CN106895819A - A kind of total powerstation high accuracy Trigonometric Leveling - Google Patents
A kind of total powerstation high accuracy Trigonometric Leveling Download PDFInfo
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- CN106895819A CN106895819A CN201710001184.7A CN201710001184A CN106895819A CN 106895819 A CN106895819 A CN 106895819A CN 201710001184 A CN201710001184 A CN 201710001184A CN 106895819 A CN106895819 A CN 106895819A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
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- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of total powerstation high accuracy Trigonometric Leveling, the measuring method comprises the following steps：To measuring method, in A, B total powerstation is set up simultaneously at 2 points survey the prism of other side simultaneously and the discrepancy in elevation between calculating 2 points of A, B, from A to B the average influence for eliminating A, B spheric and atmospheric aberration is taken with the discrepancy in elevation of the measurement of the point from B to A, then B points instrument is motionless, A point instruments move C points to, the discrepancy in elevation of the measurement between B, C, then C points are motionless, and B point instruments remove the next stop.It is an advantage of the invention that：Replace that levelling speed is fast, efficiency high using Trigonometric Leveling by Total Station measurement, be particularly well-suited to the big mountain area of the discrepancy in elevation.
Description
Technical field
It is to be related to a kind of total powerstation high accuracy triangle in particular the present invention relates to a kind of vertical control survey method
Measurement of higher degree method.
Background technology
Traditional vertical control survey all uses levelling, and the instrument and equipment of the measurement of the level is simple, and precision is very high,
The always main method of vertical control survey, the spirit level of common DS3 precision can be used for the control measurement of three, Leveling Survey, three
Precision level, such as DS1 and indium steel ruler DS05 supporting with it are all used etc. the level control measurement of the above, also can be using numeral
Spirit level and its supporting bar code levelling rod are measured.
High mountain, the knob big for topography variation, ordinary levelling speed is slow, efficiency is low, as the discrepancy in elevation is bigger
Turn more, precise decreasing of standing.Trigonometric Leveling by Total Station measurement is another method of the measurement of higher degree, and measuring speed is fast, efficiency high.
Especially in the big alpine region of landform shape high, chi limitation long is received in the measurement of the level, and turning point multiple speed is slower, and precision cannot also ensure.
May even not carried out for the measurement of the level of steep cliff abrupt slope.And the Affecting Factors of Accuracy of Trigonometric Leveling by Total Station measurement is than geometry water
It is accurate many, also influenceed by earth curvature, Atmosphere Refraction in addition to range finding, vertical angle, instrument height, target measurement error high, generally
This two factors are collectively referred to as spheric and atmospheric aberration.Thus the precision of Trigonometric Leveling by Total Station measurement is less than the precision of ordinary levelling,
The general measurement of the level accuracy standard that can only achieve below the fourth class.Certainly take certain measure to observe, such as shorten sighting distance, allow survey
The vertical angle of point can also reach the precision of fourth-order leveling less than 10 degree, but it is difficult to ensure that precision reaches the third measurement of the level
Required precision.
The content of the invention
The present invention in view of the shortcomings of the prior art, and provides a kind of total powerstation high accuracy Trigonometric Leveling.
A kind of total powerstation high accuracy Trigonometric Leveling of the invention, the measuring method comprises the following steps：Entirely
Instrument of standing is set up in A points, measures B point reflection prism oblique distance S, vertical angle a, A point instrument height i, target v high, refraction k1, the earth
2 points of Curvature Effect k2's, AB is flat away from D=S × cos (a), then 2 discrepancy in elevation h=S × tan (a)+C × S2+i-v of AB, and wherein C is
The joint effect of earth curvature and Atmosphere Refraction, referred to as spheric and atmospheric aberration, wherein D is flat away from R is AB between AB
Between earth mean radius, take 6371km calculating, spheric and atmospheric aberration be change amount, the different regions different moment, its K value was different,
Majority is between 0.14 ~ 0.20；
Bidirectional ranging prism on total powerstation is installed, a pair of total powerstations are both survey station and the mesh of other side in two-way simultaneous range finding
Punctuate, the carrying handle that will be carried on total powerstation during installation is removed, and installs special carrying handle, have centre bore can fixed prism, make whole station
Instrument also makees the reflecting prism observation station of target other side while can making survey station；
There is the centering rod of regular length the fixation foot stool high of total powerstation forced centering, centre, using instrument height and target fixation high,
Reduction measures instrument height and target error high, and the length of bar is fixed, and can as needed select 1.2m, 1.5m, 1.8m, centering pin
Frame can be slided up and down along centering rod and can use side screw to fix, and disc centre screw can retainer instrument, centering rod on target top
Band circle bubble is easy to flatten disk, and essence is flat again after total powerstation erection is fixed；
To measuring method, in A, B total powerstation is set up simultaneously at 2 points and survey the prism of other side simultaneously and height between calculating 2 points of A, B
Difference, the average influence for eliminating A, B spheric and atmospheric aberration is taken from A to B with the discrepancy in elevation of the measurement of the point from B to A, and then B points instrument is motionless, A point instrument
Device moves C points to, and the discrepancy in elevation of the measurement between B, C, then C points are motionless, and B point instruments remove the next stop.
The model of the total powerstation is identical, and parameter setting is identical.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：（1）The precision of Trigonometric Leveling by Total Station measurement is improved, observation procedure is entered with equipment
Change is gone, the precision for measuring Trigonometric Leveling by Total Station reaches the measurement of the level precision more than third and third.（2）Survey station point
It is observed simultaneously with impact point, survey station is both target, and target is also survey station, carries out two-way simultaneous measurement, instrument height and target
Fixation high need not be measured.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the principle of Trigonometric Leveling by Total Station measurement of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the bidirectional ranging prism on total powerstation of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the fixation foot stool high of total powerstation forced centering of the invention；
Fig. 4 is bilateral observation method figure of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, technical scheme is described in further detail, but the present invention is simultaneously
It is not limited to embodiment.
A kind of total powerstation high accuracy Trigonometric Leveling of the invention；The measuring method comprises the following steps：
Accompanying drawing 1 is the principle of Trigonometric Leveling by Total Station measurement, and total powerstation is set up in A points, measures B point reflection prism oblique distance S, vertical angle
A, A point instrument height i, target v high, refraction k1, earth curvature influence k2's, 2 points of AB is flat away from D=S × cos (a), then
2 discrepancy in elevation h=S × tan (a)+C × S2+i-v of AB, wherein C is the joint effect of earth curvature and Atmosphere Refraction, referred to as ball gas
Difference, D is flat away from R is earth mean radius between AB, can use 6371km and calculates, and spheric and atmospheric aberration is to become between AB
The amount of change, the different regions different moment, its K value was different, and majority is between 0.14 ~ 0.20；
Accompanying drawing 2 is mounted in the bidirectional ranging prism on total powerstation, in two-way simultaneous range finding a pair of total powerstations be both survey station again
It is the impact point of other side, the carrying handle that will be carried on total powerstation during installation is removed, this special carrying handle is installed, has centre bore to consolidate
Determine prism, the reflecting prism observation station of target other side is also made while total powerstation is made survey station；Survey station point is with impact point simultaneously
It is observed, survey station is both target, target is also survey station, carries out two-way simultaneous measurement, instrument height need not with target fixation high
Measure；Different instrument carrying handles is different, and the making of carrying handle is also required to for specific instrument, to ensure prism centers plus instrument master
The discrepancy in elevation of the machine part to fix bar foot stool top is identical ensureing that the target of different instruments is high identical.
Accompanying drawing 3 is the fixation foot stool high of total powerstation forced centering, and there is the centering rod of regular length centre, using instrument height and
Target fixation high, reduction measures instrument height and target error high, and the length of bar is fixed, can select as needed 1.2m, 1.5m,
1.8m, centering foot stool can be slided up and down along centering rod and can use side screw to fix, and disc centre screw can be fixed on target top
Instrument, centering rod band circle bubble is easy to flatten disk, and total powerstation sets up smart flat again after fixing；It is true using special fix bar foot stool
Protect instrument height and target fixation high；
Accompanying drawing 4 is bilateral observation method, and in A, B, 2 points set up total powerstation while surveying the prism of other side and calculating 2 points of A, B simultaneously
Between the discrepancy in elevation, take the average influence for eliminating A, B spheric and atmospheric aberration with the discrepancy in elevation of the measurement of the point from B to A from A to B, then B points instrument is not
Dynamic, A point instruments move C points to, and the discrepancy in elevation of the measurement between B, C, then C points are motionless, and B point instruments remove the next stop, notice that even stations meet
It is to eliminate the different measurement error for causing of two instrument heights to bench mark purpose.
Instrument height and target error high are measured in order to reduce, the present invention uses fixation centering foot stool high, in order to eliminate
The influence of spheric and atmospheric aberration, using bidirectional measurement and averages, in order that two pairs of instrument parameters to measurement are identical, two instruments choosings
Same model, if the instrument of A points is to come card TS06-2, B point to should also be TS06-2, makes two instrument heights high with target
Equally reduce measuring appratus and target error high.Observation procedure is that survey station point sets up same model and precision whole station of the same race with impact point
Instrument, fixed prism on total powerstation is set up on special forced centering bar foot stool, is contacted using intercom, while being observed
2 points of distance, vertical angle and the discrepancy in elevation, in order to improve precision, making third level control point needs to observe for 6 survey time, and doing second-class needs 10
Survey time, while impact point vertical angle should be less than 10o, make third impact point no more than 500m, make second-class no more than 300m.One station observation
The website of impact point second is motionless afterwards, and original survey station point removes the 3rd station and remakes bilateral observation, notices that the sun is come out of retirement and taken up an official post and K when going down the hill
Value changes are big, should avoid at this moment being observed, during the general morning 10 after it is small to K value changes during afternoon 14, be at this moment appropriate for
Observation, in order to reduce the error that two instrument differences cause, even stations meet level control point.
The present invention replaces that levelling speed is fast, efficiency high using Trigonometric Leveling by Total Station measurement, is particularly well-suited to
The big mountain area of the discrepancy in elevation.But Trigonometric Leveling by Total Station has measured more than levelling the influence of spheric and atmospheric aberration, thus certainty of measurement
Less than levelling, the present invention reduces this two errors using certain measure and observation procedure so that total powerstation triangle
Measurement of higher degree precision is greatly improved, and can reach the precision of the third measurement of the level and the above, can replace third and second-class geometry
Level control measurement.
Embodiments of the invention are the foregoing is only, the scope of the claims of the invention is not thereby limited, it is every to utilize this hair
Equivalent structure or equivalent flow conversion that bright description is made, or directly or indirectly it is used in other related technology necks
Domain, is included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of total powerstation high accuracy Trigonometric Leveling, it is characterised in that the measuring method comprises the following steps：Entirely
Instrument of standing is set up in A points, measures B point reflection prism oblique distance S, vertical angle a, A point instrument height i, target v high, refraction k1, the earth
2 points of Curvature Effect k2's, AB is flat away from D=S × cos (a), then 2 discrepancy in elevation h=S × tan (a)+C × S2+i-v of AB, and wherein C is
The joint effect of earth curvature and Atmosphere Refraction, referred to as spheric and atmospheric aberration, wherein D is flat away from R is AB between AB
Between earth mean radius, take 6371km calculating, spheric and atmospheric aberration be change amount, the different regions different moment, its K value was different,
Majority is between 0.14 ~ 0.20；
Bidirectional ranging prism on total powerstation is installed, a pair of total powerstations are both survey station and the mesh of other side in two-way simultaneous range finding
Punctuate, the carrying handle that will be carried on total powerstation during installation is removed, and installs special carrying handle, have centre bore can fixed prism, make whole station
Instrument also makees the reflecting prism observation station of target other side while can making survey station；
There is the centering rod of regular length the fixation foot stool high of total powerstation forced centering, centre, using instrument height and target fixation high,
Reduction measures instrument height and target error high, and the length of bar is fixed, and can as needed select 1.2m, 1.5m, 1.8m, centering pin
Frame can be slided up and down along centering rod and can use side screw to fix, and disc centre screw can retainer instrument, centering rod on target top
Band circle bubble is easy to flatten disk, and essence is flat again after total powerstation erection is fixed；
To measuring method, in A, B total powerstation is set up simultaneously at 2 points and survey the prism of other side simultaneously and height between calculating 2 points of A, B
Difference, the average influence for eliminating A, B spheric and atmospheric aberration is taken from A to B with the discrepancy in elevation of the measurement of the point from B to A, and then B points instrument is motionless, A point instrument
Device moves C points to, and the discrepancy in elevation of the measurement between B, C, then C points are motionless, and B point instruments remove the next stop.
2. a kind of total powerstation high accuracy Trigonometric Leveling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described complete
Stand instrument model it is identical, parameter setting is identical.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710001184.7A CN106895819B (en) | 2017-01-03 | 2017-01-03 | Total station high-precision triangular elevation measurement method |
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| CN201710001184.7A CN106895819B (en) | 2017-01-03 | 2017-01-03 | Total station high-precision triangular elevation measurement method |
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| CN106895819A true CN106895819A (en) | 2017-06-27 |
| CN106895819B CN106895819B (en) | 2023-08-25 |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107328388A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-11-07 | 中铁上海工程局集团有限公司 | It is a kind of high without the high Trigonometric Leveling of prism without instrument |
| CN108007429A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-05-08 | 义煤集团新安县云顶煤业有限公司 | A kind of measuring method of total powerstation in underworkings |
| CN108981660A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2018-12-11 | 中国十七冶集团有限公司 | A kind of Opposite side survey method of triangulated height |
| CN108981661A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2018-12-11 | 中国十七冶集团有限公司 | The measuring device and measuring method of spheric and atmospheric aberration are eliminated in trigonometric levelling |
| CN109341617A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-02-15 | 安徽三地测绘有限公司 | A kind of measurement method of vertical industrial chimney height |
| CN109520466A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-03-26 | 四川拓绘科技有限公司 | A kind of Free Station method based on the measurement of overall position |
| CN110044326A (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2019-07-23 | 中铁上海工程局集团有限公司 | Mountainous area highway application Trigonometric Leveling |
| CN110118546A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-08-13 | 中国一冶集团有限公司 | A method of measuring independent structures elevation |
| CN110186426A (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2019-08-30 | 中铁大桥局集团第二工程有限公司 | A kind of remote triangulated height river-crossing leveling method |
| CN110455257A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-11-15 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Vertical atmosphere re- fraction coefficient detection method, measurement of higher degree system and method |
| CN110763191A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-02-07 | 江苏师范大学 | A measurement method and device for joint measurement of triangular elevation with front and rear view in a well |
| CN113432581A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-09-24 | 天津市勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Method for carrying out high-precision vault settlement observation by using precision leveling point |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107328388A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-11-07 | 中铁上海工程局集团有限公司 | It is a kind of high without the high Trigonometric Leveling of prism without instrument |
| CN108007429A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-05-08 | 义煤集团新安县云顶煤业有限公司 | A kind of measuring method of total powerstation in underworkings |
| CN108981660A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2018-12-11 | 中国十七冶集团有限公司 | A kind of Opposite side survey method of triangulated height |
| CN108981661A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2018-12-11 | 中国十七冶集团有限公司 | The measuring device and measuring method of spheric and atmospheric aberration are eliminated in trigonometric levelling |
| CN109341617A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-02-15 | 安徽三地测绘有限公司 | A kind of measurement method of vertical industrial chimney height |
| CN109520466A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-03-26 | 四川拓绘科技有限公司 | A kind of Free Station method based on the measurement of overall position |
| CN110044326A (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2019-07-23 | 中铁上海工程局集团有限公司 | Mountainous area highway application Trigonometric Leveling |
| CN110118546A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-08-13 | 中国一冶集团有限公司 | A method of measuring independent structures elevation |
| CN110186426A (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2019-08-30 | 中铁大桥局集团第二工程有限公司 | A kind of remote triangulated height river-crossing leveling method |
| CN110455257A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-11-15 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Vertical atmosphere re- fraction coefficient detection method, measurement of higher degree system and method |
| CN110763191A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-02-07 | 江苏师范大学 | A measurement method and device for joint measurement of triangular elevation with front and rear view in a well |
| CN113432581A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-09-24 | 天津市勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Method for carrying out high-precision vault settlement observation by using precision leveling point |
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