CN114046770A - Marine settlement observation and measurement method - Google Patents
Marine settlement observation and measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
Abstract
The invention provides a method for observing and measuring marine settlement, which mainly comprises the following operations: arranging settlement deformation measurement points and establishing a settlement deformation observation reference net; observing a middle pier of the sea bridge; elevation transfer; observing the precise triangular elevation; second-class level observation; after observation and information recording, data processing is carried out, adjustment calculation is carried out after closure error, medium error and the like meet requirements, strict adjustment is carried out on a leveling route, and qualified software is selected for carrying out; and then, recording the result data into a database according to a uniform format. The method is suitable for long-term observation of the pier body in water and sea, can realize synchronous monitoring of the stability of the structure in the construction process, provides reliable data basis for the next construction procedure, and improves the efficiency of railway construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of infrastructure construction and particularly relates to an offshore settlement observation and measurement method.
Background
For the underwater piers and the marine piers, one is to assume that steel frame measurement and a pedestrian platform are fully paved near the pier body, and the steel frame is manufactured at the half circumference of the pier body to support pedestrian channel protection, so that the original ecological environment of water and sea areas is destroyed, corrosion and rust removal measures are required for long-term use, frequent maintenance is added, the service life is not too long, and the cost is higher; the other is that a water area with not very high water level exists, and the measurement is considered when a ship arrives near the abutment body at low water level. Both the two modes are greatly influenced in time environment and distance, the settlement deformation characteristics of the structure are difficult to normally embody due to limited condition influence result data, and the efficiency is not high and more personnel are needed. Therefore, the settlement monitoring difficulty of the abutment body in railway water and sea is high and the efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides an observation and measurement method for marine settlement, aiming to overcome the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
an observation and measurement method for marine settlement comprises the following operations:
s1, arranging settlement deformation measuring points and establishing a settlement deformation observation reference net; the settlement deformation measuring point comprises a reference point, a working base point and a settlement deformation observation point; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
reference point: and when the datum points are to be established in a stable area outside the subsidence deformation area, all-line bedrock points, deep-buried leveling points, CPI, CPII and second-class leveling points are used as the datum points, and the datum points are executed according to the related requirements of the second-class leveling in China when being additionally arranged. The embedding specification of the datum mark stone is in accordance with the regulation;
the working base point is as follows: the points are buried in a stable area, the points are stable and unchangeable in the observation period, the points are used as transmission points of elevation and coordinates when the settlement deformation points are measured, besides the common leveling points, the working base points further encrypt the leveling base points or set the working base points according to the technical requirements of the national second-class leveling to meet the monitoring requirements of the vertical displacement of the working points;
settling deformation point: the point is directly buried on the settlement deformation body to be measured, the point position is set at a characteristic position capable of reflecting the settlement deformation of the settlement deformation body, the setting is required to be firm, the observation is convenient, the form is required to be attractive, the structure is reasonable, and the appearance and the use of the settlement deformation body are not damaged. The settlement deformation point is carried out according to the professional point distribution requirements of bridges and the like;
s2, observing a middle pier of the sea bridge;
after the beam body is erected, the monitoring marks on the original bridge piers are transferred to beam surfaces corresponding to the bridge piers, the monitoring marks on the beam surfaces are monitored according to the standards, and then monitoring results on the beam surfaces and the elevation reference of the ground are independently leveled to realize the operation of the pier settlement monitoring network in water;
a working base point on a laying line is selected on the surface of a beam body corresponding to the pier body of the column pile, the result is transmitted to the working base point on the line from the elevation of a horizontal point under the line, and the working base point cannot be buried at the top of the pier in the sea participating in settlement observation, so that the settlement observation of the pier in the sea can be conveniently carried out for a long time. In order to truly reflect the settlement amount of the pier through online settlement observation data, a working base point and a designed leveling point on the line are subjected to joint measurement;
s3, elevation transfer;
performing intermediate station-setting triangulation height measurement, wherein the front view is a working base point on the line, and the rear view is a leveling point under the line; independently carrying out 2 groups of observation, changing the position of the measuring station among each group, leveling the total station again, and observing 4 survey loops; when the height difference between the groups is not more than 3mm, taking the average value of the height difference of each group as the transfer height difference; in order to reduce errors such as atmospheric refraction, the front and the back of the measuring station are arranged on the same side of the measuring station during measurement.
In the measurement, the front view and the back view adopt a prism and a connecting rod with good repeatability. During observation, the height of the prism is unchanged, the distance between the instrument and the prism is not more than 100m, the distance difference between the front visual range and the rear visual range is not more than 5m, the front visual range and the rear visual range are approximately equal, and the general distance difference is not more than 5 m. During observation, the temperature and air pressure values need to be accurately measured so as to correct the side length;
s4, precision triangular elevation observation;
leveling by using a total station triangulation elevation method, wherein the instrument is placed under an open-air shadow 30min before observation so that the temperature of the instrument is consistent with the outside temperature; the total station triangular elevation measurement adopts reciprocating observation, air temperature and air pressure are measured during observation, the air temperature is read to 0.5 ℃, the air pressure is read to 1.0hPa, and meteorology and instrument addition and multiplication constant correction are added into the slope distance;
s5, second-class level observation;
when the leveling base point is used, the stability test is carried out, the stable or relatively stable point is used as a reference point for settlement deformation, and the instrument is placed in an open-air shadow position 30min before observation so that the temperature of the instrument and the outside air tends to be consistent; utilize the electronic level to carry out and be no less than 20 times single measurement, shelter from no more than 20% that the scale cuts long in the telescope. During observation, the measuring umbrella is used for shielding sunlight, and for the electronic level, a light shield is arranged during implementation;
and a leveling instrument is arranged on each continuous measuring station, two pin screws are parallel to the direction of a leveling route, and a third pin screw is alternately arranged on the left side and the right side of the direction of the leveling route. Except for the turning of the route, three positions of an instrument and a front and back vision scale on each station are generally close to a straight line; during observation, odd stations are back-front-back; the even number stations are front-back-front, and meanwhile, the instrument is prevented from being arranged in a place easy to vibrate in the observation process, if vibration exists temporarily, after the vibration caused by a vibration source is confirmed to disappear, the measurement key is ensured to be excited again without vibration;
and observing and making information records, such as the record of the construction load of the girder transporting vehicle, the record of the weather condition and the underground water influence condition, and facilitating the analysis of the structural deformation characteristic and the abnormal data. When the settlement amount of adjacent observation periods exceeds a limit difference or rebounds, the stability of the working base point is remeasured and analyzed, and if necessary, the reference point is jointly measured for detection;
the field measurement of the round trip measurement of a route is carried out along the same route using the same type of instrument and a turning point ruler pad. Five-fixation, namely a fixed level base point, a working base point, a fixed person, a fixed measuring instrument, a fixed monitoring environment condition, a fixed measuring route and a method are carried out to improve the accuracy of observation data. Retesting and accepting of observation results are carried out according to the requirements related to the second-class level of the national first-class and second-class leveling Specification (GB/T12897-2006).
During observation, the sight line length is less than or equal to 50m, the difference between the front sight distance and the rear sight distance is less than or equal to 1.5m, the cumulative difference between the front sight distance and the rear sight distance is less than or equal to 6.0m, the sight line height is more than or equal to 0.5m, and the station-measuring limit difference is as follows: the difference of the readings of two times is less than or equal to 0.4mm, the difference of the height difference measured by two times is less than or equal to 0.6mm, the difference of the height difference of the detection intermittent point is less than or equal to 1.0mm, and the numerical digit of the observation reading and the record is obtained: reading and recording to 0.01mm by using a digital level gauge;
performing data processing, performing adjustment calculation after the closure error, the middle error and the like meet requirements, performing strict adjustment on a leveling route, and selecting qualified software;
and then, recording the result data into a database according to a uniform format.
Further, besides using common leveling points, the working base points are further encrypted according to the technical requirements of the second-class leveling in China, or the working base points are set until the vertical displacement monitoring requirements of the working points are met.
Further, the point position of the settlement deformation point does not destroy the appearance and use of the settlement deformation body.
Furthermore, a precise photoelectric ranging triangulation height measurement method is adopted for height transmission.
Further, when the level is arranged on each continuous measuring station, except the turning of the route, the instrument on each measuring station and the three positions of the front and rear sight scales are all arranged in a form of being close to a straight line.
Furthermore, the instrument is prevented from being arranged in a place easy to vibrate in the observation process, and if vibration exists temporarily, the measuring key is excited after the vibration caused by the vibration source is confirmed to disappear.
Further, when observing the second-class level, observing information required to be recorded, including but not limited to construction load information, weather conditions and underground water influence conditions on the girder transporting vehicle.
Further, during field measurement, a leveling base point and a working base point are fixed, a person is fixed, a measuring instrument is fixed, environmental conditions are fixedly monitored, and a measuring route and a measuring method are fixed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the method is suitable for settlement monitoring that the pier body cannot be exposed in water and sea for a long time, is easy to implement and high in reliability, avoids economic loss caused by the fact that a full-spread working steel platform is additionally arranged and a steel frame protective support is used for observing the pier body, can realize synchronous monitoring of the stability of the structure in the construction process through conversion of an elevation system, provides a reliable data basis for the next construction process, and improves the efficiency of railway construction.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention without limitation. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of settlement deformation measuring points in the inventive embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings, which are merely for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted", "connected" and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g. as being fixed or detachable or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the creation of the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
The method for observing and measuring marine settlement provided by the invention is explained in detail below.
Firstly, establishing a settlement deformation observation reference net
1.1 Main technical parameters and network establishment principles
(1) The settlement and deformation observation work mainly takes the vertical displacement observation of buildings (structures) such as bridges and the like, and the horizontal displacement monitoring is determined according to the concrete requirements of bridge work points.
(2) The reference network conforms to the relevant regulations of the current global positioning system railway engineering survey technology of the Ministry of railways when measured by using the Global Positioning System (GPS). The plane coordinate system of the standard section adopts a national 2000 ellipsoid coordinate system, the central meridian from the starting point mileage DK176+020.75 to DK208+000 of the standard section adopts 118 degrees of 30 ' 00 ', the ground height of a projection surface is 30 meters, the central meridian from the DK208+000 to the terminal point mileage DK210+349.215 adopts 118 degrees of 00 ', and the ground height of the projection surface is 20 meters.
(3) The elevation system should adopt 1985 national elevation benchmark.
(4) The deformation monitoring of the structure is to establish an independent deformation monitoring net.
1.2 measurement grade and accuracy requirements
The line settlement deformation measurement is carried out according to the regulation of a three-equal-vertical displacement monitoring network.
TABLE 1.2-1 measurement grades and accuracy requirements
1.3 vertical displacement monitoring network construction method and technical requirements
The vertical displacement monitoring of the off-line engineering is generally carried out according to the requirements of the settlement deformation grade III and the like (the national second-class leveling), and the vertical displacement monitoring network is arranged by a method of step-by-step control of precision observation such as grading network arrangement and the like according to the characteristic of high precision requirement of settlement deformation measurement and different functions and requirements of marks.
The main technical requirements of the vertical displacement monitoring network are implemented according to the following table:
TABLE 1.3-1 vertical Displacement monitoring network specifications
1.4 settling deformation measurement Point arrangement requirement
(1) The settlement deformation measuring points are divided into three types, namely a reference point, a working base point and a settlement deformation observation point, and are arranged according to the following requirements as shown in figure 1:
reference point: the method is required to be established in a stable area outside a settlement deformation area, the datum points use full-line bedrock points, deep-buried leveling points, CPI, CPII and second-class leveling points, and the datum points are executed according to the related requirements of second-class leveling in China when being additionally arranged.
A working base point: these points are buried in a stable area, and are stable and unchanged during observation, and the points of sedimentation deformation are measured as transmission points of elevation and coordinates. Besides using common leveling points, the working base points are further encrypted or arranged to meet the monitoring requirement of vertical displacement of the working points according to the technical requirement of national second-class leveling.
③ settling deformation point: directly embedded in the settlement deformation body to be measured. The point position is set at the characteristic part capable of reflecting the sedimentation deformation of the sedimentation deformation body, so that the point position is required to be firmly set and convenient to observe, and is also required to be beautiful in form and reasonable in structure, and the appearance and the use of the sedimentation deformation body are not damaged. The settlement deformation point is carried out according to the professional point distribution requirements of bridges and the like.
(2) Detection of measurement points: the monitoring net datum point and the working base point are inevitably changed at individual point positions due to natural condition changes, artificial damage and the like. In order to verify the stability of the monitoring net reference points and the working base points, the monitoring net reference points and the working base points are regularly detected.
(3) Each independent monitoring net should be provided with not less than 3 stable and reliable reference points. The reference point is selected to be a stable position outside the influence range of sedimentation deformation for long-term storage. Monitoring the settlement of the working base point, and if errors in the process that the deformation of the working base point exceeds twice are found during the two measurement periods, correcting the actual measurement elevations of the working base point and the deformation monitoring point at each period in time.
Sea pier observation of two-step and cross-sea bridge
2.1 Observation method of pier in sea
Since the piers in the sea are in the water for a long time, the monitoring can not be implemented on the ground according to the normal settlement monitoring scheme. After the beam body is erected, the beam surface is a convenient measuring channel, the monitoring mark on the original bridge pier is only required to be arranged on the beam surface corresponding to the bridge pier in a rotating mode, the monitoring mark on the beam surface is monitored according to the standard, and then the operation of the underwater pier settlement monitoring network can be completed by independently adjusting the monitoring result on the beam surface and the elevation datum on the ground.
2.2 base points for on-line work
In order to ensure the reliability of the observation data of the settlement of the pier in the sea, the online working base points are selected and arranged on the surface of a beam body corresponding to a pier body of the pile foundation with better stability, and the result is transmitted to the online working base points from the elevation of the horizontal point under the line. The device can not be buried at the top of the pier participating in settlement observation, and can conveniently observe the settlement of the pier in the sea for a long time. And in order that the settlement observation data on the line can truly reflect the settlement amount of the pier, the working base point on the line and the designed level point are subjected to joint measurement.
2.3 elevation transfer
The altitude transmission is measured by adopting a method of precision photoelectric distance measurement triangulation altitude measurement. When the intermediate station-setting triangulation elevation measurement is carried out, the front view is a working base point on the line, and the rear view is a leveling point under the line. And (4) independently observing 2 groups, changing the position of the measuring station among each group, leveling the total station again, and observing 4 survey loops. And when the height difference between the groups is not more than 3mm, taking the average value of the height difference of each group as the transfer height difference. In order to reduce errors such as atmospheric refraction, the front and the back of the measuring station are arranged on the same side of the measuring station during measurement.
In the measurement, the front view and the back view adopt a prism and a connecting rod with good repeatability. During observation, the height of the prism is unchanged; the instrument is no more than 100m from the prism. The front and back sight distances should be equal as much as possible, and the difference between the distances should not exceed 5 m. During observation, the temperature and air pressure values need to be accurately measured so as to correct the side length.
The main technical requirements of the total station triangulation elevation measurement observation are in accordance with the following specifications:
TABLE 2.3-1 Main technical requirements for Total station triangulation elevation survey
The observation data processing may use Survey Adjust software.
2.4 precision triangular height observation requirement
A total station instrument for leveling triangulation elevation method comprises a come card TS50 total station instrument, a come card prism group, a Tianbao TSC II handbook with automatic data acquisition software, a thermometer and a barometer.
(1) The leveling observation is preferably carried out in cloudy days with slight wind power and small temperature change, and the observation is not suitable for the first time sunny days after rain and the large atmospheric refraction change.
(2) The instrument is placed under the open-air shadow 30min before observation, so that the temperature of the instrument is consistent with the outside air temperature.
(3) The image should be clear and stable during observation, and observation can be performed at night under certain conditions.
(4) The total station triangular elevation measurement adopts reciprocating observation, and the air temperature and the air pressure are measured during the observation. The air temperature is read to 0.5 ℃, the air pressure is read to 1.0hPa, and the meteorological parameters and instrument addition and multiplication constants are added into the slope distance for correction.
Work specification requirements of second-class 2.5 leveling observation process
(1) When the leveling base point is used, the stability test is carried out, stable or relatively stable points are used as reference points for settlement deformation, and a certain number of stable and reliable points are required for verification.
(2) The level uses DINI0.3 Tianbao electronic level, and the instrument and the matched leveling rod are within the effective qualification inspection period. Before and during the use of the level gauge and the leveling rod, the angle between the sighting axis of the level gauge and the axis of the level tube does not exceed 15' after being checked and calibrated by a conventional method.
(3) 30min before observation, placing the instrument in an open-air shadow to make the instrument and the outside air temperature tend to be consistent; for the electronic level, no less than 20 times of single measurement is carried out, and the shielding does not exceed 20 percent of the cut length of the staff in the telescope. The umbrella is used to shade sunlight during observation, and the electronic level is provided with a light shield during application.
(4) When the level is arranged on each successive measuring station, two pin screws are parallel to the direction of the leveling route, and the third pin screw is alternately arranged on the left side and the right side of the direction of the route. Except for the turning of the route, the three positions of the instrument and the front and back vision scales on each station are generally close to a straight line. During observation, odd stations are back-front-back; the even number stations are front-back-front, and meanwhile, the instrument is prevented from being arranged in a place easy to vibrate in the observation process, and if vibration exists temporarily, the measurement key is excited after the vibration caused by the vibration source disappears.
(5) In the observation process, some important information records are made, such as the record of the construction load of the girder transporting vehicle, the record of the weather condition and the underground water influence condition, so that the analysis of the structural deformation characteristic and the analysis of abnormal data are facilitated. When the settlement amount of adjacent observation periods exceeds a limit difference or rebounds, the stability of the working base point is remeasured and analyzed, and if necessary, the reference point is jointly measured for detection.
(6) The field measurement of the round trip measurement of a route is carried out along the same route using the same type of instrument and a turning point ruler pad. Five-fixation, namely a fixed level base point, a working base point, a fixed person, a fixed measuring instrument, a fixed monitoring environment condition, a fixed measuring route and a method are carried out to improve the accuracy of observation data. Retesting and accepting of observation results are carried out according to the requirements related to the second-class level of the national first-class and second-class leveling Specification (GB/T12897-2006). During observation, the sight line length is less than or equal to 50m, the difference between the front sight distance and the rear sight distance is less than or equal to 1.5m, the cumulative difference between the front sight distance and the rear sight distance is less than or equal to 6.0m, the sight line height is more than or equal to 0.5m, and the station-measuring limit difference is as follows: the difference of the readings of two times is less than or equal to 0.4mm, the difference of the height difference measured by two times is less than or equal to 0.6mm, the difference of the height difference of the detection intermittent point is less than or equal to 1.0mm, and the numerical digit of the observation reading and the record is obtained: read to 0.01mm using a digital level.
(7) During data processing, adjustment calculation is carried out after closure errors, medium errors and the like meet requirements, strict adjustment is carried out on a leveling route, and qualified software is selected for carrying out the adjustment.
(8) And the result data is recorded into an offline engineering settlement deformation observation and evaluation database according to a unified format.
2.6 Observation frequency requirement
The pier foundation settlement observations were generally made at the time intervals required in the table below.
TABLE 2.6-1 pier foundation settlement observation frequency table
The method is suitable for settlement monitoring that the pier body cannot be exposed in water and sea for a long time, is easy to implement and high in reliability, avoids economic loss caused by the fact that a full-spread working steel platform is additionally arranged and a steel frame protective support is used for observing the pier body, can realize synchronous monitoring of the stability of the structure in the construction process through conversion of an elevation system, provides a reliable data basis for the next construction process, and improves the efficiency of railway construction.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, so that any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like, which are within the spirit and principle of the present invention, should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An observation and measurement method for marine settlement is characterized by comprising the following operations:
s1, arranging settlement deformation measuring points and establishing a settlement deformation observation reference net;
wherein, subside deformation measuring point includes:
reference point: establishing a stable area outside a settlement deformation area, wherein the reference points are full-line bedrock points, deep-buried leveling points, CPI, CPII and second-class leveling points;
the working base point is as follows: embedding the points in a stable area, keeping the points stable and unchanged during observation, and determining the settlement deformation points as the transmission points of the elevation and the coordinates;
settling deformation point: directly burying the point on the settlement deformation body to be measured, wherein the point is set at a characteristic part capable of reflecting the settlement deformation of the settlement deformation body;
s2, observing a middle pier of the sea bridge;
after the beam body is erected, the monitoring marks on the original bridge piers are transferred to beam surfaces corresponding to the bridge piers, the monitoring marks on the beam surfaces are monitored according to the standards, and then monitoring results on the beam surfaces and the elevation reference of the ground are independently leveled to realize the operation of the pier settlement monitoring network in water;
on-line working base points are selected and distributed on the surface of the beam body corresponding to the pier body of the column pile, the result is transmitted to the on-line working base points from the elevation of the on-line leveling points, and the on-line working base points and the designed leveling points are measured in a combined mode;
s3, elevation transfer;
performing intermediate station-setting triangulation height measurement, wherein the front view is a working base point on the line, and the rear view is a leveling point under the line; independently carrying out 2 groups of observation, changing the position of the measuring station among each group, leveling the total station again, and observing 4 survey loops; when the height difference between the groups is not more than 3mm, taking the average value of the height difference of each group as the transfer height difference;
during observation, the height of the prism is unchanged, the distance between the instrument and the prism is not more than 100m, and the distance difference between the front sight distance and the rear sight distance is not more than 5 m;
s4, precision triangular elevation observation;
leveling by using a total station triangulation elevation method, wherein the instrument is placed under an open-air shadow 30min before observation so that the temperature of the instrument is consistent with the outside temperature; the total station triangular elevation measurement adopts reciprocating observation, air temperature and air pressure are measured during observation, the air temperature is read to 0.5 ℃, the air pressure is read to 1.0hPa, and meteorology and instrument addition and multiplication constant correction are added into the slope distance;
s5, second-class level observation;
taking a stable or relatively stable point as a reference point of settlement deformation, and carrying out no less than 20 times of single measurement by using an electronic level gauge to shield the length of the ruler which is not more than 20% of the length cut in the telescope;
a level gauge is arranged on each continuous measuring station to ensure that the measuring key is excited again without vibration; observing and making information record, when the settlement amount of adjacent observation periods exceeds a limit difference or rebounds, retesting and analyzing the stability of a working base point, and if necessary, jointly measuring a reference point for detection;
performing data processing, performing adjustment calculation after the closure error, the middle error and the like meet requirements, performing strict adjustment on a leveling route, and selecting qualified software;
and then, recording the result data into a database according to a uniform format.
2. The marine settlement observation and measurement method of claim 1, wherein: besides using common leveling points, the working base points are further encrypted according to the technical requirements of the national second-class leveling measurement, or the working base points are set until the vertical displacement monitoring requirements of the working points are met.
3. The marine settlement observation and measurement method of claim 1, wherein: the point position of the settlement deformation point does not damage the appearance and the use of the settlement deformation body.
4. The marine settlement observation and measurement method of claim 1, wherein: and during elevation transmission, a precision photoelectric distance measurement triangulation elevation measurement method is adopted for measurement.
5. The marine settlement observation and measurement method of claim 1, wherein: when the level is arranged on each measuring station continuously, except the turning of the route, the three positions of the instrument and the front and back sight scales on each measuring station are all arranged in a form of being close to a straight line.
6. The marine settlement observation and measurement method of claim 1, wherein: in the observation process, the instrument is prevented from being arranged in a place easy to vibrate, and if vibration exists temporarily, the measuring key is excited after the vibration caused by the vibration source is confirmed to disappear.
7. The marine settlement observation and measurement method of claim 1, wherein: when observing the second level, observing the information required to be recorded, including but not limited to the information of construction load, weather conditions and underground water influence on the girder transporting vehicle.
8. The marine settlement observation and measurement method of claim 1, wherein: during field measurement, a leveling base point and a working base point are fixed, a person is fixed, a measuring instrument is fixed, environmental conditions are fixedly monitored, and a measuring route and a measuring method are fixed.
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