CN102607516B - Method for measuring standard elevation in nuclear power engineering - Google Patents
Method for measuring standard elevation in nuclear power engineering Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of nuclear power engineering, aiming to solve the technical prejudices of the prior art that when the standard elevation in the nuclear power engineering is measured, the measuring work load is great, great manpower and material resources are wasted, the measurement precision is low and a triangular elevation measurement method cannot be applied to the nuclear power engineering. The method for measuring the standard elevation in the nuclear power engineering, disclosed by the invention, comprises the steps that: at least one reference standard is selected in a measurement field and a measurement point is set so that a total station located at the measurement point can observe a standard to be detected and the reference standard; the total station is placed on the measurement point and the measurement point is opened to calibrate; a measurement accessory is placed on a target to be detected; the target to be detected is the reference standard and the standard to be detected; measured data is measured and processed to obtain the elevation of the reference standard relative to the standard to be detected; and the measured data is identified. The method for measuring the standard elevation has the advantages of simplicity in operation, less work load, lower cost and high precision, and overcomes the technical prejudice that the short-edge triangular elevation measurement precision is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to nuclear power engineering field, particularly relate to the method for the elevation of measuring basis in nuclear power engineering, this benchmark be used for nuclear power generating equipment installation or to the measurement of nuclear power generating equipment or other various measurements.
Background technology
In nuclear power engineering, require higher to the installation accuracy of nuclear power generating equipment, the precision of the Installation Elevation of the main equipment in such as nuclear island will reach 1mm (millimeter).Therefore, before carrying out nuclear power installation, first must measure nuclear power generating equipment and the datum mark of location survey or the elevation of datum line are installed, and the measuring accuracy of the elevation of this reference point or datum line will reach the precision of the second-order levelling specified in Code for engineering surveying, then could with this reference point or datum line for benchmark carries out the installation location survey of nuclear power generating equipment, otherwise, installation accuracy will be caused to require there is setup error because not reaching installation accuracy in higher nuclear power generating equipment, particularly can to the installation of one-step installation equipment in place causing irremediable loss.In addition, if the measuring accuracy of reference point or datum line is too low, also can causes the less demanding utility appliance of installation accuracy, subsidiary conduit, electrically, ventilate and the installation material n-th-trem relation n dislocation such as structure, mutually dock difficulty.
At present, those skilled in the art adopts leveling measuring method to measure the elevation of reference point in nuclear power engineering or datum line usually.Concrete operations are as follows: before measurements, first reconnoitre measure field, with find out in measure field can smooth and easy vertical hanging steel disk chi hitch point and lay the position of two spirit-leveling instruments.If be not applicable in measure field the hitch point hanging steel disk chi, then also to set up framing scaffold for hanging steel disk chi in measure field, and to ensure that this framing scaffold firmly and do not have and at all rock, to hang upside down on framing scaffold to enable steel disk chi and link iron wire can not loosen, guarantee the accuracy of measurement result.Then, as shown in Figure 1, be suspended on one end of steel disk chi 01 on the hitch point on framing scaffold 02, the other end carrys additionally tension counterweight 03 with by stretching for steel disk chi 01; A spirit-leveling instrument 04 is placed on ground, another spirit-leveling instrument 04 is placed on the surface level 05 at reference point place to be measured, and these two spirit-leveling instruments 04 are calibrated.Steel disk chi 1 is observed with these two spirit-leveling instruments 05 respectively by two survey crews more simultaneously, and first time observed result is denoted as goes to observation, then the position of two spirit-leveling instruments 04 carried out exchanging and again steel disk chi 01 observed after exchange simultaneously, and observed result is denoted as returns observation, and when being less than 1mm toward, the measuring error returned in measuring process, terminate to measure.Measure while carrying out spirit-leveling instrument observation and record the temperature at steel disk chi two ends, asking its mean value.And the height of spirit-leveling instrument 04 is measured by levelling pole 06.Then observed result is calculated, to draw the dispersed elevation error of round twice observation, and compensating computation is carried out to measurement result, to be recorded and every limit difference check errorless after carry out data adjustment, finally by chi rectangular formula slipstick long correct and temperature correction to draw final reference point or the height value of datum line.
There are the following problems for this measuring method: the first, and workload is large, and need many group staff to cooperate just to complete measurement, the manpower and materials of at substantial; The second, the accuracy of measurement result is comparatively large by the impact of environment, and unstable, such as in observation process, steel disk chi is very easily affected by environment and rock or be shifted, and then causes the accuracy of measurement result low; 3rd, when different survey crews is observed spirit-leveling instrument, the collimation error is different, causes the error of measurement result larger; 4th, because precise leveling is relatively stricter apart from the requirement of difference to front-and rear-view, so must perform in strict accordance with Code for engineering surveying, very flexible.
In addition, in engineering survey field, the also normal elevation adopting Trigonometric Leveling to measure the remote point of measuring distance more than several kilometers.Concrete operation method is as follows: be erected at by total powerstation directly over known point, the height of known point to the measuring center point of total powerstation is got with steel disk dipstick metering, then centering rod is placed on tested point, with this total powerstation, it is measured again, record the horizontal range between the center of the prism of this centering rod and the measuring center point of total powerstation and vertical angle angle value.And then calculate the elevation of tested point relative to known point according to the computing formula of trigonometric levelling.
Although this method operation is comparatively simple, the error due to centering rod itself is 5mm, and known point reaches 2mm to the error of the height of the measuring center point of total powerstation, and measuring accuracy is lower, causes the accuracy of the elevation of the tested point drawn as calculated lower.In addition, due to total powerstation be adopt to its towards the light that tested point sends arrive this tested point and the measurement turning back to the total powerstation time used to calculate the distance between total powerstation and tested point, those skilled in the art generally believes that Trigonometric Leveling just can reach the precision of the second-order levelling specified in Code for engineering surveying when being only applied to the telemeasurement of measuring distance at least more than thousands of rice, and when measuring distance only have hundreds of rice even tens meters time, the time period that light beam is propagated between total powerstation and tested point is too short, total powerstation cannot measure the time that beam propagation uses, and then distance accurately cannot to be calculated between total powerstation and tested point, therefore be not suitable for carrying out short distance measurement.Again because Nuclear Power Plant Project region is less, mostly within one square kilometre of scope, wherein, the maximal side in installation work region is no more than 300m (rice), the inner maximum length of side of nuclear island is no more than 40m, and the elevation that Trigonometric Leveling therefore can not be adopted the nuclear power generating equipment in nuclear power engineering to be installed to the benchmark of location survey is measured.
Summary of the invention
When adopting prior art to measure the elevation of the benchmark in nuclear power engineering for solving, surveying work amount is large, labor intensive material resources are large, low and the Trigonometric Leveling by Total Station measuring method of measuring accuracy can not be applied in the technology prejudice in nuclear power engineering, the present invention proposes a kind of method of elevation of the benchmark measured in nuclear power engineering, and the method comprises the steps:
The first step, at least one basis of reference selected in measurement place, and set survey station point, and enable the total powerstation be positioned on this survey station point observe benchmark to be measured and described basis of reference;
Second step, is placed in total powerstation on described survey station point, opens described total powerstation and calibrate;
3rd step, is placed in measurement accessory in target to be measured, and described target to be measured is described basis of reference and benchmark to be measured:
When described target to be measured is, described measurement accessory is centering hammer, is stood up respectively on described basis of reference and benchmark to be measured by described centering hammer, and total powerstation described in the prism alignment that described centering is hammered into shape, and horizontal bubble is in middle position;
When target to be measured is line, described measurement accessory is reflector plate, is attached to respectively by reflector plate described in two panels in the plane at reference curve and datum line place to be measured, and the horizontal line on described reflector plate is overlapped with datum line;
4th step, measure and carry out computing to measuring the data obtained, drawing the elevation of described benchmark to be measured relative to described basis of reference:
When described target to be measured is point, first measure the height of instrument of described total powerstation and the height of eye journey of described centering hammer respectively, respectively the centering hammer be positioned on described basis of reference and benchmark to be measured is measured with described total powerstation again, and respectively record measure the measuring center point of described total powerstation that obtains and the centering on described basis of reference hammer into shape between horizontal range value and the measuring center point of vertical angle angle value and described total powerstation and the centering on described benchmark to be measured hammer into shape between horizontal range value and vertical angle angle value, computing is carried out to measuring the data obtained again with described total powerstation, draw the elevation of described benchmark to be measured relative to described basis of reference,
When described target to be measured is line, the measurement sight line of described total powerstation is first made to aim at horizontal line on described reflector plate, measure again, and horizontal range value between the measuring center point recording described reference curve and described total powerstation respectively and the horizontal range value between the measuring center point of vertical angle angle value and described datum line to be measured and described total powerstation and vertical angle angle value, carrying out computing with described total powerstation to measuring the data obtained again, drawing the elevation of described benchmark to be measured relative to described basis of reference;
5th step, confirmatory measurement data:
First respectively the measurement accessory be positioned on described benchmark to be measured and basis of reference is measured with described total powerstation, and the measurement accessory on described benchmark to be measured that obtains and the horizontal range value between the measuring center point of described total powerstation and the horizontal range value between the measuring center point of vertical angle angle value and the measurement accessory on described basis of reference and described total powerstation and vertical angle angle value measured in record respectively;
Then the data that the measurement of measuring in the data that obtain and the 4th step obtains are compared, if the error of the error of the horizontal range described in these two groups of data between the measuring center point of total powerstation and the measurement accessory on described benchmark to be measured and the horizontal range between the measuring center point of described total powerstation and the measurement accessory on described basis of reference is all less than 1 millimeter, then measurement result is qualified, otherwise re-starts measurement.
The method of this measuring basis elevation, simple to operate, workload is less, measurement cost is low, and measuring accuracy is high, overcome the technology prejudice that minor face trigonometric levelling precision is low, trigonometric levelling is applied in nuclear power engineering, save the cost of the elevation measuring nuclear power generating equipment installation or measuring benchmark.
Preferably, the angle measurement accuracy of described total powerstation is higher than 0.5 ", measuring distance precision is higher than 1+1ppm.Adopt such total powerstation, can ensure that measuring accuracy can reach the measuring accuracy of the second-order levelling specified in Code for engineering surveying.
Preferably, in the first step of the method, the total powerstation on described survey station point and the vertical angle between described basis of reference and described benchmark to be measured are α, and α ∈ [-25 °, 0 °] or [0 °, 25 °].Like this, the error of the elevation recorded can be reduced by the observational error reducing vertical angle, improve measuring accuracy.Due in trigonometric levelling, when current, backsight is less than 200 meters apart from difference, the vertical error caused by sighting distance difference can be ignored, therefore can be further, in the first step of the method, the measuring center point of the total powerstation on described survey station point and the sighting distance difference between described basis of reference and described benchmark to be measured are less than 200 meters.
Preferably, in the 3rd step of the method, use same centering to hammer into shape and coordinate described total powerstation to measure described basis of reference and described benchmark to be measured respectively.
Preferably, in the 4th step of the method, respectively at least twice measurement is carried out to described basis of reference and described benchmark to be measured.Further, in the 4th step of the method, when described benchmark to be measured is for point, when measuring, the prism facets of the prism that described centering is hammered into shape is vertical with the measurement sight line of described total powerstation.Like this, measuring accuracy can be improved further.
Preferably, when measuring the height of eye journey of described centering hammer, first described centering hammer is vertically fixed, and horizontal bubble is placed in the middle; The horizontal line of sight of a spirit-leveling instrument is aimed at the minimum point of described centering hammer, the horizontal line of sight of another spirit-leveling instrument aims at the center of the prism of described centering hammer, and vertical with the prism facets of described prism again; Then be placed between two described spirit-leveling instruments by indium steel ruler, and make the horizontal bubble of indium steel ruler placed in the middle, and obtain two readings on described indium steel ruler, the absolute difference calculating these two readings draws the height of eye journey that described centering is hammered into shape.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram adopting leveling measuring method to measure the elevation of benchmark to be measured in prior art;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram adopting Trigonometric Leveling to measure the elevation of benchmark to be measured in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of reflector plate used in the present invention.
Embodiment
For meeting the requirement to reference measurement precision in nuclear power engineering, the angle measurement accuracy of the total powerstation used in the present invention is higher than 0.5 "; measuring distance precision is higher than 1+1ppm (ppm refers to micrometre, be 1mm for 1km (km) the i.e. unit of error of 1000000mm distance).
When adopting the inventive method to measure the benchmark to be measured in nuclear power engineering, comprise the steps:
The first step, setting survey station point:
First measuring the point of a selected known elevation arbitrarily in place or line as the basis of reference of elevation measuring benchmark to be measured.Basis of reference mentioned here can be the line measured ground any point in place or be positioned on vertical plane, also can be the benchmark that upper level measurement that this is measured obtains.Preferably, when benchmark to be measured is a point, the basis of reference selected also be a point; When benchmark to be measured is a line, the basis of reference selected also be a line.Preferably, when measuring the benchmark also having other known elevations in place, two or more basis of reference can be chosen to measure the elevation of benchmark to be measured, to improve the absolute accuracy of measurement.In measurement place, choose a survey station point again, and basis of reference and benchmark to be measured can be observed when being placed in by total powerstation on this survey station point.When setting survey station point, the point that the vertical angle between total powerstation and basis of reference and the vertical angle α between total powerstation and benchmark to be measured preferably can be made all to be no more than 25 ° is survey station point, namely when vertical angle is the angle of depression, its span is-25 °≤α≤0 °, when vertical angle is the elevation angle, its span is 0 °≤α≤25 °, to reduce the impact of observational error on vertical accuracy of vertical angle.Preferably, when total powerstation is positioned on survey station point, the measuring center point of total powerstation and the sighting distance difference between basis of reference and benchmark to be measured are less than 200m, to reduce the vertical error caused apart from difference by front-and rear-view.
Second step, is placed in survey station point by total powerstation, then opened by this total powerstation and calibrate it.
3rd step, will measure accessory (centering hammer or reflector plate) and be placed in target to be measured, namely on basis of reference and benchmark to be measured.
When target to be measured is a point, as shown in Figure 2, two micro lever 1 (the centering hammer that those skilled in the art often say) are stood up respectively on basis of reference point 2 (this point is called backsight point by those skilled in the art usually) and reference point to be measured 3 (this point is called front viewpoint by those skilled in the art usually), and making centering hammer the prism alignment total powerstation 4 of 1 into shape, horizontal bubble is in middle position.Preferably, use same centering to hammer into shape and coordinate total powerstation to measure basis of reference point and reference point to be measured respectively.Like this, only need measure the height of eye journey of a centering hammer, reduce measuring error and decrease the workload of measurement.
When target to be measured is a line, two panels reflector plate 5 is as shown in Figure 3 attached in the plane at reference curve and datum line place to be measured respectively, and the horizontal line 6 on reflector plate 5 is overlapped with datum line.When concrete operations, both can be staff's hand or utilize other instruments reflector plate to be pressed on datum line place plane on the horizontal line on reflector plate is overlapped with datum line, also can be reflector plate is pasted onto datum line place plane on the horizontal line on reflector plate is overlapped with datum line.
4th step, measures and processes the data measured and obtain, drawing the elevation of benchmark to be measured relative to basis of reference.
When benchmark to be measured is reference point, first measure the height of eye journey of centering hammer and the height of instrument of total powerstation respectively, re-use this total powerstation to measure the centering hammer be positioned on basis of reference and benchmark to be measured respectively, and record measures horizontal range value and the vertical angle angle value between the hammer of the centering at basis of reference that obtains with the measuring center point of this total powerstation and the centering on benchmark to be measured is hammered into shape and horizontal range value between the measuring center point of this total powerstation and vertical angle angle value respectively; When benchmark to be measured is datum line, first make the horizontal line on the measurement sight line aligning reflector plate of total powerstation, measure again, and horizontal range value between the horizontal range value recorded respectively between reference curve and the measuring center point of total powerstation and the measuring center point of vertical angle angle value and datum line to be measured and total powerstation and vertical angle angle value.And then process measuring the data obtained with total powerstation, calculate the elevation of benchmark to be measured relative to basis of reference.Preferably, when measuring, the prism of adjustment centering hammer, makes its prism facets vertical with the measurement sight line of total powerstation, to reduce measuring error, and then improves accuracy of measurement.Preferably, basis of reference and benchmark to be measured are carried out respectively to the measurement of more than twice or twice, choose and record the measurement data of measuring error within 1mm measuring the horizontal range obtained.
When measuring the height of eye journey of centering hammer, can preferably card collimation method be utilized to measure the height of centering hammer with two spirit-leveling instruments.Namely first vertically fixed by centering hammer, and make its horizontal bubble be in middle position, centering hammer is in vertical shape; The horizontal line of sight of a spirit-leveling instrument is aimed at the minimum point of this centering hammer, the horizontal line of sight of another spirit-leveling instrument aims at the center of the prism of this centering hammer, and vertical with prism facets again; Then indium steel ruler is placed between two spirit-leveling instruments, and makes the horizontal bubble of indium steel ruler placed in the middle, and see to indium steel ruler along the horizontal line of sight of spirit-leveling instrument, draw two readings on indium steel ruler, calculate the absolute difference of two readings, namely obtain the height of eye journey of centering hammer.
When measuring the height of total powerstation, first with total powerstation, basis of reference is measured, horizontal range value between the measuring center point obtaining this basis of reference and total powerstation and vertical angle angle value, obtain data by total powerstation to measurement again to process, draw the difference of elevation between the horizontal line of sight of total powerstation and basis of reference, i.e. the height of instrument of this total powerstation.
5th step, confirmatory measurement data.
First with total powerstation, the centering hammer be positioned on benchmark to be measured or reflector plate are measured, and the measuring center point that obtains this total powerstation measured in record and centering is hammered into shape or horizontal range value between reflector plate and vertical angle angle value.Re-use this total powerstation to measure the centering hammer be positioned on basis of reference or reflector plate, and the measuring center point that obtains this total powerstation measured in record and centering is hammered into shape or horizontal range value between reflector plate and vertical angle angle value.Certainly, also first can measure the centering hammer be positioned on basis of reference or reflector plate, then the centering hammer be positioned on benchmark to be measured or reflector plate are measured.The measuring sequence of the backward each other of the measuring sequence in preferred employing and the 4th step is measured.
Then measure the data obtained in the data that obtain and the 4th step compare measuring, if the measuring center point of total powerstation in these two groups of data and the centering on benchmark to be measured is hammered into shape or the error of the error of horizontal range between reflector plate and the horizontal range between the measuring center point of total powerstation and basis of reference is all less than 1mm, then measurement result is qualified, otherwise remeasures.
Because the present invention adopts the adjust the distance point of horizontal range within the scope of 10 ~ 500m of this total powerstation of one-way trigonometric leveling method total powerstation to measure.Like this, the elevation of benchmark B to be measured relative to basis of reference A can be calculated according to formula (1).
h
AB＝S
ABSin(α
AB-γ
A)+i
A-v
B+D
2/2R
A(1)
Wherein:
S is the distance between benchmark B to be measured and basis of reference A;
α be when having vertical refraction to affect benchmark to be measured relative to the vertical refraction angle of basis of reference A;
γ is that benchmark B to be measured is relative to the vertical refraction angle of basis of reference A in observed ray;
I is the height of instrument of the total powerstation be positioned on basis of reference A;
V is the height of eye journey of the centering hammer be positioned on benchmark B to be measured;
D
2/ 2R is earth curvature, in the present invention D=S
aB;
R is earth radius (6370 km).
From formula (1), the measuring error of S, α, γ, i and v all can impact the precision of benchmark to be measured relative to the elevation of basis of reference, causes its error to increase.Concrete condition is as follows:
The first, the vertical error m that causes of Vertical right angle observation error
1
Vertical right angle observation error is primarily of the angle error m of total powerstation
αcause with sighting mark error.Because sighting mark error is accidental error, and can be different from the difference of the measurement level of skill of surveying work personnel and parallax, therefore the vertical error caused by Vertical right angle observation error can calculate with formula (2).
Wherein, S is the horizontal range between the measuring center point of total powerstation and tested point, m
αfor the angle error of total powerstation, ρ=206265 ".
When the measurement of many survey time being carried out to tested point owing to adopting TS30 or TCA2003 intelligence total powerstation, angle measurement accuracy can reach 0.5 "; be even better than 0.5 ", therefore preferably adopt these two kinds of intelligent total powerstations to measure when implementing of the present invention, the total powerstation that measuring accuracy is higher can certainly be adopted.At employing TCA2003 intelligence total powerstation, tested point is measured, and measuring distance is 10 ~ 500m, α when being 5 ° ~ 30 °, as shown in table 1 according to the vertical error caused by Vertical right angle observation error that formula (2) calculates.
Table 1:
The second, range observation error m
sthe vertical error m caused
2
Owing to using total powerstation when carrying out range observation to tested point, except the manufacturing accuracy of total powerstation itself, also can be subject to external environment such as the impact of the factors such as temperature, humidity and Atmosphere Refraction and produce measuring error, wherein, the distance accuracy of TS30 intelligence total powerstation is (0.6+1ppm), meter range observation error m
s=(0.6+10
-6s) distance accuracy of mm, TCA2003 intelligence total powerstation is (1+1ppm), i.e. range observation error m
s=(1+10
-6s) mm.When adopting these two kinds of total powerstations to measure tested point, range observation error m can be calculated according to formula (3)
son the impact of vertical error, namely measuring distance is on the impact of vertical error.
m
2＝m
stanα (3)
Wherein, m
sfor the range observation error of total powerstation, α is the vertical angle between the measuring center point of total powerstation and tested point.
Table 2 is depicted as vertical angle α=25 °, and when measuring distance is in 10m ~ 600m, measuring distance is on the impact of vertical error.
Table 2:
From formula (3), when using same total powerstation to measure tested point, when vertical angle angle is identical, when range observation error is different, vertical error is also different, and namely vertical error can be different with measuring distance difference.Be shown in table 2-1 and adopt TCA2003 intelligence total powerstation when measuring tested point, measuring distance is on the impact of vertical error.
Table 2-1:
Three, the vertical error m that causes of Atmosphere Refraction
3
Because the density of air and the brightness of light all change with the change of environment, can reflect when causing light to be propagated in an atmosphere.Therefore use total powerstation send light beam tested point is measured time, the vertical error m produced because of Atmosphere Refraction
3, can calculate according to formula (4).
Wherein m
Δ k=± 0.03, S is measuring distance, and R is earth radius.
When table 3 is depicted as and adopts the TCA2003 intelligence total powerstation tested point of adjusting the distance within the scope of this total powerstation 10m ~ 600m to measure, Atmosphere Refraction is on the impact of vertical error.
Table 3:
As shown in Table 3, when measuring distance is less than 300 meters, Atmosphere Refraction has the greatest impact as 0.1mm to vertical error; When measuring distance is 500 meters, the impact of Atmosphere Refraction on vertical error is less than 0.3mm, and the measuring distance of the measurement of higher degree in nuclear power engineering can not be crossed and exceeds 150 meters, therefore the impact of Atmosphere Refraction on vertical error can be ignored, meeting measurement of higher degree precision in nuclear power engineering is the requirement of 1mm.
Four, the vertical error m that causes of the measuring error of the height of eye journey v that hammers into shape of the height of instrument i of total powerstation and centering or reflector plate
4
Owing to adopting total powerstation to measure basis of reference and benchmark to be measured in the present invention, therefore the difference of elevation i.e. height of instrument i of this total powerstation between the horizontal line of sight of this total powerstation and basis of reference; When benchmark to be measured is, card line measurement is utilized to draw the height of eye journey v that centering is hammered into shape with two spirit-leveling instruments; When benchmark to be measured is line, directly measure with the center of total powerstation to the reflector plate on the datum line to be measured be attached on vertical wall, v is zero.
When not considering the measuring error of pointing error and instrument itself, the measuring error of the height of eye journey v of the height of instrument i of total powerstation and centering hammer all can be considered zero, and the vertical error that the measuring error of the height of eye journey therefore hammered into shape by height of instrument and the centering of total powerstation causes also can be ignored.
When adopting reflector plate measuring distance, when reflector plate is vertical with sight line, measuring distance precision is the highest, is less than 1mm; Surveying Measurement accuracy time at 45 ° with sight line minimum is 3mm.Get 2 times of maximum limit differences to calculate, error during reflector plate out of plumb sight line on the impact of horizontal range is
wherein, S is the horizontal range between survey station point to tested point.When S gets shortest sighting distance 1.7 meters (now error effect is maximum) of total powerstation, error on the impact of horizontal range is:
When adopting reflector plate to measure elevation, when observation angle gets maximum 25 °, the metope pasted due to reflector plate is vertical, and the angle between sight line and reflector plate is 65 °.When the measurement sight line of total powerstation i.e. angle vertical with reflector plate is 90 °, measuring distance precision is up to 1mm, when angle between the measurement sight line and reflector plate of total powerstation is 45 °, measuring distance precision is minimum is 3mm, known by normal distribution of error principle, when angle between sight line and reflector plate is 65 °, range measurement accuracy does not still exceed 1mm.
Therefore the impact of the droop error of reflector plate in actual measurement on horizontal range and elevation is very little, and reflector plate distance total powerstation far affects less, negligible.
To sum up, in the present invention the height of eye journey v of the height of instrument i of total powerstation and centering hammer or the measuring error of reflector plate to the vertical error m of trigonometric levelling
4impact very little, negligible.
Five, the vertical error m that causes of plumb line deviation
5
Plumb line deviation is by the vertical line of survey station point and target to be measured and normal direction is inconsistent causes.When showing after deliberation to measure in the scope that measuring distance is less than 300km, the impact of plumb line deviation on elevation is negligible.And in nuclear power engineering, the ultimate range installed and measured is 0.3km, much smaller than 300km, and the medial error of plumb line deviation is m
Δ u=± 0.1 ", therefore when measuring distance is less than 0.3km, the vertical error m caused by plumb line deviation
5negligible.
Six, the poor error m caused of sighting distance
6
The precision of the elevation that trigonometric levelling obtains mainly is subject to the impact of the measuring error of distance and the observational error of vertical angle, TS30 and TCA2003 intelligence total powerstation angle measurement nominal accuracy is 0.5 ", general actual observation precision is all less than 0.5 ".Can calculate in short distance trigonometric levelling according to formula (5), different front-and rear-view is apart from the poor impact on vertical error.
Wherein, m
hfor the vertical error that sighting distance difference causes, D
1for forward sight distance, D
2for backsight distance, m
τfor instrument angle error, ρ is 206265 ".
Shown in table 4 is the range difference impact when 0 ~ 200m on vertical error of TCA2003 intelligence total powerstation apart from its forward and backward viewpoint.When actual measurement, front-and rear-view is all less than 200m apart from difference.
Table 4:
As known from Table 4,500m is not more than at total powerstation and the spacing between front viewpoint and backsight point, when front-and rear-view is apart from difference from 0m to 200m, to have the greatest impact just 0.104mm (error 0.618-0.514=0.104 when error-sighting distance difference when namely not having sighting distance difference is 200m) of vertical error.Because, the forward and backward sighting distance overall length of the measurement carried out in nuclear power engineering is no more than 150m, sighting distance difference is no more than 100m, so the vertical error caused apart from difference by front-and rear-view is poor much smaller than the limit of second-order levelling, therefore the requirement to front-and rear-view distance when carrying out trigonometric levelling in nuclear power engineering, can be ignored.Therefore, in nuclear power engineering, the survey station point of placing total station can arbitrarily be arranged, flexibly and do not limit by place.
In summary, when measuring distance is less than 500 meters, the vertical error that the height hammered into shape by the height of Atmosphere Refraction, total powerstation and centering or the measuring error of reflector plate, plumb line deviation, sighting distance difference cause all can be ignored.The vertical error of the trigonometric levelling carried out due to adopted total powerstation can calculate according to formula (6).
Therefore the vertical error adopting total powerstation to carry out trigonometric levelling in nuclear power engineering can calculate according to formula (7) and (8).
Above-mentioned every error is m to the combined effect of vertical error
h couple, get 2m
h couplewith the second-order levelling specified in Code for engineering surveying limit poor
(L refer to measure route spacing from) compares, and its result is as shown in table 5.
Table 5:
From in table 5, distance is within 50m, when taking measurement of an angle more than 15 °, although it is poor that 2 times of errors exceed second-order levelling limit substantially, vertical error, all within 1mm, therefore, does not exceed 500 meters in distance, when vertical angle does not exceed 25 °, the measuring accuracy that TS30, TCA2003 intelligence total powerstation carries out minor face trigonometric levelling all can reach second-order levelling precision.
In summary, the measuring accuracy that the employing total powerstation that the present invention proposes carries out the measurement result that minor face trigonometric levelling draws can reach the second-order levelling precision reached required by nuclear power installation or measurement, can apply in nuclear power engineering, overcome the technology prejudice that minor face trigonometric levelling precision is low.
Claims (7)
1. measure a method for the elevation of the benchmark in nuclear power engineering, it is characterized in that, the method comprises the steps:
The first step, at least one basis of reference selected in measurement place, and set survey station point, and enable the total powerstation be positioned on this survey station point observe benchmark to be measured and described basis of reference;
Second step, is placed in total powerstation on described survey station point, opens described total powerstation and calibrate;
3rd step, is placed in measurement accessory in target to be measured, and described target to be measured is described basis of reference and benchmark to be measured:
When described target to be measured is, described measurement accessory is centering hammer, is stood up respectively on described basis of reference and benchmark to be measured by described centering hammer, and total powerstation described in the prism alignment that described centering is hammered into shape, and horizontal bubble is in middle position;
When target to be measured is line, described measurement accessory is reflector plate, is attached to respectively by reflector plate described in two panels in the plane at reference curve and datum line place to be measured, and the horizontal line on described reflector plate is overlapped with datum line;
4th step, measure and carry out computing to measuring the data obtained, drawing the elevation of described benchmark to be measured relative to described basis of reference:
When described target to be measured is point, first measure the height of instrument of described total powerstation and the height of eye journey of described centering hammer respectively, respectively the centering hammer be positioned on described basis of reference and benchmark to be measured is measured with described total powerstation again, and respectively record measure the measuring center point of described total powerstation that obtains and the centering on described basis of reference hammer into shape between horizontal range value and the measuring center point of vertical angle angle value and described total powerstation and the centering on described benchmark to be measured hammer into shape between horizontal range value and vertical angle angle value, computing is carried out to measuring the data obtained again with described total powerstation, draw the elevation of described benchmark to be measured relative to described basis of reference,
When described target to be measured is line, the measurement sight line of described total powerstation is first made to aim at horizontal line on described reflector plate, measure again, and horizontal range value between the measuring center point recording described reference curve and described total powerstation respectively and the horizontal range value between the measuring center point of vertical angle angle value and described datum line to be measured and described total powerstation and vertical angle angle value, carrying out computing with described total powerstation to measuring the data obtained again, drawing the elevation of described benchmark to be measured relative to described basis of reference;
5th step, confirmatory measurement data:
First respectively the measurement accessory be positioned on described benchmark to be measured and basis of reference is measured with described total powerstation, and the measurement accessory on described benchmark to be measured that obtains and the horizontal range value between the measuring center point of described total powerstation and the horizontal range value between the measuring center point of vertical angle angle value and the measurement accessory on described basis of reference and described total powerstation and vertical angle angle value measured in record respectively;
Then the data that the measurement of measuring in the data that obtain and the 4th step obtains are compared, if the error of the error of the horizontal range described in these two groups of data between the measuring center point of total powerstation and the measurement accessory on described benchmark to be measured and the horizontal range between the measuring center point of described total powerstation and the measurement accessory on described basis of reference is all less than 1 millimeter, then measurement result is qualified, otherwise re-starts measurement.
2. the method for the elevation of the benchmark in measurement nuclear power engineering according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the first step of the method, vertical angle between the total powerstation and described basis of reference of described survey station point and the vertical angle between the total powerstation and described benchmark to be measured of described survey station point are all no more than 25 °, and when vertical angle is the angle of depression, span is [-25 °, 0 °], when vertical angle is the elevation angle, span is [0 °, 25 °].
3. the method for the elevation of the benchmark in measurement nuclear power engineering according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the first step of the method, the measuring center point of the total powerstation on described survey station point and the sighting distance difference between described basis of reference and described benchmark to be measured are less than 200 meters.
4. the method for the elevation of the benchmark in measurement nuclear power engineering according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in the 3rd step of the method, uses same centering to hammer into shape and coordinates described total powerstation to measure described basis of reference and described benchmark to be measured respectively.
5. the method for the elevation of the benchmark in measurement nuclear power engineering according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in the 4th step of the method, carries out at least twice measurement respectively to described basis of reference and described benchmark to be measured.
6. the method for the elevation of the benchmark in measurement nuclear power engineering according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the 4th step of the method, when described benchmark to be measured is point, when measuring, the prism facets of the prism that described centering is hammered into shape is vertical with the measurement sight line of described total powerstation.
7. the method for the elevation of the benchmark in measurement nuclear power engineering according to claim 1, is characterized in that, when measuring the height of eye journey of described centering hammer, first vertically fixed by described centering hammer, and horizontal bubble is placed in the middle; The horizontal line of sight of a spirit-leveling instrument is aimed at the minimum point of described centering hammer, the horizontal line of sight of another spirit-leveling instrument aims at the center of the prism of described centering hammer, and vertical with the prism facets of described prism again; Then be placed between two described spirit-leveling instruments by indium steel ruler, and make the horizontal bubble of indium steel ruler placed in the middle, and obtain two readings on described indium steel ruler, the absolute difference calculating these two readings draws the height of eye journey that described centering is hammered into shape.
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| CN102865852B (en) * | 2012-09-10 | 2014-08-27 | 中国测绘科学研究院 | Elevation calibration method and device for digital elevation model data |
| CN102966015B (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2015-04-01 | 中铁建电气化局集团第五工程有限公司 | Ring network trackless measurement construction method |
| CN105823491A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-08-03 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | Electronic level meter calibrating device and method |
| CN107290719B (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2020-02-14 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Measurement lofting method, device and system |
| CN108195402B (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2023-03-31 | 中矿金业股份有限公司 | Total station large-inclination angle measurement error analysis and correction method |
| CN108426522B (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2019-12-17 | 河北省安装工程有限公司 | Pipeline member space position sampling method |
| CN109186544A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-01-11 | 湖南联智桥隧技术有限公司 | A kind of method and device for facing the measurement of higher degree of sky interface |
| CN114838717A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-08-02 | 中铁十六局集团路桥工程有限公司 | Method for monitoring deflection in real time in pushing process of steel truss girder |
| CN115930927B (en) * | 2023-03-09 | 2023-05-16 | 中铁六局集团天津铁路建设有限公司 | Linear control measuring device for concrete bridge |
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