CN102666476A - 4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐在心血管疾病治疗中的用途 - Google Patents
4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐在心血管疾病治疗中的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000004648 butanoic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 49
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 41
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 35
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- -1 compound 4-[ethyl(dimethyl)ammonio]butanoate Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
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- QCYOIFVBYZNUNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylazaniumyl)propanoate Chemical class CN(C)C(C)C(O)=O QCYOIFVBYZNUNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GGRLKHMFMUXIOG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-acetyloxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C GGRLKHMFMUXIOG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 241000700157 Rattus norvegicus Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010077895 Sarcosine Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I dipotassium trisodium dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate dichloride Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)[O-].[K+].P(=O)(O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[K+].[Cl-].[Na+] LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
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- GSWAOPJLTADLTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidanimine Chemical compound [O-][NH3+] GSWAOPJLTADLTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C229/00—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C229/02—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C229/04—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
- C07C229/06—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton
- C07C229/10—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton the nitrogen atom of the amino group being further bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C229/12—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton the nitrogen atom of the amino group being further bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings to carbon atoms of acyclic carbon skeletons
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/13—Amines
- A61K31/14—Quaternary ammonium compounds, e.g. edrophonium, choline
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
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- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种新型化合物——4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐、其制备方法和在心血管疾病的治疗中的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型化合物——4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐(4-[ethyl(dimethyl)ammonio]butanoate)及其制备方法(式5的化合物)。
本发明还涉及4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐在心血管疾病治疗中的用途。
背景技术
心血管疾病(CVD)为一类心脏和血管的疾病。
在全球的死亡人数中,估计有1.67亿或29.2%是由于各种类型的心血管疾病(CVD)导致的。
心肌梗塞(心脏病发作)是冠状动脉疾病导致的一种严重后果。心肌梗塞(MI)是心肌长期缺血后继发的不可逆转的坏死。心脏病发作或心肌梗塞是一种急症,其中对心脏的供血突然严重减少或切断,从而导致心肌由于缺氧而坏死。每年,多于110万人经历心脏病发作(心肌梗塞),并且对于他们之中的大多数人而言,心脏病发作是他们患上冠状动脉疾病的第一个症状。心脏病发作可能会严重到足以致死的程度,也可能不会造成什么影响。每五个人中有一人会仅有轻微的症状或完全没有症状,心脏病发作可能仅在一段时间之后通过常规的心电图检查被发现。
心脏病发作(心肌梗塞)通常由堵塞心脏动脉的血凝块引起。动脉通常已经由于附在动脉壁上的脂类沉积物而变得狭窄。这些沉积物可以撕裂或打开,从而减少血流并释放出使血小板粘稠并更容易形成凝结块的物质。有时,凝结块会在心脏自身内部形成,然后离开,堵在为心脏给养的动脉中。这些动脉中的一条发生痉挛会导致血流中止。
哺乳动物的机体由γ-丁基甜菜碱合成肉碱,γ-丁基甜菜碱起初被鉴定为一种有毒物质,它会加速呼吸、导致流涎和流泪、瞳孔放大、血管收缩和心舒张期中的心跳停止,见LINNEWEH,W.γ-Butyrobetain,Crotonbetain undCarnitin im tierischen Stoffwechsel.Hoppe-Seylers Zeitschrift für physiolodischeChemie.1929,第181卷,第42-53页。同时,在较近的论文中,其他的作者确认γ-丁基甜菜碱的毒性是极低的(LD50>7000mg/kg,s.c.),见ROTZSCH,W.lber die Toxizitat des Carnitins und einiger verwandter Stoffe.Acta biol.med.germ..1959,第3卷,第28-36页。
在文献中,有关未取代的γ-丁基甜菜碱对心血管的效应数据是混淆的,如HOSEIN,E.A.Pharmacological actions of γ-Butyrobetaine.Nature.1959,第183卷,第328-329页中报道,γ-丁基甜菜碱是一种类似于乙酰胆碱的具有长期作用的物质。但是之后,相同的作者又报道,由于该实验中存在错误,实际上并非是γ-丁基甜菜碱,而是其甲酯具有胆碱能性质。与之前相反的是,γ-丁基甜菜碱被表征为一种药理学惰性物质,见HOSEIN,E.A.Isolation andprobable functions of betaine esters in brain metabolism.Nature.1960,第187卷,第321-322页。
与4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐结构相关的化合物公开如下:
○GB 1238868A 14.07.1971公开了用于聚合物的甜菜碱,如4-三甲基铵基丁酸盐。然而,没有公开这些甜菜碱的药理学性质。
○US 5973026A(XEROX CORP)26.10.1999公开了用于墨水组合物的4-三甲基铵基丁酸盐和3-[二乙基(甲基)铵基]丙酸盐。
○LLOYD ANDREW等人,A comparison of glycine,sarcosine,N,N-dimethylglycine,glycinebetaine and N-modified betaines as liposomecryoprotectants.Journal of pahrmacy and pharmacology.1992,第44卷,
第6期,第507-511页,公开了用作脂质体冷冻保护剂的2-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]乙酸盐。
○DAVID B.,THOMAS等人,Synthesis,Characterization,and AqueousSolution Behavior of Electrolyte-and pH-Responsive Carboxybetaine-Containing Cyclocopolymers.Macromolecules.2003,第36卷,第26期,第9710-9715页,公开了4-[二烯丙基(甲基)铵基]丁酸盐,及其由N,N-二烯丙基-N-甲基铵和4-溴丁酸乙酯开始的合成。使用Amberlite离子交换树脂在第二步中由酯得到游离酸。该产物用作合成聚合物的中间体。
○Prelog V.1930,第2卷,第712-722页公开了由4-二甲基铵基丁酸盐和碘甲烷开始的4-三甲基铵基丁酸盐的合成。
○在JP 2009096766A(KONAN GAKUEN)07.05.2009中公开了4-三甲基铵基丁酸盐及其由三甲基胺和4-溴丁酸乙酯开始的合成。使用Amberlite离子交换树脂在第二步中由酯得到游离酸。
○WO2008/055843A(KALVINSH IVARS;CHERNOBROVIJSALEKSANDRS;VARACHEVA LARISA;PUGOVICHS OSVALDS)15.05.2008,公开了4-三甲基铵基丁酸盐及其由相应的酯并使用KOH溶液的合成方法。
○CA 2508094A(VIVIER CANADA INC)20.11.2006公开了用作促进胶原合成药物的甜菜碱,如4-三甲基铵基丁酸盐。
○US 5965615A(TAIHO PHARMACEUTICAL CO LTD;VALSTSZINATNISKA IESTADE BEZP)12.10.1999,公开了作为治疗心肌代谢紊乱药物的4-三甲基铵基丁酸盐,相同的化合物还公开在US 2007191381A(CONCERT PHARMACEUTICALS INC)16.08.2007中,用于治疗心肌梗塞。
已知3-(2,2,2-三甲基肼)丙酸盐二水合物为一种具有保护心脏的性质的化合物(该物质的国际非专有名称为米屈肼(Meldonium))。3-(2,2,2-三甲基肼)丙酸盐公开在US 4481218(INST ORGANICHESKOGOSINTEZA),06.11.1984以及US 4451485A(INSTITU ORCH SINTEZAAKADEMII)29.05.1984中。
已知3-(2,2,2-三甲基肼)丙酸盐的二水合物广泛用于控制肉碱和γ-丁基甜菜碱的浓度比,从而控制了体内的脂肪酸β-氧化的速度,见DAMBROVA M.,LIEPINSH E.,KALVINSH I.I.Mildronate:cardioprotective action throughcarnitine-lowering effect.Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine,2002,第12卷,第6期,第275-279页。
由于这些性质,米屈肼广泛用于医药领域中,作为抗缺血、应激保护和心脏保护的药物用于治疗各种心血管疾病和其它涉及组织缺血的病变,见KARPOV R.S.,KOSHELSKAYA O.A.,VRUBLEVSKY A.V.,SOKOLOVA.A.,TEPLYAKOV A.T.,SKARDA I.,DZERVE V.,KLINTSARE D.,VITOLSA.,KALNINS U.,KALVINSH I.,MATVEYA L.,URBANE D.Clinical Efficacyand Safety of Mildronate in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease and ChronicHeart Failure.Kardiologiya.2000,第6期,第69-74页。在心血管疾病的治疗中,3-(2,2,2-三甲基肼)丙酸盐的作用机制基于对肉碱生物合成速率的限制和相关的长链脂肪酸通过线粒体膜转运的限制,见SIMKHOVICH B.Z.,SHUTENKO Z.V.,MEIRENA D.V.,KHAGI K.B.,MEZHAPUKE R.J.,MOLODCHINA T.N.,KALVINS I.J.,LUKEVICS E.3-(2,2,2-Trimethylhydrazinium)propionate(THP)-a novel gamma-butyrobetainehydroxylase inhibitor with cardioprotective properties.BiochemicalPharmacology.1988,第37卷,第195-202页;KIRIMOTO T.,ASAKA N.,NAKANO M.,TAJIMA K.,MIYAKE H.,MATSUURA N.Beneficial effects ofMET-88,aγ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase inhibitor in rats with heart failurefollowing myocardial infarction.European Journal of Pharmacology.2000,第395卷,第3期,第217-224页。
发明内容
正如已知的那样,米屈肼二水合物有心脏保护作用;但是没有数据表明γ-丁基甜菜碱本身具有明确的心脏保护作用。在专利EP 0845986B(KALVINSH IVARS,VEVERIS MARIS)02.04.2003中公开了用于治疗心血管疾病的米屈肼二水合物和γ-丁基甜菜碱的药用组合物。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种具有明确的心脏保护作用的化合物。
上述目的通过提供一种新型化合物——4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐(式5的化合物)得以实现,该化合物具有与米屈肼或γ-丁基甜菜碱类似的结构。
令人惊讶的是,4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐具有明确的心脏保护作用,并且在体内的心肌梗塞模型中表现得比米屈肼二水合物更有效,由于这样的性质,4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐可用于医学中。4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐可作为注射液和片剂使用。
以下所述的本发明的目的为一种制备所述式5的化合物的方法。
本发明公开4种方法,可用于制备式5的目标化合物4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐,见以下的示意图。
第一种方法(路径A)包括以下的步骤:
a)向4-(二甲基铵基)丁酸盐中加入溴乙烷以生成N-乙基-4-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵溴化物;
b)用氢氧化钾处理N-乙基-4-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵溴化物以获得期望的化合物4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐。
第二种方法(路径B)包括以下步骤:
a)向4-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵氯化物中加入碳酸钾和溴甲烷以生成N-乙基-4-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵溴化物;
b)使N-乙基-4-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵溴化物通过离子交换树脂柱以获得4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐。
第三种方法(路径C)包括以下步骤:
a)向4-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代基-1-丁铵氯化物中加入碳酸钾和二氯甲烷以生成4-(二甲基氨基)丁酸甲酯;
b)在二氯甲烷中搅拌4-(二甲基氨基)丁酸甲酯与溴乙烷以获得N-乙基-4-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵溴化物;
c)用氢氧化钾处理N-乙基-4-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵溴化物以获得期望的化合物4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐。
第四种方法(路径D)包括以下步骤:
a)向在二氯甲烷中的4-溴丁酸乙酯中加入N,N-二甲基乙基胺,以获得4-乙氧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵溴化物;
b)使4-乙氧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵溴化物通过离子交换树脂柱以获得4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐。
具体实施方式
将通过参考以下的非限制性的实施例对本发明进行更为详细的说明。
4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐(5)的合成
4-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵氯化物(3)的制备
向3-羧基-N,N-二甲基-1-丙基铵氯化物(2)(45.93g,0.27mol)的(-10)-0℃的无水甲醇溶液(300ml)中缓慢加入亚硫酰氯(55ml,0.76mol),将得到的反应混合物在室温下搅拌一小时。之后,将反应混合物在40-50℃下搅拌3小时并蒸发。将残留物溶于丙酮(110ml)中,并通过加入乙醚(400ml)使其沉淀。滤出固体,用乙醚洗涤,再一次溶于丙酮(110ml),然后用乙醚(400ml)使其沉淀。滤出沉淀物,用乙醚洗涤并干燥,得到38.4g(77%)的4-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵氯化物。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,HMDSO)δ:1.91(qui,J=7.7Hz,2H);2.43(t,J=7.74Hz,2H);2.71(d,J=4.9Hz,6H);2.98-3.06(m,2H),3.61(s,3H);10.76(bs,1H)。
路径A
4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐(5)的制备
使4-(二甲基铵基)丁酸盐(4)(7.87g,0.06mol)和溴乙烷(13.08g,0.12mol)在无水丙酮(20ml)中的混合物回流,直到起始物质4-(二甲基铵基)丁酸盐消失(TLC对照,甲醇-氢氧化铵水溶液,3∶1)。用异丙醇(100ml)补充反应混合物,并将溶液蒸发至干。在0℃下将KOH(7.28g,0.13mol)的96%乙醇(70ml)溶液添加到残留物中,并将反应混合物搅拌4小时。滤出沉淀,用2N HCl的甲醇溶液处理滤出液,直到介质的pH达到7-8。将反应混合物在-18℃下保持12小时,然后过滤。将滤出液蒸发至干,将残留物用异丙醇(3×100ml)进行共沸干燥。将得到的油状固体(13.4g)溶于异丙醇(100ml)并在-18℃下保持12小时。滤出沉淀,将滤出液蒸发至干并在-18℃下从丙酮(30ml)中结晶,得到4.14g(43%)的4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,HMDSO)δ:1.24(t,J=7.3Hz,3H);1.68-1.78(m,2H);1.87(t,J=6.5Hz,2H);2.96(s,6H);3.16-3.23(m,2H),3.29(q,J=7.3Hz,2H)。LC ESI-MS(m/z):160[M+H]+。
C8H17NO2·1.3H2O的分析计算值:C 52.61,H 10.82,N 7.67。
测试值:C 52.64,H 11.00,N 7.58。
路径B
N-乙基-4-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵溴化物(6a)的制备
将4-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵氯化物(3)(7.27g,0.04mol)、无水K2CO3(5.52g,0.04mol)和溴乙烷(4.48ml,0.06mol)在丙酮(40ml)中的混合物在室温下剧烈搅拌2天。滤出沉淀,用丙酮洗涤,悬浮在异丙醇(100ml)中,并在室温下剧烈搅拌2小时。过滤该混合物,将滤出液蒸发至干,并与异丙醇共沸干燥几次。通过加入乙酸乙酯(35ml)使残留物从丙酮(10ml)中结晶,并在真空中用P2O5干燥,得到6.51g(64%)的N-乙基-4-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵溴化物。
1H NMR(CDCl3,HMDSO)δ:1.44(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);2.01-2.12(m,2H);2.55(t,J=6.6Hz,2H);3.40(s,6H);3.66-3.73(m,4H),3.69(s,3H)。
LC ESI-MS(m/z):174[M+H]+。
C9H20BrNO2·0.09H2O的分析计算值:C 42.26,H 7.92,N 5.48。
测试值:C 42.26,H 8.28,N 5.35。
4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐(5)的制备
使N-乙基-4-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵溴化物(6a)(6.51g,0.025mol)的乙醇(20ml)溶液通过IRA-410(OH)离子交换树脂柱(190ml),用乙醇(100ml)缓慢洗脱。将洗脱液蒸发至干,残留物用异丙醇共沸干燥几次,然后溶于异丙醇(50ml)中,并在0℃下保持12小时。过滤混合物并将滤出液蒸发。将残留物(7.35g)与冷的乙酸乙酯混合,并在0℃下保持12小时。将得到的混合物过滤,将沉淀在真空中用P2O5干燥,得到3.54g(86%)的4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐。通过使4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐的水溶液通过50WX8离子交换树脂来提高物质的纯度。将得到的溶液蒸发至干,残留物与异丙醇共沸干燥,然后在真空中用P2O5干燥,得到1.27g(31%)的4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐。
路径C
4-(二甲基氨基)丁酸甲酯(7)的制备
将4-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵氯化物(3)(5.44g,0.03mol)和无水K2CO3(5.52g,0.04mol)在二氯甲烷(70ml)中的悬浮液在室温下剧烈搅拌24小时。滤出沉淀物,用二氯甲烷洗涤,并蒸发滤出液。将残留物在32-35℃/3-4mmHg的条件下蒸馏,得到2.88g(66%)的4-(二甲基氨基)丁酸盐。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,HMDSO)δ:1.64(qui,J=7.2Hz,2H);2.09(s,6H);2.17(t,J=7.1Hz,2H);2.30(t,J=7.4Hz,2H);3.57(s,3H)。
N-乙基-4-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵溴化物(6a)的制备
在室温下搅拌4-(二甲基氨基)丁酸甲酯(7)(1.45g,10mmol)和溴乙烷(1.2ml,16mmol)在二氯甲烷(15ml)中的混合物。将反应混合物蒸发至干,用丙酮将白色固体(2.438g)研碎,过滤并用P2O5在真空中干燥,得到2.397g(94%)的N-乙基-4-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵溴化物。
路径D
4-乙氧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵溴化物(6b)的制备
向在冰浴温度下的4-溴丁酸乙酯(8)(19.5g,0.1mol)的二氯甲烷溶液中加入N,N-二甲基乙基胺(10.8ml,0.1mol),并在室温下搅拌过夜。将反应混合物蒸发至干,残留物用丙酮(50ml)研碎并在0℃下保持0.5小时。滤出沉淀并在真空中用P2O5干燥,得到22.274g(94%)的4-乙氧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵溴化物。
1H NMR(CDCl3,HMDSO)δ:1.26(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);1.44(t,J=7.4Hz,3H);2.00-2.11(m,2H);2.52(t,J=6.6Hz,2H);3.40(s,6H);3.64-3.73(m,2H),3.69(q,J=7.4Hz,2H);4.14(q,J=7.2Hz,2H)。
4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐(5)的制备
使4-乙氧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵溴化物(6b)(12.00g,44.7mmol)的水(10ml)溶液通过IRA-410(OH)离子交换树脂柱(250ml),用乙醇(TLC对照)缓慢洗脱(ca.10滴/分钟)。蒸发洗脱液,将残留物(12g)溶于水(50ml)。向该溶液中加入50WX8离子交换树脂(5g),并在室温下搅拌0.5小时。将反应混合物通过硅藻土柱(1cm)过滤,将洗脱液蒸发至干。残留物与异丙醇、乙腈和丙酮共沸干燥。得到的固体用丙酮(10ml)研碎,并将混合物在0℃下保持2小时。过滤沉淀并在真空中用P2O5干燥,得到4.65g(65%)的4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,HMDSO)δ:1.24(t,J=7.3Hz,3H);1.66-1.76(m,2H);1.81(t,J=6.4Hz,2H);2.95(s,6H);3.16-3.23(m,2H),3.29(q,J=7.3Hz,2H)。LC ESI-MS(m/z):160[M+H]+。
C8H17NO2·1.55H2O的分析计算值:C 51.34,H 10.82,N 7.48。
测试值:C 51.36,H 11.40,N 7.34。
心脏保护活性
在标准条件下(21-23℃,12小时明-暗循环),用不限量的食物(R3食谱,水解蛋白(Lactamin)AB,瑞典)和水饲养50只10周龄、体重200-250g的雄性Wistar大鼠。
在开始处理之前,用两周的时间使大鼠适应当地的条件。在8周的时间每天口服给药米屈肼二水合物(剂量为5mg/kg或100mg/kg)、γ-丁基甜菜碱(剂量为5mg/kg)以及EG(剂量为20mg/kg)。对照大鼠接受水。
离体的大鼠心肌梗塞实验
离体的大鼠心脏实验主要按照之前所述的方式(Liepinsh等人,J.Cardiovasc.Pharmacol.2006;48(6):314-9)进行。在最后一次给药之后24小时时,切出心脏并用37℃的氧合Krebs-Henseleit缓冲液在恒压下通过主动脉逆行灌注心脏。连续记录心率、左心室舒张末期压和左心室形成压。使用来自ADInstruments的超声流探测器(HSE)和Powerlab 8/30系统检测冠脉流。心脏灌注20分钟以稳定血液动力学功能,然后通过收紧穿过塑料管的结扎线(thread)闭塞60分钟。成功地完成闭塞可通过冠脉流减少约40%来确认。通过放松结扎线来实现再次灌注。在150分钟的再灌注期结束时,用0.1%的亚甲蓝标出风险区。然后,从上到下剖开心脏,切出2mm厚的5片,并在1%的氯三苯四唑的磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 7.4,37℃)中培养温育分钟,以使活组织被染红,坏死组织呈白色。使用Image-pro Plus 6.3软件进行SonyA900照片的计算机平面(planemetric)分析,以确定风险区和坏死区的面积,以左心室面积的百分数表示。然后按照下式,将得到的值用于计算梗塞面积(IS),以风险区面积的百分数计:
梗塞面积=坏死区面积/风险区面积×100%
在离体的大鼠心肌梗塞模型中的作用
受测物质的抗梗塞效果在离体的大鼠心肌梗塞模型中进行研究。在左冠状动脉闭塞的过程中,所有实验组中的冠脉流减少了40%(从11ml/分钟降至7ml/分钟)。另外还观察到左心室形成压下降了50%。在闭塞过程中,心率没有明显变化。在再次灌注阶段,冠脉流、左心室形成压、±dp/dt值回复到对照水平的约80%。在对照组和处理组之间没有明显的差别。
在离体的大鼠心肌梗塞实验中,米屈肼二水合物(5mg/kg或100mg/kg)、γ-丁基甜菜碱(5mg/kg)以及4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐(EG)(5mg/kg)在处理两周后对梗塞面积的影响示于表1中。
表1:米屈肼、γ-丁基甜菜碱和EG对梗塞面积的效果
梗塞面积,对照组的% | |
对照组 | 100.0±5 |
米屈肼二水合物5mg/kg | 95±9 |
米屈肼二水合物100mg/kg | 76±10* |
γ-丁基甜菜碱5mg/kg | 90±5 |
EG 5mg/kg | 59±6* |
每个值均表示9-10只动物的平均值±标准误差。
*与对照组存在显著差异(t检验,P<0.05)
如表1所示,以5mg/kg的剂量进行的米屈肼二水合物的处理使梗塞面积减少了5%,仅100mg/kg的米屈肼二水合物观察到了治疗活性,其梗塞面积减少了24%。剂量为5mg/kg的γ-丁基甜菜碱没有治疗效果。剂量为5mg/kg的4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐观察到了最佳的治疗效果,使梗塞面积减小了41%。
Claims (10)
2.一种制备4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐的方法,其包括:
a)向4-(二甲基铵基)丁酸盐的丙酮溶液中加入溴乙烷以生成N-乙基-4-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵溴化物;
b)用氢氧化钾的乙醇溶液处理N-乙基-4-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵溴化物以获得期望的化合物4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐。
3.一种制备4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐的方法,其包括:
a)向4-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵氯化物的丙酮溶液中加入碳酸钾和溴甲烷以生成N-乙基-4-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵溴化物;
b)在乙醇的存在下使N-乙基-4-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵溴化物通过离子交换树脂柱以获得4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐。
4.一种制备4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐的方法,其包括:
a)向4-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵氯化物中加入碳酸钾和二氯甲烷以生成4-(二甲基氨基)丁酸甲酯;
b)在二氯甲烷中搅拌4-(二甲基氨基)丁酸甲酯与溴乙烷以获得N-乙基-4-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵溴化物;
c)用氢氧化钾的乙醇溶液处理N-乙基-4-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵溴化物以获得期望的化合物4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐。
5.一种制备4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐的方法,其包括:
a)向在二氯甲烷中的4-溴丁酸乙酯中加入N,N-二甲基乙基胺,以获得4-乙氧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵溴化物;
b)使溶于水中的4-乙氧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵溴化物通过离子交换树脂柱以获得4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐。
6.4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐,其用作药物。
7.4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐,其用于治疗心血管疾病。
8.4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐用于制备治疗心血管疾病的药物的用途。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用途,其中4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐用于制备治疗缺血性心脏病的药物。
10.根据权利要求9所述的用途,其中所述缺血性心脏病为心肌梗塞。
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CN107879944A (zh) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-04-06 | 杭州海尔希畜牧科技有限公司 | 一种制备丁基甜菜碱的方法 |
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