CN102711750A - 多环化合物作为抗aids剂的制药用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及选自巨大戟二萜醇、羊毛甾-8,24-二烯-3-醇化合物及其混合物的多环化合物作为抗-AIDS剂的制药用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明总体涉及多环化合物,即巨大戟二萜醇(ingenol)和羊毛甾-8,24-二烯-3-醇化合物及其混合物作为抗-AIDS剂的制药用途。
发明背景
获得性免疫缺陷综合症(又称艾滋病)是由人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)引起的人体免疫系统(HIV)的一种疾病。
该综合征渐进地降低免疫系统的效力,并使个体易受机会性感染和肿瘤影响。HIV通过粘膜的直接接触或包含病毒的体液如血液、精液、阴道液、尿道液和乳汁传播。
AIDS如今普遍流行。根据卫生组织的数据,在2007年,估计全球有33.2百万人具有该病,AIDS使估计2.1百万人丧命,包括330,000名儿童。
AIDS的病理生理学较复杂,通常伴随所有的综合症。HIV是首先感染人类免疫系统重要器官如CD4+ T细胞(T细胞的亚组)、巨噬细胞和树突细胞的逆转录病毒。它直接和间接地破坏CD4+ T细胞。T淋巴细胞对免疫反应很关键,没有他们,机体不能对抗感染或杀死癌细胞。这削弱免疫系统并允许机会性感染。
尽管有可以减缓病程的AIDS治疗方法,目前还没有公开可用的HIV疫苗或HIV或AIDS的治疗方法。已知唯一的预防方法是避免暴露于病毒,或者做不到这一点,在高度危险暴露后直接进行抗逆转录病毒治疗,被称为暴露后预防(PEP)。
抗逆转录病毒治疗降低HIV感染的死亡率和发病率,但这些药物昂贵并且抗逆转录病毒药物的常规应用不是适用于所有国家。它还有非常不适的副作用,包括腹泻、不适、恶心和疲劳。在缺乏抗逆转录病毒治疗的情况下,从HIV感染到AIDS进展的平均时间是几乎十年,根据HIV亚型,发生AIDS后的平均存活时间只有几个月。
当前HIV感染的治疗由高活性抗逆转录病毒疗法组成,通常,包括由属于至少有两个类型的抗逆转录病毒药物的至少三种药物组成的组合(或“鸡尾酒”)。
治疗的不依从与不持久是为什么有些人未从抗逆转录病毒疗法受益的主要原因。不依从与不持久的原因是多种多样的。主要社会心理问题包括难以获得医疗保健、社会支持不足、精神疾病和滥用药物。抗逆转录病毒疗法也可以是复杂的,因此很难依从频繁服用大量药丸。副作用也可以阻止人们坚持抗逆转录病毒治疗,这些包括脂肪代谢障碍、血脂异常、腹泻、胰岛素抵抗、心血管疾病风险的增加和出生缺陷。
自1987年以来,AZT和类似的核苷类似物的长期给药已经作为最常用的治疗开给AIDS患者以抑制人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)。自1990年以来,AZT也已经被开药给健康的HIV抗体阳性者以预防AIDS。原理在于以不抑制细胞DNA合成的剂量抑制HIV DNA合成(Chiu等:The toxicity ofazidothymidine (AZT) on human and animal cells in culture at concentrations used for antiviral therapy, Genetica 95:103-109,1995)。
然而,鉴于其固有的毒性和血液学毒性,AZT作为一种可接受的抗HIV药物已受到质疑(上面提到的Chiu等和Clotet等:Toxicity of Zidovudine (AZT) in patients with AIDS.Int Conf AIDS 4-9; 5:338 1989)。
一些独立的研究报道,AZT对培养的人体细胞有毒性,即半数抑制剂量(ID 50)范围为1-50nM。根据这些结果,在20-60 nM AZT治疗的人类中记录到威胁生命的毒性包括贫血、白细胞减少、恶心、肌肉萎缩、痴呆症、肝炎和死亡率,即AZT作为抗HIV药物的可取性可以重新考虑(上面提到的Chiu等)。
改善目前的治疗的研究包括降低现有药物的副作用、进一步简化药物方案以改善依从性以及确定治疗方案的最佳顺序以管理耐药性。
发明内容
本发明涉及巨大戟二萜醇(ingenol)和羊毛甾-8,24-二烯-3-醇化合物及其混合物或包含它们的组合物在无目前已知的缺点即毒性相关的情况下用于显著有效治疗AIDS的用途。
不排除任何其他的,适宜的巨大戟二萜醇化合物是3-(2,4,6–十二碳三烯酰基)巨大戟二萜醇、3-(2,4,6,8-十四碳四烯酰基)-巨大戟二萜醇、其药学可接受的盐、异构体、多晶型物、溶剂化物或水合物、前药或其代谢物中的一种或多种。
巨大戟二萜醇化合物可以例如从大戟科植物或通过化学合成获得,该途径与本发明无关。例如,可能根据国际专利公开WO 2007000618作为大戟科植物乳胶的极性溶剂提取物的级份提供足量的巨大戟二萜醇化合物。
不排除任何其他的,适宜的羊毛甾-8,24-二烯-3-醇是大戟二烯醇(euphol)(RN 514-47-6)、甘遂醇(tirucallol)(RN 514-46-5)和羊毛甾醇(lanosterol)(RN 79-63-0)、其药学可接受的盐、异构体、晶体和多晶型物、溶剂化物或水合物、前药或其代谢物中的一种或多种。羊毛甾-8,24-二烯-3-醇可以例如从大戟科植物或通过化学合成获得,该途径与本发明无关。
适宜的巨大戟二萜醇和羊毛甾-8,24-二烯-3-醇的混合物的范围为1:100-100:1,尤其是1:50-50:1,更尤其是1:10-10:1,更尤其是1:4-4:1。
因此,在第一个方面,本发明涉及巨大戟二萜醇(ingenol)和/或羊毛甾-8,24-二烯-3-醇化合物在制备用于抑制人类免疫缺陷病毒复制,即用于治疗HIV感染,AIDS的药物组合物的用途。
本发明的巨大戟二萜醇和羊毛甾-8,24-二烯-3-醇化合物、它们的混合物和本发明的包含它们的组合物,可以以任何适宜途径、肠内或肠胃外给药于需要治疗的受试者,包括口服、外用、透皮、皮下、腹膜内、静脉内、通过渗透、通过吸入、经皮、经粘膜、肌肉内、肺内、阴道、直肠、眼内和舌下。本发明的适宜的给药途径是局部和全身的(渗透、口服、喷雾吸入、经皮)。本发明的巨大戟二萜醇化合物可以包含在缓释或控释组合物中。已知的佐剂和赋形剂可以应用于包含巨大戟二萜醇化合物的组合物-用于本发明相关的组合物的药物剂量形式的参考可见出版物Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing, 1965-1990。
本发明的组合物可以以固体、液体或半液体、片剂、胶囊、丸剂、粉剂、颗粒剂、混悬剂、乳剂、分散剂和任何其他有用的已知药学可接受的形式给药于患者。该组合物可能根据期望的效果进一步包含活性试剂,例如抗生素。对于作为片剂或胶囊剂(软和硬胶囊)口服,巨大戟二萜醇化合物可以结合接受药学可接受的惰性媒介,如乳糖、淀粉、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甲基纤维素、硬脂酸镁、磷酸氢钙、磷酸钙、甘露醇、山梨醇和类似物;对于液态形式的口服,巨大戟二萜醇化合物以及结合乙醇、甘油、水和类似物。当期望或必要时,可以将凝结剂、润滑剂、崩解剂、色素和香料加入混合物。常见的凝结剂是葡萄糖、β-乳糖、玉米甜味剂、天然或合成树胶如阿拉比卡胶、黄蓍胶或海藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙二醇、蜡及类似物。润滑剂包括油酸钠、硬脂酸钠、硬脂酸镁、苯甲酸钠、醋酸钠、氯化钠。崩解包括淀粉、甲基纤维素、琼脂、膨润土、黄原胶及类似物。
本发明涉及的组合物也可以作为脂质体或与可溶性聚合物载体偶联给药。
用于口服的液体剂型可能包括着色剂和甜味剂以增加患者的接受度。用于水剂型的可接受的载体为水、适宜的油、生理盐水溶液、葡萄糖水、其它糖溶液和二醇类如丙二醇或聚乙二醇、磷酸缓冲液。
在另一个方面,本发明涉及抑制人类免疫缺陷病毒的复制,即用于治疗人类免疫缺陷病毒感染如AIDS的方法,所述方法包括将药学可接受的载体中的药理学有效量的本发明的化合物给药于患者。足量的一种或多种巨大戟二萜醇或一种或多种羊毛甾-8,24-二烯-3-醇或它们的混合物的例子对应于每天一次或多次给药于这种患者的每kg患者重量0.001-2000 mg的一种或多种巨大戟二萜醇或一种或多种羊毛甾-8,24-二烯-3-醇或它们的混合物的剂量。
实施例
尽管下列实施例是本发明的具体实施方式,它们不是以任何方式对其进行限制,而是权利要求中进一步表述的内容。在下列文本中,将经常提到化合物大戟二烯醇,羊毛甾-8,24-二烯-3-醇家族中的一个成员,可以理解的是,这么做仅仅为了引用方便,因此,本发明并不排除任何其它羊毛甾-8,24-二烯-3-醇。
病毒和细胞
用Ficol-Hipaque密度梯度方法 (Hystopaque, Chem Sigma.Co., USA)从健康献血者获得外周血单核细胞(MCPB)。这些细胞被重新悬浮于添加10%灭活胎牛血清(来源:HyClone, USA)、青霉素(100 U / ml)、链霉素(100 μg/ml)、2 mM谷氨酰胺的RPMI 1640培养基(来源:Sigma-Aldrich,USA),以5μg/ml植物凝集素(PHA,来源:Sigma-Aldrich, USA)刺激2-3天,洗涤,再保持包含5U/ml重组人白介素(来源:Sigma Aldrich, USA)的培养基中。MCPB(3 x 106)在48孔板中被分布于无血清的RPMI培养基中并在5% CO2空气下37℃培养1小时。使用分离的对趋化因子受体具有独特趋化性即CCR5-趋化性(R5-趋化性)的初始HIV-1。
细胞存活率试验(XTT法和台盼蓝法)
通过XTT法(2,3-二[2-甲氧基-4-硝基-5-磺基苯基] 2H-四唑 -甲酰苯胺,来源:Sigma)评估分离物的对细胞活力的效果。为了测试化合物对线粒体活性的效果,正常个体的MCPB(2×105细胞/200μl/孔),在96孔板中,37℃,5%CO2)在3至7天期间以不同浓度的物质处理(0.5 μg/mL、5 μg/mL、20 μg/mL、40 μg/mL、80 μg/mL、160 μg/mL、320 μg/mL和640 μg/mL)。在该期间结束时,通过加入50ml XTT溶液用比色法测定细胞活性,通过在450nm处阅读吸光度分析结果(根据Scudiero等, 1988, Cancer Res.48:4827-4833)。
抗HIV-1抑制活性
MCPB
用5-10 ng/ml AG p24 HIV-1以R5分离物感染MCPB 2-3小时。洗涤细胞3次,重悬于添加5μ/ml IL-2的培养基中并铺于96孔板中(2×105细胞/200μl,一式三份),以指定浓度的被测试的化合物处理(0.5 μg/mL, 1.0 μg /mL, 5.0 μg /mL, 10 μg /mL, 20 μg /mL和40 μg /mL)。培养物在5%CO2空气及37℃保持7天,用ELISA(酶联免疫吸附测定信息)通过p24的剂量测定病毒响应。
物质试验的结果
细胞毒性和抗逆转录病毒检测
对外周血单核细胞(MCPB)进行了分析,其中以XTT评价细胞毒性测试,用ELISA评价病毒响应的抑制测试。
CC50(50%细胞毒性浓度)表示被测试物质能够保持细胞50%存活的浓度。
EC50值(50%有效浓度)是物质能够抑制50%的病毒粒子产生的浓度。
实施例1-巨大戟二萜醇的细胞毒性
下面表I的结果,也在图1所示涉及如国际专利公开WO 2007000618所示来自大戟科植物乳胶的极性溶剂提取物的级份的3-(2,4,6–十二碳三烯酰基)巨大戟二萜醇和3-(2,4,6,8-十四碳四烯酰基)-巨大戟二萜醇的1:1混合物。实验室编号:4SII
表I
浓度 μg/ml | 活力% |
0,5 | 99 |
5 | 93 |
20 | 90 |
40 | 84 |
80 | 72 |
160 | 52 |
320 | 31 |
640 | 9 |
CC50 = 167μg。
实施例2:巨大戟二萜醇对病毒响应的抑制
表II的结果,也在图2所示涉及如国际专利公开WO 2007000618所示来自大戟科植物乳胶的极性溶剂提取物的活性部分的3-(2,4,6–十二碳三烯酰基)巨大戟二萜醇和3-(2,4,6,8-十四碳四烯酰基)-巨大戟二萜醇的1:1混合物。实验室编号:4SII。
表II
浓度 μg/ml | 活力% |
0,5 | 13 |
1.0 | 19 |
5.0 | 21 |
10 | 34 |
20 | 48 |
40 | 72 |
EC50 = 28μg/ml。
实施例3-羊毛甾-8,24-二烯-3-醇的细胞毒性
表III的结果,也在图3所示涉及约92%大戟二烯醇和8%甘遂醇的混合物。实验室编号:4SI。
表III
浓度 μg/ml | 活力% |
0,5 | 97 |
5 | 92 |
20 | 88 |
40 | 75 |
80 | 62 |
160 | 45 |
320 | 38 |
640 | 5 |
CC50 = 138μg/ml。
实施例4:羊毛甾-8,24-二烯-3-醇对病毒响应的抑制
表IV的结果,也在图4所示涉及约92%大戟二烯醇和8%甘遂醇的混合物-实验室编号:4SI。
表IV
浓度 μg/ml | 活力% |
0,5 | 19 |
1.0 | 24 |
5.0 | 39 |
10 | 45 |
20 | 62 |
40 | 89 |
EC50 = 16 μg。
实施例5-巨大戟二萜醇和羊毛甾-8,24-二烯-3-醇的混合物的耳毒性
表V的结果,也在图5所示涉及大戟科绿玉树(Euphorbia tirucalli)乳胶的丁醇提取物,包含约70%大戟二烯醇、10%甘遂醇、10% 3-(2,4,6–十二碳三烯酰基)巨大戟二萜醇和10% 3-(2,4,6,8-十四碳四烯酰基)-巨大戟二萜醇(该百分比仅考虑了本发明的化合物本身,而未考虑剩余的提取物)。实验室编号4T。
表V
浓度 μg/ml | 活力% |
0,5 | 97 |
5 | 86 |
20 | 74 |
40 | 59 |
80 | 43 |
160 | 22 |
320 | 10 |
640 | 0 |
CC50 = 44μg/ml。
实施例6:巨大戟二萜醇和羊毛甾-8,24-二烯-3-醇的混合物对病毒响应的抑制
表VI的结果,也在图6所示涉及大戟科绿玉树(Euphorbia tirucalli)乳胶的极性溶剂提取物,包含约70%大戟二烯醇、10%甘遂醇、10% 3-(2,4,6–十二碳三烯酰基)巨大戟二萜醇和10% 3-(2,4,6,8-十四碳四烯酰基)-巨大戟二萜醇(该百分比仅考虑了本发明的化合物本身,而未考虑剩余的提取物)。实验室编号4T。
表VI
浓度 μg/ml | 抑制% |
0,5 | 2 |
1.0 | 4,8 |
5.0 | 12,5 |
10 | 29 |
20 | 47 |
40 | 62 |
EC50 = 31μg/ml。
在实施例5和6中采用的从大戟科绿玉树(Euphorbia tirucalli)提取物制备的提取物的描述:将己烷加入在水中1:1稀释的新鲜乳胶中以获得凝结物。用水洗涤不溶物质数次并过滤。将获得的物质加入丁醇和己烷的混合物,更极性的物质保留在丁醇中,其然后与己烷分离,过滤并最终通过蒸发提取。
评价
下面的表VII概括了上面实施例1-6的结果
测试 | 细胞活力CC50 μg/ml | %病毒复制抑制 EC50 μg/ml | SI (CC50/EC50) | 40μ/mL的病毒复制抑制(%) |
羊毛甾-8,24-二烯-3-醇(4SI) | 138 | 16 | 8,6 | 8,6 |
巨大戟二萜醇(4SII) | 167 | 28 | 5,9 | 5,9 |
羊毛甾-8,24-二烯-3-醇和巨大戟二萜醇的混合物(4T) | 44 | 31 | 1,4 | 1,4 |
SI(选择性指数) = CC50/EC50,代表使用药物的安全度,因此数值越高,物质的效果越好。
结果分析
上面的结果显示,通过ELIZA P24方法评价,本发明的化合物能够抑制HIV-1在外周血单核细胞(MCPB)中的产生。
巨大戟二萜醇和羊毛甾-8,24-二烯-3-醇的混合物中观察到的更高的毒性并不意外,因为它们没有从大戟科乳胶的提取物的约30%剩余成分中被分离出来。
但是可以明显看到,本发明的化合物和它们的混合物毒性有限地抑制了HIV的产生。
很好理解,在此处提供的教导和实施例的帮助下,本领域技术人员在不偏离所附的权利要求定义的本发明的范围的情况下,能够以等同的方式重复本发明,用相同的功能获得相似的结果。
Claims (12)
1.选自巨大戟二萜醇、羊毛甾-8,24-二烯-3-醇和它们的混合物的多环化合物在制备用于预防或治疗HIV感染的药物组合物中的用途。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述巨大戟二萜醇化合物是3-(2,4,6–十二碳三烯酰基)巨大戟二萜醇、3-(2,4,6,8-十四碳四烯酰基)-巨大戟二萜醇、其药学可接受的盐、异构体、多晶型物、溶剂化物或水合物、前药或其代谢物中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述羊毛甾-8,24-二烯-3-醇是大戟二烯醇、甘遂醇和羊毛甾醇、其药学可接受的盐、异构体、晶体和多晶型物、溶剂化物和水合物、前药或其代谢物中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用途,所述巨大戟二萜醇和羊毛甾-8,24-二烯-3-醇的混合物的范围为1:100-100:1,尤其是1:50-50:1,更尤其是1:10-10:1,更尤其是1:4-4:1。
5.治疗HIV感染的方法,其中所述方法包括将药学可接受的载体中的药理学有效量的巨大戟二萜醇化合物给药于患者。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中所述巨大戟二萜醇化合物是3-(2,4,6–十二碳三烯酰基)巨大戟二萜醇、3-(2,4,6,8-十四碳四烯酰基)-巨大戟二萜醇、其药学可接受的盐、异构体、晶体和多晶型物、溶剂化物和水合物、前药或其代谢物中的一种或多种。
7.治疗HIV感染的方法,其中所述方法包括将药学可接受的载体中的药理学有效量的羊毛甾-8,24-二烯-3-醇化合物给药于患者。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述羊毛甾-8,24-二烯-3-醇是大戟二烯醇、甘遂醇和羊毛甾醇、其药学可接受的盐、异构体、多晶型物、溶剂化物和水合物、前药或其代谢物中的一种或多种。
9.治疗HIV感染的方法,其中所述方法包括将药学可接受的载体中的药理学有效量的巨大戟二萜醇和羊毛甾-8,24-二烯-3-醇化合物的混合物给药于患者。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中一种或多种巨大戟二萜醇和羊毛甾-8,24-二烯-3-醇化合物的混合物包括: (A) 3-(2,4,6–十二碳三烯酰基)巨大戟二萜醇、3-(2,4,6,8-十四碳四烯酰基)-巨大戟二萜醇、其药学可接受的盐、异构体、晶体和多晶型物、溶剂化物和水合物、前药和其代谢物中的一种或多种;(B) 大戟二烯醇、甘遂醇和羊毛甾醇、其药学可接受的盐、异构体、多晶型物、溶剂化物和水合物、前药和其代谢物中的一种或多种;以及A和B之间的比例范围为1:100-100:1,尤其是1:50-50:1,更尤其是1:10-10:1,更尤其是1:4-4:1。
11.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中所述混合物包括约70%重量大戟二烯醇、10%重量甘遂醇、10%重量3-(2,4,6–十二碳三烯酰基)巨大戟二萜醇和10%重量3-(2,4,6,8-十四碳四烯酰基)-巨大戟二萜醇。
12.根据权利要求5-11中任一项所述的方法,其中所述一种或多种巨大戟二萜醇、羊毛甾-8,24-二烯-3-醇或它们的混合物的有效量是每天一次或多次给药于这种患者的每kg患者重量0.001-2000 mg。
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CN109912419A (zh) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-06-21 | 复旦大学 | 巨大戟烷型二萜及其在制备抗艾滋病毒药物中的用途 |
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CN108524448B (zh) * | 2017-03-02 | 2019-10-18 | 新疆维吾尔自治区药物研究所 | 一种大戟二烯醇抗白内障眼用制剂及其制备方法和用途 |
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CN109912419A (zh) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-06-21 | 复旦大学 | 巨大戟烷型二萜及其在制备抗艾滋病毒药物中的用途 |
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