CN102678055A - Scraping-cutting and impacting combined type drill - Google Patents
Scraping-cutting and impacting combined type drill Download PDFInfo
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- CN102678055A CN102678055A CN2012101554068A CN201210155406A CN102678055A CN 102678055 A CN102678055 A CN 102678055A CN 2012101554068 A CN2012101554068 A CN 2012101554068A CN 201210155406 A CN201210155406 A CN 201210155406A CN 102678055 A CN102678055 A CN 102678055A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/54—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of the rotary drag type, e.g. fork-type bits
- E21B10/55—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of the rotary drag type, e.g. fork-type bits with preformed cutting elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/36—Percussion drill bits
Abstract
The invention discloses a scraping-cutting and impacting combined type drill which belongs to the field of rock breaking tools for drilling equipment in petroleum and gas, mine engineering, building foundation engineering construction, geology, hydrology and the like. The scraping-cutting and impacting combined type drill comprises a drill body and a fixed cutting structure solidified on the drill body, wherein the drill body is also provided with an impacting-cutting structure; the impacting-cutting structure comprises a force transferring mechanism for transferring impact force, and impacting-cutting teeth; the impacting-cutting teeth are solidified on a punch at the tail end of the force transferring mechanism; and the punch can slide or do sliding impact relative to the drill body in the impact force transferring direction. Compared with the conventional PDC (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact) drill, the scraping-cutting and impacting combined type drill is beneficial to the drilling into stratum of the cutting teeth, improving the rock breaking efficiency and slowing the abrasion of the cutting teeth; and especially, the scraping-cutting and impacting combined type drill has obvious technology advantages when being used for drilling the high-strength and strong-abrasiveness strata difficult to drill.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to drilling equipments such as petroleum gas, mine engineering, building foundation engineering construction, geology, the hydrology and use the rock crushing tool field.
Background technology
Drill bit be in the drilling engineering in order to fractured rock, form the rock crushing tool of pit shaft.Employed conventional bit mainly contains tricone bit, polycrystalline diamond compact bit (being the PDC drill bit) and percussion bit (also claiming to spin drill bit or bore bit) etc. in the drilling engineering now.
Tricone bit mainly breaks rock with the form of crushing (tooth is pressed into rock and causes catalase), suitable stratum wider range, but capacity usage ratio is not high, and efficiency of breaking rock is relatively low.Particularly when deep formation crept into, the cuttings hold-down effect in shaft bottom was fairly obvious under the high density drilling fluid action condition, and tooth is difficult to be pressed into the stratum and forms effectively fragmentation, and the drill bit rate of penetration is very limited.Bearing life is low to be one of the principal element in restriction tricone bit application life.Tricone bit needs big the pressure of the drill could guarantee higher efficiency of breaking rock, so the load amplitude of bearing is high, the operating principle that while gear wheel upper teeth replaces fractured rock must cause the axial or extensional vibration of drill bit, and bearing load by a relatively large margin fluctuates.Cone bit bearing is in the work under bad environment of down-hole in addition, and the life-span of bearing seal is difficult to ensure, so the bearing life of tricone bit is shorter relatively.
The PDC drill bit is that a kind of composite polycrystal-diamond (be the PDC tooth, also be called for short tooth) that utilizes is cut scraping of rock or the drill bit of the broken rock of shear action.Owing to possessing outstanding superiority aspect cutting element performance and the broken rock mode, thus the PDC drill bit at soft efficiency of breaking rock to medium ground apparently higher than tricone bit.Now, the PDC drill bit uses more and morely in drilling engineering, and ratio is increasing, but for hardness, stratum and serious inhomogeneous stratum that abrasiveness is high, the PDC drill bit still is difficult to adapt to.Existing P DC drill bit all belongs to fixed cutter drill bits (movement-less part on the drill bit), arranges and is cemented on the bit body according to certain rules as the composite polycrystal-diamond of cutting element, constitutes the cutting structure of PDC drill bit fractured rock.In order in time the shaft bottom to be carried into ground by the broken landwaste of drill bit, also in order to clean drill bit and cooling cutting teeth, also need have hydraulic structure on the PDC drill bit simultaneously.Hydraulic structure is made up of drill bit inner flow passage, outer flow passage and spray-hole usually.Spray-hole is claimed nozzle again, can be the fixed nozzle that is set directly on the bit body, also can be mounted in the replaceable nozzle on the drill bit.For cutting structure and the hydraulic structure that makes drill bit reaches better work; In design, when making drill bit; Usually according to certain rules the PDC tooth is divided into some groups; PDC tooth on the same group is cemented on the same toothholder, and each toothholder and the PDC tooth that distributes on it constitute a cutting structure unit, are called wing (toothholder is the wing body).Groove between the wing has just formed the outer flow passage of drill bit.This drill bit is a blade PDC bit.Blade PDC bit is the major structural types of PDC drill bit.As far as the PDC drill bit, under the identical condition of drill speed, the pressure of the drill, the efficiency of breaking rock of drill bit depends primarily on the ability of PDC tooth wedging rock, and the degree of depth of PDC tooth wedging rock is big more, and the drill bit efficiency of breaking rock is just high more.Usually, when soft formation crept into, the depth of tooth penetration of PDC bit cutting tooth was bigger, and the efficiency of breaking rock of drill bit is higher; When hard formation crept into, the wedging ability of cutting teeth just died down, and depth of tooth penetration diminishes, and the drilling efficiency of drill bit just obviously reduces.The shortcoming that mainly contains of PDC drill bit is: the first, and when the intensity of rock or hardness were higher, the PDC tooth is difficult to the wedging rock to be cut to form effectively to scrape, and particularly after the PDC tooth had wearing and tearing, tooth was difficult to the wedging stratum more, and the rate of penetration of drill bit can sharply reduce.Second; The PDC tooth is rock cutting continuously; Because violent fricative heat can make tooth reach quite high temperature, when temperature delimited above one, the rate of wear of PDC tooth obviously rose; Thereby cause the generation of (when PDC tooth operating temperature was higher than a certain specified temp, the phenomenon that its abrasion resistance obviously descends was called the thermal wear phenomenon of PDC tooth) of thermal wear phenomenon.The 3rd; The rate of wear obvious difference of the PDC tooth on the different radial zones of PDC drill bit; Obviously faster than the tooth in heart portion zone, cutting teeth abrasion equilibrium property is poor, thereby has reduced the combination property of drill bit for the cutter-wear rate in general bit exterior zone (particularly outer 1/3 zone of drill bit radius).
Percussion bit is the fixed teeth rock crushing tool that cooperates down-the-hole air hammer (being the down-the-hole hammer) to use in the rotary percussion drilling.The structure of percussion bit is similar with the PDC drill bit, does not have moveable element on the drill bit, and fixed some can cover the cutting teeth that broken zone is treated in the shaft bottom on the bit body.Difference mainly is: the cutting element of PDC drill bit is mainly the PDC tooth, and the cutting element of percussion bit is mainly carbide alloy similar with the rock bit teeth patterning or the compound tooth of diamond.The crushing mechanism of the rock breaking mechanism of percussion bit and rock bit and the cutting scheme of PDC drill bit all have significant difference.Percussion bit relies on the instant impact of its tooth to realize the fragmentation to bottom rock.The upper end of percussion bit is connecting down-the-hole air hammer; Down-the-hole air hammer is when work; Its block stamp moves back and forth under the effect of circulation of fluid (drilling fluid or recyclegas); Clash into drill bit or bore bit repeatedly, thereby for the contacted drill teeth of bottom rock pulsatile impact load to be provided, rock takes place under the instant impact effect of tooth broken.Because the shock loading of drill bit depends on down-the-hole air hammer; So; (these characteristics and rock bit have remarkable difference need not apply very big the pressure of the drill in the percussion bit course of work; Rock bit must be depressed at wammel could obtain higher efficiency of breaking rock), only need drill bit to be pressed in the shaft bottom and get final product with very little the pressure of the drill.Generally, percussion bit can be obtained higher efficiency of breaking rock when the particularly harder brittle formation of brittle formation is crept into.In addition, at the bigger easy tiltedly layer of stratigraphic dip, adopt percussion bit to creep into and help reducing hole deviation trend.
Baker Hughes Inc. has proposed a kind of gear wheel-PDC hybrid bit and (has all proposed patent application in the U.S. and other countries; Like PTC WO2010/132232 etc.); This drill bit has increased gear wheel cutting structure (or claiming the gear wheel parts) on traditional P DC cutting structure basis; Therefore, we can say that also this Mixed drilling bit is combined by stationary cutting structure and gear wheel cutting structure.The stationary cutting structure of Mixed drilling bit by some PDC fixedly wing form, be furnished with fixedly cutting teeth (PDC tooth) on the wing, when the drill bit rotary drilling, fixedly the PDC tooth on the wing is to scrape the broken rock of butt formula; Similar in the gear wheel cutting structure of Mixed drilling bit and the rock bit; Gear wheel is installed on the axle journal of bit leg; Bit leg and bit body form fixing integral body, and gear wheel also rotates around axle journal in the bit body rotation, and the tooth on the gear wheel is mainly to be pressed into the broken rock of broken mode.This Mixed drilling bit combines the characteristics and the advantage of PDC drill bit and rock bit, and when creeping under given conditions, bit performance is superior to PDC drill bit and rock bit.But this drill bit also has following than significant disadvantages: the first, axially (drill bit axially) of gear wheel cutting structure and stationary cutting structure or vertically mass motion be consistent.Therefore; The up-down vibration that the gear wheel cutting structure certainly leads in the course of the work will directly influence the job stability of PDC stationary cutting structure; Thereby the adverse consequences that causes two aspects: at first; The shock loading that extensional vibration brings causes the damage of PDC tooth easily, shortens the application life of drill bit; Secondly, the extensional vibration meeting makes the depth of tooth penetration generation frequent variations of the PDC tooth in the stationary cutting structure, when serious even possibly cause the PDC tooth frequently to break away from the shaft bottom, thereby reduces the efficiency of breaking rock of drill bit to a certain extent.Second; Gear wheel is connected with bit leg journel through bearing arrangement, because the needs of intensity, the physical dimension of gear wheel cutting structure is relatively large; Occupied on the drill bit valuable and limited space, be unfavorable for the layout design of stationary cutting structure and hydraulic structure on the bit body.The size requirements that the gear wheel cutting structure is bigger has also limited the application of this drill bit in the deep-well slimhole drilling to a certain extent.Its three, the bulk life time of the bearing working life-span of gear wheel cutting structure to drill bit formed tangible restriction.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to: provide a kind of scraping to cut-impact combined drill; On the fixed cutter drill bits basis, increase and impact cutting structure, make full use of the advantage of impact cutting rock mode, promote the wedging of bit cutting tooth rock; Improve efficiency of breaking rock; Slow down the rate of wear of cutting teeth, increase drilling life of bit, the service behaviour of bad ground such as promote that drill bit is higher in intensity, abrasiveness is strong or non-homogeneity is stronger.
The object of the invention realizes through following technical proposals:
Combined drill (abbreviation composite drill bit) is cut-impacted to a kind of scraping; Comprise bit body and be cemented in the stationary cutting structure on the bit body; Composite drill bit is provided with the impact cutting structure; Impacting cutting structure comprises the force transmission mechanism that transmits impact force and impacts cutting teeth, and impact cutting teeth and be cemented on the terminal drift of force transmission mechanism, said drift can be done slip with respect to bit body or slide and impact on the impact force direction of transfer.
Particularly; Scrape and cut-impact combined drill and comprise bit body, stationary cutting structure, impact cutting structure and hydraulic structure, also can comprise the beater mechanism that produces impact force, impact cutting structure and comprise force transmission mechanism and the impact cutting teeth that transmits impact force; Force transmission mechanism comprises anvil body, dowel bar and the drift that connects successively; Form slip relatively between anvil body and the bit body, form relatively between dowel bar and the bit body and slide, or both allowed relative slip through the formation of swing slide block; Allow again to connect in relative rotation; Drift is connected the end of dowel bar, impacts cutting teeth and is cemented on the drift, and drift can be done slip with respect to bit body or slide and impact on the impact force direction of transfer.Said bit body is in order to adhere to, supporting or receiving drill bit stationary cutting structure, to impact the matrix of cutting structure and beater mechanism, also is the matrix of nozzle being installed, being formed the drill bit runner.The upper end of bit body (also be the circulation of fluid arrival end, be called for short arrival end) is provided with in order to connect the screw thread of drill string.The top of bit body is tubular structure, and its tube wall had both had the function of transmitting the pressure of the drill, also plays effect pipe is interior, that the pipe external space is isolated, and its endoporus space is used for being provided with the elements such as anvil body of force transmission mechanism, and beater mechanism also can be located therein.The bottom of bit body is mainly the matrix of stationary cutting structure, has offered hole or groove in order to hold dowel bar on it, has also offered the circulation of fluid spray-hole.Except the extending part of drift, impact cutting teeth and dowel bar, other part of impacting cutting structure all is positioned at the inner space of bit body, and installs from top to bottom according to the order of anvil body-dowel bar-drift.When composite drill bit comprised beater mechanism, top-down erection sequence was: beater mechanism-anvil body-dowel bar-drift, the impact force action that beater mechanism produces are passed to dowel bar, drift by the anvil body on the anvil body again.The upper surface of anvil body is the work plane of load of withstanding shocks, and the lower end is connected with dowel bar, can be to be slidingly connected, and also can be hinged (being that hinge connects), perhaps directly connection etc.When employing is slidingly connected, can slide relatively along contact surface between anvil body and the dowel bar; When adopting articulated manner to connect, can relatively rotate around hinged center between anvil body and the dowel bar.Drift is connected the other end of dowel bar with modes such as screw thread, interference fit, pin, welding, or constitutes an integral element with dowel bar.Drift, fixed impact cutting teeth and the dowel bar that matches on it constitute one and impact cutting unit, impact the quantity of cutting unit and can have only one, also several can be arranged.In same impact cutting unit, the quantity of dowel bar is one or more than one, and when the quantity of dowel bar during more than one, each dowel bar is connected in series each other, wherein has each other between the adjacent dowel bar of relative motion to be connected through the hinge.Between force transmission mechanism and the bit body and being connected or mounting means between each element of force transmission mechanism, make drift on the shock loading direction of transfer, do slip with respect to bit body.Stationary cutting structure is arranged on the outer end of bit body bottom; Include the cutting teeth pedestal (when stationary cutting structure adopts wing formula structure; The cutting teeth pedestal i.e. fixing wing) and fixing cutting teeth, the cutting teeth pedestal is cemented on the bit body, forms with bit body to be fixedly connected; Or combine to be integrally formed the formula structure with bit body, fixedly cutting teeth is cemented on the cutting teeth pedestal.Hydraulic structure mainly comprises inside and outside runner of drilling well circulation of fluid, and the nozzle that is installed in the inner flow passage exit.On drill bit, also be provided with some auxiliary elements, be included as the supporting positive cover that guarantees the correct operating position of anvil body and be provided with, and be elements such as the slide block realizing being provided with being connected between anvil body and the dowel bar, bearing pin, and potted component etc.
One of key of the present invention is: stationary cutting structure combines with the impact cutting structure and constitutes the combined cut structure; Impact cutting teeth on the drift constantly impacts the shaft bottom with certain frequency under impact force action, cooperate the common fragmentation of accomplishing bottom rock of stationary cutting structure on the drill bit.Particularly when the impact cutting teeth on the drift is distributed in radially exterior zone (particularly outer 1/3 zone of drill bit radius) of drill bit; The broken rock effect of impacting cutting teeth make should the zone fixedly cutting teeth wedging, the needed power of rock cutting obviously reduce; The rate of wear obviously descends; Thereby can significantly improve the harmony of the wearing and tearing of cutting teeth on the stationary cutting structure, make drill bit heart portion zone and exterior zone fixedly the rate of wear of cutting teeth approach synchronously.About stationary cutting structure and arrangement and the quantity of impact cutting structure on bit body, those skilled in the art combine prior art that numerous selections can be arranged under this specification teaches, and these technical schemes are all within protection domain of the present invention.
Two of key of the present invention is: drift can be done slip with respect to bit body or slide and impact on the impact force direction of transfer.Resultant effect is: the first, and the pressure of the drill that is delivered on the bit body by drill string can not be applied on the impact cutting teeth, thereby has avoided the impact cutting teeth continuing contingent quick wearing and tearing under big the pressure of the drill effect; The second, the pulsatile impact load of impacting cutting structure can not be delivered on bit body and even the drill string, the adverse effect of having avoided pulsatile impact load possibly cause the safety of bit body and even drill string; The 3rd, help the beater mechanism air defense to play the realization of function.About impacting the frame mode in order to realize that drift slides with respect to bit body on impact direction in the cutting structure; Those skilled in the art combine prior art that numerous selections can be arranged under this specification teaches, and these technical schemes are all within protection domain of the present invention.
Fixedly cutting teeth on the said stationary cutting structure is a composite polycrystal-diamond; Also can be TSP, natural diamond and impregnated with diamond cutting teeth; The impact cutting teeth that impacts on the cutting structure is a hard-metal insert, or does the hard-metal insert that the surface is strengthened with diamond.Profile of tooth as the hard-metal insert that impacts cutting teeth can be hemi-spherical ended shape insert, blunt conical-ended shape insert, chisel teeth, wedge crested chisel insert and scoop chisel insert, also can be the tooth with other shape of good impact rock breaking efficiency.
On force transmission mechanism (mainly being dowel bar) and slide plane that bit body matches, sealing device is set; Leakage and the fluid of avoiding circulation of fluid in the leakage process to the erosion of dowel bar, bit body, simultaneously because circulation of fluid is higher than outside the bit body at the pressure of bit body inner chamber; The external and internal pressure difference acts on force transmission mechanism; Generation is with the thrust of drift to extrapolation, and this thrust can make the cutting teeth on the drift press rock surface, helps improving the impact efficiency of breaking rock of cutting teeth.
The impact cutting teeth of said impact cutting structure can be arranged in said stationary cutting structure fixedly within the radially coverage of cutting teeth; Also can independently arrange (not with stationary cutting structure fixedly the radially coverage overlaid of cutting teeth), or part is independent arranges.
As optimal way, the impact cutting teeth of said impact cutting structure and said stationary cutting structure fixedly cutting teeth arrange that in radially overlapping covering the impact cutting teeth that impacts cutting structure is arranged within the radial zone beyond the drill bit radius 1/3rd.
As optimal way, the impact cutting teeth of said impact cutting structure and said stationary cutting structure fixedly cutting teeth arrange that in radially overlapping covering the impact cutting teeth that impacts cutting structure is arranged within the radial zone beyond the drill bit radius 1/2nd.
As optimal way, the impact cutting teeth of said impact cutting structure and said stationary cutting structure fixedly cutting teeth arrange that in radially overlapping covering the impact cutting teeth of said impact cutting structure is arranged within the radial zone beyond the drill bit radius 2/3rds.
As optimal way, the impact cutting teeth of said impact cutting structure is arranged in drill bit radius 1/3rd with within the interior radial zone.
Said force transmission mechanism is provided with anti-drop structure, comes off from drill bit under the pulling capacity effect to avoid drift and dowel bar.
Also can be provided with anti-rotation structure on the said force transmission mechanism, rotate around the dowel bar axle in the course of the work to avoid drift.
As optimal way, the cutting teeth of said stationary cutting structure adopts composite polycrystal-diamond (PDC tooth), the hard-metal insert that the cutting teeth of said impact cutting structure adopts hard-metal insert or strengthens with superhard materials such as diamonds.
As optimal way, the cutting teeth of said stationary cutting structure adopts circular composite polycrystal-diamond, and the cutting teeth of said impact cutting structure adopts the hard-metal insert or the diamond composite hard alloy tooth of conisphere shape or wedge shape.
As optimal way, to scrape when cutting-impacting combined drill and comprising beater mechanism when said, bit body adopts split-type structural, can beater mechanism and pairing bit body part thereof be separated from composite drill bit, constitutes independent parts.This moment, bit body was formed by connecting impactor body that is provided with beater mechanism and the cutting structure body that is provided with stationary cutting structure and impact cutting structure; Beater mechanism is installed in the hollow part of impactor body, and the impactor body is used to hold, install beater mechanism.At this moment, composite drill bit just be divided into two on the function with make relatively independent part, the i.e. rock crushing tool of the impactor on top and bottom.The function of impactor just provides pulsatile impact power, and the function of rock crushing tool is transmitted impact force exactly, and implements the direct fragmentation to rock with stationary cutting structure.Adopt split-type structural more to help the manufacturing and the use of composite drill bit, impactor parts and rock crushing tool parts can be made respectively, go into to fit together before well uses again.
Cut-impact combined drill for comprising scraping of beater mechanism, its course of work is:
Scrape and cut-impact the least significant end that combined drill is connected drill string.Go into after the well, drill bit moves closer to, arrives the shaft bottom.(when circulation of fluid was drilling fluid, driving arrangement was a borehole pump to start the circulation of fluid driving arrangement; When circulation of fluid be gas or when being mainly gas, driving arrangement is a gas compressor), make circulation of fluid in the inside and outside circulation of drill string.On drill bit, apply the pressure of the drill, the beginning rotary drilling, the cutting teeth on the drill bit stationary cutting structure promptly begins broken bottom rock.Meanwhile, because circulation of fluid has begun circulation, under the driving of drill string inner loop fluid; Beater mechanism is started working; Apply the pulsatile impact load of certain frequency scope continuously to the anvil body, shock loading is passed to dowel bar through the anvil body, is passed to drift again; Finally be applied to and impact on the cutting teeth, thereby realize impacting the fragmentation of cutting structure bottom rock.After circulation of fluid flows through beater mechanism, flow out from bit port or nozzle through inner flow passage again, accomplish the cooling cutting teeth, clean drill bit, bottom-hole cleaning and cutting carring function.Although stationary cutting structure carries out with the broken rock work of impacting cutting structure separately, rock breaking mechanism also has nothing in common with each other, and each other useful influencing each other can take place.Combined drill is the main cutting structure usually with the stationary cutting structure, and impacting cutting structure is the assisted machining structure.Cutting teeth in the stationary cutting structure is generally PDC tooth (or be main with the PDC tooth); So the stationary cutting structure on the composite drill bit just is equivalent to a common fixedly cutting teeth PDC drill bit, the key of its efficiency of breaking rock is the wedging effect of PDC tooth to bottom rock.Increase the depth of tooth penetration of PDC tooth, can only increase the pressure of the drill usually, and the increase of the pressure of the drill is limited, and increase the wearing and tearing that the pressure of the drill can aggravate the PDC tooth, reduce the working life of drill bit.Technical scheme of the present invention is impacted cutting structure through on fixed cutter drill bits, introducing, and can effectively utilize the characteristics and the advantage of impact cutting rock mode, promotes the efficiency of breaking rock and the cutting teeth working life of stationary cutting structure significantly.Impact cutting structure and rely on the pulsatile impact load fractured rock of impact cutting teeth the certain frequency of rock; Therefore very low to the requirement of work the pressure of the drill; Cutting teeth is that the hole is cheated or is pressed in the fragmentation that the respective regions in the shaft bottom forms one by one to the impact effect of bottom rock; These broken generations of cheating or being pressed into the hole have directly promoted the wedging of stationary cutting structure respective regions PDC tooth to bottom rock, have alleviated the live load of these PDC teeth simultaneously.In other words; When on the cutting teeth of stationary cutting structure has the scraggly shaft bottoms in many broken holes, creeping into; Its rate of penetration will be apparently higher than the rate of penetration on level and smooth shaft bottom, and the rate of wear of its cutting teeth is starkly lower than the rate of wear when on level and smooth shaft bottom, creeping into.
In the impact cutting structure of composite drill bit, impact each element (comprising anvil body, dowel bar, drift and cutting teeth etc.) that bears pulsatile impact load in the cutting structure and can on the shock loading direction of transfer, do slip or the impact of sliding with respect to bit body.Like this, in the normal drilling process of drill bit, impact cutting structure and do not bear the pressure of the drill, also the do not withstand shocks pulsatile impact load of cutting structure of stationary cutting structure from drill string and bit body.These characteristics both can have been avoided damage or the adverse effect of pulsatile impact load to stationary cutting structure cutting teeth, bit body and even upper drilling string, also can avoid impacting cutting teeth because of continuing to bear the quick wearing and tearing that big work the pressure of the drill causes.In addition, these characteristics are also beaten function for the air defense that realizes composite drill bit necessary condition are provided.Being lowered in the process of drill bit; Because the effect of gravity and circulation of fluid inside and outside differential pressure; Impacting anvil body, dowel bar, the drift in the cutting structure and impact cutting teeth can be together to lower slider one segment distance; The impact cutting teeth is protruded in outside the stationary cutting structure cutting teeth envelope contour face, and impacting the residing position of cutting structure this moment is that the position is beaten in air defense, on this position; The air defense of beater mechanism sets meter can make the jump bit in the beater mechanism stop the hammering to the anvil body, to realize the no-load protection of impact cutting structure.Move closer at drill bit, when arriving the shaft bottom, outstanding impact cutting teeth at first contacts the shaft bottom, further in place along with drill bit then, the said elements that impacts in the cutting structure is retracted to normal operation position gradually.When drill bit after the shaft bottom is fully in place, drill bit begins rotary drilling, impacts cutting structure and begins to carry out to break normally rock work with stationary cutting structure.When carrying drill bit on the needs when (as pulling out of hole or the continued access drill string),, opposite with going down process along with the rising gradually of bit location; Stationary cutting structure on the drill bit at first leaves the shaft bottom, still keeps contacting with bottom rock and impact cutting teeth, simultaneously; The downward slippage of impacting in the cutting structure of the relative bit body of aforementioned other related elements is beaten the position until arriving air defense; After this impact the cutting teeth load that no longer withstands shocks, break away from the shaft bottom then, rise with other part of drill bit.
Cut-impact combined drill for not comprising scraping of beater mechanism, the course of work that produces pulsatile impact load is no longer accomplished by composite drill bit, accomplishes and change by impactor.In addition, to cut-impact the course of work of combined drill identical with comprising scraping of beater mechanism for all the other courses of work.Do not comprise scraping of beater mechanism and cut-impact the drill bit that combined drill is not a telotism, must with the use of just going into the well after the supporting installation of corresponding impactor.In fact the composite drill bit of this moment is exactly the split type rock crushing tool parts of cutting-impact combined drill of scraping.When concrete the use, generally should earlier supporting impactor and composite drill bit be linked together (impactor is connected on the composite drill bit), and then the impactor that combines, composite drill bit be connected the drill string end.After installing, the use of can going into the well.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) when composite drill bit in the shaft bottom during rotary drilling, at fixedly cutting teeth and the well bottom zone of impacting the overlapping covering of cutting teeth, owing to impact the continuous impact of cutting teeth to rock, the surface, shaft bottom has formed and has been pressed into hole or broken hole, makes the shaft bottom become uneven.Under the identical condition of cutting depth (depth of tooth penetration) or ablation volume (being cut the fragmented rock volume); Wedging power (perpendicular to the be pressed into power of rock surface), main cutting force (at cutting force cutting speed direction on) and the cutting power of PDC tooth when rough rock surface cuts is starkly lower than the working angles under rock surface opposed flattened (the not having broken hole) condition; The difficulty of cutting teeth wedging rock obviously reduces, and broken rock energy consumption also obviously reduces.So, to compare with traditional P DC drill bit, composite drill bit can reach higher efficiency of breaking rock on the stratum (stratum that hardness is higher) that cutting teeth is difficult to wedging when creeping into.
(2) as previously mentioned; Under the identical condition of cutting depth or ablation volume; The friction power loss of PDC tooth when rough rock surface cuts is starkly lower than the working angles under rock surface opposed flattened (the not having broken hole) condition, and the heat that produces owing to friction also obviously reduces.On the other hand, when rough rock surface cut, frequent variations can take place in contact area between cutting teeth and the rock and contact condition, and the cooling effect of cutting teeth can improve.So; Compare with traditional P DC drill bit; The cutter-wear rate of composite drill bit stationary cutting structure is lower, and is difficult for thermal wear takes place, and can reach higher working life; Thereby when the bad grounds such as high abrasive, high rigidity and high inhomogeneity that conventional PDC drill bit is difficult to adapt to used, composite drill bit can reach better drilling effect.
(3) when composite drill bit fixedly cutting teeth with impact cutting teeth overlapping covered be that the radially outer of drill bit is regional (like outer 2/3rds zones of drill bit radius; Outer half territory; Or outer 1/3rd zones) time; Because the tooth that the cutter-wear rate of general fixed cutter drill bits exterior zone (particularly outer 1/3 zone of drill bit radius) is obviously regional faster than heart portion; The broken rock effect of impacting cutting teeth can make this zone fixedly the rate of wear of cutting teeth obviously reduce; So the harmony of cutting teeth wearing and tearing can significantly improve on the stationary cutting structure, promptly the rate of wear of the fixedly cutting teeth of drill bit heart portion zone and exterior zone approaches synchronously.For being for the composite drill bit of main cutting structure with stationary cutting structure (cutting structure that particularly mainly is made up of the PDC tooth), this improvement fixedly effect of cutting teeth abrasion equilibrium property is particularly important for the combination property of raising drill bit.
(4) on the stronger stratum of fragility, the impact cutting rock can reach rock breaking efficiency preferably.Although the tooth in gear wheel-PDC Mixed drilling bit on the gear wheel also can apply dynamic loading to a certain degree to rock in the process of rock crushing; But the time (time of contact) that composite drill bit impact cutting teeth impacts the shaft bottom at every turn, shock effect was more obvious, and can reach higher frequency of impact than gear wheel tooth much shorter; So; When crept on the stronger stratum of fragility, composite drill bit not only was superior to conventional PDC drill bit, and can reach than gear wheel-better rock breaking efficiency of PDC Mixed drilling bit.
(5) gear wheel in impact cutting structure in the composite drill bit and gear wheel-PDC Mixed drilling bit all belongs to the motion cutting structure; But the force transmission mechanism in the composite drill bit can be done slip with respect to bit body on the shock loading direction of transfer; Resultant beneficial effect is: first; The pressure of the drill that is delivered on the bit body by drill string can not be applied on the impact cutting teeth, thereby has avoided impacting cutting teeth in the quick wearing and tearing that continue under big the pressure of the drill pressure holding; Second; The pulsatile impact load of impacting cutting structure can not be delivered on bit body and even the drill string; Like this; The up-down vibration of the existing motion cutting structure of gear wheel-PDC Mixed drilling bit (gear wheel) possibly cause damage to fixedly cutting teeth, bit body and even drill string, and the shortcoming that reduces stationary cutting structure (PDC tooth) efficiency of breaking rock, in composite drill bit, has obtained solving preferably; The 3rd, help the beater mechanism air defense to play the realization of function.
(6) centre of fixed cutter drill bits has an inner cone zone usually; Composite drill bit can be provided with in this zone and impact cutting structure (be arranged in like the impact cutting teeth that impacts cutting structure drill bit radius 1/3rd with interior radial zone within); At the bottom of the tapered well of protuberance under the impact force action that impacts cutting teeth volumetric fracture takes place more easily; The catalase speed in centre, shaft bottom is significantly accelerated, thereby promotes the raising of drill bit efficiency of breaking rock.
(7) can cover all composite drill bits of (or near all) radial zone of shaft bottom for stationary cutting structure, when beater mechanism or impact cutting structure because a variety of causes causes losing efficacy or during inefficiency, stationary cutting structure still can work alone.These characteristics of composite drill bit are superior to conventional percussion bit.
(8) compare with gear wheel-PDC Mixed drilling bit; Drift is less relatively in occupied space, drill bit cloth tooth zone; The structure design that helps drill bit particularly helps in design, utilizing more space to increase fixedly cutting teeth, to improve the working life of drill bit stationary cutting structure.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention, and composite drill bit does not comprise beater mechanism, has 3 fixedly wings, and 3 covers impact cutting units, the fixing alternate layout of wing and drift, joint area employing external thread structure.Among the figure: 1, bit body, 2, stationary cutting structure, 21, fixing cutting teeth, 22, fixing wing, 3, impact cutting structure, 31, impact cutting teeth, 321, drift, 41, runner, 42, nozzle.
Fig. 2 is that composite drill bit shown in Figure 1 is from the view (vertical view) of cutting structure end when tip side is seen.
Fig. 3 does the impact cutting structure cross-sectional schematic after part is dissectd to composite drill bit shown in Figure 1.Among the figure: 32, force transmission mechanism, 322, dowel bar, 323, the anvil body, 325, sealing ring.
Fig. 4 is the decomposing schematic representation (for showing the relation of installation, bit body 1 having been carried out horizontal subdivision from the middle part) to composite drill bit shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 5 is structural representation of the present invention (does part and dissect the impact cutting structure cross-sectional schematic that the back forms); Composite drill bit does not comprise beater mechanism; Impact in the cutting unit 2 dowel bars are arranged; One of them dowel bar is fixedly connected (or for integral structure) with drift, another dowel bar is connected (formation revolute pair) through hinge with the anvil body, between 2 dowel bars also through hinge be connected (formation revolute pair); Between anvil body and bit body, be provided with anvil body supporting positive cover.Joint area adopts female thread structure.Among the figure: 324, supporting positive cover, 326, hinge pin, 327, attachment screw, 3221, dowel bar (), 3222, dowel bar (two).
Fig. 6 is that anvil body supporting positive cover is set upright positioning principle sketch map (being the transverse cross-sectional view of Fig. 5 in supporting positive cover 324 positions).
Fig. 7 is that the anvil body is set upright positioning principle sketch map (anvil body 323 contacts with the endoporus hole wall of bit body 1, forms matched in clearance, realizes the location of setting upright of anvil body) when not having supporting positive cover.
Fig. 8 is that the present invention has 2 fixedly wings, and 2 covers impact cutting units, fixedly the vertical view during the alternate layout of wing and drift.
Fig. 9 is a structural representation of the present invention, and composite drill bit has 3 fixedly wings, and 2 covers impact cutting unit.
Figure 10 is the composite drill bit drape tooth figure radially when impacting cutting teeth and being arranged in zone beyond the drill bit radius 1/3rd.
Figure 11 is the composite drill bit drape tooth figure radially when impacting cutting teeth and being arranged in zone beyond the drill bit radius 1/2nd.
Figure 12 is the composite drill bit drape tooth figure radially when impacting cutting teeth and being arranged in drill bit radius 2/3rds with exterior domain.
Figure 13 is the composite drill bit drape tooth figure radially when impacting cutting teeth and being arranged in drill bit radius 1/3rd with inner region.
Figure 14 is the composite drill bit drape tooth figure radially when impacting cutting teeth and being arranged in except that bit central with whole radial extension the zone such as fraction such as grade, rule footpath.
Figure 15 is the pairing composite drill bit structural representation of Figure 14 cloth tooth design scheme; Among the figure: 3211, heart portion drift.
Figure 16 is the vertical view of composite drill bit shown in Figure 15.
Figure 17 is the force transmission mechanism principle schematic of structure shown in Figure 1, and in this force transmission mechanism, drift is fixedly connected with dowel bar, and dowel bar and anvil body form and be slidingly connected (sliding pair).
Figure 18 is the force transmission mechanism principle schematic of structure shown in Figure 5.
Figure 19 is the principle schematic of a kind of force transmission mechanism of the present invention, and in this force transmission mechanism, drift is fixedly connected with dowel bar; Dowel bar and anvil body are connected through the hinge; Be provided with the swing slide block between dowel bar and the bit body, swing slide block and dowel bar are hinged, and swing slide block and bit body are slidingly connected; Be to have formed and both allow relative slip through the swing slide block between dowel bar and the bit body; Allow again to connect in relative rotation, dowel bar and drift be bit body slip relatively both, also can rotate around the center of rotation of swing slide block.Among the figure: 328, swing slide block.
Figure 20 is provided with the swing slide block between dowel bar and the bit body of force transmission mechanism shown in Figure 19, and the swing slide block is hinged with dowel bar, the structural representation when swinging slide block and bit body and being slidingly connected.
Figure 21 is the principle schematic of a kind of force transmission mechanism of the present invention, and in this force transmission mechanism, drift is fixedly connected with dowel bar; Dowel bar and anvil body are connected through the hinge; Be provided with the swing slide block between dowel bar and the bit body, swing slide block and dowel bar are slidingly connected, and swing slide block and bit body are hinged; Dowel bar and drift be bit body slip relatively both, also can rotate around the center of rotation of swing slide block.
Figure 22 is the structural representation of a kind of force transmission mechanism of the present invention, and in this force transmission mechanism, drive link and drift are fixed, and the impact direction that impacts cutting structure is parallel to the drill axis direction.
Figure 23 is an impact cutting teeth of the present invention sketch map when adopting diamond to do the hard-metal insert of strengthening on the surface.Among the figure: 311, carbide alloy, 312, the diamond enhancement Layer.
Figure 24 comprises beater mechanism, and the composite drill bit structural representation when adopting integral structure.Among the figure: 33, beater mechanism, 331, block stamp.
Figure 25 comprises beater mechanism, and adopts the composite drill bit structural representation of split-type structural.Among the figure: 5, impactor parts, 51, the impactor body, 52, block stamp, 6, the cutting structure parts, 61, the cutting structure body.
Figure 26 is for preventing that drift and dowel bar from rotating, the structural concept sketch map when between dowel bar and bit body, adopting spline to be connected.
Figure 27 comes off the structural concept sketch map when on dowel bar and bit body, being provided with the slip-off preventing step for what prevent drift and dowel bar etc.Among the figure: 12, bit body slip-off preventing step, 3223, dowel bar slip-off preventing step.
Figure 28 is that composite drill bit is in the structural representation of air defense when beating the position.
The specific embodiment
Following non-limiting examples is used to explain the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Like Fig. 1 to Fig. 4, Figure 10, Figure 17 and shown in Figure 23; Combined drill is cut-impacted to a kind of scraping; Comprise bit body 1, the hydraulic structure that bit body 1 is provided with stationary cutting structure 2, impacts cutting structure 3 and be made up of runner 41 and nozzle 42, stationary cutting structure 2 includes fixedly cutting teeth 21; Impacting cutting structure 3 comprises the force transmission mechanism 32 that transmits impact force and impacts cutting teeth 31; Force transmission mechanism 32 comprises drift 321, dowel bar 322 and anvil body 323, and impact cutting teeth 31 is cemented on the drift 321 of force transmission mechanism 32 ends, and drift 321 can be done slip with respect to bit body 1 on the impact force direction of transfer.Composite drill bit does not comprise beater mechanism, has 3 fixedly wing 22,3 cover impact cutting unit, fixedly wings 22 and drift 321 alternate layouts.Be provided with sealing device (like the sealing ring 325 between dowel bar among Fig. 3 322 and the bit body 1) between bit body 1 and the force transmission mechanism 32.Fixedly cutting teeth 21 can be composite polycrystal-diamond, TSP cutting teeth, natural diamond cutting teeth, impregnated with diamond cutting piece, impregnated with diamond cutting teeth, carbide cutting tooth, diamond reinforcement carbide cutting tooth, cubic boron nitride cutting teeth, ceramic cutting teeth with impacting cutting teeth 31 difference; The cutting teeth that perhaps comprises diamond or cubic boron nitride, and other similar teeth applicable to the various types of materials on the drill bit.The profile of tooth of impacting cutting teeth 31 can be blunt conical-ended shape insert, chisel teeth, hemi-spherical ended shape insert, wedge crested chisel insert and scoop chisel insert, also can be the tooth with other shape of good impact rock breaking efficiency.For TSP, natural diamond or impregnated with diamond cutting teeth; In the bad ground that hardness is high, plasticity is big, abrasiveness is strong, often adopt the high cloth tooth density fixedly cutting teeth that abrasion resistance is good (like composite polycrystal-diamond, TSP, natural diamond or impregnated with diamond cutting teeth) to be arranged on the bit body on the stationary cutting structure drill bit.Because cloth tooth density is high; Cutting teeth wedging depth of stratum is limited; Fixedly cutting teeth often is difficult to effectively scrape and cuts the broken rock in stratum; And creep into the broken rock of the extremely low lapping mode of efficient, so TSP, natural diamond or impregnated with diamond cutting teeth all are not suitable for being applied on the cutting structure of wing formula usually.The present invention is owing to combine stationary cutting structure with the impact cutting structure; Impacting cutting teeth adopts the hard-metal insert of good impact toughness or diamond to do the hard-metal insert that the surface is strengthened; Can obviously improve the fixedly degree of depth on cutting teeth wedging stratum; Can reduce the fixedly cloth tooth density of cutting teeth thus, thereby make the strong cutting teeth of abrasion resistance be applied on the stationary cutting structure (like wing formula stationary cutting structure) than bare cloth tooth density, and cut brokenly rock to gobble to scrape deeply.Above-mentioned mode of priority can obviously be widened the scope of application and the mode of occupation of the good cutting teeth of abrasion resistance, for bad ground provides more efficient rock-breaking means.And this moment, good wear-resisting cutting teeth is combined with the impact teeth with good impact toughness, and the combination of the two can obviously improve drilling efficiency and the drilling life of bit of drill bit in bad ground again.Shown in figure 23, the impact cutting teeth 31 on the drift 321 adopts diamond to do the hard-metal insert that the surface is strengthened.Stationary cutting structure is mutually compound with the impact cutting structure, promptly on fixed cutter drill bits, increase and impact cutting structure, utilize and impact the percussion of cutting teeth rock, surperficial formation is pressed into hole or broken hole in the shaft bottom, makes the shaft bottom become uneven.This can reduce the fixedly difficulty and the broken rock energy consumption of cutting teeth wedging rock; And improve the fixedly cooling effect of cutting teeth; Thereby improve the efficiency of breaking rock and the application life of fixed cutter drill bits, widen the scope of application of drill bit at bad grounds such as high abrasive, high rigidity and high inhomogeneities.The impact cutting teeth 31 that impacts cutting structure 3 can be arranged within the radially coverage of fixedly cutting teeth 21 of stationary cutting structure 2, also can independently arrange the radially coverage overlaid of stationary cutting structure cutting teeth (not with), or part is independent arranges.As preferably, impact cutting teeth 31 and arranges in radially overlapping covering that with fixing cutting teeth 21 cutting teeth that impacts cutting structure 3 is arranged within drill bit radius 1/3rd radial extension in addition (shown in figure 10); Generally; When in common stratum, creeping into, the drill bit heart portion broken task amount in zone is less and be easy to fragmentation, and heart portion is relatively large with the broken task amount of exterior domain; The cutting teeth wearing and tearing want fast than heart portion; Therefore, area arrangements impact cutting teeth helps the fragmentation of corresponding region rock beyond heart portion, and slows down the fixedly wearing and tearing of cutting teeth.Drift 321 on the impact cutting structure 3 is fixed each other with dowel bar 322 to be a fixing integral body, and dowel bar 322 and anvil body 323 are slidingly connected (mechanism principle figure is shown in figure 17).
Embodiment 2:
Present embodiment and embodiment 1 are basic identical; Its difference is: certain or each impact that dowel bar has two in the cutting unit; The characteristics of motion of two dowel bars has nothing in common with each other, and has relative motion each other, and one of them dowel bar (one) 3221 is fixedly connected with drift 321; Another dowel bar (two) 3222 is hinged with anvil body 323, is connected through the hinge between two dowel bars (like Fig. 5 and shown in Figure 180).Far away and its impact direction greatly the time, adopts two dowel bars that are hinged to be easier to realize the transformation of impact direction and the transmission of impact force with the drill axis angle from bit central when drift 321.Be provided with anvil body supporting positive cover 324 (like Fig. 5 and shown in Figure 6) between anvil body 323 and the bit body 1; Or directly process the surface that forms matched in clearance with bit body 1 endoporus on the anvil body 323, realize the relative slip of 1 of anvil body 323 and bit body and set upright location (as shown in Figure 7).
Embodiment 3:
Present embodiment and embodiment 1 or embodiment 2 are basic identical, and its difference is: composite drill bit has 2 fixedly wing 22,2 cover impact cutting unit, fixedly wings 22 and drift 321 alternate layouts (as shown in Figure 8).Adopt less fixedly wing and impact cutting unit, be easy to the small-sized of drill bit, help the application of composite drill bit in slim-hole.
Embodiment 4:
Present embodiment and embodiment 1 or embodiment 2 are basic identical, and its difference is: asymmetric layout between the fixedly wing 22 of composite drill bit and the drift 321.As shown in Figure 9, composite drill bit has 3 fixedly wing 22,2 cover impact cutting units, and fixedly wing 22 is arranged with drift 321 asymmetric (part is not alternate).
Embodiment 5:
Present embodiment and the foregoing description are basic identical, and its difference is: the impact cutting teeth 31 that impacts cutting structure 3 is arranged within the radial extension beyond the drill bit radius 1/2nd (shown in figure 11).
Embodiment 6:
Present embodiment and embodiment 5 are basic identical, and its difference is: the impact cutting teeth 31 that impacts cutting structure 3 is arranged within the radial extension beyond the drill bit radius 2/3rds (shown in figure 12).Generally; The obviously regional tooth of cutter-wear rate of fixed cutter drill bits exterior zone (the particularly zone beyond the drill bit radius 2/3rds) faster than heart portion; The broken rock effect of impacting cutting teeth can make this zone can also reduce its rate of wear when fixedly the cutting teeth efficiency of breaking rock improves, and the rate of wear of the fixedly cutting teeth of drill bit heart portion zone and exterior zone is approached synchronously.
Embodiment 7:
Present embodiment and the foregoing description are basic identical, and its difference is: the impact cutting teeth 31 that impacts cutting structure 3 is arranged in drill bit radius 1/3rd with (shown in figure 13) within the interior radial extension.The centre of drill bit has an inner cone zone usually; When in the big stratum of the high fragility of hardness, creeping into; Near the drill bit heart portion zone impact cutting teeth is set; Under the percussion of impacting cutting teeth, be easier to the brittle crush (being volumetric fracture) of heart portion rock, help improving the drill bit drilling efficiency.
Embodiment 8:
Present embodiment and the foregoing description are basic identical; Its difference is: the impact cutting teeth 31 that impacts cutting structure 3 is arranged in except that waiting in the whole radial extension the fraction zone (shown in figure 14) in bit central and rule footpath; Like Figure 15, shown in Figure 16, be provided with near the center of drill bit and have the inclination portion's drift 3211.In the bad ground high in intensity, that plasticity is big; All be furnished with the impact cutting teeth in the whole radial extension of drill bit; Can in whole radial zone, increase the uneven property of bottom rock; Improve in the whole radial extension the fixedly efficiency of breaking rock and the cooling effect of cutting teeth, and then efficiency of breaking rock and the application life of raising composite drill bit in this kind bad ground.
Embodiment 9:
Present embodiment and the foregoing description are basic identical; Its difference is: drift 321 is fixedly connected with dowel bar 322, and dowel bar 322 is connected with anvil body 323 hinges, is provided with swing slide block 328 between dowel bar 322 and the bit body 1; Swing slide block 328 is hinged with dowel bar 322; Swing slide block 328 is slidingly connected (like Figure 19 and shown in Figure 20) with bit body 1, has promptly formed and both allows relative slip through swinging 328 of cunnings between dowel bar 322 and the bit body 1, allows again to connect in relative rotation; Dowel bar 322 and drift 321 both bit body 1 slip relatively also can rotate around the center of rotation of swing slide block 328.When the impact direction of drift 321 and drill bit shaft when angle is big, the introducing of swing slide block 328 can make the transmission of impact force more smooth and easy.
Embodiment 10:
Present embodiment and embodiment 9 are basic identical; Its difference is: shown in figure 21; Swing slide block 328 is slidingly connected with dowel bar 322; Swing slide block 328 is hinged with bit body 1, and dowel bar 322 and drift 321 both bit body 1 slip relatively also can rotate around the center of rotation of swing slide block 328.The effect of present embodiment and embodiment 9 are basic identical.
Embodiment 11:
In the present embodiment, the impact direction of said impact cutting structure is parallel to the drill axis direction.Shown in figure 22, with this understanding, transmission mechanism 32 need not labyrinth, only needs drive link 322 fixed drifts 321 to get final product.Other technologies scheme those skilled in the art can be under feasible prerequisite independent assortment in the manual technical scheme or other embodiment.
Embodiment 12:
Present embodiment and the foregoing description are basic identical, and its difference is: composite drill bit comprises beater mechanism 33, and beater mechanism 33 is integral structure (shown in figure 24) with bit body.The impact force that beater mechanism 33 is produced during drill bit work acts on the anvil body 323 of force transmission mechanism 32 through the block stamp on the beater mechanism 33 331.Integral structure makes that the composite drill bit internal construction is compacter, reliability is higher.
Embodiment 13:
Present embodiment and embodiment 12 are basic identical; Its difference is: bit body 1 adopts split-type structural; Be formed by connecting impactor body that is provided with beater mechanism 51 and the cutting structure body 61 that is provided with stationary cutting structure 2 and impact cutting structure 3; The hollow part that beater mechanism is installed in impactor body 51 forms impactor parts 5, and stationary cutting structure 2, impact cutting structure 3 and cutting structure body 61 constitute cutting structure parts 6 (shown in figure 25).The impact force that impactor parts 5 are produced during drill bit work acts on the anvil body 323 of force transmission mechanism through the block stamp on the beater mechanism 52.Adopt split-type structural to help the manufacturing and the use of composite drill bit, impactor parts 5 can be made respectively with cutting structure parts 6, go into to fit together before well uses again.
Embodiment 14:
In the present embodiment, for preventing the rotation of drill bit when work dowel bar 322 and drift 321 grades, between drift 321 and the bit body 1 or (and) be provided with anti-rotation structure between dowel bar 322 and the bit body 1.Shown in figure 26, spline is set between dowel bar 322 and the bit body 1 connects, rotate around the dowel bar axle in the course of the work to avoid dowel bar 322 and drift 321 grades.
Embodiment 15:
In the present embodiment, for preventing coming off of dowel bar 322 and drift 321 grades, between drift 321 and the bit body 1 or (and) be provided with anti-drop structure between dowel bar 322 and the bit body 1.Shown in figure 27, on dowel bar 322 and bit body 1, be respectively arranged with slip-off preventing step 3223 and 12, come off from drill bit under the pulling capacity effect in order to avoid dowel bar 322 and drift 321 grades.
Embodiment 16:
In the present embodiment, for prevent that drill bit is lowered in the process or on block stamp is to the hammering of anvil body 323 when carrying drill bit, composite drill bit is provided with air defense knotting structure.Shown in figure 28; When drill bit does not contact the shaft bottom; Because the effect of gravity and circulation of fluid inside and outside differential pressure; Impact anvil body 323, dowel bar 322, the drift 321 in the cutting structure 3 and impact cutting teeth 31 and can impact cutting teeth 31 protruded in outside the envelope contour face of stationary cutting structure cutting teeth 21, impact cutting structure 3 residing positions this moment and beat the position for air defense together to lower slider one segment distance.On this position, the air defense of beater mechanism sets meter can make the jump bit in the beater mechanism stop the hammering to the anvil body, to realize the no-load protection of impact cutting structure.
The above is merely preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to restriction the present invention, all any modifications of within spirit of the present invention and principle, being done, is equal to and replaces and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. scrape and cut-impact combined drill for one kind; Comprise bit body (1) and be cemented in the stationary cutting structure (2) on the bit body (1); It is characterized in that: said bit body (1) also is provided with and impacts cutting structure (3); Impacting cutting structure (3) comprises the force transmission mechanism (32) that transmits impact force and impacts cutting teeth (31); Impact cutting teeth (31) and be cemented on the terminal drift (321) of force transmission mechanism (32), said drift (321) can be done slip with respect to bit body (1) or slide and impact on the impact force direction of transfer.
2. combined drill is cut-impacted to a kind of scraping according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: said bit body (1) also is provided with the beater mechanism (33) that produces impact force and transmitted impact force by said force transmission mechanism (32).
3. combined drill is cut-impacted to a kind of scraping according to claim 2; It is characterized in that: said bit body (1) adopts split-type structural; Be formed by connecting impactor body (51) that is provided with said beater mechanism and the cutting structure body (61) that is provided with said stationary cutting structure (2) and impacts cutting structure (3), beater mechanism is installed in the hollow part of impactor body (51).
4. cut-impact combined drill according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described a kind of scraping, it is characterized in that: be furnished with said impact cutting teeth (31) in the radial zone beyond the drill bit radius 1/3rd.
5. cut-impact combined drill according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described a kind of scraping, it is characterized in that: be furnished with said impact cutting teeth (31) in the radial zone beyond the drill bit radius 1/2nd.
6. cut-impact combined drill according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described a kind of scraping, it is characterized in that: be furnished with said impact cutting teeth (31) in the radial zone beyond the drill bit radius 2/3rds.
7. cut-impact combined drill according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described a kind of scraping, it is characterized in that: drill bit radius 1/3rd is to be furnished with said impact cutting teeth (31) in the interior radial zone.
8. cut-impact combined drill according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described a kind of scraping; It is characterized in that: said force transmission mechanism (32) comprises anvil body (323), dowel bar (322) and the drift (321) that connects successively; Form relatively between anvil body (323) and the bit body (1) and slide; Form relatively between dowel bar (322) and the bit body (1) and slide, or both allowed relative slip, allow again to connect in relative rotation through swing slide block (328) formation; Said drift (321) is connected the end of dowel bar (322), or constitutes an integral element with dowel bar (322).
9. combined drill is cut-impacted to a kind of scraping according to claim 8; It is characterized in that: in same impact cutting unit; The quantity of dowel bar is one or more than one; When the quantity of dowel bar during more than one, each dowel bar is connected in series each other, wherein has each other between the adjacent dowel bar of relative motion to be connected through the hinge.
10. cut-impact combined drill according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described a kind of scraping; It is characterized in that: the fixedly cutting teeth (21) on the said stationary cutting structure (2) is a composite polycrystal-diamond; Also can be TSP, natural diamond and impregnated with diamond cutting teeth; The impact cutting teeth (31) that impacts on the cutting structure (3) is a hard-metal insert, or does the hard-metal insert that the surface is strengthened with diamond.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210155406.8A CN102678055B (en) | 2012-05-18 | 2012-05-18 | One scrape cut-impact combined drill |
| PCT/CN2013/075839 WO2013170788A1 (en) | 2012-05-18 | 2013-05-17 | Combination scraping and impacting drill bit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210155406.8A CN102678055B (en) | 2012-05-18 | 2012-05-18 | One scrape cut-impact combined drill |
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| CN102678055A true CN102678055A (en) | 2012-09-19 |
| CN102678055B CN102678055B (en) | 2015-10-28 |
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| CN201210155406.8A Active CN102678055B (en) | 2012-05-18 | 2012-05-18 | One scrape cut-impact combined drill |
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| CN (1) | CN102678055B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2013170788A1 (en) |
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| CN202673148U (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2013-01-16 | 西南石油大学 | Cross scraping-impacting combined type drill bit |
| CN102678052A (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2012-09-19 | 西南石油大学 | Disc cutter composite drill bit |
| CN102678051B (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2017-05-03 | 西南石油大学 | Disc-type composite drill bit with impact cutting structure |
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2012
- 2012-05-18 CN CN201210155406.8A patent/CN102678055B/en active Active
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2013
- 2013-05-17 WO PCT/CN2013/075839 patent/WO2013170788A1/en active Application Filing
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| CN101368473A (en) * | 2008-10-14 | 2009-02-18 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Steering mechanism of impact pike |
| WO2012039630A1 (en) * | 2010-09-21 | 2012-03-29 | Flexidrill Limited | Hybrid drill bit |
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| WO2013170788A1 (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2013-11-21 | 西南石油大学 | Combination scraping and impacting drill bit |
| CN102900371A (en) * | 2012-10-18 | 2013-01-30 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Impacting and rotary-cut combined rock breaking tool |
| CN103089154A (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2013-05-08 | 西南石油大学 | Composite drill bit |
| CN103089154B (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2015-07-08 | 西南石油大学 | Composite drill bit |
| CN103835660A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-06-04 | 郑州神利达钻采设备有限公司 | Intelligent retraction type composite drill bit |
| CN105649539A (en) * | 2016-04-05 | 2016-06-08 | 武汉亿斯达工具有限公司 | Combined cutting PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) bit provided with breaking hammer |
| CN106089087B (en) * | 2016-08-02 | 2019-02-15 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of punching composite drill bit suitable for bad ground |
| CN106089087A (en) * | 2016-08-02 | 2016-11-09 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of die-cut composite drill bit being applicable to bad ground |
| CN110678621A (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2020-01-10 | J·M·伊夫 | Hybrid drill bit comprising an earth-boring element and a percussion element for drilling an earth formation |
| CN110678621B (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2022-04-19 | J·M·伊夫 | Hybrid drill bit comprising an earth-boring element and a percussion element for drilling an earth formation |
| US11421483B2 (en) | 2017-03-07 | 2022-08-23 | Jonathan M. Eve | Hybrid bit including earth-boring and percussion elements for drilling earth formations |
| CN107558930A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-01-09 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of PDC impact head drill bits with pre-impact effect |
| CN111236848A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-06-05 | 西南石油大学 | Controllable electromagnetic drive type impact-scraping composite drill bit and method |
| CN111236848B (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2021-07-20 | 西南石油大学 | Controllable electromagnetic drive type impact-scraping composite drill bit and method |
| CN115370295A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-22 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Impact-resistant PDC drill bit with buffering and damping functions |
| CN115370295B (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2023-07-14 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | PDC drill bit shocks resistance with buffering shock-absorbing function |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102678055B (en) | 2015-10-28 |
| WO2013170788A1 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
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