CN102668955A - Production method of novel flower environment-friendly medium - Google Patents
Production method of novel flower environment-friendly medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a production method of an environment-friendly medium beneficial to environmental protection. The middle-layer medium of the environment-friendly medium is prepared from the following substances of bark, rotted leaf, broken bricks, honeycomb briquet slag, coconut bran and pinecone (scale) at a volume ratio of (2-4):(1-3):(0.5-2):(0.5-1.5):(0.5-1.5):(0.5-1.5); the lower-layer medium is crushed stone; and the upper layer medium is sphagna. The production method comprises the following steps: adding 0.4-0.6 kg of fermentation strain to per cubic meter of bark, leaf mold, coconut bran and pinecone (scale), adding 2-4.5 kg of urea and water, sufficiently mixing, carrying out stacking fermentation, overturning when the center temperature exceeds 50 DEG C, mixing with the honeycomb briquet slag and brick after fermentation, airing and sunning, crushing, and screening; airing and sunning crushed stone, crushing and screening; removing impurities from sphagna and cleaning; and subpackaging the media according to a ratio. According to the invention, the cost is lowered and the environmental pollution is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the production method of a kind of novel flower environment-friendly substrate in the agriculture field, relate in particular to a kind of production method that is applicable to the environment-friendly substrate of hybrid cymbidium.
Background technology
Soilless culture is a kind of novel, economic culture technique in the modern agriculture, can improve the reproduction rate and the survival rate of seed, and growth is fast and neat, and the quality of seedling is good, is convenient to precision management, helps the factory culture of flowers.
Present many soilless culture substrates use separately as perlite, vermiculite, peat, river sand etc. are normal, and cost is higher, and at aspects such as unit weight, porosity, liquid to steam ratio quality is arranged respectively, is difficult to satisfy separately the demand that plant grows up.Composite interstitial substance has reduced the bad reaction of single-matrix; But cost is higher; Wherein peat etc. is a kind of non-renewable resources, and a large amount of use meetings damage ecotope, therefore select economical and practical organic substrate to replace traditional matrix in flower industry, to seem particularly important.Existing production gone up the barks that use as production matrix more, and cost is very high.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem that prior art exists, the invention provides a kind of production method of novel flower environment-friendly substrate, particularly a kind of production method that is applicable to the matrix of hybrid cymbidium growth.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of production method that is of value to the environmental protection matrix of environmental protection.
The production method of a kind of novel flower environment-friendly substrate of the present invention, said matrix comprises: upper strata matrix, middle level matrix and lower floor's matrix, said middle level matrix is formulated by volume by following substances, proportion is:
Bark: 2 ~ 4
Rotted leaf: 1 ~ 3
Queen closer: 0.5 ~ 2
Honeycomb briquette slag: 0.5 ~ 1.5
Coconut palm chaff: 0.5 ~ 1.5
The pinecone (squama): 0.5 ~ 1.5
Said upper strata matrix is sphagna, with the volume ratio of said middle level matrix be 1:20, be layered on stromal surface during use;
Said lower floor matrix is rubble, with the volume ratio of middle level matrix be 1:5, be layered on the bottom of said middle level matrix;
Production method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, select bark, leaf mould, coconut palm chaff and the pinecone (squama) in the matrix of middle level in required ratio; Add fermented bacterium 0.4～0.6Kg in every cubic metre of said mixture, add urea 2～4.5Kg, add water; Make the mixture water content 50%～75%, fully mix;
Step 2, mixed matrix is stacked fermentation, begin fermentation after, when the center temperature reaches 50～60 ℃; In time carry out turning, when the center temperature surpasses 65 ℃, increase the turning number of times; Turning every day 2～4 times is accomplished fermentation when identical with environmental temperature when temperature is reduced to;
Step 3, the mixed-matrix after will fermenting and carry out airing, pulverize and sieve after honeycomb briquette slag and fragment of brick mix;
Step 4, select the rubble in lower floor's matrix, carry out airing, pulverize and sieve in required ratio;
Step 5, select the sphagna in the matrix of upper strata, carry out removal of impurities and clean in required ratio;
Step 6, matrix is adopted 700 ~ 1000 times first good fortune sulphur or carbendazim to soak 3 ~ 5 hours and filters the solid carbon dioxide branch;
Step 7, upper strata matrix, middle level matrix and lower floor's matrix are carried out packing respectively in proportion.
Preferably, said middle level matrix is formulated by volume by following substances:
Bark: 4
Rotted leaf: 2
Queen closer: 1.5
Honeycomb briquette slag: 0.5
Coconut palm chaff: 1
The pinecone (squama): 1
Preferably, the particle diameter of said middle level stroma ground substance is 0.1 ~ 3cm, and the particle diameter of said lower floor matrix is 0.5～4cm.
Preferably, said middle level matrix pH value is 5～6.
Preferably, before use, adopt 700～1000 times first good fortune sulphur or carbendazim to soak 3～5 hours and filter the solid carbon dioxide branch; After use, be exposed to the sun 2～5 noons, adopt 700～1000 times first good fortune sulphur or carbendazim to soak again 3～5 hours, the filter solid carbon dioxide divides the recyclable continuation in back to use.
Preferably, said environment-friendly substrate is applied to the cultivation of flower plant.
Preferably, said environment-friendly substrate is applied to the cultivation of hybrid cymbidium.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the environment-friendly substrate ample supply and prompt delivery that the production method of foundation a kind of novel flower environment-friendly substrate provided by the invention is produced, the convenience, with low cost of drawing materials, and can repeatedly use, help environmental protection; Multiple matrix species performance complement; Structure has obtained optimization, has also reduced the pollution of agricultural residue, life and building waste to environment itself, has reduced human lives's rubbish injected volume; Be specially adapted to the growth of flowers, be particularly useful for the growth of hybrid cymbidium.
Embodiment:
Describe the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, those skilled in the art can be implemented to specifications according to this.
The invention provides a kind of production method of novel flower environment-friendly substrate, said matrix comprises upper, middle and lower-ranking matrix, and said middle level matrix is formulated by volume by following substances, and proportion is:
Bark: rotted leaf: queen closer: honeycomb briquette slag: coconut palm chaff: the pinecone (squama)=2～4: 1～3: 0.5～2: 0.5～1.5: 0.5～1.5: 0.5～1.5, optimum ratio is a bark: rotted leaf: queen closer: the honeycomb briquette slag: the coconut palm chaff: the pinecone (squama)=4: 2: 1.5: 0.5: 1: 1.
Bark fiber is many and tough, good permeability, and moisture capacity is poor slightly, can be used on the plant cultivation of aerial root property; Leaf mould is to process after ripe with the dry branches and fallen leaves of plant and root-rot, and the soil is porous; The coconut palm chaff has excellent air permeability and moisture capacity, and fiber is many, and its cork matter elasticity is good and tough, and the property of water-bearing is good, and not perishable; Source such as queen closer, honeycomb briquette stove, the pinecone (squama) is wide, and price is low, and the water conservation gas permeability is also relatively good, is fit to very much do cultivation matrix.In the cultivation of hybrid cymbidium, bark and sphagna are best choice, but because its price comparison is high; And the extensive application of sphagna can cause plant to rot root, so on substrate composition, selected more bark (good permeability), the queen closer of moderate (good water-retaining property); Rotted leaf (containing abundant nutrient) and a spot of coconut palm chaff, the pinecone (squama), honeycomb briquette slag etc. are regulated matrix components; Make its physicochemical property reach best, farthest satisfy the plant growing needs, also recycled agricultural residue simultaneously; Life and building waste have been protected environment.The kind of matrix of the present invention and the selection of proportioning have considered that mainly the usage amount that will reduce bark reduces cost; Use has strong water retention property but more extensive and cheap construction waste queen closer, life waste material honeycomb briquette slag, the pinecone (squama) and the coconut palm chaff in source replaces vermiculite and peat etc., has reduced cost in the time of for environment purification.Rotted leaf fermentation form leaf mould be rich in humus, but too much unsuitable, otherwise can burn the root phenomenon, can make unit weight, gas porosity, drainage and the gas permeability of matrix all satisfy the growing requirements of plant.
The upper strata matrix of said novel flower environment-friendly substrate is sphagna, with the ratio bundle sale of said middle level matrix in 1: 20, is layered on stromal surface during use.Sphagna is a kind of natural plant material, and both clean hygiene can reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect again, makes seedling growth healthy and strong, and preventing simultaneously waters spatters soil and be infected with the blade face, and can reduce water evaporates, and heat and moisture preserving is decorateeed pelvic surface of sacrum with sphagna and also can be played the effect of beautifying.The footpath grain scope of stroma ground substance is 0.1～3cm; Can select the footpath grain of stroma ground substance according to the needs of the different vegetative stage of different plants or same plant;, plant can select thinner particle when being in seedling stage for use; Like the footpath grain is the particle of 0.5cm or 0.7cm, and plant can be selected thicker particle for use after growing up to seedlings, is the particle of 2.5cm or 3cm like the footpath grain.The pH value of matrix is adjusted between 5～6.
Lower floor's matrix is rubble, slightly goes up carefully the pad last layer rubble in the bottom of matrix because the matrix of foster orchid is particular about down; Footpath grain scope is 0.5cm～4cm; Preferred 2cm can increase the draining and the gas permeability of matrix, in order to avoid plant is not freely rotted or death by suffocation because of matrix draining or exhaust; The assurance of its amount is also very important, with the ratio of middle level matrix be 1: 5 o'clock best results.
Before use, select bark, leaf mould, coconut palm chaff and the pinecone (squama) in the matrix of middle level, add fermented bacterium 0.4～0.6Kg in every cubic metre of said mixture, add urea 2～4.5Kg in required ratio; Add water, make the mixture water content 55%～70%, mix back stacking fermentation fair the branch; The conventional method fermentation time is very long, and it is not thorough to ferment, and nutrient loss is also relatively more serious; Greatly accelerated fermentation time after adding fermented bacterium and urea, it is also very thorough to ferment, and nutrient loss is few.After beginning fermentation,, in time carry out turning when the center temperature reaches 50～60 ℃; When the center temperature surpasses 65 ℃, increase the turning number of times, turning every day 2～4 times; Accomplish fermentation when identical with environmental temperature when temperature is reduced to, accomplished fermentation in about 6～9 days, fermentation time is unsuitable long; Otherwise nutrient loss is serious, and too short then fermentation not exclusively.Turning is in order to make its fermentation evenly, to increase inner oxygen content, preventing the inner oxygen-free environment that forms.With carry out airing after honeycomb briquette slag and fragment of brick mix, pulverize, sieve and packing, weed seed and pathogen in the above-mentioned matrix after by fermentation all are killed, organic matter degradation becomes thoroughly decomposed; Select the rubble in lower floor's matrix in required ratio, carry out airing, pulverize, sieve and packing, with of the ratio bundle sale of said middle level matrix in 1: 5; Select the sphagna in the matrix of upper strata in required ratio, through removal of impurities, clean, dry with packing after, with of the ratio bundle sale of said middle level matrix in 1: 20.
Environment-friendly substrate adopts 700～1000 times first good fortune sulphur or carbendazim to soak 3～5 hours and filters the solid carbon dioxide branch before use, preferably, adopts 800 times first good fortune sulphur or carbendazim to soak 4 hours, can reach the purpose of the plain sterilization that disappears, and plant strain growth is good.Environment-friendly substrate is exposed to the sun 2～5 noons after use, adopts 700～1000 times first good fortune sulphur or carbendazim to soak again 3～5 hours, and the filter solid carbon dioxide divides the recyclable continuation in back to use, and filter solid carbon dioxide branch is in order to prevent that remaining bactericide from damaging plant.No matter be its production process or use post processing, can not produce environmentally harmful material, can also recycle, accomplished environmental protection truly.
Below the check experiment of each embodiment for using bark and mixed-matrix as cultivation matrix; Mixed-matrix component and volume ratio are peat: perlite: vermiculite=1: 1: 1; Use mixed-matrix, bark and cultivation matrix of the present invention that 30 strain tissue cultivating seedling are handled respectively; Plant back 40 days radicals to tissue cultivating seedling, root is long and root is slightly added up the mean value that the data that provide in following examples are 30 strain hybrid cymbidium radicals, root is long and root is thick.
Embodiment 1
Middle level matrix is formulated by volume by following substances, and proportion is:
Bark: 4
Rotted leaf: 2
Queen closer: 1.5
Honeycomb briquette slag: 0.5
Coconut palm chaff: 1
The pinecone (squama): 1
Lower floor's matrix is rubble, with the volume ratio of middle level matrix be 1: 5, promptly component is 2;
Upper strata matrix is sphagna, with the volume ratio of middle level matrix be 1: 20, promptly component is 0.5;
Production method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, select bark, leaf mould, coconut palm chaff and the pinecone (squama) in the matrix of middle level, add fermented bacterium 0.4Kg in every cubic metre of said mixture, add urea 2Kg, add water, make the mixture water content, fully mix 50% in required ratio;
Step 2, mixed matrix is stacked fermentation, begin fermentation after, when the center temperature reaches 50; In time carry out turning, when the center temperature surpasses 65 ℃, increase the turning number of times; Turning every day 2 times is accomplished fermentation when identical with environmental temperature when temperature is reduced to;
Step 3, the mixed-matrix after will fermenting and carry out airing, pulverize and sieve after honeycomb briquette slag and fragment of brick mix;
Step 4, select the rubble in lower floor's matrix, carry out airing, pulverize and sieve in required ratio;
Step 5, select the sphagna in the matrix of upper strata, carry out removal of impurities and clean in required ratio;
Step 6, matrix is adopted 700 times first good fortune sulphur or carbendazim to soak 3 hours and filters the solid carbon dioxide branch;
Step 7, upper strata matrix, middle level matrix and lower floor's matrix are carried out packing respectively in proportion.
The particle diameter of said middle level stroma ground substance is 0.5cm, and the pH value is 5.5, and the particle diameter of said lower floor matrix is 1cm.
Table 1
| Matrix | Radical (bar) | Root long (cm) | Root thick (cm) | Survival rate |
| Mixed-matrix | 6 | 5.24 | 0.34 | 60％ |
| Bark | 13 | 10.68 | 0.56 | 98％ |
| Matrix of the present invention | 14 | 9.83 | 0.61 | 98％ |
The tissue cultivating seedling of after planting 40 days different substrates being handled is added up; Statistics is as shown in table 1; Bark and matrix treatments effect of the present invention are that all obviously to be superior to volume ratio at radical, root length or root aspect thick be peat: perlite: the mixed-matrix of vermiculite=1: 1: 1, survival rate is also higher.And matrix phase of the present invention is concerning bark matrix; Effect is similar, can when the cultivation hybrid cymbidium, reach more excellent effect equally, but use agricultural residue and building waste as main component; On cost, can practice thrift over halfly, on producing, more should promote the use of.
Embodiment 2
Middle level matrix is formulated by volume by following substances, and proportion is:
Bark: 3
Rotted leaf: 3
Queen closer: 1
Honeycomb briquette slag: 1
Coconut palm chaff: 1
The pinecone (squama): 1
Lower floor's matrix is rubble, with the volume ratio of middle level matrix be 1: 5, promptly component is 2;
Upper strata matrix is sphagna, with the volume ratio of middle level matrix be 1: 20, promptly component is 0.5;
Production method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, select bark, leaf mould, coconut palm chaff and the pinecone (squama) in the matrix of middle level, add fermented bacterium 0.6Kg in every cubic metre of said mixture, add urea 4.5Kg, add water, make the mixture water content, fully mix 75% in required ratio;
Step 2, mixed matrix is stacked fermentation, begin fermentation after, when the center temperature reaches 60 ℃; In time carry out turning, when the center temperature surpasses 65 ℃, increase the turning number of times; Turning every day 4 times is accomplished fermentation when identical with environmental temperature when temperature is reduced to;
Step 3, the mixed-matrix after will fermenting and carry out airing, pulverize and sieve after honeycomb briquette slag and fragment of brick mix;
Step 4, select the rubble in lower floor's matrix, carry out airing, pulverize and sieve in required ratio;
Step 5, select the sphagna in the matrix of upper strata, carry out removal of impurities and clean in required ratio;
Step 6, matrix is adopted 1000 times first good fortune sulphur or carbendazim to soak 5 hours and filters the solid carbon dioxide branch;
Step 7, upper strata matrix, middle level matrix and lower floor's matrix are carried out packing respectively in proportion.
The particle diameter of said middle level stroma ground substance is 2cm, and the pH value is 5, and the particle diameter of said lower floor matrix is 4cm.
Table 2
| Matrix | Radical (bar) | Root long (cm) | Root thick (cm) | Survival rate |
| Mixed-matrix | 8 | 7.82 | 0.43 | 67% |
| Bark | 15 | 11.37 | 0.69 | 93% |
| Matrix of the present invention | 13 | 11.66 | 0.73 | 98% |
The tissue cultivating seedling of after planting 40 days different substrates being handled is added up; Statistics is as shown in table 2; Bark and matrix treatments effect of the present invention are that all obviously to be superior to volume ratio at radical, root length or root aspect thick be peat: perlite: the mixed-matrix of vermiculite=1: 1: 1, survival rate is also higher.And matrix phase of the present invention is concerning bark matrix; Effect is similar, can when the cultivation hybrid cymbidium, reach more excellent effect equally, but use agricultural residue and building waste as main component; On cost, can practice thrift over halfly, on producing, more should promote the use of.
Embodiment 3
Middle level matrix is formulated by volume by following substances, and proportion is:
Bark: 4
Rotted leaf: 3
Queen closer: 1
Honeycomb briquette slag: 0.5
Coconut palm chaff: 1
The pinecone (squama): 1.5
Lower floor's matrix is rubble, with the volume ratio of middle level matrix be 1: 5, promptly component is 2;
Upper strata matrix is sphagna, with the volume ratio of middle level matrix be 1: 20, promptly component is 0.5;
Production method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, select bark, leaf mould, coconut palm chaff and the pinecone (squama) in the matrix of middle level, add fermented bacterium 0.5Kg in every cubic metre of said mixture, add urea 3Kg, add water, make the mixture water content, fully mix 60% in required ratio;
Step 2, mixed matrix is stacked fermentation, begin fermentation after, when the center temperature reaches 55 ℃; In time carry out turning, when the center temperature surpasses 65 ℃, increase the turning number of times; Turning every day 3 times is accomplished fermentation when identical with environmental temperature when temperature is reduced to;
Step 3, the mixed-matrix after will fermenting and carry out airing, pulverize and sieve after honeycomb briquette slag and fragment of brick mix;
Step 4, select the rubble in lower floor's matrix, carry out airing, pulverize and sieve in required ratio;
Step 5, select the sphagna in the matrix of upper strata, carry out removal of impurities and clean in required ratio;
Step 6, matrix is adopted 800 times first good fortune sulphur or carbendazim to soak 4 hours and filters the solid carbon dioxide branch;
Step 7, upper strata matrix, middle level matrix and lower floor's matrix are carried out packing respectively in proportion.
The particle diameter of said middle level stroma ground substance is 2.5cm, and the pH value is 6, and the particle diameter of said lower floor matrix is 3cm.
Table 3
| Matrix | Radical (bar) | Root long (cm) | Root thick (cm) | Survival rate |
| Mixed-matrix | 7 | 6.90 | 0.51 | 60% |
| Bark | 12 | 10.38 | 0.77 | 98% |
| Matrix of the present invention | 12 | 11.07 | 0.82 | 98% |
The tissue cultivating seedling of after planting 40 days different substrates being handled is added up; Statistics is as shown in table 3; Bark and matrix treatments effect of the present invention are that all obviously to be superior to volume ratio at radical, root length or root aspect thick be peat: perlite: the mixed-matrix of vermiculite=1: 1: 1, survival rate is also higher.And matrix phase of the present invention is concerning bark matrix; Effect is similar, can when the cultivation hybrid cymbidium, reach more excellent effect equally, but use agricultural residue and building waste as main component; On cost, can practice thrift over halfly, on producing, more should promote the use of.
Although embodiment of the present invention are open as above; But it is not restricted to listed utilization in specification and the embodiment; It can be applied to various suitable the field of the invention fully, for being familiar with those skilled in the art, can easily realize other modification; Therefore under the universal that does not deviate from claim and equivalency range and limited, the present invention is not limited to specific details.
Claims (6)
1. the production method of a novel flower environment-friendly substrate, said matrix comprises: upper strata matrix, middle level matrix and lower floor's matrix, said middle level matrix is formulated by volume by following substances, proportion is:
Bark: 2～4
Rotted leaf: 1～3
Queen closer: 0.5～2
Honeycomb briquette slag: 0.5～1.5
Coconut palm chaff: 0.5～1.5
The pinecone (squama): 0.5～1.5
Said upper strata matrix is sphagna, with the volume ratio of said middle level matrix be 1: 20, be layered on stromal surface during use;
Said lower floor matrix is rubble, with the volume ratio of middle level matrix be 1: 5, be layered on the bottom of said middle level matrix;
It is characterized in that production method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, select bark, leaf mould, coconut palm chaff and the pinecone (squama) in the matrix of middle level in required ratio; Add fermented bacterium 0.4～0.6Kg in every cubic metre of said mixture, add urea 2～4.5Kg, add water; Make the mixture water content 50%～75%, fully mix;
Step 2, mixed matrix is stacked fermentation, begin fermentation after, when the center temperature reaches 50～60 ℃; In time carry out turning, when the center temperature surpasses 65 ℃, increase the turning number of times; Turning every day 2～4 times is accomplished fermentation when identical with environmental temperature when temperature is reduced to;
Step 3, the mixed-matrix after will fermenting and carry out airing, pulverize and sieve after honeycomb briquette slag and fragment of brick mix;
Step 4, select the rubble in lower floor's matrix, carry out airing, pulverize and sieve in required ratio;
Step 5, select the sphagna in the matrix of upper strata, carry out removal of impurities and clean in required ratio;
Step 6, matrix is adopted 700～1000 people of the same generations' first good fortune sulphur or carbendazim to soak 3～5 hours and filters the solid carbon dioxide branch;
Step 7, upper strata matrix, middle level matrix and lower floor's matrix are carried out packing respectively in proportion.
2. the production method of novel flower environment-friendly substrate as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, said middle level matrix is formulated by volume by following substances:
Bark: 4
Rotted leaf: 2
Queen closer: 1.5
Honeycomb briquette slag: 0.5
Coconut palm chaff: 1
The pinecone (squama): 1.
3. the production method of novel flower environment-friendly substrate as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the particle diameter of said middle level stroma ground substance is 0.1～3cm, and the particle diameter of said lower floor matrix is 0.5～4cm.
4. according to claim 1 or claim 2 the production method of novel flower environment-friendly substrate is characterized in that said middle level matrix pH value is 5～6.
5. the production method of novel flower environment-friendly substrate as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, said environment-friendly substrate is applied to the cultivation of flower plant.
6. the production method of novel flower environment-friendly substrate as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, said environment-friendly substrate is applied to the cultivation of hybrid cymbidium.
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