CN102678055B - One scrape cut-impact combined drill - Google Patents
One scrape cut-impact combined drill Download PDFInfo
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- CN102678055B CN102678055B CN201210155406.8A CN201210155406A CN102678055B CN 102678055 B CN102678055 B CN 102678055B CN 201210155406 A CN201210155406 A CN 201210155406A CN 102678055 B CN102678055 B CN 102678055B
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 193
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 103
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 31
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 26
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/54—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of the rotary drag type, e.g. fork-type bits
- E21B10/55—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of the rotary drag type, e.g. fork-type bits with preformed cutting elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/36—Percussion drill bits
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- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses one scrape cut-impact combined drill, belong to the drilling equipment rock crushing tool fields such as petroleum gas, mine engineering, building foundation engineering construction, geology, the hydrology, comprise bit body and be cemented in the stationary cutting structure on bit body, bit body is also provided with impact cutting structure, impact cutting structure and comprise the force transmission mechanism and impact cutting teeth that transmit impact force, impacting cutting teeth is cemented on the drift of force transmission mechanism end, and drift can slide relative to bit body or impact of sliding on impact force direction of transfer.Compared with traditional PDC drill bit, the present invention had both been conducive to the wedging of Cutter formation, improve efficiency of breaking rock, be also conducive to the rate of wear slowing down cutting teeth, the bad ground that particularly, abrasiveness higher in intensity is stronger has obvious technical advantage simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the drilling equipment rock crushing tool fields such as petroleum gas, mine engineering, building foundation engineering construction, geology, the hydrology.
Background technology
Drill bit is in order to fractured rock, the rock crushing tool forming pit shaft in drilling engineering.The conventional bit used in drilling engineering now mainly contains tricone bit, polycrystalline diamond compact bit (i.e. PDC drill bit) and percussion bit (also claiming rotary percussion drill bit or bore bit) etc.
Tricone bit mainly breaks rock with the form crushing (tooth press-in rock causes catalase), and applicable formation volumes is wider, but capacity usage ratio is not high, and efficiency of breaking rock is relatively low.Particularly when deep formation creeps into, under high density drilling fluid action condition, the cuttings hold-down effect in shaft bottom is fairly obvious, and tooth is difficult to press-in stratum and is formed effective broken, and drill bit rate of penetration is very limited.Bearing life is low is one of the principal element in restriction tricone bit application life.Tricone bit needs the efficiency of breaking rock that large the pressure of the drill guarantee is higher, so the load amplitude of bearing is high, the operating principle that simultaneously gear wheel upper teeth replaces fractured rock must cause axis or the extensional vibration of drill bit, and bearing load fluctuation by a relatively large margin.In addition cone bit bearing is in the work under bad environment of down-hole, and the life-span of bearing seal is difficult to ensure, therefore the bearing life of tricone bit is relatively short.
PDC drill bit is that one utilizes composite polycrystal-diamond (namely PDC tooth, is also called for short tooth) to cut or shear action breaks the drill bit of rock scraping of rock.Owing to have possessed outstanding superiority in cutting element performance and broken rock mode, thus PDC drill bit at the soft efficiency of breaking rock to medium ground apparently higher than tricone bit.Now, PDC drill bit uses more and more in drilling engineering, and ratio is increasing, but for the high stratum of hardness, abrasiveness and serious inhomogeneous stratum, PDC drill bit is still difficult to adapt to.Existing PDC drill bit all belongs to fixed cutter drill bits (on drill bit movement-less part), to arrange and is cemented on bit body, form the cutting structure of PDC drill bit fractured rock as the composite polycrystal-diamond of cutting element according to certain rule.In order to timely, shaft bottom being carried into ground by the landwaste of drill bit fragmentation, simultaneously also in order to clean drill bit and cooling cutting teeth, PDC drill bit also needing there is hydraulic structure.Hydraulic structure is made up of drill bit inner flow passage, outer flow passage and spray-hole usually.Spray-hole, also known as nozzle, can be the fixed nozzle be set directly on bit body, also can be mounted in the replaceable nozzle on drill bit.In order to the cutting structure and hydraulic structure that make drill bit reach better working effect, when designing, manufacturing drill bit, usually according to certain rule, PDC tooth is divided into some groups, PDC tooth with group is cemented on same toothholder, each toothholder and distribution PDC tooth thereon form a cutting structure unit, are called wing (toothholder is wing body).Groove between wing just defines the outer flow passage of drill bit.This drill bit is blade PDC bit.Blade PDC bit is the major structural types of PDC drill bit.For PDC drill bit, under the condition that drill speed, the pressure of the drill are identical, the efficiency of breaking rock of drill bit depends primarily on the ability of PDC tooth wedging rock, and the degree of depth of PDC tooth wedging rock is larger, and drill bit efficiency of breaking rock is higher.Usually, when soft formation creeps into, the depth of tooth penetration of PDC Cutter is comparatively large, and the efficiency of breaking rock of drill bit is higher; When hard formation creeps into, the wedging ability of cutting teeth just dies down, and depth of tooth penetration diminishes, and the drilling efficiency of drill bit just obviously reduces.The shortcoming that mainly contains of PDC drill bit is: the first, the intensity of rock or hardness higher time, PDC tooth is difficult to wedging rock and cuts to be formed effectively to scrape, and particularly after PDC tooth has wearing and tearing, tooth is difficult to wedging stratum more, and the rate of penetration of drill bit can sharply reduce.Second, PDC tooth continuously rock cutting, due to the temperature that the heat of severe friction generation can make tooth reach quite high, when temperature exceedes certain limit, the rate of wear of PDC tooth obviously rises, thus cause the generation of thermal wear phenomenon (when PDC tooth operating temperature is higher than a certain specified temp, the phenomenon that its abrasion resistance obviously declines is called the thermal wear phenomenon of PDC tooth).3rd, the rate of wear difference of the PDC tooth on the different radial zone of PDC drill bit is obvious, the cutter-wear rate in general bit exterior region (particularly outer 1/3 region of drill bit radius) is obviously faster than the tooth in region, heart portion, and cutting teeth abrasion equilibrium is poor, thus reduces the combination property of drill bit.
Percussion bit is the fixed teeth rock crushing tool coordinating down-the-hole air hammer (i.e. down-hole hammer) to use in rotary percussion drilling.The structure of percussion bit is similar to PDC drill bit, and drill bit does not have moveable element, the consolidation cutting teeth that can cover region to be broken, shaft bottom of some on bit body.Difference is mainly: the cutting element of PDC drill bit is mainly PDC tooth, and the cutting element of percussion bit is mainly the carbide alloy similar to rock bit teeth patterning or diamond composite dental.The cutting scheme of the rock breaking mechanism of percussion bit and the crushing mechanism of rock bit and PDC drill bit all has significant difference.Percussion bit relies on the fragmentation of instant impact realization to bottom rock of its tooth.The upper end of percussion bit is connected to down-the-hole air hammer, down-the-hole air hammer operationally, its block stamp moves back and forth under the effect of circulation of fluid (drilling fluid or recyclegas), repeatedly clash into drill bit or bore bit, thus be that the drill teeth contacted with bottom rock provides pulsatile impact load, under the instant impact effect of tooth, there is fragmentation in rock.Because the shock loading of drill bit depends on down-the-hole air hammer, so, (this feature and rock bit have remarkable difference not need to apply very large the pressure of the drill in the percussion bit course of work, rock bit must could obtain higher efficiency of breaking rock in wammel pressure), only with very little the pressure of the drill, drill bit need be pressed in shaft bottom.Under normal circumstances, percussion bit can obtain higher efficiency of breaking rock when the brittle formation that brittle formation is particularly harder is crept into.In addition, at the easy deviation strata that stratigraphic dip is larger, adopt percussion bit to creep into and be conducive to reducing hole deviation trend.
Baker Hughes Inc. proposes a kind of gear wheel-PDC hybrid bit and (all proposes patent application in the U.S. and other countries, as PTC WO2010/132232 etc.), this drill bit adds gear wheel cutting structure (or claiming gear wheel parts) on traditional PDC cutting structure basis, therefore, alternatively this Mixed drilling bit is combined by stationary cutting structure and gear wheel cutting structure.The stationary cutting structure of Mixed drilling bit is fixed wing by some PDC and is formed, and wing is furnished with fixing cutting teeth (PDC tooth), and when bit creeps into, the PDC tooth on fixing wing breaks rock to scrape butt formula; Similar in the gear wheel cutting structure of Mixed drilling bit and rock bit, gear wheel is arranged on the axle journal of bit leg, bit leg and bit body form fixing entirety, and gear wheel also rotates around axle journal while rotating with bit body, and the tooth on gear wheel mainly breaks rock to be pressed into broken mode.The characteristics and advantages of PDC drill bit and rock bit combines by this Mixed drilling bit, and when creeping under given conditions, bit performance is better than PDC drill bit and rock bit.But this drill bit also has following obvious shortcoming: the first, axis (axis of drill bit) or longitudinal mass motion of gear wheel cutting structure and stationary cutting structure are consistent.Therefore, the up-down vibration that gear wheel cutting structure certainly leads in the course of the work directly will affect the job stability of PDC stationary cutting structure, thus cause the adverse consequences of two aspects: first, the shock loading that extensional vibration brings easily causes the damage of PDC tooth, shortens the application life of drill bit; Secondly, extensional vibration can make the depth of tooth penetration generation frequent variations of the PDC tooth in stationary cutting structure, PDC tooth even may be caused frequently to depart from shaft bottom, thus reduce the efficiency of breaking rock of drill bit to a certain extent time serious.Second, gear wheel is connected with bit leg journel by bearing arrangement, and due to the needs of intensity, the physical dimension of gear wheel cutting structure is relatively large, occupy space valuable and limited on drill bit, be unfavorable for the layout design of stationary cutting structure and hydraulic structure on bit body.The size requirements that gear wheel cutting structure is larger, also limits the application of this drill bit in deep-well slimhole drilling to a certain extent.Its three, the bulk life time of bearing life to drill bit of gear wheel cutting structure defines obvious restriction.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: provide one to scrape to cut-impact combined drill, fixed cutter drill bits basis increases and impacts cutting structure, make full use of the advantage of rock fracture in dynamic indentation mode, promote Cutter to the wedging of rock, improve efficiency of breaking rock, slow down the rate of wear of cutting teeth, increase drilling life of bit, promote the service behaviour of the bad grounds such as the comparatively strong or non-homogeneity of drill bit, abrasiveness higher in intensity is stronger.
The object of the invention is realized by following technical proposals:
One is scraped and is cut-impact combined drill (abbreviation composite drill bit), comprise bit body and be cemented in the stationary cutting structure on bit body, composite drill bit is provided with impact cutting structure, impact cutting structure and comprise the force transmission mechanism and impact cutting teeth that transmit impact force, impacting cutting teeth is cemented on the drift of force transmission mechanism end, and described drift can slide relative to bit body or impact of sliding on impact force direction of transfer.
Particularly, scrape and cut-impact combined drill and comprise bit body, stationary cutting structure, impact cutting structure and hydraulic structure, also the beater mechanism producing impact force can be comprised, impact cutting structure and comprise the force transmission mechanism and impact cutting teeth that transmit impact force, force transmission mechanism comprises the anvil body connected successively, dowel bar and drift, relative sliding is formed between anvil body and bit body, relative sliding is formed between dowel bar and bit body, or both allowed relative sliding by swinging slide block formation, allow again to connect in relative rotation, drift is connected to the end of dowel bar, impacting cutting teeth is cemented on drift, drift can slide relative to bit body or impact of sliding on impact force direction of transfer.Described bit body is in order to attachment, supporting or receiving drill bit stationary cutting structure, impacts the matrix of cutting structure and beater mechanism, is also the matrix installed nozzle, form drill bit runner.The upper end (be also circulation of fluid arrival end, be called for short arrival end) of bit body is provided with the screw thread connecting drill string.The top of bit body is tubular structure, and its tube wall had both had and transmits the function of the pressure of the drill, also play by pipe, the effect that is isolated of the pipe external space, its pore space is for arranging the elements such as anvil body in force transmission mechanism, and beater mechanism also can be located therein.The bottom of bit body is mainly the matrix of stationary cutting structure, it has been offered the hole in order to hold dowel bar or groove, has also offered circulation of fluid spray-hole.Except the extending part of drift, impact cutting teeth and dowel bar, the other parts of impacting cutting structure are all positioned at the inner space of bit body, and install from top to bottom according to the order of anvil body-dowel bar-drift.When composite drill bit comprises beater mechanism, top-down erection sequence is: beater mechanism-anvil body-dowel bar-drift, and the impact force action that beater mechanism produces on anvil body, then is transmitted to dowel bar, drift by anvil body.The upper surface of anvil body is the work plane of load of withstanding shocks, and lower end is connected with dowel bar, can be and is slidably connected, and also can be hinged (i.e. chain connection), or directly connects.When employing is slidably connected, can along contact surface relative sliding between anvil body and dowel bar; When adopting articulated manner to connect, can relatively rotate around hinged center between anvil body and dowel bar.The mode such as drift screw thread, interference fit, pin, welding is connected to the other end of dowel bar, or forms an integral element with dowel bar.Drift, consolidation impact cutting teeth thereon and the dowel bar matched form one and impact cutting unit, and the quantity of impacting cutting unit can only have one, also can have several.In same impact cutting unit, the quantity of dowel bar is one or more than one, and when the quantity of dowel bar is more than one, each dowel bar is mutually connected in series, is connected through the hinge between the adjacent dowel bar wherein each other with relative motion.Connection between force transmission mechanism and bit body and between each element of force transmission mechanism or mounting means, enable drift slide relative to bit body on shock loading direction of transfer.Stationary cutting structure is arranged on the outer end of bit body bottom, include cutting teeth pedestal (when stationary cutting structure adopts wing formula structure, namely cutting teeth pedestal fixes wing) and fixing cutting teeth, cutting teeth pedestal is cemented on bit body, formed with bit body and be fixedly connected, or to be combined with bit body and to form integral structure, fixing cutting teeth is cemented on cutting teeth pedestal.Hydraulic structure mainly comprises the inside and outside portion runner of drilling circulation fluid, and is arranged on the nozzle in inner flow passage exit.Drill bit being also provided with some auxiliary elements, comprising for ensureing the correct operating position of anvil body and the supporting positive cover that arranges, and be the connection realized between anvil body and dowel bar and the element such as slide block, bearing pin that arranges, and potted component etc.
One of key of the present invention is: stationary cutting structure and impact cutting structure combine and form combined cut structure, impact cutting teeth on drift constantly impacts shaft bottom with certain frequency under impact force action, and the stationary cutting structure on cooperation drill bit completes the fragmentation to bottom rock jointly.Particularly when the impact cutting teeth on drift is distributed in exterior zone (particularly outer 1/3 region of drill bit radius) of drill bit radial direction, the power that the broken rock effect impacting cutting teeth makes this region fix required for cutting teeth wedging, rock cutting obviously reduces, the rate of wear obviously declines, thus significantly can improve the harmony of cutting teeth wearing and tearing on stationary cutting structure, make region, drill bit heart portion and exterior zone fix the rate of wear of cutting teeth close to synchronously.About stationary cutting structure with impact the arrangement of cutting structure on bit body and quantity, those skilled in the art can have numerous selection in conjunction with prior art under the instruction of this manual, and these technical schemes are all within scope.
Two of key of the present invention is: drift can slide relative to bit body or impact of sliding on impact force direction of transfer.Resultant effect is: the first, and the pressure of the drill be delivered on bit body by drill string can not be applied to and impact on cutting teeth, thus avoids impact cutting teeth contingent Fast Wearing under lasting large the pressure of the drill effect; The second, impact the pulsatile impact load of cutting structure and can not be delivered on bit body and even drill string, avoid the adverse effect that the safety of pulsatile impact load to bit body and even drill string may cause; 3rd, contribute to the realization of beater mechanism blank-run prevention function.About impacting in cutting structure in order to realize drift on impact direction relative to the frame mode that bit body slides; those skilled in the art can have numerous selection in conjunction with prior art under the instruction of this manual, and these technical schemes are all within scope.
Fixing cutting teeth on described stationary cutting structure is composite polycrystal-diamond, also can be TSP, natural diamond and impregnated with diamond cutting teeth, the impact cutting teeth impacted on cutting structure is hard-metal insert, or makes the hard-metal insert strengthened on surface of diamond.The profile of tooth being used as the hard-metal insert impacting cutting teeth can be hemi-spherical ended shape insert, blunt conical-ended shape insert, chisel teeth, wedge crested chisel insert and scoop chisel insert, also can be the tooth of other shape with good rock fracture in dynamic indentation effect.
The slide plane that force transmission mechanism (mainly dowel bar) matches with bit body arranges sealing device, avoid the leakage of circulation of fluid and fluid in leakage process to the erosion of dowel bar, bit body, simultaneously, due to circulation of fluid at the pressure of bit body inner chamber higher than outside bit body, external and internal pressure difference acts on force transmission mechanism, produce the thrust of drift to extrapolation, this thrust can make the cutting teeth on drift press rock surface, is conducive to the rock fracture in dynamic indentation efficiency improving cutting teeth.
The impact cutting teeth of described impact cutting structure can be arranged in described stationary cutting structure and fix within the radial coverage of cutting teeth, also can independently arrange (the radial coverage of not fixing cutting teeth with stationary cutting structure overlaps), or the independent layout of part.
As preferred embodiment, impact cutting teeth and the described stationary cutting structure of described impact cutting structure are fixed cutting teeth and are arranged radial overlapping covering, and the impact cutting teeth impacting cutting structure is arranged within the radial zone beyond drill bit radius 1/3rd.
As preferred embodiment, impact cutting teeth and the described stationary cutting structure of described impact cutting structure are fixed cutting teeth and are arranged radial overlapping covering, and the impact cutting teeth impacting cutting structure is arranged within the radial zone beyond drill bit radius 1/2nd.
As preferred embodiment, impact cutting teeth and the described stationary cutting structure of described impact cutting structure are fixed cutting teeth and are arranged radial overlapping covering, and the impact cutting teeth of described impact cutting structure is arranged within the radial zone beyond drill bit radius 2/3rds.
As preferred embodiment, the impact cutting teeth of described impact cutting structure is arranged within the radial zone within drill bit radius 1/3rd.
Described force transmission mechanism is provided with anti-drop structure, comes off under pulling capacity effect to avoid drift and dowel bar from drill bit.
Described force transmission mechanism also can be provided with anti-rotation structure, rotate around dowel bar axle in the course of the work to avoid drift.
As preferred embodiment, the cutting teeth of described stationary cutting structure adopts composite polycrystal-diamond (PDC tooth), and the cutting teeth of described impact cutting structure adopts hard-metal insert or the hard-metal insert with superhard material reinforcements such as diamonds.
As preferred embodiment, the cutting teeth of described stationary cutting structure adopts circular composite polycrystal-diamond, and the cutting teeth of described impact cutting structure adopts hard-metal insert or the diamond composite hard alloy tooth of conisphere shape or wedge shape.
As preferred embodiment, when described scrape cut-impact combined drill comprise beater mechanism time, bit body adopts split-type structural, beater mechanism and corresponding bit body portions thereof can be separated from composite drill bit, forms independent parts.Now bit body is formed by connecting with the cutting structure body being provided with stationary cutting structure and impact cutting structure by the impactor body being provided with beater mechanism, beater mechanism is arranged on the hollow part of impactor body, and impactor body is used for holding, installing beater mechanism.Now, composite drill bit is just divided into two functionally upper relatively independent parts with manufacture, i.e. the impactor on top and the rock crushing tool of bottom.The function of impactor is just to provide pulsatile impact power, and the function of rock crushing tool transmits impact force exactly, and implements the direct fragmentation to rock together with stationary cutting structure.Adopt split-type structural to be more conducive to manufacture and the use of composite drill bit, impactor parts and rock crushing tool parts can manufacture respectively, enter before well uses and fit together.
Cut for comprising scraping of beater mechanism-impact combined drill, its course of work is:
Scrape and cut-impact the least significant end that combined drill is connected to drill string.After entering well, drill bit moves closer to, arrive shaft bottom.(when circulation of fluid is drilling fluid, driving arrangement is borehole pump to start circulation of fluid driving arrangement; When circulation of fluid be gas or be mainly gas time, driving arrangement is gas compressor), make circulation of fluid in the inside and outside circulation of drill string.Drill bit applies the pressure of the drill, and start rotary drilling, namely the cutting teeth on drill bit stationary cutting structure starts broken bottom rock.Meanwhile, because circulation of fluid has started circulation, under the driving of drill string fluid circulating inside, beater mechanism is started working, apply the pulsatile impact load of certain frequency scope continuously to anvil body, shock loading is passed to dowel bar by anvil body, then is passed to drift, finally be applied to and impact on cutting teeth, thus realize impacting cutting structure to the fragmentation of bottom rock.After circulation of fluid flows through beater mechanism, then flowed out from bit port or nozzle by inner flow passage, complete cooling cutting teeth, cleaning drill bit, bottom-hole cleaning and cutting carring function.Although the broken rock work of stationary cutting structure and impact cutting structure is carried out separately, rock breaking mechanism is also different, each other useful influencing each other can occur.Combined drill is primary cutting structures usually with stationary cutting structure, and impacting cutting structure is assisted machining structure.Cutting teeth in stationary cutting structure is generally PDC tooth (or based on PDC tooth), so the stationary cutting structure on composite drill bit is just equivalent to a common fixing cutting teeth PDC drill bit, the key of its efficiency of breaking rock is the wedging effect of PDC tooth to bottom rock.Increase the depth of tooth penetration of PDC tooth, usually can only increase the pressure of the drill, and the increase of the pressure of the drill is limited, and increase the wearing and tearing that the pressure of the drill can aggravate PDC tooth, reduce the working life of drill bit.Technical solution of the present invention impacts cutting structure by introducing in fixed cutter drill bits, effectively can utilize the characteristics and advantages of rock fracture in dynamic indentation mode, promote efficiency of breaking rock and the cutting teeth working life of stationary cutting structure significantly.Impact cutting structure and rely on impact cutting teeth to the pulsatile impact load fractured rock of the certain frequency of rock, therefore very low to the requirement of work the pressure of the drill, the impact effect of cutting teeth to bottom rock is that the respective regions in shaft bottom forms fragmentation hole one by one or is pressed into hole, the generation in these broken holes or press-in hole directly facilitates stationary cutting structure respective regions PDC tooth to the wedging of bottom rock, alleviates the live load of these PDC teeth simultaneously.In other words, when the cutting teeth of stationary cutting structure creeps on the scraggly shaft bottom with many fragmentation holes, its rate of penetration will apparently higher than the rate of penetration on level and smooth shaft bottom, and the rate of wear of its cutting teeth is starkly lower than rate of wear when creeping on level and smooth shaft bottom.
In the impact cutting structure of composite drill bit, impacting each element (comprising anvil body, dowel bar, drift and cutting teeth etc.) bearing pulsatile impact load in cutting structure can slide relative to bit body or impact of sliding on shock loading direction of transfer.Like this, in the normal drilling process of drill bit, impact cutting structure and do not bear the pressure of the drill from drill string and bit body, stationary cutting structure does not withstand shocks the pulsatile impact load of cutting structure yet.This feature both can avoid pulsatile impact load to the damage of stationary cutting structure cutting teeth, bit body and even upper drilling string or adverse effect, also can avoid the Fast Wearing that impact cutting teeth causes because continuing to bear large work the pressure of the drill.In addition, this feature is also for the blank-run prevention function realizing composite drill bit provides necessary condition.Enter under drill bit in process; due to the effect of gravity and circulation of fluid inside and outside differential pressure; impacting the anvil body in cutting structure, dowel bar, drift and impact cutting teeth can slide downward one segment distance together; impact cutting teeth is made to protrude from outside stationary cutting structure cutting teeth envelope contour face; now the position impacted residing for cutting structure is blank-run prevention position; on this position; the blank-run prevention design of beater mechanism can make the hammering of jump bit stopping to anvil body in beater mechanism, to realize the no-load protection to impacting cutting structure.Move closer at drill bit, when arriving shaft bottom, first outstanding impact cutting teeth contacts shaft bottom, in place further then along with drill bit, the said elements impacted in cutting structure is retracted to normal operation position gradually.When drill bit is after shaft bottom is completely in place, drill bit starts rotary drilling, and impact cutting structure and stationary cutting structure start to break rock work normally.When needs being carried drill bit (as pulled out of hole or continued access drill string), along with the rising gradually of bit location, contrary with going down process, first stationary cutting structure on drill bit leaves shaft bottom, and impacts cutting teeth and still keep contacting with bottom rock, simultaneously, impact other related elements aforementioned in cutting structure relative to the downward slippage of bit body until arrive blank-run prevention position, after this impact cutting teeth no longer to withstand shocks load, then depart from shaft bottom, rise with drill bit other parts.
Cut for not comprising scraping of beater mechanism-impact combined drill, the course of work producing pulsatile impact load is no longer completed by composite drill bit, and changes and completed by impactor.In addition, to cut-impact the course of work of combined drill identical with comprising scraping of beater mechanism for all the other courses of work.Not comprising scraping of beater mechanism, to cut-impact combined drill be not a merit can completely drill bit, just must can go into the well use with corresponding impactor after supporting installation.In fact composite drill bit is now exactly split typely scrape the rock crushing tool parts cutting-impact combined drill.When specifically using, generally first supporting impactor and composite drill bit should be linked together (impactor is connected to composite drill bit upper end), and then the impactor combined, composite drill bit are connected to drill string end.After installing, use of can going into the well.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) when composite drill bit is in shaft bottom rotary drilling, in fixing cutting teeth and the well bottom zone of impacting the overlapping covering of cutting teeth, owing to impacting cutting teeth to the continuous impact of rock, surface, shaft bottom defines press-in hole or fragmentation is cheated, and makes shaft bottom become uneven.Under cutting depth (depth of tooth penetration) or the identical condition of ablation volume (being cut fragmented rock volume), wedging power (pressing-in force perpendicular to rock surface), main cutting force (cutting force on cutting speed direction) and the cutting power of PDC tooth when rough rock surface cuts are starkly lower than the working angles under rock surface opposed flattened (not having broken hole) condition, the difficulty of cutting teeth wedging rock obviously reduces, and broken rock energy consumption also obviously reduces.So compared with traditional PDC drill bit, composite drill bit can reach higher efficiency of breaking rock when the stratum (stratum that hardness is higher) that cutting teeth is difficult to wedging is crept into.
(2) as previously mentioned, under cutting depth or the identical condition of ablation volume, the friction power loss of PDC tooth when rough rock surface cuts is starkly lower than the working angles under rock surface opposed flattened (not having broken hole) condition, and the heat produced due to friction also obviously reduces.On the other hand, when rough rock surface cuts, can there is frequent variations in the contact area between cutting teeth and rock and contact condition, the cooling effect of cutting teeth can improve.So, compared with traditional PDC drill bit, the cutter-wear rate of composite drill bit stationary cutting structure is lower, and not easily there is thermal wear, higher working life can be reached, when being thus difficult to the bad ground uses such as high abrasive, high rigidity and the high inhomogeneity adapted at conventional PDC drill bit, composite drill bit can reach better drilling effect.
(3) when composite drill bit fixes the overlapping covered radial outer region for drill bit of cutting teeth and impact cutting teeth (as outer 2/3rds regions of drill bit radius, outer half territory, or outer 1/3rd regions) time, because the cutter-wear rate in general fixed cutter drill bits exterior zone (particularly outer 1/3 region of drill bit radius) is obviously faster than the tooth in region, heart portion, the rate of wear that the broken rock effect impacting cutting teeth can make this region fix cutting teeth obviously reduces, so the harmony of cutting teeth wearing and tearing can significantly improve on stationary cutting structure, namely the rate of wear of the fixing cutting teeth of region, drill bit heart portion and exterior zone is close to synchronously.For the composite drill bit being primary cutting structures with stationary cutting structure (particularly primarily of the cutting structure that PDC tooth is formed), the effect that cutting teeth abrasion equilibrium is fixed in this improvement is particularly important for the combination property improving drill bit.
(4) on the stratum that fragility is stronger, rock fracture in dynamic indentation can reach good rock breaking efficiency.Although the tooth in gear wheel-PDC Mixed drilling bit on gear wheel also can to rock applying dynamic loading to a certain degree in the process of rock crushing, but composite drill bit impacts the time (time of contact) in the every Secondary Shocks shaft bottom of cutting teeth than gear wheel tooth much shorter, shock effect is more obvious, and higher frequency of impact can be reached, so, when the stratum that fragility is stronger is crept into, composite drill bit is not only better than conventional PDC drill bit, and can reach rock breaking efficiency more better than gear wheel-PDC Mixed drilling bit.
(5) gear wheel in the impact cutting structure in composite drill bit and gear wheel-PDC Mixed drilling bit all belongs to motion cutting structure, but the force transmission mechanism in composite drill bit can slide relative to bit body on shock loading direction of transfer, resultant beneficial effect is: first, the pressure of the drill be delivered on bit body by drill string can not be applied to and impact on cutting teeth, thus avoids the Fast Wearing of impact cutting teeth under lasting large the pressure of the drill pressure holding; Second, the pulsatile impact load of impacting cutting structure can not be delivered on bit body and even drill string, like this, the up-down vibration of the motion cutting structure (gear wheel) existing for gear wheel-PDC Mixed drilling bit may cause damage to fixing cutting teeth, bit body and even drill string, and reduce the shortcoming of stationary cutting structure (PDC tooth) efficiency of breaking rock, in composite drill bit, obtain good solution; 3rd, contribute to the realization of beater mechanism blank-run prevention function.
(6) centre of fixed cutter drill bits has an inner cone region usually, composite drill bit can arrange in this region and impact cutting structure (the impact cutting teeth as impacted cutting structure is arranged within the radial zone within drill bit radius 1/3rd), under the impact force action impacting cutting teeth, more easily volumetric fracture is there is at the bottom of the tapered well of protuberance, the catalase speed in centre, shaft bottom is significantly accelerated, thus promotes the raising of drill bit efficiency of breaking rock.
(7) composite drill bit of whole (or close to all) radial zone in shaft bottom can be covered for stationary cutting structure, when beater mechanism or impact cutting structure due to a variety of causes cause losing efficacy or inefficiency time, stationary cutting structure still can work alone.This feature of composite drill bit is better than conventional percussion bit.
(8) compared with gear wheel-PDC Mixed drilling bit, the space of drift occupied by drill bit cloth tooth region is relatively little, be conducive to the structure design of drill bit, be particularly conducive to utilizing more space to increase fixing cutting teeth, to improve the working life of drill bit stationary cutting structure in the design.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention, and composite drill bit does not comprise beater mechanism, has 3 fixing wings, and 3 covers impact cutting unit, and fixing wing layout alternate with drift, joint area adopts external thread structure.In figure: 1, bit body, 2, stationary cutting structure, 21, fixing cutting teeth, 22, fixing wing, 3, impact cutting structure, 31, impact cutting teeth, 321, drift, 41, runner, 42, nozzle.
Fig. 2 is that the composite drill bit shown in Fig. 1 is from the view (top view) when cutting structure end is viewed from tip side.
Fig. 3 does the impact cutting structure cross-sectional schematic after partial sectional to the composite drill bit shown in Fig. 1.In figure: 32, force transmission mechanism, 322, dowel bar, 323, anvil body, 325, sealing ring.
Fig. 4 is the decomposing schematic representation (for showing installation relation, having carried out horizontal subdivision to bit body 1 from middle part) to composite drill bit shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is structural representation of the present invention (the impact cutting structure cross-sectional schematic formed after doing partial sectional), composite drill bit does not comprise beater mechanism, impact in cutting unit and have 2 dowel bars, one of them dowel bar is fixedly connected with drift (or being integral type structure), another dowel bar is connected (formation revolute pair) by hinge with anvil body, is also connected (formation revolute pair) by hinge between 2 dowel bars; Anvil body supporting positive cover is provided with between anvil body and bit body.Joint area adopts female thread structure.In figure: 324, supporting positive cover, 326, hinge pin, 327, attachment screw, 3221, dowel bar (), 3222, dowel bar (two).
Fig. 6 is anvil body supporting positive cover righting positioning principle schematic diagram (namely Fig. 5 is in the transverse cross-sectional view of supporting positive cover 324 position).
Fig. 7 is that anvil body is without the righting positioning principle schematic diagram (anvil body 323 contacts with the endoporus hole wall of bit body 1, forms matched in clearance, realizes the righting location of anvil body) during supporting positive cover.
Fig. 8 is that the present invention has 2 fixing wings, and 2 covers impact cutting unit, fixes top view when wing is alternate with drift to be arranged.
Fig. 9 is structural representation of the present invention, and composite drill bit has 3 fixing wings, and 2 covers impact cutting unit.
Figure 10 impacts composite drill bit radial drape tooth figure when cutting teeth is arranged in region beyond drill bit radius 1/3rd.
Figure 11 impacts composite drill bit radial drape tooth figure when cutting teeth is arranged in region beyond drill bit radius 1/2nd.
Figure 12 impacts cutting teeth to be arranged in drill bit radius 2/3rds with the radial drape tooth of composite drill bit during exterior domain figure.
Figure 13 impacts composite drill bit radial drape tooth figure when cutting teeth is arranged in region within drill bit radius 1/3rd.
Figure 14 impacts cutting teeth to be arranged in except composite drill bit radial drape tooth figure when bit central and the whole radial extension of advising except the fraction regions such as footpath.
Figure 15 is the composite drill bit structural representation corresponding to Figure 14 Tooth arrangement design scheme; In figure: 3211, heart portion drift.
Figure 16 is the top view of composite drill bit shown in Figure 15.
Figure 17 is the force transmission mechanism principle schematic of structure shown in Fig. 1, and in this force transmission mechanism, drift is fixedly connected with dowel bar, and dowel bar and anvil body are formed and be slidably connected (sliding pair).
Figure 18 is the force transmission mechanism principle schematic of structure shown in Fig. 5.
Figure 19 is the principle schematic of a kind of force transmission mechanism of the present invention, in this force transmission mechanism, drift is fixedly connected with dowel bar, dowel bar and anvil body are connected through the hinge, swing slide block is provided with between dowel bar and bit body, swing slide block and dowel bar hinged, swing slide block and bit body are slidably connected, namely defined by swing slide block between dowel bar and bit body and both allowed relative sliding, allow again to connect in relative rotation, dowel bar and drift both can slide by relative bit body, also can rotate around the center of rotation swinging slide block.In figure: 328, swing slide block.
Figure 20 is provided with swing slide block between the dowel bar of force transmission mechanism shown in Figure 19 and bit body, swings slide block and dowel bar hinged, structural representation when swing slide block and bit body are slidably connected.
Figure 21 is the principle schematic of a kind of force transmission mechanism of the present invention, in this force transmission mechanism, drift is fixedly connected with dowel bar, dowel bar and anvil body are connected through the hinge, be provided with swing slide block between dowel bar and bit body, swing slide block and dowel bar and be slidably connected, swing slide block and bit body hinged, dowel bar and drift both can slide by relative bit body, also can rotate around the center of rotation swinging slide block.
Figure 22 is the structural representation of a kind of force transmission mechanism of the present invention, and in this force transmission mechanism, drive link and drift consolidation, the impact direction impacting cutting structure is parallel to drill axis direction.
Figure 23 be impact cutting teeth of the present invention adopt diamond do surface strengthen hard-metal insert time schematic diagram.In figure: 311, carbide alloy, 312, diamond enhancement Layer.
Figure 24 comprises beater mechanism, and composite drill bit structural representation when adopting integral structure.In figure: 33, beater mechanism, 331, block stamp.
Figure 25 comprises beater mechanism, and adopts the composite drill bit structural representation of split-type structural.In figure: 5, impactor parts, 51, impactor body, 52, block stamp, 6, cutting structure parts, 61, cutting structure body.
Figure 26 is for preventing drift and dowel bar from rotating, adopting structural concept schematic diagram during spline joint between dowel bar and bit body.
Figure 27 is for preventing coming off of drift and dowel bar etc., and dowel bar and bit body are provided with structural concept schematic diagram during slip-off preventing step.In figure: 12, bit body slip-off preventing step, 3223, dowel bar slip-off preventing step.
Figure 28 is the structural representation of composite drill bit when being in blank-run prevention position.
Detailed description of the invention
Following non-limiting examples is for illustration of the present invention.
embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 4, Figure 10, shown in Figure 17 and Figure 23, one scrape cut-impact combined drill, comprise bit body 1, bit body 1 is provided with stationary cutting structure 2, the hydraulic structure impacting cutting structure 3 and be made up of runner 41 and nozzle 42, stationary cutting structure 2 includes fixing cutting teeth 21, impact cutting structure 3 and comprise the force transmission mechanism 32 and impact cutting teeth 31 that transmit impact force, force transmission mechanism 32 comprises drift 321, dowel bar 322 and anvil body 323, impacting cutting teeth 31 is cemented on the drift 321 of force transmission mechanism 32 end, drift 321 can slide relative to bit body 1 on impact force direction of transfer.Composite drill bit does not comprise beater mechanism, has 3 fixing wings 22,3 and overlaps impact cutting unit, fixing wing 22 layout alternate with drift 321.Sealing device (sealing ring 325 as between dowel bar in Fig. 3 322 and bit body 1) is provided with between bit body 1 and force transmission mechanism 32.Fixing cutting teeth 21 and impact cutting teeth 31 can be composite polycrystal-diamond respectively, TSP cutting teeth, natural diamond cutting teeth, impregnated with diamond cutting blocks, impregnated with diamond cutting teeth, carbide cutting tooth, diamond strengthen carbide cutting tooth, cubic boron nitride cutting teeth, ceramic cutting tooth, or comprise the cutting teeth of diamond or cubic boron nitride, and the tooth of other similar various types of materials be applicable on drill bit.The profile of tooth of impacting cutting teeth 31 can be blunt conical-ended shape insert, chisel teeth, hemi-spherical ended shape insert, wedge crested chisel insert and scoop chisel insert, also can be the tooth of other shape with good rock fracture in dynamic indentation effect.For TSP, natural diamond or impregnated with diamond cutting teeth, in the bad ground high in hardness, plasticity is large, abrasiveness is strong, stationary cutting structure drill bit often adopt high cutter set density be arranged on bit body by fixing cutting teeth (as composite polycrystal-diamond, TSP, natural diamond or impregnated with diamond cutting teeth) good for abrasion resistance.Because cutter set density is high, cutting teeth wedging depth of stratum is limited, fixing cutting teeth is often difficult to effectively scrape to be cut stratum and breaks rock, and break rock with the lapping mode that efficiency is extremely low and creep into, so TSP, natural diamond or impregnated with diamond cutting teeth are all not suitable for being applied on the cutting structure of wing formula usually.The present invention is owing to combining stationary cutting structure with impact cutting structure, impacting cutting teeth adopts the hard-metal insert of good impact toughness or diamond to do the hard-metal insert of surface reinforcement, the degree of depth on fixing cutting teeth wedging stratum can be significantly improved, the cutter set density of fixing cutting teeth can be reduced thus, thus the cutting teeth making abrasion resistance strong is applied on the stationary cutting structure (as wing formula stationary cutting structure) of rarer cutter set density, and cut brokenly rock comparatively to gobble deeply to scrape.Above-mentioned mode of priority obviously can widen the scope of application and the mode of occupation of the good cutting teeth of abrasion resistance, for bad ground provides more efficient rock-breaking means.And now, well wear-resisting cutting teeth, is combined with the impact teeth with good impact toughness, the combination of the two, can significantly improve again the drilling efficiency of drill bit in bad ground and drilling life of bit.As shown in figure 23, the impact cutting teeth 31 on drift 321 adopts diamond to do the hard-metal insert of surface reinforcement.By stationary cutting structure and impact cutting structure phase compound, namely in fixed cutter drill bits, cutting structure is impacted in increase, utilizes impact cutting teeth to the percussion of rock, and in shaft bottom, surperficial formation press-in hole or fragmentation are cheated, and make shaft bottom become uneven.This can reduce the difficulty of fixing cutting teeth wedging rock and broken rock energy consumption, and improve the cooling effect of fixing cutting teeth, thus improve efficiency of breaking rock and the application life of fixed cutter drill bits, widen the scope of application of drill bit at bad grounds such as high abrasive, high rigidity and high inhomogeneities.The impact cutting teeth 31 impacting cutting structure 3 can be arranged within the radial coverage of the fixing cutting teeth 21 of stationary cutting structure 2, also can independently arrange (not overlapping with the radial coverage of stationary cutting structure cutting teeth), or the independent layout of part.As preferably, impact cutting teeth 31 to arrange radial overlapping covering with fixing cutting teeth 21, impact within radial extension that the cutting teeth of cutting structure 3 is arranged in beyond drill bit radius 1/3rd (as shown in Figure 10), generally, when creeping in common stratum, the broken task amount in region, drill bit heart portion is less and be easy to broken, and heart portion is relatively large with the broken task amount of exterior domain, cutting teeth comparatively heart portion of wearing and tearing wants fast, therefore, arrange the fragmentation impacted cutting teeth and be conducive to corresponding region rock in heart portion with exterior domain, and slow down the wearing and tearing of fixing cutting teeth.The drift 321 impacted on cutting structure 3 is a fixing entirety with the mutual consolidation of dowel bar 322, and dowel bar 322 and anvil body 323 are slidably connected (mechanism principle figure as shown in figure 17).
embodiment 2:
The present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 1, its difference is: in certain or each impact cutting unit, dowel bar has two, the characteristics of motion of two dowel bars is different, each other there is relative motion, one of them dowel bar (one) 3221 is fixedly connected with drift 321, another dowel bar (two) 3222 is hinged with anvil body 323, is connected through the hinge (as shown in Fig. 5 and Figure 18) between two dowel bars.When drift 321 away from bit central and its impact direction and drill axis angle larger time, adopt two dowel bars be hinged to be easier to realize the transformation of impact direction and the transmission of impact force.Anvil body supporting positive cover 324(is provided with as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6) between anvil body 323 and bit body 1, or anvil body 323 directly processes the surface forming matched in clearance with bit body 1 endoporus, realize relative sliding between anvil body 323 and bit body 1 and righting is located (as shown in Figure 7).
embodiment 3:
The present embodiment and embodiment 1 or embodiment 2 substantially identical, its difference is: composite drill bit has 2 fixing wings 22,2 and overlaps and impact cutting units, fixing wing 22 layout alternate with drift 321 (as shown in Figure 8).Adopt less fixing wing and impact cutting unit, being easy to the small-sized of drill bit, being conducive to the application of composite drill bit in slim-hole.
embodiment 4:
The present embodiment and embodiment 1 or embodiment 2 substantially identical, its difference is: unsymmetrical arrangement between the fixing wing 22 of composite drill bit and drift 321.As shown in Figure 9, composite drill bit has 3 fixing wings 22,2 and overlaps impact cutting unit, and fixing wing 22 and drift 321 asymmetric (part is not alternate) are arranged.
embodiment 5:
The present embodiment and above-described embodiment are substantially identical, and its difference is: impact within radial extension that the impact cutting teeth 31 of cutting structure 3 is arranged in beyond drill bit radius 1/2nd (as shown in figure 11).
embodiment 6:
The present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 5, and its difference is: impact within radial extension that the impact cutting teeth 31 of cutting structure 3 is arranged in beyond drill bit radius 2/3rds (as shown in figure 12).Generally, the cutter-wear rate of fixed cutter drill bits exterior zone (region particularly beyond drill bit radius 2/3rds) is obviously faster than the tooth in region, heart portion, impact the broken rock effect of cutting teeth this region can be made to fix while cutter breaking rock efficiency improves can also reduce its rate of wear, make the rate of wear of the fixing cutting teeth of region, drill bit heart portion and exterior zone close to synchronously.
embodiment 7:
The present embodiment and above-described embodiment are substantially identical, and its difference is: impact the impact cutting teeth 31 of cutting structure 3 be arranged in drill bit radius 1/3rd within radial extension within (as shown in figure 13).The centre of drill bit has an inner cone region usually, when creeping in the stratum that hardness high fragility is large, close to region, drill bit heart portion, impact cutting teeth is set, under the percussion of impacting cutting teeth, be easier to the brittle crush (i.e. volumetric fracture) of heart portion rock, be conducive to improving drill bit drilling efficiency.
embodiment 8:
The present embodiment and above-described embodiment are substantially identical, its difference is: the impact cutting teeth 31 impacting cutting structure 3 is arranged in except bit central and (as shown in figure 14) in the whole radial extension of advising except the fraction regions such as footpath, as shown in Figure 15, Figure 16, the center close to drill bit arranges intentionally portion's drift 3211.In the bad ground that, plasticity high in intensity is large, impact cutting teeth is all furnished with in the whole radial extension of drill bit, the uneven property of bottom rock can be increased in whole radial zone, improve efficiency of breaking rock and the cooling effect of whole radial extension internal fixtion cutting teeth, and then improve the efficiency of breaking rock of composite drill bit in this kind of bad ground and application life.
embodiment 9:
The present embodiment and above-described embodiment are substantially identical, its difference is: drift 321 is fixedly connected with dowel bar 322, dowel bar 322 and anvil body 323 chain connection, be provided with between dowel bar 322 and bit body 1 and swing slide block 328, swing slide block 328 hinged with dowel bar 322, swing slide block 328 to be slidably connected (as illustrated in figures 19 and 20) with bit body 1, namely define both allowed relative sliding by swinging cunning 328 pieces between dowel bar 322 and bit body 1, allow again to connect in relative rotation, dowel bar 322 and drift 321 both can slide by relative bit body 1, also can rotate around the center of rotation swinging slide block 328.When the impact direction of drift 321 and drill bit shaft larger to angle time, the introducing swinging slide block 328 can make the transmission of impact force more smooth and easy.
embodiment 10:
The present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 9, its difference is: as shown in figure 21, swing slide block 328 to be slidably connected with dowel bar 322, swing slide block 328 hinged with bit body 1, dowel bar 322 and drift 321 both can slide by relative bit body 1, also can rotate around the center of rotation swinging slide block 328.The effect of the present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 9.
embodiment 11:
In the present embodiment, the impact direction of described impact cutting structure is parallel to drill axis direction.As shown in figure 22, with this understanding, transmission mechanism 32, without the need to labyrinth, only needs drive link 322 consolidation drift 321.Other technologies scheme those skilled in the art can under feasible prerequisite independent assortment in manual technical scheme or other embodiments.
embodiment 12:
The present embodiment and above-described embodiment are substantially identical, and its difference is: composite drill bit comprises beater mechanism 33, and beater mechanism 33 and bit body are integral type structure (as shown in figure 24).The impact force that during bit operation, beater mechanism 33 produces is acted on the anvil body 323 of force transmission mechanism 32 by the block stamp 331 on beater mechanism 33.Integral structure makes that composite drill bit internal construction is compacter, reliability is higher.
embodiment 13:
The present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 12, its difference is: bit body 1 adopts split-type structural, be formed by connecting with the cutting structure body 61 being provided with stationary cutting structure 2 and impact cutting structure 3 by the impactor body 51 being provided with beater mechanism, the hollow part that beater mechanism is arranged on impactor body 51 forms impactor parts 5, and stationary cutting structure 2, impact cutting structure 3 and cutting structure body 61 form cutting structure parts 6(as shown in figure 25).The impact force that during bit operation, impactor parts 5 produce is acted on the anvil body 323 of force transmission mechanism by the upper block stamp 52 of beater mechanism.Adopt split-type structural to be conducive to manufacture and the use of composite drill bit, impactor parts 5 and cutting structure parts 6 can manufacture respectively, enter before well uses and fit together.
embodiment 14:
In the present embodiment, the rotation of dowel bar 322 and drift 321 etc. during for preventing bit operation, between drift 321 and bit body 1 or (and) be provided with anti-rotation structure between dowel bar 322 and bit body 1.As shown in figure 26, between dowel bar 322 and bit body 1, spline joint is set, rotates around dowel bar axle in the course of the work to avoid dowel bar 322 and drift 321 etc.
embodiment 15:
In the present embodiment, for preventing coming off of dowel bar 322 and drift 321 etc., between drift 321 and bit body 1 or (and) be provided with anti-drop structure between dowel bar 322 and bit body 1.As shown in figure 27, dowel bar 322 and bit body 1 are respectively arranged with slip-off preventing step 3223 and 12, come off from drill bit under pulling capacity effect in order to avoid dowel bar 322 and drift 321 etc.
embodiment 16:
In the present embodiment, for enter under preventing drill bit in process or on carry drill bit time block stamp to the hammering of anvil body 323, composite drill bit is provided with blank-run prevention structure.As shown in figure 28, when drill bit does not contact shaft bottom, due to the effect of gravity and circulation of fluid inside and outside differential pressure, impact the anvil body 323 in cutting structure 3, dowel bar 322, drift 321 and impact cutting teeth 31 meeting slide downward one segment distance together, make impact cutting teeth 31 protrude from outside the envelope contour face of stationary cutting structure cutting teeth 21, now the position impacted residing for cutting structure 3 is blank-run prevention position.On this position, the blank-run prevention design of beater mechanism can make the hammering of jump bit stopping to anvil body in beater mechanism, to realize the no-load protection to impacting cutting structure.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. one kind scrape cut-impact combined drill, comprise bit body (1) and be cemented in the stationary cutting structure (2) on bit body (1), it is characterized in that: described bit body (1) is also provided with and impacts cutting structure (3), impact cutting structure (3) and comprise the force transmission mechanism (32) and impact cutting teeth (31) that transmit impact force, impacting cutting teeth (31) is cemented on the drift (321) of force transmission mechanism (32) end, and described drift (321) to slide or slide impact relative to bit body (1) on impact force direction of transfer; Described force transmission mechanism (32) comprises the anvil body (323), dowel bar (322) and the drift (321) that connect successively, relative sliding is formed between anvil body (323) and bit body (1), relative sliding is formed between dowel bar (322) and bit body (1), or both allowed relative sliding by swinging slide block (328) formation, allow again to connect in relative rotation, described drift (321) is connected to the end of dowel bar (322), or forms an integral element with dowel bar (322); Between described anvil body (323) and bit body (1), the glide direction of relative sliding is parallel to center line of bit, described anvil body (323) and dowel bar (322) form and are rotationally connected or are slidably connected, described drift (321) can with the uneven impact force direction of transfer of center line of bit on slide relative to bit body (1) or slide and impact.
2. one according to claim 1 scrape cut-impact combined drill, it is characterized in that: described bit body (1) is also provided with and produces impact force and transmit the beater mechanism (33) of impact force by described force transmission mechanism (32).
3. one according to claim 2 scrape cut-impact combined drill, it is characterized in that: described bit body (1) adopts split-type structural, by be provided with described beater mechanism impactor body (51) and be provided with described stationary cutting structure (2) and impact cutting structure (3) cutting structure body (61) be formed by connecting, beater mechanism is arranged on the hollow part of impactor body (51).
4. the one according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 scrape cut-impact combined drill, it is characterized in that: in the radial zone beyond drill bit radius 1/3rd, be furnished with described impact cutting teeth (31).
5. the one according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 scrape cut-impact combined drill, it is characterized in that: in the radial zone beyond drill bit radius 1/2nd, be furnished with described impact cutting teeth (31).
6. the one according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 scrape cut-impact combined drill, it is characterized in that: in the radial zone beyond drill bit radius 2/3rds, be furnished with described impact cutting teeth (31).
7. the one according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 scrape cut-impact combined drill, it is characterized in that: in the radial zone within drill bit radius 1/3rd, be furnished with described impact cutting teeth (31).
8. the one according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 scrape cut-impact combined drill, it is characterized in that: in same impact cutting unit, the quantity of dowel bar is one or more than one, when the quantity of dowel bar is more than one, each dowel bar is mutually connected in series, is connected through the hinge between the adjacent dowel bar wherein each other with relative motion.
9. the one according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 scrape cut-impact combined drill, it is characterized in that: the fixing cutting teeth (21) on described stationary cutting structure (2) is composite polycrystal-diamond, or be TSP, natural diamond or impregnated with diamond cutting teeth, the impact cutting teeth (31) impacted on cutting structure (3) is hard-metal insert, or makes the hard-metal insert strengthened on surface of diamond.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210155406.8A CN102678055B (en) | 2012-05-18 | 2012-05-18 | One scrape cut-impact combined drill |
| PCT/CN2013/075839 WO2013170788A1 (en) | 2012-05-18 | 2013-05-17 | Combination scraping and impacting drill bit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210155406.8A CN102678055B (en) | 2012-05-18 | 2012-05-18 | One scrape cut-impact combined drill |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN102678055A CN102678055A (en) | 2012-09-19 |
| CN102678055B true CN102678055B (en) | 2015-10-28 |
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| CN201210155406.8A Active CN102678055B (en) | 2012-05-18 | 2012-05-18 | One scrape cut-impact combined drill |
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| CN (1) | CN102678055B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2013170788A1 (en) |
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| CN102678055B (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2015-10-28 | 西南石油大学 | One scrape cut-impact combined drill |
| CN102900371B (en) * | 2012-10-18 | 2014-09-24 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Impact rotary-cut composite rock breaking tool |
| CN103089154B (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2015-07-08 | 西南石油大学 | Composite drill bit |
| CN103835660B (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2016-03-16 | 郑州神利达钻采设备有限公司 | Intelligent retraction type composite drill bit |
| CN105156036B (en) | 2015-08-27 | 2018-01-05 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Convex ridge type on-plane surface cutting tooth and diamond bit |
| CN105649539B (en) * | 2016-04-05 | 2017-12-26 | 武汉亿斯达工具有限公司 | Quartering hammer combined cut PDC drill bit |
| CN106089087B (en) * | 2016-08-02 | 2019-02-15 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of punching composite drill bit suitable for bad ground |
| JP6920008B2 (en) | 2017-03-07 | 2021-08-18 | エム． イブ，ジョナサン | Hybrid bit containing earth boring and percussion elements for excavating formations |
| CN107558930A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-01-09 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of PDC impact head drill bits with pre-impact effect |
| CN111236848B (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2021-07-20 | 西南石油大学 | Controllable electromagnetic drive type impact-scraping composite drill bit and method |
| CN111877994B (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2022-12-27 | 刘伟 | PDC drill bit with axially-impacted cutting teeth |
| CN114439373A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2022-05-06 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Impact shearing composite drill bit for hard formation |
| CN115370295B (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2023-07-14 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | PDC drill bit shocks resistance with buffering shock-absorbing function |
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| US8459378B2 (en) * | 2009-05-13 | 2013-06-11 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Hybrid drill bit |
| CN101892810B (en) * | 2010-07-16 | 2012-07-25 | 西南石油大学 | Combined drill breaking rocks by cutting method |
| CN101886522B (en) * | 2010-07-16 | 2012-07-25 | 西南石油大学 | Wheel-type drill for breaking rock in cutting mode |
| WO2012039630A1 (en) * | 2010-09-21 | 2012-03-29 | Flexidrill Limited | Hybrid drill bit |
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| CN102678051B (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2017-05-03 | 西南石油大学 | Disc-type composite drill bit with impact cutting structure |
| CN102678053B (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2015-08-19 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of intersect scrape cut-impact combined drill |
| CN102678052A (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2012-09-19 | 西南石油大学 | Disc cutter composite drill bit |
| CN202659148U (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2013-01-09 | 西南石油大学 | Disc-cutter compound drill bit |
| CN202673148U (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2013-01-16 | 西南石油大学 | Cross scraping-impacting combined type drill bit |
| CN102678055B (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2015-10-28 | 西南石油大学 | One scrape cut-impact combined drill |
| CN202659149U (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2013-01-09 | 西南石油大学 | Disc-type composite drill bit with impact cutting structure |
| CN202659147U (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2013-01-09 | 西南石油大学 | Roller compound drill bit with impact cutting structure |
| CN102678050B (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2015-10-28 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of have the gear wheel composite drill bit impacting cutting structure |
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2012
- 2012-05-18 CN CN201210155406.8A patent/CN102678055B/en active Active
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2013
- 2013-05-17 WO PCT/CN2013/075839 patent/WO2013170788A1/en active Application Filing
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| CN202659151U (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2013-01-09 | 西南石油大学 | Scraping cutting and impacting combined drilling bit |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2013170788A1 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
| CN102678055A (en) | 2012-09-19 |
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