CN110044326A - Mountainous area highway application Trigonometric Leveling - Google Patents
Mountainous area highway application Trigonometric Leveling Download PDFInfo
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- CN110044326A CN110044326A CN201910302913.1A CN201910302913A CN110044326A CN 110044326 A CN110044326 A CN 110044326A CN 201910302913 A CN201910302913 A CN 201910302913A CN 110044326 A CN110044326 A CN 110044326A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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Abstract
The present invention relates to mountainous area highway application Trigonometric Levelings, total station is being set up using two total station Free-station Methods with the place of two equal intervisibilities of prism, pass through observation survey station to the height difference between two prisms, the round-trip survey height difference between section terminus is surveyed in measurement indirectly, using bilateral observation, A, the height difference between B takes the average value of height difference obtained by two total station survey, obtains difference in height through calculating.The present invention to sum up analyzes, and using the method for robot measurement and the observation of height difference indirectly opposite simultaneously of double survey stations, eliminates the influence of Atmosphere Refraction and earth curvature.Theory analysis and it was verified that this method not only can achieve the precision of the third measurement of the level, and measurement efficiency is much higher relative to traditional measurement of the level.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to field of measuring technique, specifically mountainous area highway Trigonometric Leveling and applications.
[background technique]
Mountainous area highway vertical control survey in the prior art is usually required that using the third measurement of the level, such as mountain
During western quiet emerging highway vertical control survey, Yellow River Bridge is all fronts priority control engineering, and overall length 1.1km is main
Bridge superstructure be (71+5 × 128+71) m pre-stressed concrete and consecutive steel structures, 81 meters of highest pier shaft, and be mountain highway, ground
Shape is difficult, and height difference fluctuating is very big, and slow with traditional levelling method speed, survey station is more, and error accumulation is big, reduces
Measurement of higher degree precision, individual lot geometrical standard can not complete the measurement of higher degree.And robot measurement is relative to common geometry
The measurement of the level has many advantages, such as that observation method is simple, limit that smaller, elevation transference is rapid, work efficiency is high by orographic condition,
Therefore, research, which carries out the third measurement of the level using trigonometric levelling in mountain area, is very important.
[summary of the invention]
It is an object of the invention to solve, mountainous area highway Construction Elevation control measurement mesorelief is complicated, height difference is big, high
The low problem of process control measurement efficiency, to improve mountain area vertical control survey precision and field operation measurement efficiency.
To achieve the above object, a kind of mountainous area highway application Trigonometric Leveling is designed, measurement machine is utilized
People, that is, total Station Optical Electronic Tachometer Double-direction Observation plays the role of elevation transmitting, thus solve mountainous area highway Construction Elevation control measurement in
Shape is complicated, height difference is big, vertical control survey low efficiency problem, and operational method is as follows:
Step 1 sets up trigonometric levelling instrument
Including total station, prism, pedestal, A, N are to be placed on bench mark to fix with apparatus for leveling and prism height
Special pedestal, Z1, Z2 ... Zn is the total station disposed using foot prop, B, C ... M is to be disposed using foot prop and common pedestal
Prism, any position sets up total station using Free-station Method among two prisms, and total station and the equal intervisibility of prism are preferable
, by observation survey station to the height difference between two prisms, the round-trip survey height difference between section terminus, such as Fig. 1 are surveyed in measurement indirectly.
Should be using two with the bilateral observation simultaneously of model total station when observation, it is high not measure instrument height and prism, observation away from
From generally no greater than 500m, no longer than 800m, vertical angle is no more than 10 °.Using pressure when surveying the observation of section start, end
High prism apparatus is determined in centering.
Every time before measurement, Ying Jinhang temperature, air pressure measurement, temperature reads to 0.5 DEG C, and air pressure is read to 1.0hPa.It will measurement
Temperature, air pressure input total station, atmospheric correction is carried out to the field data observed.To keep the triangle of a survey section height difference high
Journey measurement, can either realize simultaneously bilateral observation, and can enable it is each survey section instrument and prism height cancel out each other, can be used
Opposite height difference indirectly observes Trigonometric Leveling while as shown in Figure 1.
Step 2, data processing
Using bilateral observation, the height difference between A, B takes the average value of height difference obtained by two total station survey, and through calculating, A point is arrived
The height difference of B point be hAB=0.5 [(SZ1Bsin VZ1B-SZ1Asin VZ1A+SZ2Bsin VZ2B-SZ2AsinVZ2A)]+
S is oblique distance in (ν 0- ν B) (1) above formula (1), and V is vertical angle, and v is that prism is high.By bilateral observation simultaneously and take round-trip
The method for surveying height difference average value essentially eliminates the influence of instrument height, earth curvature and Atmosphere Refraction.Similarly, other each section of height
Difference is respectively hBC=0.5 [(SZ3Csin VZ3C-SZ3BsinVZ3B+SZ4CsinVZ4C-SZ4BsinVZ4B)]+(ν B-ν
C) (2)
HCD=0.5 [(SZ4DsinVZ4D-SZ4CsinVZ4C+SZ5Dsin VZ5D-SZ5CsinVZ5C)]+(ν C-
ν D) (3) ... hN-1N=0.5 [(SZn-1Nsin VZn-1N-SZn-1N-1sinVZn-1N-1+SZnNsin
VZnN-SZnN-1sinVZnN-1 it)]+(ν N-1- ν 0) (4) sums according to formula (1)~formula (4), can calculate and survey section hAN
Total head be hAN=hAB+hBC+hCD+ ... hN-1N (5)
Prism at turning point had not only been the preceding viewpoint of preceding a pair of survey station, but also was the backsight point of rear a pair of survey station, in a survey section
Height difference in, i.e., it is high without instrument height and prism in formula (5), so trigonometric levelling is carried out by this method, without measurement
Instrument height and prism are high.When data processing, A, N point are the bench mark of practical translocation, and B, C ... N-1 are intermediate double survey stations
Turning point.
The present invention to sum up analyzes, and using the method for robot measurement and the observation of height difference indirectly opposite simultaneously of double survey stations, eliminates
The influence of Atmosphere Refraction and earth curvature.Theory analysis and it was verified that this method not only can achieve the third measurement of the level
Precision, and measurement efficiency is much higher relative to traditional measurement of the level.According to method proposed in this paper and summarize observation examination
The case where testing, New Approach of Triangle Elevation Measuring have the following main features:
1. bilateral observation while can realizing real, the height difference of every a pair of survey station is calculated by bilateral observation height difference simultaneously
It obtains, can effectively eliminate the influence of Atmosphere Refraction and earth curvature.
2. whether the double survey stations of odd number or the double survey stations of even number, are not required to measuring instrument and observe in surveying section vertical survey
Elevation.
3. can achieve the precision of the third measurement of the level, new method is provided for mountain area vertical control survey.
[Detailed description of the invention]
Fig. 1 not high bilateral observation structural schematic diagram simultaneously of measuring instrument height and surveyor's beacon；
In Fig. 1, A, N are to be placed on the special pedestal fixed on bench mark with apparatus for leveling and prism height, Z1,
Z2 ... Zn is the total station disposed using foot prop, B, C ... M is the prism for using foot prop and the placement of common pedestal.
[specific embodiment]
Technical solution of the present invention is further elaborated now in conjunction with accompanying drawings and embodiments, it is believed that those skilled in the art
For be clear.
Trigonometric levelling is according to the oblique distance for the elevation angle and point-to-point transmission observed from survey station to aiming point, with triangle
The method that formula calculates the height difference of point-to-point transmission.The error for influencing trigonometric levelling precision mainly has: instrument angle error, instrument
Device range error, Atmospheric Refraction Coefficient, instrument are high and prism height measures error etc..With the raising of Instrument measuring precision, use
Angle measurement, the higher total station of range accuracy (1 ") can effectively reduce the angle measurement and range error of instrument.Therefore, high-precision
It spends in trigonometric levelling, the principal element for restricting measurement accuracy is the error and instrument height, prism height of Atmospheric Refraction Coefficient
Error is measured, even is eliminated these errors if can reduce, energy is direct and effectively improves trigonometric levelling precision.
Embodiment one
The quiet emerging third measurement of the level engineering of highway in this case combination Shanxi carries out intermediate method using two robot measurements
The method of opposite trigonometric levelling simultaneously, to solve mountainous area highway Construction Elevation control measurement mesorelief complexity, height difference
Greatly, vertical control survey low efficiency problem.To improve mountain area vertical control survey precision and field operation measurement efficiency.
Step 1 sets up trigonometric levelling instrument
Including total station, prism, pedestal, A, N are to be placed on bench mark to fix with apparatus for leveling and prism height
Special pedestal, Z1, Z2 ... Zn is the total station disposed using foot prop, B, C ... M is to be disposed using foot prop and common pedestal
Prism, any position sets up total station using Free-station Method among two prisms, and total station and the equal intervisibility of prism are preferable
, by observation survey station to the height difference between two prisms, the round-trip survey height difference between section terminus, such as Fig. 1 are surveyed in measurement indirectly.
Should be using two with the bilateral observation simultaneously of model total station when observation, it is high not measure instrument height and prism, observation away from
From generally no greater than 500m, no longer than 800m, vertical angle is no more than 10 °.Using pressure when surveying the observation of section start, end
High prism apparatus is determined in centering.
Every time before measurement, Ying Jinhang temperature, air pressure measurement, temperature reads to 0.5 DEG C, and air pressure is read to 1.0hPa.It will measurement
Temperature, air pressure input total station, atmospheric correction is carried out to the field data observed.To keep the triangle of a survey section height difference high
Journey measurement, can either realize simultaneously bilateral observation, and can enable it is each survey section instrument and prism height cancel out each other, can be used
Opposite height difference indirectly observes Trigonometric Leveling while as shown in Figure 1.
Step 2, data processing
Using bilateral observation, the height difference between A, B takes the average value of height difference obtained by two total station survey, and through calculating, A point is arrived
The height difference of B point be hAB=0.5 [(SZ1Bsin VZ1B-SZ1Asin VZ1A+SZ2Bsin VZ2B-SZ2AsinVZ2A)]+
S is oblique distance in (ν 0- ν B) (1) above formula (1), and V is vertical angle, and v is that prism is high.By bilateral observation simultaneously and take round-trip
The method for surveying height difference average value essentially eliminates the influence of instrument height, earth curvature and Atmosphere Refraction.Similarly, other each section of height
Difference is respectively hBC=0.5 [(SZ3Csin VZ3C-SZ3BsinVZ3B+SZ4CsinVZ4C-SZ4BsinVZ4B)]+(ν B-ν
C) (2)
HCD=0.5 [(SZ4DsinVZ4D-SZ4CsinVZ4C+SZ5Dsin VZ5D-SZ5CsinVZ5C)]+(ν C-
ν D) (3) ... hN-1N=0.5 [(SZn-1Nsin VZn-1N-SZn-1N-1sinVZn-1N-1+SZnNsin
VZnN-SZnN-1sinVZnN-1 it)]+(ν N-1- ν 0) (4) sums according to formula (1)~formula (4), can calculate and survey section hAN
Total head be hAN=hAB+hBC+hCD+ ... hN-1N (5)
Prism at turning point had not only been the preceding viewpoint of preceding a pair of survey station, but also was the backsight point of rear a pair of survey station, in a survey section
Height difference in, i.e., it is high without instrument height and prism in formula (5), so trigonometric levelling is carried out by this method, without measurement
Instrument height and prism are high.When data processing, A, N point are the bench mark of practical translocation, and B, C ... N-1 are intermediate double survey stations
Turning point.
Embodiment two
Trigonometric levelling verifying
The acquisition of 1 data
It chooses and surveys for section JX247-JX249 vertical survey between quiet emerging highway Yellow River Bridge bench mark, utilize 2
Platform TS15 carries airborne automatic measurement and logging program, measures the height between two bench marks using intermediate method triangulated height
Difference can get the height difference that every survey section height difference is surveyed back and forth between discrepancy and two bench marks, and be compared with height differences by leveling.
Field operation trigonometric levelling technical requirements are referring to table 1.
The technical requirements of 1 EDM-height measurement of table observation
| Grade | Side length/m | Ranging side position number | Vertical angle position number | Index error is poor/(") | Between survey time vertical angle it is poor/(") |
| It is third | ≤600 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
The verifying of 2 precision of inner coincidence
When field operation measures, the method that the height difference between each double survey stations has been all made of round-trip survey is measured, that is to say, that same
There are two observations for one section of height difference.Round-trip survey height difference of the above-mentioned survey section each between double survey stations is compared, to verify triangulated height survey
The precision of inner coincidence of amount, statistical result are shown in Table 2.From 2 statistical result of table as it can be seen that the triangulated height of 6 survey sections surveys height difference back and forth
The poor corresponding poor demand limit for being respectively less than third level illustrates to carry out triangle vertical survey by methods herein, inside meets essence
Degree can reach the requirement of third level.Table 2.
2 JX247-JX249 triangulated height of table surveys height difference statistics back and forth
The verifying of 3 precision of exterior coincidence
For the precision of exterior coincidence for verifying trigonometric levelling, the height difference of triangulated height is detected using the height difference of third level,
According to both code requirements, poor limit difference be should be less than(L is to survey segment length, as unit of km).Same survey section three
The poor comparable situation of the height difference of the angle measurement of higher degree and the measurement of the level, is shown in Table 3.
As seen from Table 3, it surveys the triangulated height height difference of section and the poor of height differences by leveling is respectively less than poor demand limit, illustrate by herein
Method carry out triangle vertical survey, precision can reach the requirement of third level.In addition, from table 3 and above-mentioned level and triangle
The testing situation of elevation also knows that the path length of the measurement of the level is more much longer than the path length of trigonometric levelling, it is seen that
For the measurement of the level of mountain area, trigonometric levelling is more much higher than the efficiency of the measurement of the level.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of mountainous area highway application Trigonometric Leveling, which is characterized in that utilize robot measurement, that is, total station
Elevation transmitting is played the role of in bilateral observation, to solve mountainous area highway Construction Elevation control measurement mesorelief complexity, height difference
Greatly, vertical control survey low efficiency problem, steps are as follows for measurement method:
Step 1 sets up trigonometric levelling instrument
Including total station, prism, pedestal, A, N are to be placed on bench mark with fixed special of apparatus for leveling and prism height
Pedestal, Z1, Z2 ... Zn is the total station disposed using foot prop, B, C ... M is the prism disposed using foot prop and common pedestal,
Any position sets up total station using Free-station Method among two prisms, and total station and the equal intervisibility of prism are preferable, leads to
Observation survey station is crossed to the height difference between two prisms, the round-trip survey height difference between section terminus is surveyed in measurement indirectly；A, N point is practical translocation
Bench mark, B, C ... N-1 are the turning point of intermediate double survey stations；
Step 2, data processing
S is oblique distance, and V is vertical angle, and v is that prism is high, and each section of height difference is respectively as follows: through calculating
Height difference hAB=0.5 [(SZ1Bsin VZ1B-SZ1Asin VZ1A+SZ2Bsin VZ2B- of the A point to B point
SZ2AsinVZ2A)]+(ν 0- ν B) in (1) above formula (1)
Height difference hBC=0.5 [(SZ3Csin VZ3C-SZ3BsinVZ3B+SZ4CsinVZ4C- of the B point to C point
SZ4BsinVZ4B)]+(ν B- ν C) (2)
Height difference hCD=0.5 [(SZ4DsinVZ4D-SZ4CsinVZ4C+SZ5Dsin VZ5D- of the C point to D point
SZ5CsinVZ5C)]+(ν C- ν D) (3) ...
Height difference hN-1N=0.5 [(SZn-1Nsin VZn-1N-SZn-1N-1sinVZn-1N-1 of the N point to N-1 point
+ SZnNsin VZnN-SZnN-1sinVZnN-1)]+(ν N-1- ν 0) (4)
Step 3 is summed according to formula (1)~formula (4), and can calculate and survey the total head of section hAN is hAN=hAB+hBC+hCD+ ...
HN-1N (5), the prism at turning point had not only been the preceding viewpoint of preceding a pair of survey station, but also has been the backsight point of rear a pair of survey station, at one
It surveys in the height difference of section, i.e., it is high without instrument height and prism in formula (5), so carrying out trigonometric levelling by this method, it is not necessarily to
Measuring instrument height and prism are high.
2. a kind of mountainous area highway application Trigonometric Leveling as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that use pair
To observation, that is, passes through bilateral observation simultaneously and take the round-trip method for surveying height difference average value, the height difference between adjacent two o'clock takes two
The average value of height difference obtained by total station survey essentially eliminates the influence of instrument height, earth curvature and Atmosphere Refraction.
3. a kind of mountainous area highway application Trigonometric Leveling as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that see
It should not measure instrument height using two with the bilateral observation simultaneously of model total station when survey and prism is high, observed range is generally little
In 500m, no longer than 800m, vertical angle is no more than 10 °；High prism is determined using forced centering when surveying the observation of section start, end
Device.
4. a kind of mountainous area highway application Trigonometric Leveling as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that survey every time
Before amount, Ying Jinhang temperature, air pressure measurement, temperature reads to 0.5 DEG C, and air pressure is read to 1.0hPa, and the temperature of measurement, air pressure are inputted
Total station carries out atmospheric correction to the field data observed.
5. a kind of mountainous area highway application Trigonometric Leveling as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that at turning point
Prism be not only the preceding viewpoint of preceding a pair of survey station, but also be the backsight point of rear a pair of survey station, in the height difference that one is surveyed section, i.e. formula
(5) high without instrument height and prism in, it carries out high without measuring instrument height and prism when trigonometric levelling.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112414368A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-02-26 | 湖北工业大学 | Triangular elevation measurement method assisted by micro unmanned aerial vehicle |
| JP2021085739A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2021-06-03 | 株式会社インフォマティクス | Space recognition system, space recognition device, space recognition method, and program |
| CN113551643A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-10-26 | 中冀建勘集团有限公司 | River-crossing leveling method and system |
| CN114046770A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2022-02-15 | 中国铁建大桥工程局集团有限公司 | Marine settlement observation and measurement method |
| CN114216442A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-03-22 | 中交第一航务工程局有限公司 | Settlement displacement measuring method and system |
| CN114485553A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-05-13 | 中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Novel measuring method for mounting and leveling airport assembly type pavement |
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| CN114485553B (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2023-12-15 | 中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Airport assembly type road surface installation leveling measurement method |
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