CN111750827B - Wide-water-area large-span pier settlement observation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wide water area large-span abutment settlement observation method, which comprises the following steps: respectively arranging a settlement observation point and a rotating point on two adjacent abutments, respectively arranging a first measuring station and a second measuring station on the first abutment and the second abutment, respectively arranging measuring instruments on the four measuring stations in a back-and-forth measuring mode to measure the numerical values of the settlement observation points and the rotating points on the two abutments to obtain measuring numerical values, and determining the height difference of the settlement observation point and the rotating point on each abutment and the height difference of the two rotating points according to the measuring numerical values; and determining a round-trip height difference value according to the height difference between the settlement observation point and the transition point and the height difference between the two transition points, wherein the round-trip height difference value needs to meet the limit of the round-trip height difference value. The method improves the traditional river-crossing water level measurement method for settlement observation of the water pier with the span of more than 100 meters, does not need to use a target during observation, and has simple flow, high measurement efficiency and reliable precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a wide-water-area large-span pier settlement observation method, and relates to the technical field of bridge engineering measurement.
Background
When a bridge is used for bridge settlement observation, the height difference between two adjacent bridge settlement points needs to be measured. According to the standard requirement, the settlement observation method carries out measurement according to the technical requirements of the second-class level, the maximum monitoring frequency is 1 time/day, and the span between the bridge abutments of the bridge is 110 m. If a land second-class leveling method is adopted for settlement observation, the standard requirement that the maximum sight distance does not exceed 50m cannot be met; furthermore, the regulations clearly stipulate that river crossing standards must be adopted when the sight distance exceeds 100 m. The method comprises the steps of performing second-class river-crossing leveling by adopting a standardized optical micrometering method, wherein a conventional measuring method is to determine the position of the river-crossing leveling, then prefabricating a special target and then measuring the height difference between a bank side inverted ruler and a river-crossing point, but the river-crossing leveling is adopted to measure a large number of returns (8 returns need to be measured), so that the time consumption is long, and the efficiency requirement of settlement observation is difficult to meet; the special measuring target is manufactured, the technical requirement is high, the time is long, and the cost is high; the position of the river-crossing point needs to be fixed, the height difference between the shore-side vertical ruler point and the river-crossing point needs to be measured, and more preparation work is needed. Therefore, for the observation requirement of the large-span abutment in the wide water area with the visual range exceeding 100m, the conventional method is long in time consumption, low in efficiency and high in consumption.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of long time consumption, low efficiency and high consumption of observing the wide-water-area large-span abutment with the visual range exceeding 100m by adopting the conventional method, and provides a wide-water-area large-span abutment settlement observation method.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
The method for observing the settlement of the large-span abutment in the wide water area comprises the following steps:
respectively arranging a settlement observation point and a rotating point on two adjacent piers, wherein the two rotating points are positioned between connecting lines of the two observation points; the method comprises the following steps that a first measuring station and a second measuring station are arranged on a first pier and a second pier respectively, the measuring stations are in full view with two turning points, the first measuring station and the second measuring station are located between a settlement observation point and a turning point connecting line on the pier where the first measuring station and the second measuring station are located, and the front and rear sight distances of the first measuring station are kept equal; the second measuring station has a set distance with a rotating point on the abutment where the second measuring station is located, and the set distance is smaller than the front visual range or the rear visual range of the first measuring station on the abutment where the second measuring station is located;
respectively arranging measuring instruments at four measuring stations, respectively measuring settlement observation points and turning points on two abutments by using the measuring instruments in a back-and-forth measuring mode to obtain measuring values, and determining the height difference of the settlement observation points and the turning points on each abutment and the height difference of the two turning points according to the measuring values, wherein the measuring values need to meet the preset difference limit of the basic and auxiliary division readings and the preset difference limit of the height difference measured by the basic and auxiliary divisions;
and determining a round-trip height difference value according to the height difference between the settlement observation point and the transition point and the height difference between the two transition points, wherein the round-trip height difference value needs to meet the limit of the round-trip height difference value.
Further, the expression formula of the round trip height discrepancy value Δ is as follows:
wherein
Indicating the difference in elevation to and from the survey sedimentation observation point CJ5 and sedimentation observation point CJ6,
indicating the difference in height of the return-to-measure sedimentation observation point CJ5 and sedimentation observation point CJ6,
h1 represents the height difference between the settlement point on the abutment and the turning point on the abutment, which is measured by a first measuring station arranged on the first abutment in the process of measuring back; h2 represents the height difference of two turning points measured by a second measuring station arranged on the first abutment in the process of measuring; h3 represents the height difference of two turning points measured from a second observation point arranged on a second abutment in the survey return; h4 represents the height difference between the settlement point on the abutment and the turning point on the abutment measured from the first observation point set on the second abutment in the survey return.
h’1The height difference between the settlement point on the abutment and the turning point on the abutment, which is measured by a first measuring station arranged on a second abutment in the return measurement, is represented; h'2The height difference of two turning points measured by a second measuring station arranged on a second abutment in the return measurement is represented; h'3Indicating a return test inThe height difference of the two rotating points is measured by a second observation point arranged on the first abutment; h'4And the height difference between the settlement point on the abutment and the turning point on the abutment, which is measured by a first observation point arranged on the first abutment in the return measurement and return, is represented.
Further, the preset base-auxiliary division reading difference limit is 0.6mm when the sight line length of 100m is adopted.
Furthermore, the preset difference limit of the height difference measured by the primary and secondary divisions adopts the difference of the height difference measured by the primary and secondary divisions of 0.8mm when the sight line length is 100 m.
Further, the set distance between the second measuring station and the upper rotating point of the abutment where the second measuring station is located is 3 meters.
Further, the measuring instrument adopts an NA2 precision optical level instrument to be matched with a GPM3 flat-plate micrometer.
The beneficial technical effects are as follows: aiming at the problems encountered by settlement observation of a bridge abutment, in order to improve the working efficiency and measure the height difference between every two bridge abutments more accurately and efficiently, the method improves the traditional river-crossing water level measurement method for settlement observation of the water abutment with the span of more than 100 meters, does not need to use a target during observation, and has the advantages of simple flow, high measurement efficiency and reliable precision.
The novel measurement method comprises the steps of firstly selecting two turning points on two sides of a bridge abutment, utilizing the turning points to carry out height difference transmission, ensuring that the distance between the back view and the front view of each point is consistent, ensuring that two focal lengths are equal when reading is carried out at a remote station so as to reduce reading errors, then carrying out limit difference calculation, and finally carrying out data processing. According to the actual conditions, the data result meets the tolerance requirement, manpower and material resources are saved, and the working efficiency is greatly improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating a height difference between a settlement point and a turning point on a first abutment, which is measured by a first measuring station arranged on the first abutment, measured by a measurement and return according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating a height difference between two turning points measured by a second measuring station disposed on a first abutment according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating a height difference between two turning points measured by a second observation point disposed on a second abutment according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating the height difference between the settlement point and the turning point on the second abutment, which is measured by the first observation point arranged on the second abutment according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The method of the present invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Embodiment one, a wide water area large-span abutment settlement observation method, as shown in fig. 1-4, in the figure 5# and 6# are two adjacent abutments; setting a settlement observation point CJ5 and a turning point Z1 on the No. 5 pier, setting a settlement observation point CJ6 and a turning point Z2 on the No. 6 pier, and setting two turning points Z1 and Z2 between connecting lines of the two observation points CJ5 and CJ6, namely, the turning point Z1, the turning point Z2, the observation point CJ5 and the observation point CJ6 are on one line;
in the figure, the first detection station of the No. 5 abutment is positioned between the connecting lines of the settlement observation point CJ5 and the turning point Z1 on the abutment where the first detection station is positioned, and front and back sight distances are kept equal; the second station of the 5# abutment is also positioned between the connecting lines of the settlement observation point CJ5 and the turning point Z1 on the abutment where the second station is positioned, as shown in the figure, the two stations on the 5# abutment are both positioned on the extension lines of the turning point Z2 and the turning point Z1, the second station has a set distance with the turning point Z1 on the abutment where the second station is positioned, and the set distance is smaller than the front visual range or the rear visual range of the first station; in the figure, the first measuring station and the second measuring station of the No. 6 abutment are positioned between the connecting lines of the settlement observation point and the turning point on the abutment, and as shown in the figure, the two measuring stations of the No. 6 abutment are positioned on the extending lines of the turning point Z2 and the turning point Z1; the first measuring station keeps the same front and back sight distance between the settlement observation point and the turning point; the turning point Z2 on the second test station of the No. 6 abutment is a set distance which is smaller than the front or rear sight distance of the first test station. The set distance in the embodiment is 3 meters, and the shortest sight of instruments and equipment is considered, so that the testing feasibility is stronger.
Respectively arranging measuring instruments at four measuring stations, respectively measuring the values of settlement observation points and rotation points on two abutments by using the measuring instruments in a back-and-forth measuring mode to obtain measuring values, and determining the height difference of the settlement observation points and the rotation points and the height difference of the two rotation points on each abutment according to the measuring values, wherein the measuring values need to meet the preset difference limit of primary and secondary division readings and the preset difference limit of the height difference measured by the primary and secondary divisions;
and determining a round-trip height difference value according to the height difference between the settlement observation point and the transition point and the height difference between the two transition points, wherein the round-trip height difference value needs to meet the limit of the round-trip height difference value.
Referring to fig. 1, a leveling instrument is placed on a first measuring station between CJ5 and Z1 on a No. 5 pier, the front and back sight distances are kept equal, CJ5 reading is carried out first, then Z1 reading is carried out, and the height difference h1 between a settlement point CJ5 and a turning point Z1 is measured.
Measuring the height difference h1, moving the instrument to a second measuring station on the No. 5 abutment at the position shown in FIG. 2, wherein the distance between the second measuring station and the Z1 is 3m, the second measuring station is positioned between the connecting line of the settlement observation point CJ5 and the rotating point Z1 on the abutment, and the second measuring point on the No. 5 abutment is positioned on the extending line of the rotating point Z1 of the No. 5 abutment and the rotating point Z2 of the No. 6 abutment; the height difference h2 was measured by reading Z1 and then Z2.
The instrument is moved to the second measuring station at the position shown in fig. 3 on the 6# abutment, the focal length is kept unchanged, the second measuring station has a set distance (3 m in the embodiment) from the rotating point Z2 on the abutment where the second measuring station is located, the second measuring station is located between the connecting lines of the settlement observation point CJ6 and the rotating point Z2 on the abutment where the second measuring station is located, and the second measuring station is located on the extension line of the age of 5# abutment rotating point Z1 and 6# abutment rotating point Z2. Generally, the telescope of the instrument cannot normally read when the distance is too close, and only the telescope is ensured to be beyond the shortest sight distance, so that the telescope can effectively read, in this embodiment, the shortest sight distance of the leveling instrument is considered to be 3m comprehensively, and the distances between the second measuring station and the turning point of the 5# abutment and the 6# abutment are both 3 m.
The height difference h3 is measured by reading the turn point Z1 and then the turn point Z2. Moving the instrument to the first measuring station at the position shown in fig. 4 on the 6# abutment, wherein the first measuring station of the 6# abutment is positioned between the connecting lines of the settlement observation point CJ6 and the turning point Z2 on the abutment, keeping the front and rear visual distances equal, reading the turning point Z2 and then the settlement observation point CJ6, and measuring the height difference h 4.
The process is to measure back,
then changing ruler to change front ruler into back ruler, repeating the process from CJ6 to complete return measurement, and calculating height difference
Round trip height difference error value
Wherein the purpose of the first survey station on 5# abutment and the first survey station on 6# abutment is to ensure that the distance between the near station and the far station of the first survey station on 5# abutment and the first survey station on 6# abutment is the same, and when the reading of the far station is read between the second survey station on 5# abutment and the second survey station on 6# abutment, the focal length is unchanged, and the purpose is to reduce the reading error. The leveling instrument in the embodiment adopts a come card NA2 with a micrometer GPM 3.
This embodiment is through being located first survey website, second survey website between settlement observation point and the commentaries on classics point on its pier and, the stadium equals around first survey website keeps, and the second survey website has the settlement distance rather than the pier on the commentaries on classics point that locates, makes to measure more high-efficient convenient, and the data result satisfies the tolerance requirement to save manpower and materials, improved work efficiency greatly, be applicable to wide waters large-span pier settlement observation. As shown in the figure, optionally, the turning points Z1 and Z2 are selected at the edge of each abutment, the distance between the turning point and the edge of the abutment where the turning point is located is smaller than a preset threshold, and the preset threshold is set according to the actual situation, so that the line-of-sight distance can be shortest as much as possible, and the testing efficiency and the measuring accuracy are improved.
The invention discloses a wide water area large-span abutment settlement observation method, wherein a water area is arranged below the middle of transition points Z1 and Z2, a measurement station is arranged between the transition point on the abutment and an observation point, the closer the atmospheric layer to the ground is affected by radiation, the light from the land to the water surface is transmitted to generate refraction, in order to balance the influence of the refraction light, the observation sight line length is shortened as much as possible, and a second measurement station and a first measurement station are positioned on the extension lines of the transition points Z1 and Z2, so that the observation sight lines of the second measurement stations respectively erected on the 5# and 6# abutments are the same, namely the precondition of averaging h2 and h3, the error is reduced, the measurement precision is further improved, the reading error is reduced, and the working efficiency is greatly improved.
The embodiment provides a method for carrying out settlement observation on a large-span (the span is more than 100m) water abutment in a wide water area. The method adopts the precise optical level gauge to be matched with the micrometer to carry out measurement operation, has the advantages of no need of manufacturing a special target, no need of measuring the difference between the river-crossing point and the offshore point in advance, great reduction of the number of measured returns and the like, and has the effects of quick observation, labor saving and time saving.
Second, on the basis of the above embodiments, the preset basic-auxiliary division reading difference limit in this embodiment is 0.6mm when the line-of-sight length of 100m is adopted;
the preset difference limit difference of the height difference measured by the primary and secondary partitions adopts the difference of 0.8mm of the height difference measured by the primary and secondary partitions when the sight line length is 100 m. The specific calculation method is as follows:
2.1) calculating the base-auxiliary division reading difference limit difference when the sight line length is 100 m:
when the sight length is 50m, the reading limit difference of the base and auxiliary divisions of a measuring station is 0.4 mm. According to the requirement that the error in the 2 times is the limit difference, the error in the basic-auxiliary division reading is as follows:
according to
If the line of sight is 100m, then
Taking 2 times of the error as limit difference, and the sight length is 100mBase-auxiliary division reading tolerance delta of a measuring stationBase and auxiliary＝2mBasic auxiliary reading (100m)0.566. After rounding off, take DeltaBase and auxiliary0.6. Namely, when the sight length is 100m, the reading limit difference of the base and auxiliary divisions of a measuring station is 0.6 mm.
2.2) calculating the difference between the height differences measured by the primary and secondary divisions at a line of sight length of 100 m:
Δhafter (1)Base of-rearAuxiliary device) - (front)Base ofFront (front)Auxiliary device)
According to the formula, the compound has the advantages of,
taking the error in the 2-fold as the limit error, then:
The round trip discrepancy of height value is determined according to the standard, i.e. the round trip discrepancy of height value is determined according to the standard
Where k is the line or measurement segment length.
The example is a water continuous pier of a certain river-crossing bridge, the span is 112m, and the total length of the water section is 2352 m. According to design requirements, pier settlement observation is required to be carried out on the cross-river bridge, observation is carried out according to second-class leveling precision, and observation frequency is 1 time/2 days. In order to carry out settlement observation of the pier at the upper section of the water, an NA2 precision optical level (nominal precision of 0.7mm/km) is matched with a GPM3 flat plate micrometer (nominal precision of 0.3mm) by a measuring instrument.
During measurement, measurement work is carried out according to the corresponding requirements of the invention. In order to ensure that the precision requirement of the second-class level is met, the corresponding requirement of the sight line length of 100m is taken as the limit difference. Statistics of observed data for stage 6 or 12 were performed between some of the abutments, as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 statistical table of multi-phase observation data between part of frustums
As can be seen from the above table, the observed data all meet the second-class specification requirements.
The method improves the traditional river-crossing water level measurement method for settlement observation of the water abutment with the span of more than 100 meters, is a method suitable for measuring the height difference between settlement points of the large-span abutment in the wide water area, does not need to use a target during observation, and has the advantages of simple flow, high measurement efficiency and reliable precision.
The novel measurement method comprises the steps of firstly selecting two turning points on two sides of a bridge abutment, utilizing the turning points to carry out height difference transmission, ensuring that the distance between the back view and the front view of each point is consistent, ensuring that two focal lengths are equal when reading is carried out at a remote station so as to reduce reading errors, then carrying out limit difference calculation, and finally carrying out data processing. According to the actual conditions, the data result meets the tolerance requirement, manpower and material resources are saved, and the working efficiency is greatly improved.
The above-mentioned serial numbers of the embodiments of the present invention are merely for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system and method may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described system embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one logical functional division, and other divisions may be realized in practice, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the various illustrative components and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality in order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module may reside in random access memory, read only memory, electrically programmable, electrically erasable and programmable, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The wide water area large-span pier settlement observation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
respectively arranging a settlement observation point and a rotating point on two adjacent piers, wherein the two rotating points are positioned between connecting lines of the two settlement observation points; the method comprises the following steps that a first test station and a second test station are arranged on a first pier and a second pier respectively, the first test station and the second test station are in sight with two turning points, the first test station and the second test station on each pier are located between a settlement observation point and a turning point connecting line on the pier where the first test station is located, and the first test station keeps the front and rear sight distances equal; the second measuring station has a set distance with a rotating point on the abutment where the second measuring station is located, and the set distance is smaller than the front-back sight distance of the first measuring station on the abutment where the second measuring station is located;
respectively arranging measuring instruments at four measuring stations, respectively measuring settlement observation points and turning points on two abutments by using the measuring instruments in a back-and-forth measuring mode to obtain measuring values, and determining the height difference of the settlement observation points and the turning points on each abutment and the height difference of the two turning points according to the measuring values, wherein the measuring values need to meet the preset difference limit of the basic and auxiliary division readings and the preset difference limit of the height difference measured by the basic and auxiliary divisions;
and determining a round-trip height difference value according to the height difference between the settlement observation point and the transition point and the height difference between the two transition points, wherein the round-trip height difference value needs to meet the limit of the round-trip height difference value.
2. The wide water area large-span abutment settlement observation method according to claim 1, wherein the expression formula of the round-trip height difference disparity value Δ is as follows:
wherein
Indicating the difference in elevation to and from the survey sedimentation observation point CJ5 and sedimentation observation point CJ6,
indicating the difference in height of the return-to-measure sedimentation observation point CJ5 and sedimentation observation point CJ6,
h1 represents the height difference between the settlement observation point on the abutment and the turning point on the abutment, which is measured by a first measuring station arranged on the first abutment in the current measuring return; h2 represents the height difference of two turning points measured by a second measuring station arranged on the first abutment in the process of measuring; h3 represents the height difference of two turning points measured by a second measuring station arranged on a second abutment in the process of measuring; h4 represents the height difference between the settlement observation point on the abutment and the turning point on the abutment, which is measured by the first measuring station arranged on the second abutment in the current measuring return;
h’1the height difference between the settlement observation point on the abutment and the turning point on the abutment, which is measured by a first measuring station arranged on a second abutment in the return measurement and return, is represented; h'2The height difference of two turning points measured by a second measuring station arranged on a second abutment in the return measurement is represented; h'3The height difference of two turning points measured by a second measuring station arranged on the first abutment in the return measurement is represented; h'4And the height difference between the settlement observation point on the abutment and the turning point on the abutment, which is measured by the first measuring station arranged on the first abutment in the return measurement and return process, is represented.
3. The wide water area large-span abutment settlement observation method according to claim 1, wherein the preset base-auxiliary division reading difference limit difference adopts a base-auxiliary division reading difference limit difference of 0.6mm when the sight line length is 100 m.
4. The wide water area large-span pier settlement observation method according to claim 1, wherein the difference limit of the preset difference of the heights measured by the primary and secondary divisions is 0.8mm when the sight line length of 100m is adopted.
5. The wide-water-area large-span pier settlement observation method according to claim 1, wherein the set distance between the second measurement station and the upper transfer point of the pier where the second measurement station is located is 3 meters.
6. The wide water area large-span pier settlement observation method of claim 1, wherein the measuring instrument adopts an NA2 precision optical level instrument in cooperation with a GPM3 plate micrometer.
7. The wide-water-area large-span pier settlement observation method according to claim 1, wherein the set distance is selected to be 3 meters.
8. The wide-water-area large-span abutment settlement observation method according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the turning point and the edge of the abutment where the turning point is located is smaller than a preset threshold.
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