CN202659149U - Disc-type composite drill bit with impact cutting structure - Google Patents
Disc-type composite drill bit with impact cutting structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN202659149U CN202659149U CN 201220225053 CN201220225053U CN202659149U CN 202659149 U CN202659149 U CN 202659149U CN 201220225053 CN201220225053 CN 201220225053 CN 201220225053 U CN201220225053 U CN 201220225053U CN 202659149 U CN202659149 U CN 202659149U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a disc-type composite drill bit with an impact cutting structure, and belongs to the field of rock breaking tools for drilling equipment for petroleum and gas, mine engineering, basic engineering construction of buildings, geological drilling, hydrological drilling and the like. The disc-type composite drill bit comprises a drill bit body and a wheel disc cutting structure arranged on the drill bit body, wherein the drill bit body is also provided with the impact cutting structure; the impact cutting structure comprises a force transmitting mechanism for transmitting impact force and impact cutting teeth; the impact cutting teeth are fixed on a punch at the tail end of the force transmitting mechanism; and the punch can slide or slidably impact relative to the drill bit body in the impact force transmitting direction. Compared with the common disc-type drill bit, the disc-type composite drill bit is high in rock breaking efficiency, long in service life and wide in application range, and is particularly suitable for hard strata or strata which are difficultly drilled by the traditional drill bit.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to the drilling equipments such as petroleum gas, mine engineering, building foundation engineering construction, geology, the hydrology and uses the rock crushing tool field.
Background technology
Drill bit be in the drilling engineering in order to fractured rock, form the rock crushing tool of pit shaft.Employed conventional bit mainly contains tricone bit, polycrystalline diamond compact bit (being the PDC drill bit) and percussion bit (also claiming rotary percussion drill bit or bore bit) etc. in the drilling engineering now.
Tricone bit mainly breaks rock with the form of crushing (tooth is pressed into rock and causes catalase), applicable stratum wider range, but capacity usage ratio is not high, and efficiency of breaking rock is relatively low.Particularly when deep formation crept into, the cuttings hold-down effect in shaft bottom was fairly obvious under the high density drilling fluid action condition, and tooth is difficult to be pressed into the stratum and forms effectively fragmentation, and the drill bit rate of penetration is very limited.Bearing life is low to be one of the principal element in restriction tricone bit application life.Tricone bit needs the higher efficiency of breaking rock of large the pressure of the drill guarantee, so the load amplitude of bearing is high, simultaneously the gear wheel upper teeth operating principle that replaces fractured rock must cause drill bit axially or extensional vibration, and the fluctuation of bearing load by a relatively large margin.Cone bit bearing is in the work under bad environment of down-hole in addition, and the life-span of bearing seal is difficult to ensure, so the bearing life of tricone bit is relatively short.
The PDC drill bit is that a kind of composite polycrystal-diamond (be the PDC tooth, also be called for short tooth) that utilizes is cut scraping of rock or the drill bit of the broken rock of shear action.Owing to possessing outstanding superiority aspect cutting element performance and the broken rock mode, thus the PDC drill bit at soft efficiency of breaking rock to medium ground apparently higher than tricone bit.Now, the PDC drill bit uses more and morely in drilling engineering, and ratio is increasing, but for hardness, stratum and serious inhomogeneous stratum that abrasiveness is high, the PDC drill bit still is difficult to adapt to.
Percussion bit is the fixed teeth rock crushing tool that cooperates down-the-hole air hammer (being down-hole hammer) to use in the rotary percussion drilling.The structure of percussion bit is similar to the PDC drill bit, does not have moveable element on the drill bit, the fixed cutting teeth that can cover zone to be broken, shaft bottom of some on the bit body.Difference mainly is: the cutting element of PDC drill bit is mainly the PDC tooth, and the cutting element of percussion bit is mainly the carbide alloy similar to the rock bit teeth patterning or the compound tooth of diamond.The crushing mechanism of the rock breaking mechanism of percussion bit and rock bit and the cutting scheme of PDC drill bit all have significant difference.Percussion bit relies on the instant impact realization of its tooth to the fragmentation of bottom rock.The upper end of percussion bit is connecting down-the-hole air hammer, down-the-hole air hammer is when work, its block stamp moves back and forth under the effect of circulation of fluid (drilling fluid or gas circulation medium), repeatedly clash into drill bit or bore bit, thereby for providing pulsatile impact load with the contacted drill teeth of bottom rock, rock occurs broken under the instant impact effect of tooth.Because the shock loading of drill bit depends on down-the-hole air hammer, so, (these characteristics and rock bit have remarkable difference not need to apply very large the pressure of the drill in the percussion bit course of work, rock bit must be depressed at wammel could obtain higher efficiency of breaking rock), only need with very little the pressure of the drill drill bit to be pressed in the shaft bottom and get final product.Generally, percussion bit can be obtained higher efficiency of breaking rock in brittle formation when particularly harder brittle formation is crept into.In addition, at the larger easily layer tiltedly of stratigraphic dip, adopt percussion bit to creep into and be conducive to reduce hole deviation trend.But because percussion bit is the fixed teeth drill bit, when having a small amount of cutting teeth to damage inefficacy, it is responsible for broken well bottom zone can't be broken, this will affect efficiency of breaking rock and the drilling ability of whole drill bit, the inefficacy meeting of a small amount of cutting teeth causes the infringement of bit body very soon, and then affects the application life of drill bit.
Disc drill bit (also pan of a steelyard shape drill bit, dish-shaped drill bit or dish formula drill bit) is a kind of rock bit of brand-new tooth-shape structure, and its flank of tooth is made vertical with gear wheel (or claim wheel disc) bus or become the continuous or interrupted gear ring of annular of certain helical angle.The rock breaking mechanism of disc drill bit is different from conventional rock bit, when gear ring rolls stone roller along rock, utilizes large contact stress to force catalase, forms the broken-rock zone of concentric circular type.Because gear ring becomes annular, be convenient to the continuous rolling of gear wheel (or claiming wheel disc) on rock, therefore, the service load of comparing disc drill bit with tricone bit is more steady, and the suffered load fluctuation amplitude of bearing is also much smaller.Bench test and the commercial test results of the disc drill bit of different size type all show, compare with the tricone bit of routine, disc drill bit firmly, extremely hard, abrasive layer and deep-well, slim-hole creep into more effective.Have research and the test of disc drill bit mid-term in last century in countries such as the former Soviet Union, the U.S., France, Britain, platform experiment at that time and the result of field experiment demonstrate good prospect, but are difficult to see the use of disc drill bit in drilling well today.The principal mode that the fatigue failure of disc drill bit cutting teeth (fluted disc) and abrasive wear are its inefficacy.The life-span that it is exactly cutting teeth that disc drill bit does not have the real main cause of applying at the scene is too short, is difficult to satisfy the requirement of drilling well.
The utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is: a kind of disc type composite drill bit that impacts cutting structure that has is provided, increase the impact cutting structure on wheel disc cutter drill bits (being disc drill bit) basis, combined drill is under the synergy of impacting and rolling, utilize the advantage of rock fracture in dynamic indentation mode, improve efficiency of breaking rock, increase drilling life of bit, promote the service behaviour in the bad ground that drill bit is higher in intensity, abrasiveness is stronger.
The utility model purpose realizes by following technical proposals:
A kind of disc type composite drill bit (abbreviation composite drill bit) with impact cutting structure, comprise bit body and the wheel disc cutting structure that is arranged on the bit body, also be provided with the impact cutting structure on the described bit body, impacting cutting structure comprises the force transmission mechanism that transmits impact force and impacts cutting teeth, impact cutting teeth and be cemented on the drift of force transmission mechanism end, described drift can be done slip with respect to bit body or slide and impact on the impact force direction of transfer.
Particularly, have the disc type composite drill bit that impacts cutting structure and comprise bit body, the wheel disc cutting structure, impact cutting structure and hydraulic structure, also can comprise the beater mechanism that produces impact force, impacting cutting structure comprises the force transmission mechanism that transmits impact force and impacts cutting teeth, force transmission mechanism comprises the anvil body that connects successively, dowel bar and drift, form relative sliding between anvil body and the bit body, form relative sliding between dowel bar and the bit body, or form and both allowed relative sliding by swinging slide block, allow again to connect in relative rotation, drift is connected to the end of dowel bar, impact cutting teeth and be cemented on the drift, drift can be done slip with respect to bit body or slide and impact on the impact force direction of transfer.Described bit body is to adhere to, supporting or receiving drill bit wheel disc cutting structure, impact the matrix of cutting structure and beater mechanism, also is the matrix of nozzle being installed, being formed the drill bit runner.The upper end of bit body (also be the circulation of fluid arrival end, be called for short arrival end) is provided with to connect the screw thread of drill string.The top of bit body is tubular structure, and its tube wall had both had the function of transmitting the pressure of the drill, also plays effect pipe is interior, that the pipe external space is isolated, and its endoporus space is used for arranging the elements such as anvil body of force transmission mechanism, and beater mechanism also can be located therein.The bottom of bit body is mainly the matrix of wheel disc cutting structure, has offered hole or groove in order to hold dowel bar on it, has also offered the circulatory mediator spray-hole.Except the extending part of drift, impact cutting teeth and dowel bar, the other parts of impacting cutting structure all are positioned at the inner space of bit body, and install from top to bottom according to the order of anvil body-dowel bar-drift.When composite drill bit comprised beater mechanism, top-down erection sequence was: beater mechanism-anvil body-dowel bar-drift, the impact force action that beater mechanism produces are passed to dowel bar, drift by the anvil body on the anvil body again.The upper surface of anvil body is the work plane of load of withstanding shocks, and the lower end is connected with dowel bar, can be to be slidingly connected, and also can be hinged (being chain connection), perhaps directly connects etc.When employing is slidingly connected, can be along the contact surface relative sliding between anvil body and the dowel bar; When adopting articulated manner to connect, can relatively rotate around hinged center between anvil body and the dowel bar.Drift is connected to the other end of dowel bar with modes such as screw thread, interference fit, pin, welding, or consists of an integral element with dowel bar.Drift, fixed impact cutting teeth and the dowel bar that matches thereon consist of one and impact cutting unit, impact the quantity of cutting unit and can only have one, also several can be arranged.In same impact cutting unit, the quantity of dowel bar is one or more than one, and when the quantity of dowel bar during more than one, each dowel bar is mutually connected in series, wherein has each other between the adjacent dowel bar of relative motion to be connected through the hinge.Between force transmission mechanism and the bit body and being connected or mounting means between each element of force transmission mechanism, make drift on the shock loading direction of transfer, do slip with respect to bit body.The wheel disc cutting structure is arranged on the bit body bottom, includes the wheel palm and wheel disc (also claiming the wheel disc gear wheel), and the wheel palm is integrated with bit body is fixed, and wheel disc is installed on the axle journal of the wheel palm, forms with the wheel palm to be rotationally connected, and is provided with the continuous or interrupted gear ring of annular on the wheel disc.Hydraulic structure mainly comprises inside and outside runner of drilling well circulatory mediator, and the nozzle that is installed in the inner flow passage exit.On drill bit, also be provided with some auxiliary elements, be included as the location centralizing cover that guarantees the correct operating position of anvil body and arrange, and be the elements such as the slide block realizing arranging being connected between anvil body and the dowel bar, bearing pin, and potted component etc.
One of key of the present utility model is: wheel disc cutting structure and impact cutting structure combine and consist of the combined cut structure, impact cutting teeth on the drift constantly impacts the shaft bottom with certain frequency under impact force action, the wheel disc cutting structure on the cooperation drill bit is finished the fragmentation to bottom rock jointly.Arrangement and the quantity on bit body about wheel disc cutting structure and impact cutting structure, those skilled in the art can have numerous selections in conjunction with prior art under the instruction of this manual, and these technical schemes are all within the utility model protection domain.
Two of key of the present utility model is: drift can be done slip with respect to bit body or slide and impact on the impact force direction of transfer.Resultant effect is: the first, and the pressure of the drill that is delivered on the bit body by drill string can not be applied on the impact cutting teeth, thereby has avoided the impact cutting teeth continuing contingent Fast Wearing under large the pressure of the drill effect; The second, the pulsatile impact load of impacting cutting structure can not be delivered on bit body and even the drill string, the adverse effect of having avoided pulsatile impact load may cause the safety of bit body and even drill string; The 3rd, help the realization of beater mechanism blank-run prevention function.About impacting the frame mode in order to realize that drift slides with respect to bit body on impact direction in the cutting structure; those skilled in the art can have numerous selections in conjunction with prior art under the instruction of this manual, these technical schemes are all within the utility model protection domain.
Impact cutting teeth on the described impact cutting structure is hard-metal insert, or does the hard-metal insert that the surface is strengthened with diamond.Profile of tooth as the hard-metal insert that impacts cutting teeth can be hemi-spherical ended shape insert, blunt conical-ended shape insert, chisel teeth, wedge crested chisel insert and scoop chisel insert, also can be the tooth with other shape of good rock fracture in dynamic indentation effect.
The slide plane that matches with bit body at force transmission mechanism (mainly being dowel bar) arranges sealing device, avoid the erosion to dowel bar, bit body in the leakage process of the leakage of circulation of fluid and fluid, simultaneously, because circulation of fluid is higher than outside the bit body at the pressure of bit body inner chamber, the poor force transmission mechanism that acts on of external and internal pressure, generation is with the thrust of drift to extrapolation, and this thrust can make the cutting teeth on the drift press rock surface, is conducive to improve the rock fracture in dynamic indentation efficient of cutting teeth.
The impact cutting teeth of described impact cutting structure can be arranged within the radially coverage of described wheel disc cutting structure wheel disc cutting teeth, also can independently arrange the radially coverage overlaid of wheel disc cutting structure wheel disc cutting teeth (not with), or part is independent arranges.
As optimal way, the impact cutting teeth of described impact cutting structure and described wheel disc cutting structure wheel disc cutting teeth arrange in radially overlapping covering, and the impact cutting teeth that impacts cutting structure is arranged within the radial zone beyond the drill bit radius 1/3rd.
As optimal way, the impact cutting teeth of described impact cutting structure and described wheel disc cutting structure wheel disc cutting teeth arrange in radially overlapping covering, and the impact cutting teeth that impacts cutting structure is arranged within the radial zone beyond the drill bit radius 1/2nd.
As optimal way, the impact cutting teeth of described impact cutting structure and described wheel disc cutting structure wheel disc cutting teeth arrange in radially overlapping covering, and the impact cutting teeth of described impact cutting structure is arranged within the radial zone beyond the drill bit radius 2/3rds.
As optimal way, the impact cutting teeth of described impact cutting structure is arranged in drill bit radius 1/3rd with within the interior radial zone.
Described force transmission mechanism is provided with anti-rotation structure, rotates around the dowel bar axle in the course of the work to avoid drift.
Also can be provided with anti-drop structure on the described force transmission mechanism, come off from drill bit under the pulling capacity effect to avoid drift and dowel bar.
As optimal way, when described composite drill bit comprised beater mechanism, bit body adopted split-type structural, beater mechanism and corresponding bit body part thereof can be separated from composite drill bit, consisted of independent parts.This moment, bit body was formed by connecting by the impactor body that is provided with beater mechanism and the cutting structure body that is provided with wheel disc cutting structure and impact cutting structure, beater mechanism is installed in the hollow part of impactor body, and the impactor body is used for holding, installing beater mechanism.At this moment, composite drill bit just is divided into two on the function and make relatively independent part, the i.e. rock crushing tool of the impactor on top and bottom.The function of impactor just provides pulsatile impact power, and the function of rock crushing tool is transmitted impact force exactly, and implements direct fragmentation to rock with the wheel disc cutting structure.Adopt split-type structural more to be conducive to manufacturing and the use of composite drill bit, impactor parts and rock crushing tool parts can be made respectively, enter to fit together before well uses again.
For the composite drill bit that comprises beater mechanism, its course of work is:
Composite drill bit is connected to the least significant end of drill string, enters after the well, and drill bit moves closer to, arrives the shaft bottom.(when circulation of fluid was drilling fluid, driving arrangement was borehole pump to start the circulation of fluid driving arrangement; When circulation of fluid be gas or when being mainly gas, driving arrangement is gas compressor), make circulation of fluid in the inside and outside circulation of drill string.Apply the pressure of the drill at drill bit, the beginning rotary drilling, the cutting teeth on the drill bit wheel disc cutting structure namely begins broken bottom rock.Meanwhile, because circulation of fluid has begun circulation, under the driving of drill string inner loop fluid, beater mechanism is started working, apply continuously the pulsatile impact load of certain frequency scope to the anvil body, shock loading is passed to dowel bar by the anvil body, is passed to drift again, finally be applied to and impact on the cutting teeth, thereby realize impacting cutting structure to the fragmentation of bottom rock.After circulation of fluid flows through beater mechanism, flow out from bit port or nozzle by inner flow passage again, finish the cooling cutting teeth, clean drill bit, bottom-hole cleaning and cutting carring function.Although the broken rock work of wheel disc cutting structure and impact cutting structure is carried out separately, rock breaking mechanism is also different, each other useful influencing each other can occur.Combined drill is usually take the wheel disc cutting structure as the main cutting structure, and impacting cutting structure is the assisted machining structure.Wheel disc cutting structure on the composite drill bit just is equivalent to a common disc drill bit, and the key of its efficiency of breaking rock is that cutting teeth is to the active force that rolls of rock on the wheel disc.Roll crushing effect if increase, usually can only increase the pressure of the drill, and the increase of the pressure of the drill is limited, and increase wearing and tearing and fatigue failure that the pressure of the drill can aggravate the wheel disc cutting teeth, the application life of reducing the wheel disc inner bearing, thereby the working life of reduction drill bit.The essence of technical solutions of the utility model is exactly to introduce in wheel disc cutter drill bits (being disc drill bit) to impact cutting structure, and this technical scheme can promote efficiency of breaking rock and the cutting teeth working life of wheel disc cutting structure significantly.The high contact stress that the wheel disc cutting structure produces when mainly rolling rock by the dish type gear ring forces catalase, form the broken-rock zone of concentric circular type, because the needs of structure and making space, can leave annular between radially adjoining two fluted discs and not roll band, the rock (i.e. protuberance phacolith) that annular does not roll band makes its fragmentation by the mutual perforation of the running crack that adjacent two crushing stresses that roll zone of fracture produce, and the direct impact of the expansion rate of crackle and extended range does not roll the crushing effect of band.Impact cutting structure and rely on the impact cutting teeth to the pulsatile impact load fractured rock of rock certain frequency, respective regions in the shaft bottom forms fragmentation hole one by one or is pressed into the hole, when forming broken hole, also can produce running crack at bottom rock, impact cutting structure and wheel disc cutting structure and be complementary, be conducive to the fragmentation that interlocks, expands perforation and rock of shaft bottom crackle; By appropriate design, can be arranged in the region of not rolling that the wheel disc cutting teeth can not directly cover with impacting cutting teeth, utilize and impact the rock that the direct fragmentation of cutting teeth should the zone.Therefore, under the direct help of impacting cutting teeth, can improve the efficiency of breaking rock of drill bit.And, the process of impacting the cutting structure fractured rock does not need to apply the pressure of the drill substantially, therefore, broken rock drilling effect in the time of can being issued to without impact structure in relatively little the pressure of the drill effect during larger the pressure of the drill, slow down wearing and tearing and the fatigue damage of wheel disc cutting teeth than the bradawl pressure energy, and the raising bearing life, thereby prolong drilling life of bit.
In the impact cutting structure of composite drill bit, impact each element (comprising anvil body, dowel bar, drift and cutting teeth etc.) that bears pulsatile impact load in the cutting structure and can on the shock loading direction of transfer, do slip or the impact of sliding with respect to bit body.Like this, in the normal drilling process of drill bit, impact cutting structure and do not bear the pressure of the drill from drill string and bit body, also the do not withstand shocks pulsatile impact load of cutting structure of wheel disc cutting structure.These characteristics both can avoid pulsatile impact load to damage or the adverse effect of wheel disc cutting structure cutting teeth, bearing, bit body and even upper drilling string, also can avoid impacting cutting teeth because continuing to bear the Fast Wearing that large work the pressure of the drill causes.In addition, these characteristics also provide necessary condition for the blank-run prevention function that realizes composite drill bit.Being lowered in the process of drill bit; because the effect of gravity and circulatory mediator inside and outside differential pressure; impact anvil body, dowel bar, the drift in the cutting structure and impact together down sliding one segment distance of cutting teeth; the impact cutting teeth is protruded from outside the wheel disc cutting structure cutting teeth envelope contour face; impact the residing position of cutting structure this moment is the blank-run prevention position; on this position; the design of the blank-run prevention of beater mechanism can make the impact hammer in the beater mechanism stop hammering to the anvil body, to realize the no-load protection of impact cutting structure.Move closer at drill bit, when arriving the shaft bottom, outstanding impact cutting teeth at first contacts the shaft bottom, further in place along with drill bit then, the said elements that impacts in the cutting structure is retracted to normal operation position gradually.When drill bit after the shaft bottom is fully in place, drill bit begins rotary drilling, impacts cutting structure and wheel disc cutting structure and begins to break normally rock work.When carrying drill bit on the needs when (as pulling out of hole or the continued access drill string), gradually rising along with bit location, opposite with going down process, wheel disc cutting structure on the drill bit at first leaves the shaft bottom, still keeps contacting with bottom rock and impact cutting teeth, simultaneously, impact the downward slippage of the relative bit body of aforementioned other related elements in the cutting structure until arrive the blank-run prevention position, after this impact the cutting teeth load that no longer withstands shocks, then break away from the shaft bottom, rise with the drill bit other parts.
For the composite drill bit that does not comprise beater mechanism, the course of work that produces pulsatile impact load is no longer finished by composite drill bit, finishes and change by impactor.In addition, all the other courses of work are identical with the course of work with the disc type composite drill bit that impacts cutting structure that comprises beater mechanism.Not comprising having of beater mechanism, to impact the disc type composite drill bit of cutting structure be not the drill bit of a telotism, must with the use of just going into the well after the supporting installation of corresponding impactor.In fact the composite drill bit of this moment is exactly split type rock crushing tool parts with the disc type composite drill bit that impacts cutting structure.When concrete the use, generally should first supporting impactor and composite drill bit be linked together (impactor is connected on the composite drill bit), and then impactor, the composite drill bit that combines be connected to the drill string end.After installing, the use of can going into the well.
The beneficial effects of the utility model:
(1) when composite drill bit during in the shaft bottom rotary drilling, well bottom zone in wheel disc cutting teeth and the overlapping covering of impact cutting teeth, the effect of rolling of wheel disc cutting structure forms broken-rock zone and the crackle of concentric circles annular, the impact cutting teeth is pressed into hole or broken hole and crackle to the continuous percussion formation of rock, and makes the shaft bottom become uneven.Impact cutting structure and wheel disc cutting structure and be complementary, be conducive to the fragmentation that interlocks, expands perforation and rock of shaft bottom crackle; By appropriate design, can be arranged in the region of not rolling that the wheel disc cutting teeth can not directly cover with impacting cutting teeth, utilize and impact the rock that the direct fragmentation of cutting teeth should the zone.Therefore, under the direct help of impacting cutting teeth, can improve the efficiency of breaking rock of drill bit.
(2) process of impact cutting structure fractured rock does not need to apply the pressure of the drill substantially, therefore, broken rock drilling effect in the time of can being issued to without impact structure in relatively little the pressure of the drill effect during larger the pressure of the drill, slow down wearing and tearing and the fatigue damage of wheel disc cutting teeth than the bradawl pressure energy, and the raising bearing life, thereby prolong drilling life of bit.
(3) force transmission mechanism in the composite drill bit can be done slip with respect to bit body on the shock loading direction of transfer, resultant beneficial effect is: first, the pressure of the drill that is delivered on the bit body by drill string can not be applied on the impact cutting teeth, thereby has avoided impacting cutting teeth at the Fast Wearing that continues under large the pressure of the drill pressure holding; Second, the pulsatile impact load of impacting cutting structure can not be delivered on bit body and even the drill string, the do not withstand shocks pulsatile impact load of cutting structure of wheel disc cutting structure, this can be avoided pulsatile impact load to damage or the adverse effect of wheel disc cutting structure cutting teeth, bearing, bit body and even upper drilling string; The 3rd, help the realization of beater mechanism blank-run prevention function.
(4) centre of common disc drill bit has an inner cone zone usually, composite drill bit can impact cutting structure at this region division, at the bottom of the tapered well of protuberance under the impact force action that impacts cutting teeth volumetric fracture occurs more easily, the catalase speed in centre, shaft bottom is significantly accelerated, thereby promotes the raising of drill bit efficiency of breaking rock.
(5) can cover all composite drill bits of (or approaching all) radial zone of shaft bottom for the wheel disc cutting structure, when beater mechanism or impact cutting structure because a variety of causes causes losing efficacy or during inefficiency, the wheel disc cutting structure still can work alone.These characteristics of composite drill bit are better than conventional percussion bit.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present utility model, and composite drill bit does not comprise beater mechanism, has 2 wheel discs, and 2 covers impact cutting unit, the alternate layout of wheel disc and drift.
Fig. 2 is composite drill bit shown in Figure 1 view (top view) when seeing from the cutting structure end to tip side.
Fig. 3 does the impact cutting structure cross-sectional schematic of part after dissecing to composite drill bit shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 4 is the decomposing schematic representation (for showing the relation of installation, bit body 1 having been carried out horizontal subdivision from the middle part) to composite drill bit shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 5 is the structural principle schematic diagram that is provided with anvil body supporting positive cover between anvil body of the present utility model and the bit body, and supporting positive cover plays the righting location to the anvil body.
Fig. 6 is the righting positioning principle schematic diagram (anvil body 323 with the endoporus hole wall of bit body 1 contact, form matched in clearance, realize the righting location of anvil body) of the utility model anvil body during without supporting positive cover.
Fig. 7 is the composite drill bit drape tooth figure radially when impacting cutting teeth and being arranged in zone beyond the drill bit radius 1/3rd.
Fig. 8 is the composite drill bit drape tooth figure radially when impacting cutting teeth and being arranged in zone beyond the drill bit radius 1/2nd.
Fig. 9 is the composite drill bit drape tooth figure radially when impacting cutting teeth and being arranged in drill bit radius 2/3rds with exterior domain.
Figure 10 is the composite drill bit drape tooth figure radially when impacting cutting teeth and being arranged in drill bit radius 1/3rd with inner region.
Figure 11 is the composite drill bit drape tooth figure radially when impacting cutting teeth and being arranged in whole radial extension except bit central and zone such as fraction such as grade, rule footpath.
Figure 12 is that the utility model composite drill bit has 3 wheel discs and 1 cover impacts cutting unit, and the top view when impacting cutting unit and being arranged in drill bit heart section.
Figure 13 is the force transmission mechanism principle schematic of structure shown in Figure 1, and in this force transmission mechanism, drift is fixedly connected with dowel bar, and dowel bar and anvil body form and be slidingly connected (sliding pair).
Figure 14 is the principle schematic of a kind of force transmission mechanism of the present utility model, in this force transmission mechanism, impact in the cutting unit 2 dowel bars are arranged, one of them dowel bar (one) is fixedly connected with (or being the integral type structure) with drift, another dowel bar (two) is connected (formation revolute pair) by hinge with the anvil body, between 2 dowel bars also by hinge be connected (formation revolute pair).
Figure 15 is the principle schematic of a kind of force transmission mechanism of the present utility model, in this force transmission mechanism, drift is fixedly connected with dowel bar, dowel bar and anvil body are connected through the hinge, be provided with the swing slide block between dowel bar and the bit body, swing slide block and dowel bar hinged, swinging slide block and bit body is slidingly connected, be to have formed and both allow relative sliding by swinging slide block between dowel bar and the bit body, allow again to connect in relative rotation, dowel bar both can slide by relative bit body with drift, also can rotate around the center of rotation that swings slide block.
Figure 16 is provided with the swing slide block between the dowel bar of force transmission mechanism shown in Figure 15 and the bit body, swings slide block hinged with dowel bar, the structural representation when swing slide block and bit body are slidingly connected.
Figure 17 is the principle schematic of a kind of force transmission mechanism of the present utility model, in this force transmission mechanism, drift is fixedly connected with dowel bar, dowel bar and anvil body are connected through the hinge, be provided with the swing slide block between dowel bar and the bit body, swing slide block and dowel bar and be slidingly connected, swing slide block and bit body hinged, dowel bar both can slide by relative bit body with drift, also can rotate around the center of rotation that swings slide block.
Figure 18 is the structural representation of a kind of force transmission mechanism of the present utility model, and in this force transmission mechanism, drive link and drift are fixed, and the impact direction that impacts cutting structure is parallel to the drill axis direction.
Figure 19 is impact cutting teeth of the present utility model schematic diagram when adopting diamond to do the hard-metal insert of strengthening on the surface.
Figure 20 comprises beater mechanism, and the composite drill bit structural representation when adopting integral structure.
Figure 21 comprises beater mechanism, and adopts the composite drill bit structural representation of split-type structural.
Figure 22 is for preventing that drift and dowel bar from rotating, the structural concept schematic diagram when adopting spline joint between dowel bar and bit body.
Figure 23 is for preventing coming off of drift and dowel bar etc., the structural concept schematic diagram when dowel bar and bit body are provided with the slip-off preventing step.
Figure 24 is the structural representation of composite drill bit when being in the blank-run prevention position.
Wherein: 1, bit body, 12, bit body slip-off preventing step, 2, the wheel disc cutting structure, 21, the wheel disc cutting teeth, 22, wheel disc, 3, impact cutting structure, 31, impact cutting teeth, 311, carbide alloy, 312, the diamond enhancement Layer, 32, force transmission mechanism, 321, drift, 322, dowel bar, 323, the anvil body, 324, supporting positive cover, 325, sealing ring, 328, swing slide block, 3221, dowel bar (one), 3222, dowel bar (two), 3223, dowel bar slip-off preventing step, 33, beater mechanism, 331, block stamp, 41, runner, 42, nozzle, 5, the impactor parts, 51, the impactor body, 52, the impactor block stamp, 6, the cutting structure parts, 61, the cutting structure body.
The specific embodiment
Following non-limiting examples is used for explanation the utility model.
Embodiment 1:
Such as Fig. 1 to Fig. 4, Fig. 7, Figure 13 and shown in Figure 19, a kind of disc type composite drill bit with impact cutting structure, comprise bit body 1, bit body 1 is provided with wheel disc cutting structure 2, the hydraulic structure that impacts cutting structure 3 and formed by runner 41 and nozzle 42, wheel disc cutting structure 2 includes wheel disc cutting teeth 21, impacting cutting structure 3 comprises the force transmission mechanism 32 that transmits impact force and impacts cutting teeth 31, force transmission mechanism 32 comprises drift 321, dowel bar 322 and anvil body 323, impact cutting teeth 31 and be cemented on the drift 321 of force transmission mechanism 32 ends, drift 321 can be done slip with respect to bit body 1 on the impact force direction of transfer.Composite drill bit does not comprise beater mechanism, has 2 wheel discs, and 2 covers impact cutting unit, wheel disc 22 and drift 321 alternate layouts.Be provided with sealing device (such as the sealing ring 325 between dowel bar among Fig. 3 322 and the bit body 1) between bit body 1 and the force transmission mechanism 32.Impacting cutting teeth 31 can do the hard-metal insert that the surface is strengthened for hard-metal insert or with diamond, and other similar teeth applicable to the various types of materials on the drift.Hard-metal insert has good impact toughness, and price is lower, and the application of hard-metal insert makes to impact when cutting teeth has better impact toughness and can also reduce cost.It is good that diamond is done the hard-metal insert abrasion resistance of strengthening on the surface, and cutting teeth has strengthened abrasion resistance when guaranteeing better impact toughness.As shown in figure 19, the impact cutting teeth on the drift 321 31 adopts diamond to do the hard-metal insert that the surface is strengthened.The profile of tooth of impacting cutting teeth 3 can be blunt conical-ended shape insert, chisel teeth, hemi-spherical ended shape insert, wedge crested chisel insert and scoop chisel insert, also can be the tooth with other shape of good rock fracture in dynamic indentation effect.The impact cutting teeth 31 that impacts cutting structure 3 can be arranged within the radially coverage of wheel disc cutting teeth 21 of wheel disc cutting structure 2, also can independently arrange the radially coverage overlaid of wheel disc cutting structure cutting teeth (not with), or part is independent arranges.As preferably, impact cutting teeth 31 and arrange in radially overlapping covering with wheel disc cutting teeth 21, the cutting teeth that impacts cutting structure 3 is arranged within drill bit radius 1/3rd radial extension in addition (as shown in Figure 7).Generally, the broken task amount in drill bit heart section zone is less and be easy to fragmentation, and heart section is relatively large with the broken task amount of exterior domain, the cutting teeth wearing and tearing want fast than heart section, therefore, arrange that with exterior domain impacting cutting teeth is conducive to the fragmentation of corresponding region rock in heart section, and slow down the wearing and tearing of wheel disc cutting teeth, the wearing and tearing of wheel disc cutting teeth are trended towards synchronously or sync fail.Drift 321 on the impact cutting structure 3 is mutually fixed with dowel bar 322 to be a fixing integral body, and dowel bar 322 and anvil body 323 are slidingly connected (mechanism principle figure as shown in figure 13).
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 1, its difference is: be provided with anvil body supporting positive cover 324(between anvil body 323 and the bit body 1 shown in Figure 5), or directly process the surface that forms matched in clearance with bit body 1 endoporus on the anvil body 323, realize relative sliding and righting location (as shown in Figure 6) between anvil body and bit body.
Embodiment 3:
The present embodiment and above-described embodiment are basic identical, its difference is: certain or each impact that dowel bar has two in the cutting unit, the characteristics of motion of two dowel bars is different, has each other relative motion, one of them dowel bar (one) 3221 is fixedly connected with drift 321, another dowel bar (two) 3222 is hinged with anvil body 323, is connected through the hinge (as shown in figure 14) between two dowel bars.When drift 321 from bit central away from and its impact direction and drill axis angle when larger, adopt two dowel bars that are hinged to be easier to realize the transformation of impact direction and the transmission of impact force.
Embodiment 4:
The present embodiment and above-described embodiment are basic identical, and its difference is: the impact cutting teeth 31 that impacts cutting structure 3 is arranged within drill bit radius 1/2nd radial extension in addition (as shown in Figure 8).
Embodiment 5:
The present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 4, and its difference is: the impact cutting teeth 31 that impacts cutting structure 3 is arranged within drill bit radius 2/3rds radial extension in addition (as shown in Figure 9).Generally, the live load (referring to the broken rock amount of on average bearing on the unit cutting teeth length on the gear ring) of (the particularly zone beyond the drill bit radius 2/3rds) cutting teeth is larger more outward on the drill bit radius region, the wearing and tearing of cutting teeth or rate of decay are got over the tooth faster than heart section zone, arrange the impact cutting teeth in this zone, can also reduce its rate of decay when this zone wheel disc cutter breaking rock efficient is improved, thereby prolong the application life of Cutter.
Embodiment 6:
The present embodiment and above-described embodiment are basic identical, and its difference is: the impact cutting teeth 31 that impacts cutting structure 3 is arranged in drill bit radius 1/3rd with (such as Figure 10 and shown in Figure 12) within the interior radial extension.The centre of drill bit has an inner cone zone usually, when in the large stratum of the high fragility of hardness, creeping into, impact cutting teeth near drill bit heart section region division, under the percussion of impacting cutting teeth, be easier to the brittle crush (being volumetric fracture) of heart section rock, be conducive to improve the drill bit drilling efficiency.
Embodiment 7:
The present embodiment and above-described embodiment are basic identical, and its difference is: the impact cutting teeth 31 that impacts cutting structure 3 is arranged in the whole radial extension except bit central and zone such as fraction such as grade, rule footpath (as shown in figure 11).In the bad ground high in intensity, that plasticity is large, all be furnished with the impact cutting teeth in the whole radial extension of drill bit, can in whole radial zone, strengthen the rock breaking capacity of drill bit, improve the efficiency of breaking rock of composite drill bit in this kind bad ground.
Embodiment 8:
The present embodiment and above-described embodiment are basic identical, its difference is: drift 321 is fixedly connected with dowel bar 322, dowel bar 322 and anvil body 323 chain connections, be provided with between dowel bar 322 and the bit body 1 and swing slide block 328, swing slide block 328 hinged with dowel bar 322, swing slide block 328 and bit body 1 be slidingly connected (such as Figure 15 and shown in Figure 16), be to have formed and both allow relative sliding by swinging sliding 328 between dowel bar 322 and the bit body 1, allow again to connect in relative rotation, dowel bar 322 both can slide by relative bit body 1 with drift 321, also can rotate around the center of rotation that swings slide block 328.When the impact direction of drift 321 and drill bit shaft were larger to angle, the introducing that swings slide block 328 can make the transmission of impact force more smooth and easy.
Embodiment 9:
The present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 8, its difference is: as shown in figure 17, swinging slide block 328 is slidingly connected with dowel bar 322, swing slide block 328 hinged with bit body 1, dowel bar 322 both can slide by relative bit body 1 with drift 321, also can rotate around the center of rotation that swings slide block 328.The effect of the present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 8.
Embodiment 10:
In the present embodiment, the impact direction of described impact cutting structure is parallel to the drill axis direction.As shown in figure 18, with this understanding, transmission mechanism 32 need not labyrinth, only needs drive link 322 fixed drifts 321 to get final product.Other technologies scheme those skilled in the art can be under feasible prerequisite independent assortment in the manual technical scheme or other embodiment.
Embodiment 11:
The present embodiment and above-described embodiment are basic identical, and its difference is: composite drill bit comprises beater mechanism 33, and beater mechanism 33 is integral type structure (as shown in figure 20) with bit body.The impact force that beater mechanism 33 produces during drill bit work acts on the anvil body 323 of force transmission mechanism 32 by the block stamp 331 on the beater mechanism 33.Integral structure makes that the composite drill bit internal construction is compacter, reliability is higher.
Embodiment 12:
The present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 11, its difference is: bit body 1 adopts split-type structural, be formed by connecting by the impactor body 51 that is provided with beater mechanism and the cutting structure body 61 that is provided with wheel disc cutting structure 2 and impact cutting structure 3, the hollow part that beater mechanism is installed in impactor body 51 forms impactor parts 5, and wheel disc cutting structure 2, impact cutting structure 3 and cutting structure body 61 consist of cutting structure parts 6(as shown in figure 21).The impact force that impactor parts 5 produce during drill bit work acts on the anvil body 323 of force transmission mechanism by the upper block stamp 52 of beater mechanism.Adopt split-type structural to be conducive to manufacturing and the use of composite drill bit, impactor parts and rock crushing tool parts can be made respectively, enter to fit together before well uses again.
Embodiment 13:
In the present embodiment, for preventing the rotation of drill bit when work dowel bar 322 and drift 321 etc., between drift 321 and the bit body 1 or (and) be provided with anti-rotation structure between dowel bar 322 and the bit body 1.As shown in figure 22, between dowel bar 322 and the bit body 1 spline joint is set, rotates around the dowel bar axle in the course of the work to avoid dowel bar 322 and drift 321 etc.
Embodiment 14:
In the present embodiment, for preventing coming off of dowel bar 322 and drift 321 etc., between drift 321 and the bit body 1 or (and) be provided with anti-drop structure between dowel bar 322 and the bit body 1.As shown in figure 23, be respectively arranged with slip-off preventing step 3223 and 12 at dowel bar 322 and bit body 1, come off from drill bit under the pulling capacity effect in order to avoid dowel bar 322 and drift 321 etc.
Embodiment 15:
In the present embodiment, for prevent that drill bit is lowered in the process or on block stamp is to the hammering of anvil body 323 when carrying drill bit, composite drill bit is provided with the blank-run prevention structure.As shown in figure 24, when drill bit does not contact the shaft bottom, because the effect of gravity and circulation of fluid inside and outside differential pressure, impact anvil body 323, dowel bar 322, the drift 321 in the cutting structure 3 and impact together down sliding one segment distance of cutting teeth 31, impact cutting teeth 31 is protruded from outside the envelope contour face of wheel disc cutting structure cutting teeth 21, and impact cutting structure 3 residing positions this moment is the blank-run prevention position.On this position, the blank-run prevention of beater mechanism design can make the jump bit in the beater mechanism stop hammering to the anvil body, to realize the no-load protection of impact cutting structure.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present utility model; not in order to limit the utility model; all any modifications of within spirit of the present utility model and principle, doing, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., all should be included within the protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (10)
1. one kind has the disc type composite drill bit that impacts cutting structure, comprise bit body (1) and be arranged on wheel disc cutting structure (2) on the bit body (1), it is characterized in that: described bit body (1) also is provided with and impacts cutting structure (3), impacting cutting structure (3) comprises the force transmission mechanism (32) that transmits impact force and impacts cutting teeth (31), impact cutting teeth (31) and be cemented on the terminal drift (321) of force transmission mechanism (32), described drift (321) can be done slip with respect to bit body (1) or slide and impact on the impact force direction of transfer.
2. a kind of disc type composite drill bit that impacts cutting structure that has according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described bit body (1) also is provided with the beater mechanism (33) that produces impact force and transmitted impact force by described force transmission mechanism (32).
3. a kind of disc type composite drill bit that impacts cutting structure that has according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described bit body (1) adopts split-type structural, be formed by connecting by the impactor body (51) that is provided with described beater mechanism and the cutting structure body (61) that is provided with described wheel disc cutting structure (2) and impacts cutting structure (3), beater mechanism is installed in the hollow part of impactor body (51).
4. it is characterized in that: be furnished with described impact cutting teeth (31) in the radial zone beyond the drill bit radius 1/3rd according to claim 1 and 2 or 3 described a kind of disc type composite drill bits that impact cutting structure that have.
5. it is characterized in that: be furnished with described impact cutting teeth (31) in the radial zone beyond the drill bit radius 1/2nd according to claim 1 and 2 or 3 described a kind of disc type composite drill bits that impact cutting structure that have.
6. it is characterized in that: be furnished with described impact cutting teeth (31) in the radial zone beyond the drill bit radius 2/3rds according to claim 1 and 2 or 3 described a kind of disc type composite drill bits that impact cutting structure that have.
7. according to claim 1 and 2 or 3 described a kind of disc type composite drill bits that impact cutting structure that have, it is characterized in that: drill bit radius 1/3rd is to be furnished with described impact cutting teeth (31) in the interior radial zone.
8. according to claim 1 and 2 or 3 described a kind of disc type composite drill bits that impact cutting structure that have, it is characterized in that: described force transmission mechanism (32) comprises the anvil body (323) that connects successively, dowel bar (322) and drift (321), form relative sliding between anvil body (323) and the bit body (1), form relative sliding between dowel bar (322) and the bit body (1), or form and both allowed relative sliding by swinging slide block (328), allow again to connect in relative rotation, described drift (321) is connected to the end of dowel bar (322), or consists of an integral element with dowel bar (322).
9. a kind of disc type composite drill bit that impacts cutting structure that has according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: in same impact cutting unit, the quantity of dowel bar is one or more than one, when the quantity of dowel bar during more than one, each dowel bar is mutually connected in series, wherein has each other between the adjacent dowel bar of relative motion to be connected through the hinge.
10. according to claim 1 and 2 or 3 described a kind of disc type composite drill bits that impact cutting structure that have, it is characterized in that: the impact cutting teeth (31) on the described impact cutting structure (3) is hard-metal insert, or does the hard-metal insert that the surface is strengthened with diamond.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201220225053 CN202659149U (en) | 2012-05-18 | 2012-05-18 | Disc-type composite drill bit with impact cutting structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201220225053 CN202659149U (en) | 2012-05-18 | 2012-05-18 | Disc-type composite drill bit with impact cutting structure |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN202659149U true CN202659149U (en) | 2013-01-09 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN 201220225053 Expired - Fee Related CN202659149U (en) | 2012-05-18 | 2012-05-18 | Disc-type composite drill bit with impact cutting structure |
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| CN (1) | CN202659149U (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102678051A (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2012-09-19 | 西南石油大学 | Disc-type composite drill bit with impact cutting structure |
| WO2013170788A1 (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2013-11-21 | 西南石油大学 | Combination scraping and impacting drill bit |
| CN106368615A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-02-01 | 西南石油大学 | Compound drill bit with steering wheel disc |
| CN107654195A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-02-02 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Composite impact rolls self-adjustable PDC drill bit |
| CN108487863A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-09-04 | 西南石油大学 | Drill bit with torsional pulse function |
| CN115095278A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-09-23 | 江苏名欧精密机械有限公司 | Intelligent drilling equipment for coal mine gas detection |
-
2012
- 2012-05-18 CN CN 201220225053 patent/CN202659149U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102678051A (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2012-09-19 | 西南石油大学 | Disc-type composite drill bit with impact cutting structure |
| WO2013170788A1 (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2013-11-21 | 西南石油大学 | Combination scraping and impacting drill bit |
| CN102678051B (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2017-05-03 | 西南石油大学 | Disc-type composite drill bit with impact cutting structure |
| CN106368615A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-02-01 | 西南石油大学 | Compound drill bit with steering wheel disc |
| CN107654195A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-02-02 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Composite impact rolls self-adjustable PDC drill bit |
| CN107654195B (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2024-01-30 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Composite impact rolling self-adjusting PDC drill bit |
| CN108487863A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-09-04 | 西南石油大学 | Drill bit with torsional pulse function |
| CN115095278A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-09-23 | 江苏名欧精密机械有限公司 | Intelligent drilling equipment for coal mine gas detection |
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Granted publication date: 20130109 Termination date: 20190518 |