CN102022998A - Method for measuring sight distance and altitude difference of complex terrain route - Google Patents
Method for measuring sight distance and altitude difference of complex terrain route Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of power transmission line measurement, disclosing a method for measuring the sight distance and the altitude difference of a complex terrain route. The method comprises a method of measuring the sight distance and the altitude difference by utilizing tower single-person striding obstacle, comprising the following steps of: 1) measuring when an upper gauging point and a lower gauging point are on one vertical line, and 2) measuring when the upper gauging point and the lower gauging point are not on one vertical line. The method also comprises a method of measuring the sight distance and the altitude difference by using a tool, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: centring and levelling a theodolite on an A point during measurement, and respectively measuring two elevation angles alpha and beta by aiming at the upper gauging point and the lower gauging point of a measurement target, so as to acquire the altitude difference H and X between the gauging points and the horizontal line of A-point theodolite and horizontal distance between the A point and a B point. The invention has the advantages of being simple in operation, high measurement precision, strong flexibility, high accuracy of measured data, high economic benefit, expanded use range for the theodolite to measure, improved working efficiency, and saved manpower and material resources, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the transmission route survey technical field, relate in particular to the method for a kind of complex-terrain circuit sighting distance and vertical survey.
Background technology
At present, transmission line of electricity sighting distance, vertical survey are the indispensable projects of transmission route survey, and its measurement data also is the important evidence of other project construction of transmission line of electricity, inspection, calculating
The classic method of transmission route survey:
1)The measurement inspection smooth in physical features, that span is less, classic method Work tool commonly used needs one in transit, one of Sopwith staff, two ones of intercoms, personnel at least two people, the time needs more than 30 minutes;
2)Measure inspection at the smooth big span of physical features, also need one one on vehicle, personnel increase to three people, and the time needs more than 40 minutes.Because of big span is measured, blurred vision Sopwith staff reading need be estimated and reads, and influenced by individual factor, causes that reading is inaccurate, error is big.The quality of data can not guarantee.
)Having inconvenient traffic and need detouring, stride ditch, to measure under the situation of going up a hill and check, surveying work needs 1-2 hours.
)Obstacle is being arranged, as the woods, crops etc. can not the situation of intervisibility under: also need repair and cut passage, need half a day to several days time.
)In track remodelling, if be in the cross a river tower of water central authorities, measure when checking and must utilize ship, just can measure;
Check a project (can see line rod or Sopwith staff, really correctly reading) when carrying out foundation torsion with classic method at the weather that mist is arranged.If carry out sighting distance, vertical survey again, prepare the road up stroke from work and will spend more time Deng conditions being possessed.
Measure according to traditional stadia method, working routine is loaded down with trivial details, and efficient is also lower, even can't measure because of the restriction that is subjected to geographical conditions.This paper improves traditional transmission line of electricity sighting distance, vertical survey method, analyzed a difficult problem of measuring sighting distance, discrepancy in elevation existence, proposed to utilize angular measurement to measure the new method of sighting distance, the discrepancy in elevation, by with the contrast of classic method, prove that this measuring method can be increased work efficiency and the accuracy of measurement data in real work.To newly-built or the maintenance after transmission line of electricity before putting into operation, must carry out quality check and checking and accepting, transmission line of electricity sighting distance, vertical survey inspection are the indispensable projects that transmission route survey is checked, according to regulation and stipulation, with stadia method in the same way two survey time or come and go each survey time measure, its sighting distance length should not be greater than 400m.When being subjected to the landform restriction, can suitably lengthen; The relative error of measuring in the same way should be greater than 1/200, and subtend should be greater than 1/150; Find that this method in measuring process exist a difficult problem with the transit stadia method during to circuit sighting distance, vertical survey inspection long-term.
Measure the difficult point of sighting distance, the discrepancy in elevation with stadia method:
1) during to sighting distance, vertical survey, need traffic, communication tool, surveying instrument and aid thereof with stadia method, comparatively complicated during inspection.
2) surpass 300 meters when sighting distance, when traditional stadia method was measured in the past, the reading of Sopwith staff was just estimated and is read, and measurement result accuracy is poor, and measuring accuracy is low.
3) under the situation that the woods, crops obstacle are arranged, when measuring, need to remove line channel by traditional method, will spend human and material resources, financial resources and time.More can not measure immediately the circuit that leap ditch, river or personnel can't arrive.
Summary of the invention
Be the problem that solution sighting distance, vertical survey exist in real work, the invention provides the method for a kind of complex-terrain circuit sighting distance and vertical survey.With reduce labour intensity greatly, increase work efficiency, guarantee sighting distance, the accuracy of vertical survey data.
For realizing aforesaid goal of the invention, the present invention adopts technical scheme as described below:
The method of a kind of complex-terrain circuit sighting distance and vertical survey comprises: utilize the single method of striding the difficulty measurement sighting distance and the discrepancy in elevation of shaft tower, utilize instrument to measure the method for the sighting distance and the discrepancy in elevation;
The described single method of striding the difficulty measurement sighting distance and the discrepancy in elevation of shaft tower of utilizing,
1) is used for the measurement of measuring point on a vertical line up and down, during measurement with transit in the levelling of A point centering, measuring point, following measuring point are measured two angle of elevation alpha, β respectively on the aligning measurement target, can obtain A point instrument horizontal line to the level of 2 of discrepancy in elevation H, the X of measuring point and A, B apart from L, adopt computing formula:
H= Ltgα X= Ltgβ L=E / (tgα — tgβ)；
2) be used for the not measurement on a vertical line of measuring point up and down, when measuring point is not on same vertical line up and down, can obtain E earlier
1Value, and then ask the sighting distance and the discrepancy in elevation;
E
1= E- tgα(L
3-L
4) L
1= L=E
1/ (tgα — tgβ) L
2= L
1+( L
3-L
4) L
5= L
1+ L
3= L
2+L
4 H= L
2tgα X= L
1tgβ ；
The described method of utilizing instrument to measure the sighting distance and the discrepancy in elevation, during measurement with transit in the levelling of A point centering, aim at two interfaces of Sopwith staff respectively, be that the Sopwith staff interface flag is obviously located as upper and lower two measuring points, measure two angle of elevation alpha, β respectively, can obtain the horizontal range of A point instrument horizontal line, adopt computing formula 2 of discrepancy in elevation H, the X of measuring point and A, B:
H= Ltgα X= Ltgβ L=E / (tgα — tgβ)
If span is excessive or barrier is arranged, can pass through simple measurement tool according to field condition: do visible marking's (as brushing paint red and white) at upper and lower measuring point place, measure upper and lower measuring point spacing E value and the supreme measuring point distance H of instrument root
1Value.
The method of a kind of complex-terrain circuit sighting distance and vertical survey, simple measurement tool is connected and composed by the vertical montant cross bar center parallel with two, is E between two parallel cross bars, is H between the bottom of cross tube and montant
1
Because adopt aforesaid technical scheme, the present invention has superiority as described below:
The method of a kind of complex-terrain circuit sighting distance and vertical survey, compare with maintenance building site and different construction landform and traditional stadia methods at a plurality of transmission line constructions, this measuring method can be increased work efficiency in real work and the accuracy of measurement data.That the present invention has is simple to operate, dirigibility is strong, measuring accuracy is high, high efficiency, economic benefit advantages of higher, and landform complex effects is obvious more more.The present invention compares accuracy and the measurement range that has increased data with classic method.In real work, can reduce a large amount of human and material resources of wasting because of the objective condition restriction, improved work efficiency.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sighting distance in shaft tower front and the synoptic diagram of vertical survey;
Fig. 2 is the sighting distance of shaft tower side and the synoptic diagram of vertical survey;
The survey instrument structural representation that Fig. 3 uses for no shaft tower;
Among the figure: I-be the instrument height; E-be the discrepancy in elevation of last measuring point and following measuring point; α-be last measuring point visual angle; β-be following measuring point visual angle; L-be the spacing of 2 of AB; H-be the height of the supreme measuring point of instrument horizontal line of sight; X-be the instrument horizontal line of sight height of measuring point extremely down.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, 2, 3: the method for a kind of complex-terrain circuit sighting distance and vertical survey comprises: utilize the single method of striding the difficulty measurement sighting distance and the discrepancy in elevation of shaft tower, utilize instrument to measure the method for the sighting distance and the discrepancy in elevation;
Method one, the described single method of striding the difficulty measurement sighting distance and the discrepancy in elevation of shaft tower of utilizing is to be used for before the stringing or the single method of striding difficulty measurement of transformation circuit, during measurement with transit in the levelling of A point centering, measuring point, following measuring point are measured two angle of elevation alpha, β respectively on the aligning measurement target, can obtain A point instrument horizontal line to the level of 2 of discrepancy in elevation H, the X of measuring point and A, B apart from L, adopt computing formula:
H= Ltgα X= Ltgβ L=E / (tgα — tgβ)
The measurement inspection smooth when physical features, that span is less, this method instrument only need one in transit, and personnel only use a people, and the time needs 5-8 minutes (comprising calculating); Check that when measuring at the smooth big span of physical features the time still only needs 5-8 minutes, because of only needing correct measuring point, not by the Sopwith staff reading, measuring accuracy is higher than classic method far away.When having inconvenient traffic and need detouring, stride ditch, to measure under the situation of going up a hill and check, this method still only needs 5-8 minutes, has eliminated much hidden dangers such as detouring, stride ditch, has also shortened working time, has improved work efficiency.When obstacle is being arranged, as the woods, crops etc. can not the situation of intervisibility under: this method still only needs 5-8 minutes; If be in the cross a river tower of water central authorities, this method can be measured inspection at any time.Reduce the reading error that Sopwith staff is not just causing in the operation, improve measuring accuracy.
This method has been expanded the usable range of transit, and the reading that surpasses 300 meters transits in tacheometric survey need be estimated and reads, should not be greater than 400m according to its sighting distance length of regulation and stipulation.When distance during, should adopt electromagnetic distance measuring instrument or total powerstation testing greater than 600m.Use single measuring method, can measure 740 meters (with the stadimeter are standard, do not put into practice at the span that surpasses 740 meters) in practice accurately, increased the usable range and the accuracy of measurement of transit.Compare with stadimeter, the stadimeter observed reading is 2 a slant distance observed reading, need revise by meteorological, after inclination correction is calculated, just can obtain correct horizontal range, also need personnel to be coupled to measuring point simultaneously and settle reflective mirror, and do not possess the difficulty measurement of striding.
By trigonometric function H/L==tg α X/L=tg β can get H=Ltg α X=Ltg β
E = H－X ＝ L×tgα－L×tgβ=L×（tgα－tgβ） L=E / (tgα — tgβ)
As shown in Figure 1, during measurement with transit in the levelling of A point centering, aim at measuring point on the measurement target, measuring point is measured two angle of elevation alpha, β respectively down, can obtain A point instrument horizontal line to the level of 2 of discrepancy in elevation H, the X of measuring point and A, B apart from L.The Fig. 1 and the following derivation of equation, measuring point when measuring point is not on same vertical line up and down, can be obtained E earlier as shown in Figure 2 about being based on same pedal line
1Value, and then ask the sighting distance and the discrepancy in elevation.
E
1= E- tgα(L
3-L
4) L
1= L=E
1/ (tgα — tgβ) L
2= L
1+( L
3-L
4) L
5= L
1+ L
3= L
2+L
4 H= L
2tgα X= L
1tgβ
Adopt the distance between single measurement notice road two measuring points, though can be by removing instrument twice, aim at same target and survey another measurement of improving one's methods of two angles, but because of this method still needs two people's compounding practices, the cooperation personnel only need at instrument fulcrum nearby, need arrive distant place measuring point, moreover the Commonly Used Size of circuit all is familiar with and can be found.Measuring point was on same pedal line about Fig. 1 and following derivation formula were based on, cross-arm is not on same pedal line about some shaft towers, be fulcrum and up and down the horizontal range between measuring point do not wait, but the two difference is very little, calculating to the discrepancy in elevation also influences very little, therefore can satisfy line construction and code requirement, can ignore, also can select other object of reference on same pedal line on the shaft tower as measuring point up and down.
Method two, the described instrument that utilizes carries out measuring method, is used to have the method for measuring under the unclear or situation about using when not having shaft tower of weather, the sight line of mist;
During measurement with transit in the levelling of A point centering, aim at two interfaces of Sopwith staff (the Sopwith staff interface flag is obvious) respectively as upper and lower two measuring points, measure two angle of elevation alpha, β respectively, can obtain the horizontal range of A point instrument horizontal line, adopt computing formula 2 of discrepancy in elevation H, the X of measuring point and A, B:
H= Ltgα X= Ltgβ L=E / (tgα — tgβ)
If span is excessive or barrier is arranged, can pass through simple measurement tool: do visible marking's (as brushing paint red and white) at upper and lower measuring point place, measure the supreme measuring point distance of upper and lower measuring point spacing (both E values) and instrument root (H according to field condition
1Value).
Described simple measurement tool is connected and composed by the vertical montant cross bar center parallel with two, is E between two parallel cross bars, is H1 between the bottom of cross tube and montant.
Example: transmission line of electricity N5# foundation torsion checks and N5-N6 sighting distance discrepancy in elevation inspection combination is carried out, because of there being mist Sopwith staff reading to read, the longitude and latitude instrument suppotr is in N5# Center stake place, Sopwith staff stands in N6# Center stake place, 4 meters interfaces of last measuring point, instrument readings be 88 ° 36 ' 39 ', 3 meters interface instrument readings of following measuring point be 88 ° 47 ' 49 ', distance between last measuring point and the following measuring point is 1 meter (being E=1 rice), and the instrument height is 1.4 meters, asks horizontal sight distance, the discrepancy in elevation and the actual discrepancy in elevation of N5-N6 two basal planes.The measuring point elevation angle: α=90 °-88 ° of 36 ' 39 "=1 ° 23 ' 21 " β=90 °-88 ° of 47 ' 49 "=1 ° 12 ' 11 "
Sighting distance: L=E/ (tg α-tg β)=1/ (tg1
°° 23 ' 21 " tg1 ° 12 ' 11 ")=307.7 meters
The discrepancy in elevation: 1 ° 23 ' 21 "=7.46 meters of H=Ltg α=307.7 * tg
The actual discrepancy in elevation of N5-N6: the high H of the last measuring point of H+I-
1=7.46+1.4-4=4.86 rice
The present invention compares at a plurality of transmission line constructions and maintenance building site and different construction landform and traditional subtense techniques, this measuring method accuracy with measurement data of can increasing work efficiency in real work. The present invention adopts the inclination inspection of shaft tower and the inspection of the sighting distance discrepancy in elevation is combined, and the inspection of the sighting distance discrepancy in elevation only needs about 3 minutes, and the data that need also can be general. That the present invention has is simple to operate, certainty of measurement is high, expanded the scope of application of transit survey, has improved operating efficiency, flexibility is strong, accuracy rate is high, save human and material resources, the advantages such as economic benefit height.
Claims (2)
1. the method for complex-terrain circuit sighting distance and vertical survey is characterized in that: comprising: utilize the single method of striding the difficulty measurement sighting distance and the discrepancy in elevation of shaft tower, utilize instrument to measure the method for the sighting distance and the discrepancy in elevation;
The described single method of striding the difficulty measurement sighting distance and the discrepancy in elevation of shaft tower of utilizing,
1) is used for the measurement of measuring point on a vertical line up and down, during measurement with transit in the levelling of A point centering, measuring point, following measuring point are measured two angle of elevation alpha, β respectively on the aligning measurement target, can obtain A point instrument horizontal line to the level of 2 of discrepancy in elevation H, the X of measuring point and A, B apart from L, adopt computing formula:
H= Ltgα X= Ltgβ L=E / (tgα — tgβ)；
2) be used for the not measurement on a vertical line of measuring point up and down, when measuring point is not on same vertical line up and down, can obtain E earlier
1Value, and then ask the sighting distance and the discrepancy in elevation;
E
1= E- tgα(L
3-L
4) L
1= L=E
1/ (tgα — tgβ) L
2= L
1+( L
3-L
4) L
5= L
1+ L
3= L
2+L
4 H= L
2tgα X= L
1tgβ ；
The described method of utilizing instrument to measure the sighting distance and the discrepancy in elevation, during measurement with transit in the levelling of A point centering, aim at two interfaces of Sopwith staff respectively, be that the Sopwith staff interface flag is obviously located as upper and lower two measuring points, measure two angle of elevation alpha, β respectively, can obtain the horizontal range of A point instrument horizontal line, adopt computing formula 2 of discrepancy in elevation H, the X of measuring point and A, B:
H= Ltgα X= Ltgβ L=E / (tgα — tgβ)
If span is excessive or barrier is arranged, can pass through simple measurement tool according to field condition: do visible marking's (as brushing paint red and white) at upper and lower measuring point place, measure upper and lower measuring point spacing E value and the supreme measuring point distance H of instrument root
1Value.
2. the method for a kind of complex-terrain circuit sighting distance according to claim 1 and vertical survey, it is characterized in that: simple measurement tool is connected and composed by the vertical montant cross bar center parallel with two, being E between two parallel cross bars, is H between the bottom of cross tube and montant
1
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102345462A (en) * | 2011-03-15 | 2012-02-08 | 湖南省交通规划勘察设计院 | Method for determining stopping sight distance in small-radius spiral tunnel on expressway and method for widening tunnel section |
| CN102607511A (en) * | 2012-02-28 | 2012-07-25 | 天津二十冶建设有限公司 | Method for performing engineering surveying by employing method for solving triangle through cosine law |
| CN102661717A (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2012-09-12 | 河北省电力建设调整试验所 | Monocular vision measuring method for iron tower |
| CN102927917A (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2013-02-13 | 河北省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Multi-view vision measurement method of iron tower |
| CN104655071A (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2015-05-27 | 哈尔滨恒誉名翔科技有限公司 | Tree height measurement instrument used for measuring tree height |
| CN107672071A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-02-09 | 杨凌美畅新材料有限公司 | The method and apparatus of photovoltaic silicon wafer cutting process detection line bow |
| CN109141351A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2019-01-04 | 国网辽宁省电力有限公司锦州供电公司 | The measurement method of transmission pressure and lower section obstacle spacing |
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Cited By (9)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102345462A (en) * | 2011-03-15 | 2012-02-08 | 湖南省交通规划勘察设计院 | Method for determining stopping sight distance in small-radius spiral tunnel on expressway and method for widening tunnel section |
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| CN102607511A (en) * | 2012-02-28 | 2012-07-25 | 天津二十冶建设有限公司 | Method for performing engineering surveying by employing method for solving triangle through cosine law |
| CN102661717A (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2012-09-12 | 河北省电力建设调整试验所 | Monocular vision measuring method for iron tower |
| CN102927917A (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2013-02-13 | 河北省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Multi-view vision measurement method of iron tower |
| CN102927917B (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2016-02-24 | 河北省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Many orders vision measurement method of iron tower |
| CN104655071A (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2015-05-27 | 哈尔滨恒誉名翔科技有限公司 | Tree height measurement instrument used for measuring tree height |
| CN107672071A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-02-09 | 杨凌美畅新材料有限公司 | The method and apparatus of photovoltaic silicon wafer cutting process detection line bow |
| CN109141351A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2019-01-04 | 国网辽宁省电力有限公司锦州供电公司 | The measurement method of transmission pressure and lower section obstacle spacing |
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Application publication date: 20110420 |