CN105716575A - Method for rapid measurement of horizontal control network in engineering tunnel - Google Patents
Method for rapid measurement of horizontal control network in engineering tunnel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel engineering control survey and particularly relates to a method for rapid measurement of horizontal control network established in an engineering tunnel. The method solves the problems of low efficiency and high workload of traditional control networks and is characterized in that a total station is erected on an out-tunnel control point in in-tunnel and out-tunnel control network combined measurement; in in-tunnel measurement, the total station is erected in the middle of two control points in symmetrical left-right arrangement to observe horizontal angles, vertical angles and slope distances of adjacent control points in all directions; observation data of all observation stations form the horizontal control network. The method has the advantages that angle observation is least affected by horizontal refraction; under the condition of complete sameness of traverse network structures, work efficiency is improved by above 60% when a middle station setting type traverse network is compared with a traditional way.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Tunnel Engineering and control field of measuring technique, be specifically related to a kind of Tunnel Engineering hole inner plane Controling network method for fast measuring.
Background technology
In order to ensure tunnel midline plane penetrating accuracy, it is necessary to set up Controling network in hole with hole outer control net for benchmark.In general Tunnel Engineering hole, space ratio is narrow, and in work progress, interference is big, and sighting condition is poor, and therefore inner plane Controling network in hole is frequently with laying traverse net flexibly.
Traditional hole inside conductor is frequently with Guan Bi ring traverse net.Advantage is to have redundancy to observe, it is possible to makeup ring closure condition, and shortcoming is that fieldwork observation amount is big, inefficient, is generally used in the hole of major long tunnel and controls to measure.
In tradition hole, Guan Bi ring traverse net measuring method is as follows:
1, on the A of control point, hole, set up total powerstation, as survey station after centering leveling, outer control point B in hole sets up pedestal prism group, as backsight after centering leveling, control point 1,2 is set up pedestal prism group in hole, as forward sight after centering leveling.
Read on-the-spot temperature, air pressure, humidity parameter when 2, starting to measure, be input in total powerstation automatically to carry out the correction of range finding achievement.
3, observation process adopts method of direction observation.Upper semiobservation observes in hole outer control point B, hole in control point 1, hole control point 2 and zero direction and hole outer control point B clockwise, and lower semiobservation is observed counterclockwise.Require that once sight prism centers measures angle and distance simultaneously.
4, successively at all control point (A, 1, 2, 3, ..., 9) upper erection total powerstation is as survey station, observe 2 control point adjacent with the front and back of survey station homonymy, composition is needed to close translocation survey station offside rear or Dong Nei control point, front during ring, which point of concrete translocation to be determined less than 4～6 limits according to Guan Bi ring limit number, ultimately form Guan Bi ring traverse net, as shown in Figure 1, figure intermediate cam represents hole outer control point, round dot represents control point in hole, two-wire represents known limit, single line represents observation limit, Guan Bi ring numbering is labeled in circle, Guan Bi ring is generally made up of 4～6 limits.
Along with the universal use of servo type total powerstation, employing is automatically sighted (ATR) technology and is carried out automatic Observation, not only reduces the working strength of survey crew, shorten observation time simultaneously, also improving accuracy of observation, therefore inside conductor net in hole occurs in that cross-wire web form, as shown in Figure 2, figure intermediate cam represents hole outer control point, round dot represents hole inside conductor point, and two-wire represents known limit, monolateral expression observation limit, in Guan Bi ring numbering mark circle, Guan Bi ring is generally made up of 4 limits.
Cross-wire net is characterised by except last control point in hole outer control point and hole, in hole, 2 pairs of control point that front and back are adjacent observed by survey station simultaneously, advantage is: every 4 limits can form a Guan Bi ring, in the measuring point situation of equal number, cross-wire net Guan Bi ring number of combinations is far more than Guan Bi ring traverse net, significantly enhance Controling network and find rough error and the ability of opposing rough error, improve the reliability of Measurement results.Shortcoming is: each control point is both needed to erection Setting Station of Total Station Instrument observation, and the observed quantity of each station is than Guan Bi ring traverse net increase about 1 times.Often, the construct factors such as interference big poor by sighting condition in hole affects, and causes loop closure to transfinite, it is necessary to do over again and resurvey.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to solve Tunnel Engineering hole inner plane Controling network traverse survey efficiency and precision problem, it is proposed that a kind of method for fast measuring.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that realization:
Tunnel Engineering hole inner plane Controling network method for fast measuring, on hole outer control point, total powerstation is set up when it is characterized in that Controling network translocation inside and outside hole, when measuring in hole, total powerstation is erected at medium position between 2 control point of symmetrical laying, observe all around horizontal angle, vertical angle and oblique distance between adjacent control points, all survey stations observation data composition horizontal control network.
Specifically comprise the following steps that
1) point arrangement,
In hole, control point is distributed in the center line left and right sides, tunnel by symmetric mode laying, and the control point, 2, left and right being in same section mileage is right referred to as point；
2) survey station tissue,
(1) on control point, hole (A), total powerstation is set up, as survey station after centering leveling, at hole outer control point (B) upper erection prism as backsight, in symmetrical hole, in control point I (1) and hole, the upper erection prism in control point II (2), as forward sight, observes 3 points altogether；
(2) put in hole successively between medium position erection total powerstation, without centering, therefore, in hole, in control point I (1) and hole, in hole between control point II (2), the 1st survey station will observe 5 points and control point, hole (A), control point II (2) in control point I (1) and hole in symmetrical hole, control point IV (4) in control point III (3) and hole in symmetrical hole, control point II (2) in control point I (1) and hole in the hole that in control point III (3) and hole, in hole between control point IV (4), the 2nd survey station is namely symmetrical by observing 6 points in hole, control point IV (4) in control point III (3) and hole in symmetrical hole, control point VI (6) in control point V (5) and hole in symmetrical hole；..., in the hole that in the hole of latter two symmetry, in control point Ⅸ (9) and hole, in hole between control point Ⅹ (10), the last leg is namely symmetrical by observing 4 points, in control point VII (7) and hole, in the hole of control point VIII (8), symmetry, in control point Ⅸ (9) and hole control point Ⅹ (10)；
3), data observation,
(1) instrument height is measured, instrument height refers to that after total powerstation flattens total powerstation transverse axis is to the vertical height between the end face of control point, measure instrument when outer control point in hole sets up Setting Station of Total Station Instrument high from the end face amount of control point, put in hole and unify to be set to 0m without measuring when middle frame sets Setting Station of Total Station Instrument；
(2) measuring mirror height, mirror height refers to that prism centers is to the vertical height between the end face of control point, and the mirror at whole control point that each station measures the observation of this survey station before starting to measure is high；
(3) each survey station start measure before must measure field temperature, air pressure, humidity, be input in total powerstation automatically carry out range finding achievement correction；
(4) diopter triggers one-shot measurement after being located at the prism centers on control point, simultaneously recording level angle, vertical angle, three readings of oblique distance；
(5) observation process requires to carry out according to method of direction observation, and position number, accuracy of observation and limit are poor, zero direction, zero observation etc. are determined according to industry standard, measurement grade；
(6) after completing the observation of all position number, check fieldwork observation precision index, do over again time defective and resurvey, after qualified, adjourn next survey station, until completing the observation of all survey stations.
Completing the method that the data after step " 3) data observation " process is:
(1) the observation statistical average of each survey station each survey time is taken as final observing buoy；
(2) calculate between survey station and each measuring point flat from, the discrepancy in elevation, and horizontal angle between measuring point, and calculate measuring point coordinate with survey station for initial point；
(3) calculate the orientation between 2 by measuring point coordinate, flat from, the discrepancy in elevation, extract desired data to form the observation data of equivalence according to different conductor net networking condition.
Hinge structure of the present invention has the advantages that
(1) in hole, control point adopts point that form is laid in center line both sides, tunnel, and total powerstation is erected at and a little makes angular surveying be subject to horizontal Effect of Refraction minimum tunnel, middle part midline position.
(2) in the completely identical in structure situation of traverse net, set station method wire in the middle of adopting and improve more than 60% than traditional approach work efficiency.
For Fig. 1, adopt Guan Bi ring traverse net mode: each survey station 2 measuring points of observation, need to be formed 3 points of observation during Guan Bi ring, left and right sets station for 2 times and removes after coincidence point 4 measuring points of actual observation, adopt cross-wire net mode: each survey station 4 measuring points of observation, left and right sets station for 2 times and removes after coincidence point 4 measuring points of actual observation, and adopts centre to set station method traverse net mode: once setting station and can complete the observation of 6 points.
(3) the middle station method traverse net observation data that set form cross-wire network data, after Guan Bi ring angular error of closure, relative closing error of extreme length meet requirement, adopt tight method compensating computation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is existing Guan Bi ring traverse net,
Fig. 2 is existing cross-wire net,
Fig. 3 sets station method traverse net observation figure in the middle of the present invention
Fig. 4 sets station method Traverse Network Adjustment figure in the middle of the present invention,
Fig. 5 sets station method traverse net observation figure in the middle of embodiment,
Fig. 6 sets station method Traverse Network Adjustment figure in the middle of embodiment.
In figure: known point outside △ hole, 1 hole inside conductor point, set station location in the middle of ◎ ,=known limit, observation limit (angle, distance) ,+observation limit (only distance), 1., 2., 3. ... Guan Bi ring sequence number, C1, C2, C3 ... centre sets station sequence number.
Detailed description of the invention
Tunnel Engineering hole inner plane Controling network method for fast measuring, on hole outer control point, total powerstation is set up when it is characterized in that Controling network translocation inside and outside hole, when measuring in hole, total powerstation is erected at medium position between 2 control point of symmetrical laying, observe all around horizontal angle, vertical angle and oblique distance between adjacent control points, all survey stations observation data composition horizontal control network.
Specifically comprise the following steps that
1) point arrangement,
In hole, control point is distributed in the center line left and right sides, tunnel by symmetric mode laying, and the control point, 2, left and right being in same section mileage is right referred to as point；
2) survey station tissue,
(1) on control point, hole (A), total powerstation is set up, as survey station after centering leveling, at hole outer control point (B) upper erection prism as backsight, in symmetrical hole, in control point I (1) and hole, the upper erection prism in control point II (2), as forward sight, observes 3 points altogether；
(2) put in hole successively between medium position erection total powerstation, without centering, therefore, in hole, in control point I (1) and hole, in hole between control point II (2), the 1st survey station will observe 5 points and control point, hole (A), control point II (2) in control point I (1) and hole in symmetrical hole, control point IV (4) in control point III (3) and hole in symmetrical hole, control point II (2) in control point I (1) and hole in the hole that in control point III (3) and hole, in hole between control point IV (4), the 2nd survey station is namely symmetrical by observing 6 points in hole, control point IV (4) in control point III (3) and hole in symmetrical hole, control point VI (6) in control point V (5) and hole in symmetrical hole；..., in the hole that in the hole of latter two symmetry, in control point Ⅸ (9) and hole, in hole between control point Ⅹ (10), the last leg is namely symmetrical by observing 4 points, in control point VII (7) and hole, in the hole of control point VIII (8), symmetry, in control point Ⅸ (9) and hole control point Ⅹ (10)；
3), data observation,
(1) instrument height is measured, instrument height refers to that after total powerstation flattens total powerstation transverse axis is to the vertical height between the end face of control point, measure instrument when outer control point in hole sets up Setting Station of Total Station Instrument high from the end face amount of control point, put in hole and unify to be set to 0m without measuring when middle frame sets Setting Station of Total Station Instrument；
(2) measuring mirror height, mirror height refers to that prism centers is to the vertical height between the end face of control point, and the mirror at whole control point that each station measures the observation of this survey station before starting to measure is high；
(3) each survey station start measure before must measure field temperature, air pressure, humidity, be input in total powerstation automatically carry out range finding achievement correction；
(4) diopter triggers one-shot measurement after being located at the prism centers on control point, simultaneously recording level angle, vertical angle, three readings of oblique distance；
(5) observation process requires to carry out according to method of direction observation, and position number, accuracy of observation and limit are poor, zero direction, zero observation etc. are determined according to industry standard, measurement grade；
(6) after completing the observation of all position number, check fieldwork observation precision index, do over again time defective and resurvey, after qualified, adjourn next survey station, until completing the observation of all survey stations.
Completing the method that the data after step " 3) data observation " process is:
(1) the observation statistical average of each survey station each survey time is taken as final observing buoy；
(2) calculate between survey station and each measuring point flat from, the discrepancy in elevation, and horizontal angle between measuring point, and calculate measuring point coordinate with survey station for initial point；
(3) calculate the orientation between 2 by measuring point coordinate, flat from, the discrepancy in elevation, extract desired data to form the observation data of equivalence according to different conductor net networking condition.
Embodiment: carried out applying and succeeding in applicant's project according to above inventive method.Certain railway tunnel total length 2.1 kilometers, import is positioned at straightway, and other parts are positioned at curved section, sets station method traverse net survey according to centre and set horizontal control network after tunnel holing through.At tunnel entrance, exporting GPS control point outside the hole of translocation respectively, form starting at and closure condition of hole inside conductor net, the symmetrical laying of hole inside conductor point, consecutive points spacing, between 100～150 meters, buries 40 points 20 points of composition underground right altogether.
According to existing " railroad engineering survey specification " TB10101-2009 relevant regulations, hole inside conductor Controling network is third wire, and main technical requirements is in Table 1, the main technical requirements of traverse survey.
Fieldwork observation adopts LeicaTCRP1201+ total powerstation, angle measurement accuracy 1.0 ", range accuracy 1mm+1ppm, every survey station observed for 6 survey time.
Tunnel control net sets station method traverse net according to centre and carries out fieldwork observation (Fig. 4), after calculating survey station coordinate according to fieldwork observation achievement, conversion forms adjustment file (Fig. 5), 1 connecting traverse being made up of 24 points is formed between Controling network is imported and exported, wire conforms to precision in Table 2, forming 39 tetragon Guan Bi rings, ring closure accuracy is in Table 3.
Table 2 loop closure check table
Connecting traverse: orientation mis-tie misclosure-3.5 ", meet limit poor=16.9 " requirements；Wire total length 2.406 kilometers, coordinate mis-tie misclosure 0.0231 meter, wire relative closing error of extreme length is 1/104307, meets specification 1/55000 requirement.
Table 3 ring closure accuracy
Guan Bi ring: 39, angular error of closure meansigma methods 2.1 ", maximum 7.1 " and, meet specification 7.2 " requirement；Coordinate mis-tie misclosure meansigma methods 1.4mm, maximum 4.2mm, total length relative coordinate mis-tie misclosure is respectively less than 1/1000000, meets specification 1/55000 requirement.
Traverse net mean square error of angle observation< specification 1.8 " requirement.
Wherein:
N closing of polygon ring number；
fβConductor loop angular error of closure (")；
N calculates fβTime corresponding survey station number.
Hole inner plane Controling network wire presses variance components estimate pattern rigorous adjustment, the average 1.35mm of mean square error of a point, the most weak limit (D38 to D40) the distance phase error of centralization 1/275000, meets specification 1/150000 requirement.
Claims (3)
1. a Tunnel Engineering hole inner plane Controling network method for fast measuring, on hole outer control point, total powerstation is set up when it is characterized in that Controling network translocation inside and outside hole, when measuring in hole, total powerstation is erected at medium position between 2 control point of symmetrical laying, observe all around horizontal angle, vertical angle and oblique distance between adjacent control points, all survey stations observation data composition horizontal control network.
2. Tunnel Engineering hole according to claim 1 inner plane Controling network method for fast measuring, it is characterised in that step is as follows:
1) point arrangement,
In hole, control point is distributed in the center line left and right sides, tunnel by symmetric mode laying, and the control point, 2, left and right being in same section mileage is right referred to as point；
2) survey station tissue,
(1) on control point, hole (A), total powerstation is set up, as survey station after centering leveling, at hole outer control point (B) upper erection prism as backsight, in symmetrical hole, in control point I (1) and hole, the upper erection prism in control point II (2), as forward sight, observes 3 points altogether；
(2) put in hole successively between medium position erection total powerstation, without centering, therefore, in hole, in control point I (1) and hole, in hole between control point II (2), the 1st survey station will observe 5 points and control point, hole (A), control point II (2) in control point I (1) and hole in symmetrical hole, control point IV (4) in control point III (3) and hole in symmetrical hole, control point II (2) in control point I (1) and hole in the hole that in control point III (3) and hole, in hole between control point IV (4), the 2nd survey station is namely symmetrical by observing 6 points in hole, control point IV (4) in control point III (3) and hole in symmetrical hole, control point VI (6) in control point V (5) and hole in symmetrical hole；..., in the hole that in the hole of latter two symmetry, in control point Ⅸ (9) and hole, in hole between control point Ⅹ (10), the last leg is namely symmetrical by observing 4 points, in control point VII (7) and hole, in the hole of control point VIII (8), symmetry, in control point Ⅸ (9) and hole control point Ⅹ (10)；
3), data observation,
(1) instrument height is measured, instrument height refers to that after total powerstation flattens total powerstation transverse axis is to the vertical height between the end face of control point, measure instrument when outer control point in hole sets up Setting Station of Total Station Instrument high from the end face amount of control point, put in hole and unify to be set to 0m without measuring when middle frame sets Setting Station of Total Station Instrument；
(2) measuring mirror height, mirror height refers to that prism centers is to the vertical height between the end face of control point, and the mirror at whole control point that each station measures the observation of this survey station before starting to measure is high；
(3) each survey station start measure before must measure field temperature, air pressure, humidity, be input in total powerstation automatically carry out range finding achievement correction；
(4) diopter triggers one-shot measurement after being located at the prism centers on control point, simultaneously recording level angle, vertical angle, three readings of oblique distance；
(5) observation process requires to carry out according to method of direction observation, and position number, accuracy of observation and limit are poor, zero direction, zero observation etc. are determined according to industry standard, measurement grade；
(6) after completing the observation of all position number, check fieldwork observation precision index, do over again time defective and resurvey, after qualified, adjourn next survey station, until completing the observation of all survey stations.
3. a kind of Tunnel Engineering hole according to claim 1 and 2 inner plane Controling network method for fast measuring, it is characterised in that completing the method that the data after step " 3) data observation " process is:
(1) the observation statistical average of each survey station each survey time is taken as final observing buoy；
(2) calculate between survey station and each measuring point flat from, the discrepancy in elevation, and horizontal angle between measuring point, and calculate measuring point coordinate with survey station for initial point；
(3) calculate the orientation between 2 by measuring point coordinate, flat from, the discrepancy in elevation, extract desired data to form the observation data of equivalence according to different conductor net networking condition.
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Cited By (16)
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| CN106092068A (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2016-11-09 | 中矿金业股份有限公司 | Misalign measurement system and the measuring method of traverse survey tested point coordinate |
| CN106840066A (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2017-06-13 | 武汉大学 | A kind of long distance tunnel internal precision horizontal control network net type |
| CN109357667A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-02-19 | 陕西省引汉济渭工程建设有限公司 | The method of network forming form tunnel plane connection survey |
| CN109446497A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-08 | 中国水利水电第四工程局有限公司 | One kind is grown up tunnel traverse survey record and data processing method |
| CN109468899A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2019-03-15 | 湖北省水利水电规划勘测设计院 | A method of increasing observed quantity between railroad track control net voluntary intake |
| CN109798880A (en) * | 2019-01-26 | 2019-05-24 | 中交一航局第四工程有限公司 | The control points layout method of one step surveying method is combined in a kind of house acceptance survey |
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| CN106092068A (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2016-11-09 | 中矿金业股份有限公司 | Misalign measurement system and the measuring method of traverse survey tested point coordinate |
| CN106840066A (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2017-06-13 | 武汉大学 | A kind of long distance tunnel internal precision horizontal control network net type |
| CN109468899A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2019-03-15 | 湖北省水利水电规划勘测设计院 | A method of increasing observed quantity between railroad track control net voluntary intake |
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| CN109357667B (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2020-11-27 | 陕西省引汉济渭工程建设有限公司 | Network-forming tunnel plane contact measurement method |
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