in addition, the framework and the frame cover are singly recovered and placed for later use, and the plastic films are recovered for realizing the waste material utilization. The invention changes the traditional film mulching technology. The method has the advantages that the structure is simple, the use is convenient, the cost is low, the work intensity is greatly reduced, the environment is favorably protected, white pollution is reduced, the heat insulation and moisture preservation effects are good, the disease and pest protection is favorably realized, in addition, the yield of crops is increased, and the quality is improved.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the film-mulching technique field of crops, relate in particular to three-dimensional film covering method of a kind of field crop and overlay film apparatus thereof.
Background technology:
Film-mulching technique or plastic film mulching cultivation are about to transparent plastic film and cover ground, sowing and protection crops growth of seedling under film; Treat to open film after the temperature commentaries on classics is warmed up, seedling is changed under the normal climate condition grow.Plastic mulching cultivation technology is since 1979 introduce from Japan, and more than 30 province, city and region in the whole nation comprises large scale application on 40 multiple kinds of crops of tobacco, to the nineties in 20th century China crops plastic-film-covered cultivation area reach more than 6,000 ten thousand mu.Particularly in the high and cold area that cools, plastic mulching crop yield upgrading effect is more remarkable, through Application and Development research for many years, has formed plastic mulching cultivation technology system with Chinese characteristics.The crops plastic-film-covered cultivation has become important measures of world agriculture raising the output.China's plastic-film-covered cultivation develops into the Plain, outskirts of a town from the area that cools; Expand grain, cotton, the large cereal crops of wet goods and economic crops to from fruit trees and vegetables; Significantly increased cropping index; Suitable planting from various crop to temperature restriction area that opened up is regional, has significantly improved efficiency and has improved product quality, for outstanding contributions have been made in the China's agricultural modernization construction.
Along with the extensive use of film-mulching technique, it is found that the crop field film mulching and planting creating to agricultural production outside many benefits, bring many contradictions that are difficult to overcome also for the crop production process.At first, reciprocal 1 year film mulching and planting repeatedly can cause farmland mulch film residual contamination, forms the farmland and progressively accumulates serious " white pollution " problem; The 2nd, plastic film mulching cultivation is when improving ground temperature; Cause consuming excessively of soil nutrient; Especially the soil organic matter consumes the disorder with soil microflora excessively; Cause potential pressure for the lasting supply of soil fertility and the sustainable development of soil productivity, culture underglass makes soil be barren trend year after year; The 3rd, surface temperature excessively raises and causes the shallow-layer of crop root growth to distribute, and causes root system development bad to crop growth, and nutrient absorption scope shallow-layerization has a strong impact on the raising of crop quality; The 4th, in the excessive and sticking heavy area of soil of humidity in early stage, plastic mulching operating difficulties, mechanization overlay film are difficult to realize; Overlay film need be concentrated the work input of labor; (or sowing) often occurring transplanting can not in time cover, and causes the field short time low temperature environment of (a day or several days), and guiding low-temperature sensitive crop in early stage generative growth phase in advance; The early blossoming phenomenon occurs (tobacco) generally takes place, make the quality of plastic mulching and effect be difficult to guarantee; The 5th, plastic mulching is shorter to the cover time of transplanting seedling, is example with tall and big crops such as tobaccos, and the guard time of transplanting (first overlay film after-opening is transplanted) on the film is shorter, and can not reach whole strain protection effect; Film transplanting down (transplanting the back overlay film earlier) need be deep-cut the cave and transplanted; Growth time under film is shorter equally; And open film and put seedling and often cause the seedling sun to burn, form the secondary seedling-slowing stage of long period, run into accidental microthermal climate; Also the secondary chilling injury can occur, cause than limitations with the improvement quality improving output.
Traditional film-mulching technique, promptly behind the making ridge of farmland, with machinery or manpower covering with plastic film, the soil block compacting is used at the mulch film two ends on ridge.Seedling, covering with plastic film on seedling are then transplanted by this occupation mode or elder generation on the ridge; Covering with plastic film on the ridge is scratched the hole, then in its hole of sprigging on the mulch film earlier.Before press seedling during kind mode overlay film easily, cause the seedling rod bending even fracture, and then dead, cause plant gap vacancy.A kind of mode in back is scratched mulch film and is opened, and heat insulation effect is bad, is unfavorable for that crop grows up.And this film mulching method is a ridge of plastic mulching or a panel region often, and growth early stage, epidemic situation was wayward in case a certain plant catches an illness.In addition, when mulch film was taken out, the mulch film of being pushed down by soil block was difficult for taking out, and causes the field to have a large amount of mulch film fragments, causes white pollution.
In view of above-mentioned technical problem, it is a kind of simple in structure, easy to use to press for appearance; With low cost; Significantly reduce labour intensity, be beneficial to environmental protection, reduce white pollution; High insulating effect helps the epidemic situation protection and is beneficial to three-dimensional film covering method of a kind of field crop of improving crop yield and overlay film apparatus thereof.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming that exists in the prior art, a kind of traditional film coating technique method of overturning is provided at present, provide a kind of simple in structure; Easy to use, with low cost, significantly reduce labour intensity; Be beneficial to environmental protection; Reduce white pollution, high insulating effect helps the epidemic situation protection and is beneficial to three-dimensional film covering method of a kind of field crop of improving crop yield and overlay film apparatus thereof.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides the three-dimensional film covering method of a kind of field crop, said film covering method is that overlay film is supported on crop field top, possesses solid space around the crop of overlay film, specifically comprises the steps:
(1) the overlay film mask covers for the solid of seedling:
A, group frame, plastic foil and mask, and obtain the overlay film mask;
The field transportation of b, overlay film mask is preset with the field;
C, transplant seedling (or sowing), and the overlay film mask is covered on the seedling (or seed);
D, rupture of membranes ventilate.
Further comprise the steps:
(2) recycling of overlay film mask:
The field of e, overlay film mask removes;
F, remove the plastic foil on the overlay film mask, and framework and mask are reclaimed placement separately, for future use; Plastic foil is reclaimed twice laid;
Step a is: large stretch of plastic foil is cut into etc. big square or circular, and the plastic foil after will cutting covers on the framework, and then mask is enclosed within the bottom of framework, and mask is pushed down the edge of plastic foil, promptly obtains the overlay film mask.
Step b is: the overlay film mask is plugged together each other link together; With 100 (or as required) overlay film masks is one group; The unification of many group overlay film masks is transported to the field, and every 50-100 rice (according to the density needs) is placed one group of overlay film mask, prepares for transplanting seedling (or sowing).
Step e is: sprigging (or sowing) to the field, is covered in the overlay film mask on the seedling (or seed) then, with the mask compacting of soil with base of frame, make seedling apart from overlay film mask top 8-15cm.
Steps d is: when treating that seedling is delayed seedling (seed germination) back and grows near overlay film mask top, with the plastic foil perforate at overlay film mask top, carry out rupture of membranes and ventilate.
Step e is: after treating that crop gets into prosperous length, the overlay film mask is removed, step f is again: the plastic foil on the overlay film mask is torn unified the collection and recycling, mask is taken off from framework, mask and framework are placed separately, in order to reusing.
For better realizing the object of the invention, the invention also discloses the overlay film apparatus of the three-dimensional film covering method of a kind of field crop, comprise framework and plastic foil; Wherein, further be socketed with mask on the said framework, said framework upper is provided with the top annulus; Said framework bottom is provided with the bottom annulus; Be provided with 3-4 root support column between said top annulus and the said bottom annulus, said support column and said top annulus are fixedly connected between the annulus of said bottom; Said plastic foil is coated on the said framework, and said mask covers the outside of said plastic foil and said framework.
The diameter of said top annulus is less than the diameter of bottom annulus, and said framework is round table-like, and the diameter of said mask is slightly less than the diameter of bottom annulus.
The three-dimensional film covering method of field crop is in the application in breed of crop field, and during application, the overlay film apparatus is a terrace with edge, cylinder or square body.
The present invention is particularly useful for the three-dimensional overlay film of individual plant crop, and the meaning of said individual plant is: a single cave, promptly plant a strain or many strains crop on the ridge in the pitting.
Advantage of the present invention is: overturn traditional film covering method, the present invention is simple in structure, and is easy to use; With low cost, significantly reduce labour intensity, be beneficial to environmental protection; Reduce white pollution, heat and moisture preserving is effective, helps the protection of disease worm and be beneficial to improving crop yield and improving quality.Be specially:
The key problem in technology that three-dimensional film covers, in view of the problem that film-mulching technique exists, the present invention adopt the support frame mode to realize field crops (low-density high yield plants such as tobacco, melon and valuable nursery stock) mulch film is three-dimensional covers.Upper base (top annulus) diameter that steel wire (iron wire) welds or plastics are processed that is about to making is little; The big rounding bench-type framework of (bottom annulus) diameter (or process difform framework according to the characteristics of cover crop) (like figure) of going to the bottom; And add mask (steel wire or plastics) at the larger caliber place and block mulch film; Use the circle overcoat to clamp mulch film then, process and be convenient to FOLD AND PACK, be convenient to transport, be convenient to cover the covering with plastic film basket cover of use.The technology that three-dimensional film covers can realize the batch production production of support frame, the repeated use for many years of support frame; Realize the reach of overlay film extensive work, every year at slack seasons between in advance overlay film make, realize that once investment uses (except the mulch film) for many years.Film model with improvement, batch production are processed the shaping membrane bag that basket frame uses of being convenient to of different model, improve the operating efficiency of mantle, save the plastics usage amount, realize the efficient energy-saving target.During use, will make overlay film basket cover and place the field in advance, and treat directly to be buckled in above the seedling after plant seedling (cigarette seedling, tomato seedling, sapling etc.) is transplanted, and compress (preventing that strong wind from blowing) with native its outer edges to get final product; Along with plant strain growth and temperature raise, can progressively increase and ventilate at top end opening, remove the film of opening that covers under the film from and delay the seedling link, when ambient temperature reaches plant strain growth requirement (or plant is covered with the basket cover), can remove folding recovery that be nested together one by one.
Major advantage:
(1) support frame simplicity of design, batch production production, with low cost, (repeatedly) recycles for many years;
(2) realize that batch production processes the shaping membrane bag that basket frame uses of being convenient to of different model, or winter (free time) artificial fixedly mulch film, fold convenient transportation, the field is simple;
(3) cover conveniently, realize the purpose that covers while transplanting;
(4) can realize plastic film mulching cultivation at sticking weight of soil and the bigger area of water content;
(5) save the cover time and reduce labour intensity;
(6) form land for growing field crops plant early growth than large space;
(7) can realize the field heat and moisture preserving effect of long period;
(8) improve field overwrite job efficient;
(9) eliminate the field mulch film fully and pollute (white pollution);
(10) keep the field soil natural environment, the soil nutrient of avoiding general plastic mulching to cause consumes excessively, keeps the nature of rhizospheric microorganism;
(11) labour intensity and the recruitment quantity of plastic mulching have been reduced in a large number;
(12) reach good isolation insect protected in early stage, protection effect.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of framework of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of mask of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the sketch map of plastic foil.
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of film covering method of the present invention.
The accompanying drawing sign:
1, support column 2, top annulus 3, bottom annulus
4, mask 5, plastic foil
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be described.
Like Fig. 1-shown in Figure 4, the invention provides the three-dimensional film covering method of a kind of field crop, film covering method is that overlay film is supported on crop field top, possesses solid space around the crop of overlay film, specifically comprises the steps:
(1) the overlay film mask covers for the solid of seedling:
A, group frame, plastic foil and mask, and obtain the overlay film mask;
The field transportation of b, overlay film mask is preset with the field;
C, transplant seedling (or sowing), and the overlay film mask is covered on the seedling (or seed);
D, rupture of membranes ventilate.
Further comprise the steps:
(2) recycling of overlay film mask:
The field of e, overlay film mask removes;
F, remove the plastic foil on the overlay film mask, and framework and mask are reclaimed placement separately, for future use; Plastic foil is reclaimed twice laid;
Step a is: large stretch of plastic foil is cut into etc. big square or circular, and the plastic foil after will cutting covers on the framework, and then mask is enclosed within the bottom of framework, and mask is pushed down the edge of plastic foil, promptly obtains the overlay film mask.
Step b is: the overlay film mask is plugged together each other linking together, is one group with 100 (or as required) overlay film masks, organizes the unification of overlay film mask more and is transported to the field, and every 50-100 rice is placed one group of overlay film mask, prepares for transplanting seedling (or sowing).
Step c is: sprigging (or sowing) to the field, is covered in the overlay film mask on the seedling (seed) then, with the mask compacting of soil with base of frame, make seedling apart from overlay film mask top 8-15cm.
Steps d is: when treating that seedling is delayed seedling (seed germination) back and grows near overlay film mask top, with the plastic foil perforate at overlay film mask top, carry out rupture of membranes and ventilate.
Step e is: after treating that crop gets into prosperous length, the overlay film mask is removed, step f is again: the plastic foil on the overlay film mask is torn unified the collection and the recovery twice laid, mask is taken off from framework, mask and framework are placed separately, in order to reusing.
For better realizing the object of the invention, the invention also discloses the overlay film apparatus of the three-dimensional film covering method of a kind of field crop, comprise framework and plastic foil 5; Wherein, further be socketed with mask 4 on the framework, framework upper is provided with top annulus 2; The framework bottom is provided with bottom annulus 3; Be provided with 3-4 root support column 1 between top annulus 2 and the bottom annulus 3, support column 1 and top annulus 2 are fixedly connected between the bottom annulus 3; Plastic foil 5 is coated on the framework, and mask 4 covers the outside of plastic foil 5 and framework.The diameter of top annulus 2 is less than the diameter of bottom annulus 3, and it is round table-like that framework is, and the diameter of mask 4 is slightly less than the diameter of bottom annulus 3.The three-dimensional film covering method of field crop is in the application in breed of crop field, and during application, the overlay film apparatus is a terrace with edge, cylinder or square body.
The present invention overturns traditional film coating technique method, and the present invention is simple in structure, and is easy to use; With low cost, significantly reduce labour intensity, be beneficial to environmental protection; Reduce white pollution, heat and moisture preserving is effective, helps the protection of disease worm and be beneficial to improving crop yield and improving the quality.The key problem in technology that three-dimensional film of the present invention covers, in view of the problem that film-mulching technique exists, the present invention adopt the support frame mode to realize field crops (low-density high yield crops such as tobacco, melon and valuable nursery stock) mulch film is three-dimensional covers.Upper base (top annulus) diameter that steel wire (iron wire) welds or plastics are processed that is about to making is little; The big rounding bench-type framework of (bottom annulus) diameter (or process difform framework according to the characteristics of cover crop) (like figure) of going to the bottom; And add mask (steel wire or plastics) at the larger caliber place and block mulch film; Use the circle overcoat to clamp mulch film then, process and be convenient to FOLD AND PACK, be convenient to transport, be convenient to cover the covering with plastic film basket cover of use.The technology that three-dimensional film covers can realize the batch production production of support frame, the repeated use for many years of support frame; Realize the reach of overlay film extensive work, every year at slack seasons between in advance overlay film make, realize that once investment uses (except the mulch film) for many years.Film model with improvement, batch production are processed the shaping membrane bag that framework uses of being convenient to of different model, improve the operating efficiency of mantle, save the plastics usage amount, realize the efficient energy-saving target.During use, will make overlay film basket cover and place the field in advance, and treat directly to be buckled in above the seedling after plant seedling (cigarette seedling, tomato seedling, sapling etc.) is transplanted, and compress (preventing that strong wind from blowing) with the soil block its outer edges to get final product; Along with plant strain growth and temperature raise, can progressively increase and ventilate at top end opening, remove the film of opening that covers under the film from and delay the seedling link, when ambient temperature reached plant strain growth requirement (or plant is covered with mask), the folding recovery one by one can be nested together.
Claims (10)
1. the three-dimensional film covering method of field crop is characterized in that, said film covering method is that overlay film is supported on crop field top, possesses solid space around the crop of overlay film, specifically comprises the steps:
(1) the overlay film mask covers for the solid of seedling:
A, group frame, plastic foil and mask, and obtain the overlay film mask;
The field transportation of b, overlay film mask is preset with the field;
C, transplant seedling or sowing, and the overlay film mask is covered on seedling or the seed;
D, rupture of membranes ventilate.
2. according to the three-dimensional film covering method of the said field crop of claim 1, it is characterized in that, further comprise the steps:
(2) recycling of overlay film mask:
The field of e, overlay film mask removes;
F, remove the plastic foil on the overlay film mask, and framework and mask are reclaimed placement separately, for future use; The plastic foil waste recovery is utilized.
3. according to the three-dimensional film covering method of the said field crop of claim 1; It is characterized in that; Step a is: large stretch of plastic foil is cut into etc. big square or circular, and the plastic foil after will cutting covers on the framework, and then mask is enclosed within the bottom of framework; Mask is pushed down the edge of plastic foil, promptly obtains the overlay film mask.
4. according to the three-dimensional film covering method of the said field crop of claim 1; It is characterized in that; Step b is: the overlay film mask is plugged together each other linking together, is one group with 100 overlay film masks, organizes the unification of overlay film mask more and is transported to the field; Every 50-100 rice is placed one group of overlay film mask, prepares for transplanting seedling or sowing.
5. according to the three-dimensional film covering method of the said field crop of claim 1; It is characterized in that step c is:, then the overlay film mask is covered on seedling or the seed with sprigging or be seeded into the field; With the mask compacting of soil, make seedling apart from overlay film mask top 8-15cm with base of frame.
6. according to the three-dimensional film covering method of the said field crop of claim 1, it is characterized in that steps d is: treat behind slow seedling of seedling or the seed germination and when growing to,, carry out rupture of membranes and ventilate with the plastic foil perforate at overlay film mask top near overlay film mask top.
7. according to the three-dimensional film covering method of the said field crop of claim 2; It is characterized in that step e is: after treating that crop gets into prosperous length, again the overlay film mask is removed; Step f is: the plastic foil on the overlay film mask is torn the unified twice laid of collecting and reclaim; Mask is taken off from framework, mask and framework are placed separately, in order to reusing.
8. the overlay film apparatus like the three-dimensional film covering method of the arbitrary said field crop of claim 1-7 comprises framework and plastic foil, it is characterized in that; Further be socketed with mask on the said framework; Said framework upper is provided with the top annulus, and said framework bottom is provided with the bottom annulus, is provided with 3-4 root support column between said top annulus and the said bottom annulus; Said support column and said top annulus are fixedly connected between the annulus of said bottom; Said plastic foil is coated on the said framework, and said mask covers the outside of said plastic foil and said framework.
9. the overlay film apparatus of the three-dimensional film covering method of said according to Claim 8 field crop is characterized in that the diameter of said top annulus is less than the diameter of bottom annulus, and said framework is round table-like, and the diameter of said mask is slightly less than the diameter of bottom annulus.
10. one kind like the application of the three-dimensional film covering method of the arbitrary said field crop of claim 1-9 in the arviculture field, and during application, the overlay film apparatus is a terrace with edge, cylinder or square body.
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| CN 201210191095 CN102715050B (en) | 2012-06-01 | 2012-06-01 | Field crop three-dimensional film mulching method and film mulching tool thereof |
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| CN 201210191095 CN102715050B (en) | 2012-06-01 | 2012-06-01 | Field crop three-dimensional film mulching method and film mulching tool thereof |
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| CN102715050B CN102715050B (en) | 2013-12-25 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110291950A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-10-01 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | A kind of tobacco solid method for transplanting based on liquid-state mulch film |
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- 2012-06-01 CN CN 201210191095 patent/CN102715050B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5423148A (en) * | 1992-12-29 | 1995-06-13 | Thornhill; Michael | Reversible plant cage/greenhouse |
| CN2214736Y (en) * | 1994-11-08 | 1995-12-13 | 田玉林 | Frost-proof plastic cover |
| CN2545820Y (en) * | 2001-12-31 | 2003-04-23 | 覃上峻 | Fruit trees high-yield early-maturing protector |
| CN2774124Y (en) * | 2005-03-09 | 2006-04-26 | 王生生 | Small arch greenhouse rack for crops during seedling growing |
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| CN110291950A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-10-01 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | A kind of tobacco solid method for transplanting based on liquid-state mulch film |
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