CN102678050B - A kind of have the gear wheel composite drill bit impacting cutting structure - Google Patents
A kind of have the gear wheel composite drill bit impacting cutting structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN102678050B CN102678050B CN201210155407.2A CN201210155407A CN102678050B CN 102678050 B CN102678050 B CN 102678050B CN 201210155407 A CN201210155407 A CN 201210155407A CN 102678050 B CN102678050 B CN 102678050B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of gear wheel composite drill bit with impact cutting structure, belong to the drilling equipment rock crushing tool fields such as petroleum gas, mine engineering, building foundation engineering construction, geology, the hydrology, comprise bit body and gear wheel cutting structure, bit body is also provided with impact cutting structure, impact cutting structure and comprise the force transmission mechanism and impact cutting teeth that transmit impact force, impacting cutting teeth is cemented on the drift of force transmission mechanism end, and drift can slide relative to bit body or impact of sliding on impact force direction of transfer.Compared with traditional rock bit, the present invention has higher efficiency of breaking rock, and longer drilling life of bit, effectively can reduce drilling cost; Be particularly useful for more firmly waiting bad ground.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the drilling equipment rock crushing tool fields such as petroleum gas, mine engineering, building foundation engineering construction, geology, the hydrology.
Background technology
Drill bit is in order to fractured rock, the rock crushing tool forming pit shaft in drilling engineering.Tricone bit and percussion bit (also claiming rotary percussion drill bit or bore bit) are conventional rock crushing tools.
Tricone bit mainly breaks rock with the form crushing (tooth press-in rock causes catalase), and applicable formation volumes is wider, but capacity usage ratio is not high, and efficiency of breaking rock is relatively low.Particularly when deep formation creeps into, under high density drilling fluid action condition, the cuttings hold-down effect in shaft bottom is fairly obvious, and tooth is difficult to press-in stratum and is formed effective broken, and drill bit rate of penetration is very limited.Bearing life is low is one of the principal element in restriction tricone bit application life.Tricone bit needs the efficiency of breaking rock that large the pressure of the drill guarantee is higher, so the load amplitude of bearing is high, the operating principle that simultaneously gear wheel upper teeth replaces fractured rock must cause axis or the extensional vibration of drill bit, and bearing load fluctuation by a relatively large margin.In addition cone bit bearing is in the work under bad environment of down-hole, and the life-span of bearing seal is difficult to ensure, therefore the bearing life of tricone bit is relatively short.
Percussion bit is the fixed teeth rock crushing tool coordinating down-the-hole air hammer (i.e. down-hole hammer) to use in rotary percussion drilling.Percussion bit do not have moveable element, the consolidation cutting teeth that can cover region to be broken, shaft bottom of some on bit body.Cutting teeth is mainly the carbide alloy similar to rock bit teeth patterning or diamond composite dental.The rock breaking mechanism of percussion bit and the crushing mechanism of rock bit have significant difference.Percussion bit relies on the fragmentation of instant impact realization to bottom rock of its tooth.The upper end of percussion bit is connected to down-the-hole air hammer, down-the-hole air hammer operationally, its block stamp moves back and forth under the effect of circulation of fluid (drilling fluid or gas circulatory mediator), repeatedly clash into drill bit or bore bit, thus be that the drill teeth contacted with bottom rock provides pulsatile impact load, under the instant impact effect of tooth, there is fragmentation in rock.Because the shock loading of drill bit depends on down-the-hole air hammer, so, (this feature and rock bit have remarkable difference not need to apply very large the pressure of the drill in the percussion bit course of work, rock bit must could obtain higher efficiency of breaking rock in wammel pressure), only with very little the pressure of the drill, drill bit need be pressed in shaft bottom.Under normal circumstances, percussion bit can obtain higher efficiency of breaking rock when the brittle formation that brittle formation is particularly harder is crept into.In addition, at the easy deviation strata that stratigraphic dip is larger, adopt percussion bit to creep into and be conducive to reducing hole deviation trend.But because percussion bit is fixed teeth drill bit, when there being a small amount of cutting teeth to damage inefficacy, it is responsible for broken well bottom zone cannot be broken, this is by the efficiency of breaking rock of the whole drill bit of impact and drilling ability, the inefficacy of a small amount of cutting teeth can cause the infringement of bit body very soon, and then affects the application life of drill bit.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: provide a kind of and there is the gear wheel composite drill bit impacting cutting structure, gear wheel step cutting structure bit increases and impacts cutting structure, combined drill can improve efficiency of breaking rock under the synergy impacted and crush, increase drilling life of bit, in the bad ground that particularly, abrasiveness higher in intensity is stronger, there is obvious technical advantage.
The object of the invention is realized by following technical proposals:
A kind of have the gear wheel composite drill bit (abbreviation composite drill bit) impacting cutting structure, comprise bit body and be arranged on the gear wheel cutting structure on bit body, described bit body is also provided with impact cutting structure, impact cutting structure and comprise the force transmission mechanism and impact cutting teeth that transmit impact force, impacting cutting teeth is cemented on the drift of force transmission mechanism end, and described drift can slide relative to bit body or impact of sliding on impact force direction of transfer.
Particularly, gear wheel-impact combined drill comprises bit body, gear wheel cutting structure, impact cutting structure and hydraulic structure, also the beater mechanism producing impact force can be comprised, impact cutting structure and comprise the force transmission mechanism and impact cutting teeth that transmit impact force, force transmission mechanism comprises the anvil body connected successively, dowel bar and drift, relative sliding is formed between anvil body and bit body, relative sliding is formed between dowel bar and bit body, or both allowed relative sliding by swinging slide block formation, allow again to connect in relative rotation, drift is connected to the end of dowel bar, impacting cutting teeth is cemented on drift, drift can slide relative to bit body or impact of sliding on impact force direction of transfer.Described bit body is in order to attachment, supporting or receiving drill bit gear wheel cutting structure, impacts the matrix of cutting structure and beater mechanism, is also the matrix installed nozzle, form drill bit runner.The upper end (be also circulation of fluid arrival end, be called for short arrival end) of bit body is provided with the screw thread connecting drill string.The top of bit body is tubular structure, and its tube wall had both had and transmits the function of the pressure of the drill, also play by pipe, the effect that is isolated of the pipe external space, its pore space is for arranging the elements such as anvil body in force transmission mechanism, and beater mechanism also can be located therein.The bottom of bit body is mainly the matrix of gear wheel cutting structure, it has been offered the hole in order to hold dowel bar or groove, has also offered circulation of fluid spray-hole.Except the extending part of drift, impact cutting teeth and dowel bar, the other parts of impacting cutting structure are all positioned at the inner space of bit body, and install from top to bottom according to the order of anvil body-dowel bar-drift.When composite drill bit comprises beater mechanism, top-down erection sequence is: beater mechanism-anvil body-dowel bar-drift, and the impact force action that beater mechanism produces on anvil body, then is transmitted to dowel bar, drift by anvil body.The upper surface of anvil body is the work plane of load of withstanding shocks, and lower end is connected with dowel bar, can be and is slidably connected, and also can be hinged (i.e. chain connection), or directly connects.When employing is slidably connected, can along contact surface relative sliding between anvil body and dowel bar; When adopting articulated manner to connect, can relatively rotate around hinged center between anvil body and dowel bar.The mode such as drift screw thread, interference fit, pin, welding is connected to the other end of dowel bar, or forms an integral element with dowel bar.Drift, consolidation impact cutting teeth thereon and the dowel bar matched form one and impact cutting unit, and the quantity of impacting cutting unit can only have one, also can have several.In same impact cutting unit, the quantity of dowel bar is one or more than one, and when the quantity of dowel bar is more than one, each dowel bar is mutually connected in series, is connected through the hinge between the adjacent dowel bar wherein each other with relative motion.Connection between force transmission mechanism and bit body and between each element of force transmission mechanism or mounting means, enable drift slide relative to bit body on shock loading direction of transfer.Gear wheel cutting structure is arranged on bit body bottom, includes the wheel palm and gear wheel, and the wheel palm is integrated with bit body consolidation, and gear wheel is arranged on the axle journal of the wheel palm, slaps formation and is rotationally connected, gear wheel is provided with gear wheel cutting teeth with wheel.Hydraulic structure mainly comprises the inside and outside portion runner of drilling circulation medium, and is arranged on the nozzle in inner flow passage exit.Drill bit being also provided with some auxiliary elements, comprising for ensureing the correct operating position of anvil body and the location centralizing cover that arranges, and be the connection realized between anvil body and dowel bar and the element such as slide block, bearing pin that arranges, and potted component etc.
One of key of the present invention is: gear wheel cutting structure and impact cutting structure combine and form combined cut structure, impact cutting teeth on drift constantly impacts shaft bottom with certain frequency under impact force action, coordinates the gear wheel cutting structure on drill bit jointly to complete the fragmentation to bottom rock to the granulitization of rock.About gear wheel cutting structure with impact the arrangement of cutting structure on bit body and quantity, those skilled in the art can have numerous selection in conjunction with prior art under the instruction of this manual, and these technical schemes are all within scope.
Two of key of the present invention is: drift can slide relative to bit body or impact of sliding on impact force direction of transfer.Resultant effect is: the first, and the pressure of the drill be delivered on bit body by drill string can not be applied to and impact on cutting teeth, thus avoids impact cutting teeth contingent Fast Wearing under lasting large the pressure of the drill effect; The second, impact the pulsatile impact load of cutting structure and can not be delivered on bit body and even drill string, avoid the adverse effect that the safety of pulsatile impact load to bit body and even drill string may cause; 3rd, contribute to the realization of beater mechanism blank-run prevention function.About impacting in cutting structure in order to realize drift on impact direction relative to the frame mode that bit body slides; those skilled in the art can have numerous selection in conjunction with prior art under the instruction of this manual, and these technical schemes are all within scope.
Impact cutting teeth on described impact cutting structure and the gear wheel cutting teeth on gear wheel cutting structure can be hard-metal insert respectively, or make the hard-metal insert strengthened on surface of diamond.The profile of tooth being used as the hard-metal insert impacting cutting teeth can be hemi-spherical ended shape insert, blunt conical-ended shape insert, chisel teeth, wedge crested chisel insert and scoop chisel insert, also can be the tooth of other shape with good rock fracture in dynamic indentation effect.
The slide plane that force transmission mechanism (mainly dowel bar) matches with bit body arranges sealing device, avoid the leakage of circulation of fluid and fluid in leakage process to the erosion of dowel bar, bit body, simultaneously, due to circulation of fluid at the pressure of bit body inner chamber higher than outside bit body, external and internal pressure difference acts on force transmission mechanism, produce the thrust of drift to extrapolation, this thrust can make the cutting teeth on drift press rock surface, is conducive to the rock fracture in dynamic indentation efficiency improving cutting teeth.
The impact cutting teeth of described impact cutting structure can be arranged within the radial coverage of described gear wheel cutting structure gear wheel cutting teeth, also can independently arrange (not overlapping with the radial coverage of gear wheel cutting structure gear wheel cutting teeth), or the independent layout of part.
As preferred embodiment, the impact cutting teeth of described impact cutting structure is arranged radial overlapping covering with described gear wheel cutting structure gear wheel cutting teeth, and the impact cutting teeth impacting cutting structure is arranged within the radial zone beyond drill bit radius 1/3rd.
As preferred embodiment, the impact cutting teeth of described impact cutting structure is arranged radial overlapping covering with described gear wheel cutting structure gear wheel cutting teeth, and the impact cutting teeth impacting cutting structure is arranged within the radial zone beyond drill bit radius 1/2nd.
As preferred embodiment, the impact cutting teeth of described impact cutting structure is arranged radial overlapping covering with described gear wheel cutting structure gear wheel cutting teeth, and the impact cutting teeth of described impact cutting structure is arranged within the radial zone beyond drill bit radius 2/3rds.
As preferred embodiment, the impact cutting teeth of described impact cutting structure is arranged within the radial zone within drill bit radius 1/3rd.
Described force transmission mechanism also can be provided with anti-rotation structure, rotate around dowel bar axle in the course of the work to avoid drift.
Described force transmission mechanism also can be provided with anti-drop structure, come off from drill bit under the extrapolability or pulling capacity effect of drilling fluid, gravity etc. to avoid drift and dowel bar.
As preferred embodiment, the cutting teeth of described impact cutting structure adopts conisphere shape, the hard-metal insert of spherical or wedge shape or diamond composite hard alloy tooth.
As preferred embodiment, when described gear wheel-impact combined drill comprises beater mechanism, bit body adopts split-type structural, beater mechanism and corresponding bit body portions thereof can be separated from composite drill bit, forms independent parts.Now bit body is formed by connecting with the cutting structure body being provided with gear wheel cutting structure and impact cutting structure by the impactor body being provided with beater mechanism, beater mechanism is arranged on the hollow part of impactor body, and impactor body is used for holding, installing beater mechanism.Now, composite drill bit is just divided into two functionally upper relatively independent parts with manufacture, i.e. the impactor on top and the rock crushing tool of bottom.The function of impactor is just to provide pulsatile impact power, and the function of rock crushing tool transmits impact force exactly, and implements the direct fragmentation to rock together with gear wheel cutting structure.Adopt split-type structural to be more conducive to manufacture and the use of composite drill bit, impactor parts and rock crushing tool parts can manufacture respectively, enter before well uses and fit together.
For the gear wheel-impact combined drill comprising beater mechanism, its course of work is:
Gear wheel-impact combined drill is connected to the least significant end of drill string, and after entering well, drill bit moves closer to, arrive shaft bottom.(when circulation of fluid is drilling fluid, driving arrangement is borehole pump to start circulation of fluid driving arrangement; When circulation of fluid be gas or be mainly gas time, driving arrangement is gas compressor), make circulation of fluid in the inside and outside circulation of drill string.Drill bit applies the pressure of the drill, and start rotary drilling, namely the cutting teeth on bit cone cutting structure starts broken bottom rock.Meanwhile, because drilling fluid has started circulation, under the driving of drill string fluid circulating inside, beater mechanism is started working, apply the pulsatile impact load of certain frequency scope continuously to anvil body, shock loading is passed to dowel bar by anvil body, then is passed to drift, finally be applied to and impact on cutting teeth, thus realize impacting cutting structure to the fragmentation of bottom rock.After circulation of fluid flows through beater mechanism, then flowed out from bit port or nozzle by inner flow passage, complete cooling cutting teeth, cleaning drill bit, bottom-hole cleaning and cutting carring function.Although the broken rock work of gear wheel cutting structure and impact cutting structure is carried out separately, rock breaking mechanism is also different, each other useful influencing each other can occur.Combined drill usually with gear wheel cutting structure for primary cutting structures, impact cutting structure be assisted machining structure.Gear wheel cutting structure on composite drill bit is just equivalent to a common rock bit, and the key of its efficiency of breaking rock is that on gear wheel, cutting teeth is to the granulitization of rock.If increase crushing effect, usually can only increase the pressure of the drill, and the increase of the pressure of the drill is limited, and increases wearing and tearing and fatigue failure that the pressure of the drill can aggravate gear wheel cutting teeth, reduce the application life of gear wheel inner bearing, thus reduce the working life of drill bit.The essence of technical solution of the present invention is exactly introduce to impact cutting structure on gear wheel step cutting structure bit, and this technical scheme can promote efficiency of breaking rock and the cutting teeth working life of gear wheel cutting structure significantly.Gear wheel cutting structure is pressed into stratum by force mainly through the cutting teeth on gear wheel and forces catalase, and namely break rock in the mode of extruding, it needs great pressing-in force.Impact cutting structure and rely on impact cutting teeth to the pulsatile impact load fractured rock of rock certain frequency, the respective regions in shaft bottom forms broken hole or press-in one by one and cheats, and under the direct help impacting cutting structure, can improve the efficiency of breaking rock of drill bit.And the process of impacting cutting structure fractured rock does not need to apply the pressure of the drill substantially.Therefore, can be issued in relatively little the pressure of the drill effect without broken rock drilling effect during beater mechanism during larger the pressure of the drill, slow down wearing and tearing and the damage of gear wheel cutting teeth compared with bradawl pressure energy, and improve bearing life, thus extend drilling life of bit.
In the impact cutting structure of composite drill bit, each element (comprising anvil body, dowel bar, drift and cutting teeth etc.) bearing pulsatile impact load can slide relative to bit body or impact of sliding on shock loading direction of transfer.Like this, in the normal drilling process of drill bit, impact cutting structure and do not bear the pressure of the drill from drill string and bit body, gear wheel cutting structure does not withstand shocks the pulsatile impact load of cutting structure yet.This feature both can avoid pulsatile impact load to the damage of gear wheel cutting structure cutting teeth, bearing, bit body and even upper drilling string or adverse effect, also can avoid the Fast Wearing that impact cutting teeth causes because continuing to bear large work the pressure of the drill.In addition, this feature is also for the blank-run prevention function realizing composite drill bit provides necessary condition.Enter under drill bit in process; due to the effect of gravity and circulatory mediator inside and outside differential pressure; impacting the anvil body in cutting structure, dowel bar, drift and impact cutting teeth can slide downward one segment distance together; impact cutting teeth is made to protrude from outside gear wheel cutting structure cutting teeth envelope contour face; now the position impacted residing for cutting structure is blank-run prevention position; on this position; the blank-run prevention design of beater mechanism can make the hammering of impact hammer stopping to anvil body in beater mechanism, to realize the no-load protection to impacting cutting structure.Move closer at drill bit, when arriving shaft bottom, first outstanding impact cutting teeth contacts shaft bottom, in place further then along with drill bit, the said elements impacted in cutting structure is retracted to normal operation position gradually.When drill bit is after shaft bottom is completely in place, drill bit starts rotary drilling, and impact cutting structure and gear wheel cutting structure start to break rock work normally.When needs being carried drill bit (as pulled out of hole or continued access drill string), along with the rising gradually of bit location, contrary with going down process, first gear wheel cutting structure on drill bit leaves shaft bottom, and impacts cutting teeth and still keep contacting with bottom rock, simultaneously, impact other related elements aforementioned in cutting structure relative to the downward slippage of bit body until arrive blank-run prevention position, after this impact cutting teeth no longer to withstand shocks load, then depart from shaft bottom, rise with drill bit other parts.
For the gear wheel-impact combined drill not comprising beater mechanism, the course of work producing pulsatile impact load is no longer completed by composite drill bit, and changes and completed by impactor.In addition, all the other courses of work are identical with the course of work of the gear wheel-impact combined drill comprising beater mechanism.Gear wheel-impact the combined drill not comprising beater mechanism is not a merit can completely drill bit, just must can go into the well use with corresponding impactor after supporting installation.In fact composite drill bit is now exactly the rock crushing tool parts of Split teeth wheel-impact combined drill.When specifically using, generally first supporting impactor and composite drill bit should be linked together (impactor is connected to composite drill bit upper end), and then the impactor combined, composite drill bit are connected to drill string end.After installing, use of can going into the well.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) on gear wheel cutting structure there is obvious lack of uniformity in the live load (the broken rock amount that on gear ring, each tooth is on average born) of each gear ring, the broken speed of the ring belt area, shaft bottom corresponding to the gear ring that live load is larger is relatively slow, the average amplitude of tooth load is just higher, and the rate of wear of tooth is also very fast.Under normal circumstances, the live load of each gear wheel time outer rows of teeth circle will apparently higher than other gear ring, and the failure conditions (mainly wear and tear, collapse tooth, fracture, fall tooth etc.) of tooth is usually also serious than other gear ring.The impact cutting teeth impacted on cutting structure can play the effect directly helping the gear ring fractured rock that live load is large, is namely conducive to improving drill bit efficiency of breaking rock, and the tooth on gear wheel can be made again to trend towards synchronous wearing and tearing or sync fail.
(2) process of impacting cutting structure fractured rock does not need to apply the pressure of the drill substantially, therefore, can be issued to without broken rock drilling effect during impact cutting structure during larger the pressure of the drill in relatively little the pressure of the drill effect.The reduction of the pressure of the drill can slow down wearing and tearing and the damage of gear wheel cutting teeth, improves bearing life simultaneously, and then extends drilling life of bit.
(3) under normal conditions, rock bit operationally cone shell directly do not contact with rock.But under some special operation condition (when the borehole diameter as combined drilling operating mode and shaft bottom place is obviously greater than bit diameter), drill bit often can rotate broken rock departing under the oculocentric condition of well.Now the coverage condition of each gear ring of drill bit to shaft bottom changes, shaft bottom likely occurs that drill teeth is difficult to effectively broken region, the rock in difficult broken region directly can contact with cone shell, rub, not only reduce drill bit efficiency of breaking rock, more seriously directly may cause that cone shell is worn out, fracture.By the impact cutting teeth in reasonable Arrangement composite drill bit, can effectively alleviate the generation of even stopping this phenomenon, improve the service behaviour of drill bit under this kind of complex work condition.
(4) force transmission mechanism in composite drill bit can slide relative to bit body on shock loading direction of transfer, resultant beneficial effect is: first, the pressure of the drill be delivered on bit body by drill string can not be applied to and impact on cutting teeth, thus avoids the Fast Wearing of impact cutting teeth under lasting large the pressure of the drill pressure holding; Second, the pulsatile impact load of impacting cutting structure can not be delivered on bit body and even drill string, gear wheel cutting structure does not withstand shocks the pulsatile impact load of cutting structure, and this can be avoided pulsatile impact load to the damage of gear wheel cutting structure cutting teeth, bearing, bit body and even upper drilling string or adverse effect; 3rd, contribute to the realization of beater mechanism blank-run prevention function.
(5) centre of conventional roller cone drill bit has an inner cone region usually, composite drill bit can arrange impact cutting structure in this region, under the impact force action impacting cutting teeth, more easily volumetric fracture is there is at the bottom of the tapered well of protuberance, the catalase speed in centre, shaft bottom is significantly accelerated, thus promotes the raising of drill bit efficiency of breaking rock.
(6) composite drill bit of whole (or close to all) radial zone in shaft bottom can be covered for gear wheel cutting structure, when beater mechanism or impact cutting structure due to a variety of causes cause losing efficacy or inefficiency time, gear wheel cutting structure still can work alone.This feature of composite drill bit is better than conventional percussion bit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention, and composite drill bit does not comprise beater mechanism, has 2 gear wheels, and 2 covers impact cutting unit, gear wheel layout alternate with drift.
Fig. 2 is that the composite drill bit shown in Fig. 1 is from the view (top view) when cutting structure end is viewed from tip side.
Fig. 3 does the impact cutting structure cross-sectional schematic after partial sectional to the composite drill bit shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the decomposing schematic representation (for showing installation relation, having carried out horizontal subdivision to bit body 1 from middle part) to composite drill bit shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is the structural principle schematic diagram being provided with anvil body supporting positive cover between anvil body of the present invention and bit body, and supporting positive cover plays righting location to anvil body.
Fig. 6 is that anvil body of the present invention is without the righting positioning principle schematic diagram (anvil body 323 contacts with the endoporus hole wall of bit body 1, forms matched in clearance, realizes the righting location of anvil body) during supporting positive cover.
Fig. 7 impacts composite drill bit radial drape tooth figure when cutting teeth is arranged in region beyond drill bit radius 1/3rd.
Fig. 8 impacts composite drill bit radial drape tooth figure when cutting teeth is arranged in region beyond drill bit radius 1/2nd.
Fig. 9 impacts cutting teeth to be arranged in drill bit radius 2/3rds with the radial drape tooth of composite drill bit during exterior domain figure.
Figure 10 impacts composite drill bit radial drape tooth figure when cutting teeth is arranged in region within drill bit radius 1/3rd.
Figure 11 impacts cutting teeth to be arranged in except composite drill bit radial drape tooth figure when bit central and the whole radial extension of advising except the fraction regions such as footpath.
Figure 12 is the force transmission mechanism principle schematic of structure shown in Fig. 1, and in this force transmission mechanism, drift is fixedly connected with dowel bar, and dowel bar and anvil body are formed and be slidably connected (sliding pair).
Figure 13 is the principle schematic of a kind of force transmission mechanism of the present invention, in this force transmission mechanism, impact in cutting unit and have 2 dowel bars, one of them dowel bar (one) is fixedly connected with drift (or being integral type structure), another dowel bar (two) is connected (formation revolute pair) by hinge with anvil body, is also connected (formation revolute pair) by hinge between 2 dowel bars.
Figure 14 is the principle schematic of a kind of force transmission mechanism of the present invention, in this force transmission mechanism, drift is fixedly connected with dowel bar, dowel bar and anvil body are connected through the hinge, swing slide block is provided with between dowel bar and bit body, swing slide block and dowel bar hinged, swing slide block and bit body are slidably connected, namely defined by swing slide block between dowel bar and bit body and both allowed relative sliding, allow again to connect in relative rotation, dowel bar and drift both can slide by relative bit body, also can rotate around the center of rotation swinging slide block.
Figure 15 is provided with swing slide block between the dowel bar of force transmission mechanism shown in Figure 14 and bit body, swings slide block and dowel bar hinged, structural representation when swing slide block and bit body are slidably connected.
Figure 16 is the principle schematic of a kind of force transmission mechanism of the present invention, in this force transmission mechanism, drift is fixedly connected with dowel bar, dowel bar and anvil body are connected through the hinge, be provided with swing slide block between dowel bar and bit body, swing slide block and dowel bar and be slidably connected, swing slide block and bit body hinged, dowel bar and drift both can slide by relative bit body, also can rotate around the center of rotation swinging slide block.
Figure 17 is the structural representation of a kind of force transmission mechanism of the present invention, and in this force transmission mechanism, drive link and drift consolidation, the impact direction impacting cutting structure is parallel to drill axis direction.
Figure 18 be impact cutting teeth of the present invention adopt diamond do surface strengthen hard-metal insert time schematic diagram.
Figure 19 comprises beater mechanism, and composite drill bit structural representation when adopting integral structure.
Figure 20 comprises beater mechanism, and adopts the composite drill bit structural representation of split-type structural.
Figure 21 is for preventing drift and dowel bar from rotating, adopting structural concept schematic diagram during spline joint between dowel bar and bit body.
Figure 22 is for preventing coming off of drift and dowel bar etc., and dowel bar and bit body are provided with structural concept schematic diagram during slip-off preventing step.
Figure 23 is the structural representation of composite drill bit when being in blank-run prevention position.
Wherein: 1, bit body, 12, bit body slip-off preventing step, 2, gear wheel cutting structure, 21, gear wheel cutting teeth, 22, gear wheel, 3, impact cutting structure, 31, impact cutting teeth, 311, carbide alloy, 312, diamond enhancement Layer, 32, force transmission mechanism, 321, drift, 322, dowel bar, 323, anvil body, 324, supporting positive cover, 325, sealing ring, 328, swing slide block, 3221, dowel bar (one), 3222, dowel bar (two), 3223, dowel bar slip-off preventing step, 33, beater mechanism, 331, block stamp, 41, runner, 42, nozzle, 5, impactor parts, 51, impactor body, 52, impactor block stamp, 6, cutting structure parts, 61, cutting structure body.
Detailed description of the invention
Following non-limiting examples is for illustration of the present invention.
embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 4, Fig. 7, shown in Figure 12 and Figure 18, a kind of have the gear wheel composite drill bit impacting cutting structure, comprise bit body 1, bit body 1 is provided with gear wheel cutting structure 2, the hydraulic structure impacting cutting structure 3 and be made up of runner 41 and nozzle 42, gear wheel cutting structure 2 includes gear wheel cutting teeth 21, impact cutting structure 3 and comprise the force transmission mechanism 32 and impact cutting teeth 31 that transmit impact force, force transmission mechanism 32 comprises drift 321, dowel bar 322 and anvil body 323, impacting cutting teeth 31 is cemented on the drift 321 of force transmission mechanism 32 end, drift 321 can slide relative to bit body 1 on impact force direction of transfer.Composite drill bit does not comprise beater mechanism, has 2 gear wheels, and 2 covers impact cutting unit, gear wheel 22 layout alternate with drift 321.Sealing device (sealing ring 325 as between dowel bar in Fig. 3 322 and bit body 1) is provided with between bit body 1 and force transmission mechanism 32.Gear wheel cutting teeth 21 and impact cutting teeth 31 can be hard-metal insert respectively, or make the hard-metal insert strengthened on surface of diamond, and the tooth of other similar various types of materials be applicable on drill bit.Hard-metal insert has good impact toughness, and price is lower, can also reduce costs while the application of hard-metal insert makes Cutter have better impact toughness.It is good that diamond does the hard-metal insert abrasion resistance strengthened on surface, and cutting teeth enhances abrasion resistance while the better impact toughness of guarantee.As shown in figure 18, the impact cutting teeth 31 on drift 321 adopts diamond to do the hard-metal insert of surface reinforcement.The profile of tooth of impacting cutting teeth 31 can be blunt conical-ended shape insert, chisel teeth, hemi-spherical ended shape insert, wedge crested chisel insert and scoop chisel insert, also can be the tooth of other shape with good rock fracture in dynamic indentation effect.The impact cutting teeth 31 impacting cutting structure 3 can be arranged within the radial coverage of the gear wheel cutting teeth 21 of gear wheel cutting structure 2, also can independently arrange (not overlapping with the radial coverage of gear wheel cutting structure cutting teeth), or the independent layout of part.As preferably, impact cutting teeth 31 to arrange radial overlapping covering with gear wheel cutting teeth 21, impact within radial zone that the cutting teeth of cutting structure 3 is arranged in beyond drill bit radius 1/3rd (as shown in Figure 7), generally, the broken task amount in region, drill bit heart portion is less and be easy to broken, and heart portion is relatively large with the broken task amount of exterior domain, cutting teeth wearing and tearing and the comparatively heart portion that damages want fast, therefore, arrange the fragmentation impacted cutting teeth and be conducive to corresponding region rock with exterior domain in heart portion, and slow down the wearing and tearing of gear wheel cutting teeth, the tooth on gear wheel is made to trend towards synchronous wearing and tearing or sync fail.The drift 321 impacted on cutting structure 3 is a fixing entirety with the mutual consolidation of dowel bar 322, and dowel bar 322 and anvil body 323 are slidably connected (mechanism principle figure as shown in figure 12).
embodiment 2:
The present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 1, its difference is: be provided with between anvil body 323 and bit body 1 shown in anvil body supporting positive cover 324(Fig. 5), or anvil body 323 directly processes the surface forming matched in clearance with bit body 1 endoporus, realize relative sliding between anvil body and bit body and righting is located (as shown in Figure 6).
embodiment 3:
The present embodiment and above-described embodiment are substantially identical, its difference is: in certain or each impact cutting unit, dowel bar has two, the characteristics of motion of two dowel bars is different, each other there is relative motion, one of them dowel bar (one) 3221 is fixedly connected with drift 321, another dowel bar (two) 3222 is hinged with anvil body 323, is connected through the hinge (as shown in figure 13) between two dowel bars.When drift 321 away from bit central and its impact direction and drill axis angle larger time, adopt two dowel bars be hinged to be easier to realize the transformation of impact direction and the transmission of impact force.
embodiment 4:
The present embodiment and above-described embodiment are substantially identical, and its difference is: impact within radial extension that the impact cutting teeth 31 of cutting structure 3 is arranged in beyond drill bit radius 1/2nd (as shown in Figure 8).
embodiment 5:
The present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 4, and its difference is: impact within radial extension that the impact cutting teeth 31 of cutting structure 3 is arranged in beyond drill bit radius 2/3rds (as shown in Figure 9).Generally, in drill bit radius region, the live load of (region particularly beyond drill bit radius 2/3rds) cutting teeth is larger more outward, cutting teeth wearing and tearing or the speed damaged get over the tooth faster than region, heart portion, this region is arranged and impacts cutting teeth, its rate of decay can also be reduced while this region gear wheel cutter breaking rock efficiency can be made to improve, thus extend the application life of Cutter.
embodiment 6:
The present embodiment and above-described embodiment are substantially identical, and its difference is: impact the impact cutting teeth 31 of cutting structure 3 be arranged in drill bit radius 1/3rd within radial extension within (as shown in Figure 10).The centre of drill bit has an inner cone region usually, when creeping in the stratum that hardness high fragility is large, close to region, drill bit heart portion, impact cutting teeth is set, under the percussion of impacting cutting teeth, be easier to the brittle crush (i.e. volumetric fracture) of heart portion rock, be conducive to improving drill bit drilling efficiency.
embodiment 7:
The present embodiment and above-described embodiment are substantially identical, and its difference is: the impact cutting teeth 31 impacting cutting structure 3 was arranged in except bit central and (as shown in figure 11) in the whole radial extension of advising except the fraction regions such as footpath.In the bad ground that, plasticity high in intensity is large, impact cutting teeth is all furnished with in the whole radial extension of drill bit, the rock breaking capacity of drill bit can be strengthened in whole radial zone, improve the efficiency of breaking rock of gear wheel cutting teeth in whole radial extension, and then improve the efficiency of breaking rock of composite drill bit in this kind of bad ground.
embodiment 8:
The present embodiment and above-described embodiment are substantially identical, its difference is: drift 321 is fixedly connected with dowel bar 322, dowel bar 322 and anvil body 323 chain connection, be provided with between dowel bar 322 and bit body 1 and swing slide block 328, swing slide block 328 hinged with dowel bar 322, swing slide block 328 to be slidably connected (as shown in Figure 14 and Figure 15) with bit body 1, namely define both allowed relative sliding by swinging cunning 328 pieces between dowel bar 322 and bit body 1, allow again to connect in relative rotation, dowel bar 322 and drift 321 both can slide by relative bit body 1, also can rotate around the center of rotation swinging slide block 328.When the impact direction of drift 321 and drill bit shaft larger to angle time, the introducing swinging slide block 328 can make the transmission of impact force more smooth and easy.
embodiment 9:
The present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 8, its difference is: as shown in figure 16, swing slide block 328 to be slidably connected with dowel bar 322, swing slide block 328 hinged with bit body 1, dowel bar 322 and drift 321 both can slide by relative bit body 1, also can rotate around the center of rotation swinging slide block 328.The effect of the present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 8.
embodiment 10:
In the present embodiment, the impact direction of described impact cutting structure is parallel to drill axis direction.As shown in figure 17, with this understanding, transmission mechanism 32, without the need to labyrinth, only needs drive link 322 consolidation drift 321.Other technologies scheme those skilled in the art can under feasible prerequisite independent assortment in manual technical scheme or other embodiments.
embodiment 11:
The present embodiment and above-described embodiment are substantially identical, and its difference is: composite drill bit comprises beater mechanism 33, and beater mechanism 33 and bit body are integral type structure (as shown in figure 19).The impact force that during bit operation, beater mechanism 33 produces is acted on the anvil body 323 of force transmission mechanism 32 by the block stamp 331 on beater mechanism 33.Integral structure makes that composite drill bit internal construction is compacter, reliability is higher.
embodiment 12:
The present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 11, its difference is: bit body 1 adopts split-type structural, be formed by connecting with the cutting structure body 61 being provided with gear wheel cutting structure 2 and impact cutting structure 3 by the impactor body 51 being provided with beater mechanism, the hollow part that beater mechanism is arranged on impactor body 51 forms impactor parts 5, and gear wheel cutting structure 2, impact cutting structure 3 and cutting structure body 61 form cutting structure parts 6(as shown in figure 20).The impact force that during bit operation, impactor parts 5 produce is acted on the anvil body 323 of force transmission mechanism by the upper block stamp 52 of beater mechanism.Adopt split-type structural to be conducive to manufacture and the use of composite drill bit, impactor parts and rock crushing tool parts can manufacture respectively, enter before well uses and fit together.
embodiment 13:
In the present embodiment, the rotation of dowel bar 322 and drift 321 etc. during for preventing bit operation, between drift 321 and bit body 1 or (and) be provided with anti-rotation structure between dowel bar 322 and bit body 1.As shown in figure 21, between dowel bar 322 and bit body 1, spline joint is set, rotates around dowel bar axle in the course of the work to avoid dowel bar 322 and drift 321 etc.
embodiment 14:
In the present embodiment, for preventing coming off of dowel bar 322 and drift 321 etc., between drift 321 and bit body 1 or (and) be provided with anti-drop structure between dowel bar 322 and bit body 1.As shown in figure 22, dowel bar 322 and bit body 1 are respectively arranged with slip-off preventing step 3223 and 12, come off from drill bit under pulling capacity effect in order to avoid dowel bar 322 and drift 321 etc.
embodiment 15:
In the present embodiment, for enter under preventing drill bit in process or on carry drill bit time block stamp to the hammering of anvil body 323, composite drill bit is provided with blank-run prevention structure.As shown in figure 23, when drill bit does not contact shaft bottom, due to the effect of gravity and circulation of fluid inside and outside differential pressure, impact the anvil body 323 in cutting structure 3, dowel bar 322, drift 321 and impact cutting teeth 31 meeting slide downward one segment distance together, make impact cutting teeth 31 protrude from outside the envelope contour face of gear wheel cutting structure cutting teeth 21, now the position impacted residing for cutting structure 3 is blank-run prevention position.On this position, the blank-run prevention design of beater mechanism can make the hammering of jump bit stopping to anvil body in beater mechanism, to realize the no-load protection to impacting cutting structure.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. one kind has the gear wheel composite drill bit impacting cutting structure, comprise bit body (1) and be arranged on the gear wheel cutting structure (2) on bit body (1), it is characterized in that: described bit body (1) is also provided with and impacts cutting structure (3), impact cutting structure (3) and comprise the force transmission mechanism (32) and impact cutting teeth (31) that transmit impact force, impacting cutting teeth (31) is cemented on the drift (321) of force transmission mechanism (32) end, and described drift (321) to slide or slide impact relative to bit body (1) on impact force direction of transfer; Described force transmission mechanism (32) comprises the anvil body (323), dowel bar (322) and the drift (321) that connect successively, relative sliding is formed between anvil body (323) and bit body (1), relative sliding is formed between dowel bar (322) and bit body (1), or both allowed relative sliding by swinging slide block (328) formation, allow again to connect in relative rotation, described drift (321) is connected to the end of dowel bar (322), or forms an integral element with dowel bar (322); Between described anvil body (323) and bit body (1), the glide direction of relative sliding is parallel to center line of bit, described anvil body (323) and dowel bar (322) form and are rotationally connected or are slidably connected, described drift (321) can with the uneven impact force direction of transfer of center line of bit on slide relative to bit body (1) or slide and impact.
2. a kind of gear wheel composite drill bit with impact cutting structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described bit body (1) is also provided with and produces impact force and the beater mechanism (33) being transmitted impact force by described force transmission mechanism (32).
3. a kind of gear wheel composite drill bit with impact cutting structure according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described bit body (1) adopts split-type structural, by be provided with described beater mechanism impactor body (51) and be provided with described gear wheel cutting structure (2) and impact cutting structure (3) cutting structure body (61) be formed by connecting, beater mechanism is arranged on the hollow part of impactor body (51).
4. a kind of gear wheel composite drill bit with impact cutting structure according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, is characterized in that: be furnished with described impact cutting teeth (31) in the radial zone beyond drill bit radius 1/3rd.
5. a kind of gear wheel composite drill bit with impact cutting structure according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, is characterized in that: be furnished with described impact cutting teeth (31) in the radial zone beyond drill bit radius 1/2nd.
6. a kind of gear wheel composite drill bit with impact cutting structure according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, is characterized in that: be furnished with described impact cutting teeth (31) in the radial zone beyond drill bit radius 2/3rds.
7. a kind of gear wheel composite drill bit with impact cutting structure according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, is characterized in that: be furnished with described impact cutting teeth (31) in the radial zone within drill bit radius 1/3rd.
8. a kind of gear wheel composite drill bit with impact cutting structure according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in same impact cutting unit, the quantity of dowel bar is one or more than one, when the quantity of dowel bar is more than one, each dowel bar is mutually connected in series, is connected through the hinge between the adjacent dowel bar wherein each other with relative motion.
9. a kind of gear wheel composite drill bit with impact cutting structure according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterized in that: the gear wheel cutting teeth (21) on described gear wheel cutting structure (2) and the impact cutting teeth (31) impacted on cutting structure (3) are hard-metal insert, or make the hard-metal insert strengthened on surface of diamond.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210155407.2A CN102678050B (en) | 2012-05-18 | 2012-05-18 | A kind of have the gear wheel composite drill bit impacting cutting structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210155407.2A CN102678050B (en) | 2012-05-18 | 2012-05-18 | A kind of have the gear wheel composite drill bit impacting cutting structure |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN102678050A CN102678050A (en) | 2012-09-19 |
| CN102678050B true CN102678050B (en) | 2015-10-28 |
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| CN201210155407.2A Expired - Fee Related CN102678050B (en) | 2012-05-18 | 2012-05-18 | A kind of have the gear wheel composite drill bit impacting cutting structure |
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Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102678055B (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2015-10-28 | 西南石油大学 | One scrape cut-impact combined drill |
| CN103089153B (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2015-01-28 | 西南石油大学 | Wide-tooth cone composite drill bit |
| CN108798514B (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2024-01-05 | 西南石油大学 | Directional drilling diamond drill bit |
| WO2019020325A1 (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2019-01-31 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Rock bit having cuttings channels for flow optimization |
| CN110159202A (en) * | 2018-02-10 | 2019-08-23 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of diamond bit with fixed buffer structure |
| CN108360979B (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2023-07-14 | 西南石油大学 | Split single-cone bit |
| CN108442886B (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2023-11-17 | 西南石油大学 | Split tricone bit |
| CN108571290B (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2023-06-30 | 西南石油大学 | Split drill bit with torsion impact function |
| CN108442879B (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2023-07-04 | 西南石油大学 | Split drill bit with axial impact function |
| CN111021962B (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2021-10-19 | 源石机械科技承德有限公司 | Roller cone drill bit and method of construction |
| CN111411898B (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2023-06-09 | 西南石油大学 | Composite drill bit |
| CN111411899B (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2023-05-26 | 西南石油大学 | PDC drill bit with self-impact capability |
| CN113418783B (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2023-05-23 | 中铁二院昆明勘察设计研究院有限责任公司 | Surrounding rock strength testing device, system and method |
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| US2942850A (en) * | 1957-07-23 | 1960-06-28 | Mckee Company | Multiple drill |
| CN201659147U (en) * | 2010-04-14 | 2010-12-01 | 天津市中重科技工程有限公司 | Isolation ring for realizing falling prevention effect between bearings of roller system of rolling mill rollers |
| CN102392605A (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2012-03-28 | 四川深远石油钻井工具有限公司 | Compound bit formed by PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) bits and rotary cutting bit |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPS63167889A (en) * | 1986-12-27 | 1988-07-11 | 株式会社 利根ボ−リング | Multi-air hammer device |
| US20050045380A1 (en) * | 2001-06-05 | 2005-03-03 | Eddison Alan Martyn | Drilling apparatus |
| WO2012039630A1 (en) * | 2010-09-21 | 2012-03-29 | Flexidrill Limited | Hybrid drill bit |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2942850A (en) * | 1957-07-23 | 1960-06-28 | Mckee Company | Multiple drill |
| CN201659147U (en) * | 2010-04-14 | 2010-12-01 | 天津市中重科技工程有限公司 | Isolation ring for realizing falling prevention effect between bearings of roller system of rolling mill rollers |
| CN102392605A (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2012-03-28 | 四川深远石油钻井工具有限公司 | Compound bit formed by PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) bits and rotary cutting bit |
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| CN102678050A (en) | 2012-09-19 |
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