CN102715050B - Field crop three-dimensional film mulching method and film mulching tool thereof - Google Patents
Field crop three-dimensional film mulching method and film mulching tool thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102715050B CN102715050B CN 201210191095 CN201210191095A CN102715050B CN 102715050 B CN102715050 B CN 102715050B CN 201210191095 CN201210191095 CN 201210191095 CN 201210191095 A CN201210191095 A CN 201210191095A CN 102715050 B CN102715050 B CN 102715050B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a field crop three-dimensional film mulching method, wherein according to the film mulching method, the supporting and film mulching are carried out on overground parts of crops, and a three-dimension space is formed around the crops mulched with films. The film mulching method comprises the following steps that (1) a film mulching frame cover is used for realizing the three-dimension coverage on young seedlings: a, a framework, a plastic film and a frame cover are combined, and in addition, the film mulching frame cover is obtained; b, the field transportation and the field pre-arrangement of the film mulching frame cover are carried out; c, young seedling transplanting or seeding is carried out, and in addition, the film mulching frame cover covers on the young seedlings or seeds; and d, film breaking and ventilation are carried out; and (2) the film mulching frame cover is recovered and utilized: e, the film mulching frame cover is removed in the field; and f, the plastic film on the film mulching frame cover is dismounted, in addition, the framework and the frame cover are singly recovered and placed for later use, and the plastic films are recovered for realizing the waste material utilization. The invention changes the traditional film mulching technology. The method has the advantages that the structure is simple, the use is convenient, the cost is low, the work intensity is greatly reduced, the environment is favorably protected, white pollution is reduced, the heat insulation and moisture preservation effects are good, the disease and pest protection is favorably realized, in addition, the yield of crops is increased, and the quality is improved.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the film-mulching technique field of crops, relate in particular to the three-dimensional film covering method of a kind of field crop and overlay film apparatus thereof.
Background technology:
Film-mulching technique or plastic film mulching cultivation, be about to transparent plastic film and cover ground, sows and protect the crops growth of seedling under film; Turn after warm and open film until temperature, seedling is proceeded under the normal climate condition and grow.Since plastic mulching cultivation technology was introduced from Japan from 1979, in more than 30 province, city and region in the whole nation, comprised large scale application on 40 multiple kinds of crops of tobacco, to the nineties in 20th century China's crop film-coating area under cultivation reach more than 6,000 ten thousand mu.Particularly, in the high and cold area that cools, plastic mulching crop yield upgrading effect is more remarkable, through Application and Development research for many years, has formed plastic mulching cultivation technology system with Chinese characteristics.The crop film-coating cultivation has become important measures of world agriculture volume increase.China's plastic-film-covered cultivation is from the regional development that cools to the Plain, outskirts of a town, expand grain, cotton, the large cereal crops of wet goods and economic crops to from fruit trees and vegetables, significantly increased cropping index, opened up the suitable planting zone of various crop to the temperature limiting area, significantly improved efficiency and improved product quality, for outstanding contributions have been made in the China's agricultural modernization construction.
Along with the extensive use of film-mulching technique, it is found that the crop field film mulching and planting creating to agricultural production outside many benefits, bring the much contradiction that is difficult to overcome also to the crop production process.At first, the repeatedly film mulching and planting of reciprocal a year can cause farmland mulch film residual contamination, forms farmland and progressively accumulates serious " white pollution " problem; The 2nd, plastic film mulching cultivation is when improving ground temperature, cause consuming excessively of soil nutrient, especially the soil organic matter consumes the disorder with soil microflora excessively, cause potential pressure to the lasting supply of soil fertility and the sustainable development of soil productivity, culture underglass makes soil be barren trend year after year; The 3rd, surface temperature excessively raises and causes the shallow-layer of crop root growth to distribute, and to crop growth, causes root system development bad, and nutrient absorption scope shallow-layer, have a strong impact on the raising of crop quality; The 4th, in the excessive area of with soil, gluing weight of humidity in early stage, the plastic mulching operating difficulties, the mechanization overlay film is difficult to realize, overlay film need to be concentrated and expend a large amount of work inputs, (or sowing) often occurring transplanting can not cover in time, causes the field short time low temperature environment of (a day or several days), and guiding low-temperature sensitive crop in early stage generative growth phase in advance, occur that (tobacco) generally occurs the early blossoming phenomenon, make the quality of plastic mulching and effect be difficult to guarantee; The 5th, plastic mulching is shorter to the cover time of transplanting seedling, and the contour large crop of the tobacco of take is example, and the guard time of transplanting (first overlay film after-opening is transplanted) on film is shorter, and can not reach whole strain protection effect; Transplant (overlay film after first transplanting) under film and need to deep-cut the cave transplanting, growth time under film is shorter equally, and open film and put seedling and often cause the seedling sun to burn, form the secondary seedling-slowing stage of long period, run into accidental microthermal climate, also there will be the secondary chilling injury, to improving output and improving quality and cause larger restriction.
Traditional film-mulching technique, after the making ridge of farmland, is used machinery or manpower covering with plastic film, the soil block compacting of mulch film two ends on ridge.This occupation mode or first seedling, the then covering with plastic film on seedling transplanted on ridge; First covering with plastic film on ridge, then scratch hole, in by its hole of sprigging on mulch film.Easily press seedling during front kind of mode overlay film, cause the seedling rod bending even to fracture, so dead, cause plant gap vacancy.Rear a kind of mode is scratched mulch film to open, and heat insulation effect is bad, is unfavorable for that crop grows up.And this film mulching method is ridge of plastic mulching or a panel region often, once growth a certain plant in early stage catches an illness, epidemic situation is wayward.In addition, when mulch film is taken out, the mulch film of being pushed down by soil block is difficult for taking out, and causes field to have a large amount of mulch film fragments, causes white pollution.
In view of above-mentioned technical problem; a kind of simple in structure in the urgent need to occurring; easy to use; with low cost; greatly reduce labour intensity, be beneficial to environmental protection, reduce white pollution; high insulating effect, be conducive to the epidemic situation protection and be beneficial to the three-dimensional film covering method of a kind of field crop of improving crop yield and overlay film apparatus thereof.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming existed in prior art; a kind of traditional film coating technique method of overturning now is provided; provide a kind of simple in structure; easy to use, with low cost, greatly reduce labour intensity; be beneficial to environmental protection; reduce white pollution, high insulating effect, be conducive to the epidemic situation protection and be beneficial to the three-dimensional film covering method of a kind of field crop of improving crop yield and overlay film apparatus thereof.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides the three-dimensional film covering method of a kind of field crop, described film covering method is that crop field top sub-support overlay film, possess solid space around the crop of overlay film, specifically comprises the steps:
(1) the overlay film mask covers for the solid of seedling:
A, group frame, plastic foil and mask, and obtain the overlay film mask;
The field transportation of b, overlay film mask is preset with field;
C, transplanting seedling (or sowing), and the overlay film mask is covered on seedling (or seed);
D, rupture of membranes ventilate.
Further comprise the steps:
(2) recycling of overlay film mask:
The field of e, overlay film mask removes;
Plastic foil on f, dismounting overlay film mask, and framework and mask are reclaimed separately to placement, for future use; Plastic foil is reclaimed to twice laid;
Step a is: large stretch of plastic foil is cut into etc. large square or circular, and the plastic foil after cutting is covered on framework, and then mask is enclosed within to the bottom of framework, mask is pushed down the edge of plastic foil, obtains the overlay film mask.
Step b is: the overlay film mask is plugged together and links together each other, 100 (or as required) the overlay film masks of take are one group, the unification of many group overlay film masks is transported to field, every 50-100 rice (according to the density needs) is placed one group of overlay film mask, for transplanting seedling (or sowing), prepares.
Step e is: sprigging (or sowing), to field, is then covered in the overlay film mask to seedling (or seed) upper, with soil, by the mask compacting of base of frame, make seedling apart from overlay film mask top 8-15cm.
Steps d is: after the slow seedling (seed germination) of seedling and grow to while approaching overlay film mask top, by the plastic foil perforate at overlay film mask top, carry out the rupture of membranes ventilation.
Step e is: after crop enters prosperous length, then the overlay film mask is removed, step f is: the plastic foil on the overlay film mask is torn to unification and collect and recycle, mask is taken off from framework, mask and framework are placed separately, in order to reusing.
Purpose to better implement the present invention, the invention also discloses the overlay film apparatus of the three-dimensional film covering method of a kind of field crop, comprise framework and plastic foil, wherein, further be socketed with mask on described framework, described framework upper is provided with the top annulus, described framework bottom is provided with the bottom annulus, be provided with 3-4 root support column between described top annulus and described bottom annulus, described support column and described top annulus, be fixedly connected with between the annulus of described bottom; Described plastic foil is coated on described framework, and described mask covers the outside of described plastic foil and described framework.
The diameter of described top annulus is less than the diameter of bottom annulus, and described framework is round table-like, and the diameter of described mask is slightly less than the diameter of bottom annulus.
The three-dimensional film covering method of field crop is in the application in breed of crop field, and during application, the overlay film apparatus is terrace with edge, cylinder or square body.
The present invention is particularly useful for the three-dimensional overlay film of individual plant crop, and the meaning of described individual plant is: plant a strain or many strains crop on ，Ji ridge, a single cave in a pitting.
Advantage of the present invention is: overturn traditional film covering method, the present invention is simple in structure, easy to use; with low cost, greatly reduce labour intensity, be beneficial to environmental protection; reduce white pollution, heat and moisture preserving is effective, is conducive to the protection of disease worm and is beneficial to improve crop yield and modification quality.Be specially:
The key problem in technology that three-dimensional film covers, in view of the problem that film-mulching technique exists, the present invention adopt the support frame mode to realize field crops (the low-density high yield plants such as tobacco, melon and valuable nursery stock) mulch film is three-dimensional covers.Upper base (top annulus) diameter that steel wire (iron wire) welds or plastics are made that is about to making is little, the large rounding bench-type framework of (bottom annulus) diameter (or making difform framework according to the characteristics of cover crop) (as figure) of going to the bottom, and block mulch film at the additional mask in larger caliber place (steel wire or plastics), then mulch film is used the circle overcoat to clamp, make the covering with plastic film basket cover of being convenient to FOLD AND PACK, being convenient to transport, be convenient to cover use.The technology that three-dimensional film covers can realize the batch production production of support frame, the reusing for many years of support frame; Realize overlay film extensive work reach, every year at slack seasons between in advance overlay film make, realize that once investment used (except mulch film) for many years.Film model with improvement, the shaping membrane bag that basket frame is used of being convenient to of different model is made in batch production, improves the operating efficiency of mantle, saves the plastics usage amount, realizes the efficient energy-saving target.During use, will make overlay film basket cover and place in advance field, plant to be planted seedling (cigarette seedling, tomato seedling, sapling etc.) directly is buckled in above seedling after transplanting, and compresses (preventing that strong wind from blowing) by native its outer edges and gets final product; Along with plant strain growth and temperature raise, can progressively at top end opening, increase and ventilate, remove the film of opening covered under film from and delay the seedling link, when ambient temperature reaches plant strain growth requirement (or plant is covered with the basket cover), can remove folding recovery that be nested together one by one.
Major advantage:
(1) support frame simplicity of design, batch production production, with low cost, (repeatedly) recycles for many years;
(2) realize that batch production makes the shaping membrane bag that basket frame is used of being convenient to of different model, or winter (free time) artificial fixing mulch film, folding convenient transportation, field is simple;
(3) cover conveniently, realize the purpose that transplanting limit, limit covers;
(4) plastic film mulching cultivation can be realized in and water content larger area heavily sticky at soil;
(5) save the cover time and reduce labour intensity;
(6) form the larger space of land for growing field crops plant early growth;
(7) can realize the field heat and moisture preserving effect of long period;
(8) improve field overwrite job efficiency;
(9) eliminate field Plastic-film pollution (white pollution) fully;
(10) keep the field soil natural environment, the soil nutrient of avoiding general plastic mulching to cause consumes excessively, keeps the nature of rhizospheric microorganism;
(11) labour intensity and the recruitment quantity of plastic mulching have been reduced in a large number;
(12) reach good isolation insect protected, protection effect of early stage.
The accompanying drawing explanation:
The structural representation that Fig. 1 is framework of the present invention.
The structural representation that Fig. 2 is mask of the present invention.
The schematic diagram that Fig. 3 is plastic foil.
The flow chart that Fig. 4 is film covering method of the present invention.
The accompanying drawing sign:
1, support column 2, top annulus 3, bottom annulus
4, mask 5, plastic foil
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be described.
As Figure 1-Figure 4, the invention provides the three-dimensional film covering method of a kind of field crop, film covering method is that crop field top sub-support overlay film, possess solid space around the crop of overlay film, specifically comprises the steps:
(1) the overlay film mask covers for the solid of seedling:
A, group frame, plastic foil and mask, and obtain the overlay film mask;
The field transportation of b, overlay film mask is preset with field;
C, transplanting seedling (or sowing), and the overlay film mask is covered on seedling (or seed);
D, rupture of membranes ventilate.
Further comprise the steps:
(2) recycling of overlay film mask:
The field of e, overlay film mask removes;
Plastic foil on f, dismounting overlay film mask, and framework and mask are reclaimed separately to placement, for future use; Plastic foil is reclaimed to twice laid;
Step a is: large stretch of plastic foil is cut into etc. large square or circular, and the plastic foil after cutting is covered on framework, and then mask is enclosed within to the bottom of framework, mask is pushed down the edge of plastic foil, obtains the overlay film mask.
Step b is: the overlay film mask is plugged together and links together each other, 100 (or as required) the overlay film masks of take are one group, the unification of many group overlay film masks is transported to field, and every 50-100 rice is placed one group of overlay film mask, for transplanting seedling (or sowing), prepares.
Step c is: sprigging (or sowing), to field, is then covered in the overlay film mask to seedling (seed) upper, with soil, by the mask compacting of base of frame, make seedling apart from overlay film mask top 8-15cm.
Steps d is: after the slow seedling (seed germination) of seedling and grow to while approaching overlay film mask top, by the plastic foil perforate at overlay film mask top, carry out the rupture of membranes ventilation.
Step e is: after crop enters prosperous length, then the overlay film mask is removed, step f is: the plastic foil on the overlay film mask is torn to unification and collect and reclaim twice laid, mask is taken off from framework, mask and framework are placed separately, in order to reusing.
Purpose to better implement the present invention, the invention also discloses the overlay film apparatus of the three-dimensional film covering method of a kind of field crop, comprise framework and plastic foil 5, wherein, further be socketed with mask 4 on framework, framework upper is provided with top annulus 2, the framework bottom is provided with bottom annulus 3, be provided with 3-4 root support column 1 between top annulus 2 and bottom annulus 3, support column 1 and top annulus 2, be fixedly connected with between bottom annulus 3; Plastic foil 5 is coated on framework, and mask 4 covers the outside of plastic foil 5 and framework.The diameter of top annulus 2 is less than the diameter of bottom annulus 3, and it is round table-like that framework is, and the diameter of mask 4 is slightly less than the diameter of bottom annulus 3.The three-dimensional film covering method of field crop is in the application in breed of crop field, and during application, the overlay film apparatus is terrace with edge, cylinder or square body.
The present invention overturns traditional film coating technique method, and the present invention is simple in structure, easy to use; with low cost, greatly reduce labour intensity, be beneficial to environmental protection; reduce white pollution, heat and moisture preserving is effective, is conducive to the protection of disease worm and is beneficial to improve crop yield and improve quality.The key problem in technology that three-dimensional film of the present invention covers, in view of the problem that film-mulching technique exists, the present invention adopt the support frame mode to realize field crops (the low-density high yield crops such as tobacco, melon and valuable nursery stock) mulch film is three-dimensional covers.Upper base (top annulus) diameter that steel wire (iron wire) welds or plastics are made that is about to making is little, the large rounding bench-type framework of (bottom annulus) diameter (or making difform framework according to the characteristics of cover crop) (as figure) of going to the bottom, and block mulch film at the additional mask in larger caliber place (steel wire or plastics), then mulch film is used the circle overcoat to clamp, make the covering with plastic film basket cover of being convenient to FOLD AND PACK, being convenient to transport, be convenient to cover use.The technology that three-dimensional film covers can realize the batch production production of support frame, the reusing for many years of support frame; Realize overlay film extensive work reach, every year at slack seasons between in advance overlay film make, realize that once investment used (except mulch film) for many years.Film model with improvement, the shaping membrane bag that framework is used of being convenient to of different model is made in batch production, improves the operating efficiency of mantle, saves the plastics usage amount, realizes the efficient energy-saving target.During use, will make overlay film basket cover and place in advance field, plant to be planted seedling (cigarette seedling, tomato seedling, sapling etc.) directly is buckled in above seedling after transplanting, and compresses (preventing that strong wind from blowing) by the soil block its outer edges and gets final product; Along with plant strain growth and temperature raise, can progressively at top end opening, increase and ventilate, remove the film of opening covered under film from and delay the seedling link, when ambient temperature reaches plant strain growth requirement (or plant is covered with mask), the folding recovery one by one can be nested together.
Claims (1)
1. the three-dimensional film covering method of a field crop, it is characterized in that, described film covering method is, the three-dimensional overlay film of individual plant crop, described individual plant is: a single cave, be to plant a strain or many strains crop on ridge in a pitting: crop field top sub-support overlay film, possess solid space around the crop of overlay film, specifically comprise the steps:
(1) the overlay film mask covers for the solid of seedling:
A, group frame, plastic foil and mask, and obtain the overlay film mask;
The field transportation of b, overlay film mask is preset with field;
C, transplanting seedling or sowing, and the overlay film mask is covered on seedling or seed;
D, rupture of membranes ventilate;
Further comprise the steps:
(2) recycling of overlay film mask:
The field of e, overlay film mask removes;
Plastic foil on f, dismounting overlay film mask, and framework and mask are reclaimed separately to placement, for future use; By the plastic foil waste reclamation;
Step a is: large stretch of plastic foil is cut into etc. large square or circular, and the plastic foil after cutting is covered on framework, and then mask is enclosed within to the bottom of framework, mask is pushed down the edge of plastic foil, obtains the overlay film mask;
Step b is: the overlay film mask is plugged together and links together each other, take 100 overlay film masks as one group, organize the unification of overlay film mask more and be transported to field, every 50-100 rice is placed one group of overlay film mask, for transplanting seedling or sowing, prepares;
Step c is: by sprigging or be seeded into field, then the overlay film mask is covered on seedling or seed, with soil, by the mask compacting of base of frame, make seedling apart from overlay film mask top 8-15cm;
Steps d is: after the slow seedling of seedling or seed germination and grow to while approaching overlay film mask top, by the plastic foil perforate at overlay film mask top, carry out the rupture of membranes ventilation;
Step e is: after crop enters prosperous length, then the overlay film mask removed,
Step f is: the plastic foil on the overlay film mask is torn to unification and collect and reclaim twice laid, mask is taken off from framework, mask and framework are placed separately, in order to reusing;
Used the overlay film apparatus in described film covering method, overlay film comprises framework and plastic foil, it is characterized in that, further be socketed with mask on described framework, described framework upper is provided with the top annulus, and described framework bottom is provided with the bottom annulus, between described top annulus and described bottom annulus, is provided with 3-4 root support column, described support column and described top annulus, be fixedly connected with between the annulus of described bottom; Described plastic foil is coated on described framework, and described mask covers the outside of described plastic foil and described framework, and the diameter of described top annulus is less than the diameter of bottom annulus, and described framework is round table-like, and the diameter of described mask is slightly less than the diameter of bottom annulus.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 201210191095 CN102715050B (en) | 2012-06-01 | 2012-06-01 | Field crop three-dimensional film mulching method and film mulching tool thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 201210191095 CN102715050B (en) | 2012-06-01 | 2012-06-01 | Field crop three-dimensional film mulching method and film mulching tool thereof |
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| CN102715050B true CN102715050B (en) | 2013-12-25 |
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| CN110291950A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-10-01 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | A kind of tobacco solid method for transplanting based on liquid-state mulch film |
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| US5423148A (en) * | 1992-12-29 | 1995-06-13 | Thornhill; Michael | Reversible plant cage/greenhouse |
| CN2214736Y (en) * | 1994-11-08 | 1995-12-13 | 田玉林 | Frost-proof plastic cover |
| CN2545820Y (en) * | 2001-12-31 | 2003-04-23 | 覃上峻 | Fruit trees high-yield early-maturing protector |
| CN2774124Y (en) * | 2005-03-09 | 2006-04-26 | 王生生 | Small arch greenhouse rack for crops during seedling growing |
| CN201657665U (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2010-12-01 | 福建农林大学 | Plant antifreezing cover |
| CN202222216U (en) * | 2011-09-09 | 2012-05-23 | 天津市北方园林生态科学技术研究所 | Single plant protection cover |
| CN202663884U (en) * | 2012-06-01 | 2013-01-16 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Tool for vertically coating film on single plant of field crop |
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2012
- 2012-06-01 CN CN 201210191095 patent/CN102715050B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5423148A (en) * | 1992-12-29 | 1995-06-13 | Thornhill; Michael | Reversible plant cage/greenhouse |
| CN2214736Y (en) * | 1994-11-08 | 1995-12-13 | 田玉林 | Frost-proof plastic cover |
| CN2545820Y (en) * | 2001-12-31 | 2003-04-23 | 覃上峻 | Fruit trees high-yield early-maturing protector |
| CN2774124Y (en) * | 2005-03-09 | 2006-04-26 | 王生生 | Small arch greenhouse rack for crops during seedling growing |
| CN201657665U (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2010-12-01 | 福建农林大学 | Plant antifreezing cover |
| CN202222216U (en) * | 2011-09-09 | 2012-05-23 | 天津市北方园林生态科学技术研究所 | Single plant protection cover |
| CN202663884U (en) * | 2012-06-01 | 2013-01-16 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Tool for vertically coating film on single plant of field crop |
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