CN114111735A - High-precision control measurement method for shield tunnel in scientific experiment - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-precision control measurement method used in a shield tunnel for scientific experiments, which comprises the following steps: 1) closed lead point positions are arranged in the tunnel, forced centering devices are arranged at the point positions, and every 4 points form a group of closed net shapes; 2) measuring control point positions transmitted into an underground tunnel working well are used as calculation data, and the calculation data and the point positions distributed in the tunnel form a first group of closed conducting wires; 3) after the field observation is finished, the field data processing adopts data adjustment software to process, and a data result and precision evaluation report is formed; 4) when two points are added forwards in the tunnel each time, the two points are newly added and the middle two points in the last group of net shapes form a new group of closed net shapes. The invention effectively controls the error in a certain area in the tunnel, thereby effectively controlling the accumulation of the measurement error, forming an effective checking condition by the checking points and the checking edges formed between the closed net-shaped groups, and greatly and effectively improving the precision of the control measurement in the tunnel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of control and measurement in shield tunnels, in particular to a high-precision control and measurement method for a shield tunnel in scientific experiments.
Background
With the rapid development of mapping technology and mapping equipment, the requirements of people on the construction precision of the shield tunnel are continuously improved, and the requirements on the construction measurement precision are extremely high in part of tunnel projects used for scientific experiments. Therefore, how to accurately control the tunnel excavation direction ensures that the shield tunneling machine is communicated with high precision and the axis deviation of the formed tunnel meets the high precision requirement.
The shield method tunnel construction measurement mainly comprises ground plane measurement, ground elevation measurement, surface and underground connection measurement and underground control measurement. The method comprises the following steps of measuring the elevation, namely measuring the ground elevation, measuring the elevation connection between the ground and the well, and measuring the underground elevation. The elevation control measurement can utilize a high-precision electronic level to carry out second-class leveling elevation transmission measurement, and can meet the requirements of design and specification. The difficulty of plane control measurement is much higher than that of relative high-level control measurement. In plane control measurement, ground plane control measurement is popularized along with GNSS and observation environment is relatively good, and the requirement of high precision can be completely met; the surface contact measurement of the well and the underground can meet the relevant requirements by the traditional measuring method at the present stage; the control and measurement in the underground tunnel become a key link of high-precision control of the tunnel.
The control measurement in the underground tunnel is a process formed gradually as the shield tunneling machine is continuously pushed forward. Along with the continuous extension of the underground tunnel, the measurement accumulated error is continuously increased along with the continuous extension of the conducting wire. Before the tunnel is not penetrated, the lead wires arranged forwards along the forming tunnel have no high-precision checking condition, so that the measurement accumulated error is difficult to obtain good control, and the high-precision requirement cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for controlling and measuring the shield tunnel with high precision in scientific experiments, which effectively solves the problem of accumulated control and measurement errors in the shield tunnel and has the characteristics of high precision, high stability, high reliability and the like. Through laying multiunit closed wire in the shield tunnel, effectively controlling the error in a set of closed net shape, great weakening measurement error's accumulation to the precision of the interior wire point of effectual improvement tunnel ensures the requirement of high accuracy. Has positive significance for improving the engineering quality.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a high-precision control measurement method used in a shield tunnel for scientific experiments comprises the following steps:
1) closed lead point locations are arranged in the tunnel, forced centering devices are arranged at the point locations, every 4 points form a group of parallelogram-like closed net shapes, and the relative relationship between the point locations is close to a parallelogram; the distance between the point position embedded in the tunnel and the wall of the formed tunnel is more than 0.5 m;
2) measuring control point positions transmitted into an underground tunnel working well are used as calculation data, and the calculation data and the point positions distributed in the tunnel form a first group of closed conducting wires; the total station is erected on one underground control point position to serve as a station point, the other underground control point position serves as a rearview direction, the forward view aims at the 1 st unknown point position, the 2 nd unknown point position, the 3 rd unknown point position and the point position in the rearview direction in sequence, and the angle and distance observation of the first half of the survey is completed; the total station finishes inverting, sequentially aims at a point position, a 3 rd unknown point position, a 2 nd unknown point position and a 1 st unknown point position in the rear view direction, finishes observation of the angle and the distance of the lower half of the measured circle, forms observation data of one measured circle by the upper half of the measured circle and the lower half of the measured circle, and finishes observation of a group of closed net shapes;
3) after field observation is finished, carrying out strict adjustment processing on field data by adopting data adjustment software to form a data result and precision evaluation report;
4) when two points are added forwards in the tunnel each time, the two points are added and the middle two points in the last group of net shapes form a new group of closed net shapes; the requirement of the relative position relation between the new group of closed net shape point positions is the same as that in the step 1), and the new group of closed net shape observation method is the same as that in the step 2); the starting point positions utilize the point positions in the last group of net shapes, but the point positions consistent with the advancing direction of the tunnel must be used; two adjacent groups of closed net shapes form a structure with two common points and two common edges in a spatial relationship, wherein one point position of the two common point positions is a starting point, and the other point position is a check point; one of the two public edges is a starting edge, and the other one is a checking edge; the checking points and the checking edges are used for evaluating the precision of the two groups of net shapes.
Further, in the step 1), a group of closed net shapes is formed at every 4 point positions, the length of the short side of each net shape is 13: 1-20: 1 relative to the inner diameter of the tunnel, the length of the long side of each net shape is 25: 1-41: 1 relative to the inner diameter of the tunnel, and the ratio of the length of the short side to the length of the long side is larger than or equal to 1: 2.
Further, in the step 2), when each observation station observes, the observation of angles and distances in all directions adjacent to the observation station needs to be carried out, a full circle is formed in the observation form, the number of the measured echoes is determined according to the grade of the selected total station, and the number of the measured echoes of each observation station is more than 4.
Further, in the step 3), the field data processing adopts software to carry out strict adjustment, so that the measurement error is effectively controlled in a small area range in the whole tunnel, and the accumulation of the error is weakened.
Further, in step 4), since the results of the check points and the check edges processed by the two groups of closed net shapes are poor, precision evaluation needs to be performed on adjacent closed net shapes.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the technical scheme, the high-precision control measurement method for the shield tunnel in the scientific experiment provided by the invention has the advantages that the accumulation of the measurement error is effectively controlled by effectively controlling the error in a certain region in the tunnel, the check points and check edges formed between the closed net-shaped groups form effective check conditions, the precision of control measurement in the tunnel is greatly and effectively improved, and the method has positive significance for improving the engineering quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first group of closed net shape measurements of the high-precision control measurement method for the shield tunnel in scientific experiments according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of closed net-shaped groups and inter-group measurement of the high-precision control measurement method for the shield tunnel in scientific experiments according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the high-precision control measurement method used in the shield tunnel for scientific experiments.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, the high-precision control measurement method for the shield tunnel in the scientific experiment specifically comprises the following steps:
1) taking a point A and a point B of a measurement control point transmitted into an underground tunnel working well as a starting point position, wherein all the point positions are set to be forced to be centered;
2) underground control measurement points are distributed in the tunnel, the underground control measurement points are respectively a point No. 1, a point No. 2 and a point No. 3, all the points are set to be in forced centering, the distance between each point and the formed tube wall is more than 0.5m, the relative position relation of four points of the point A, the point No. 1, the point No. 2 and the point No. 3 is close to a parallelogram, the side length of the point A to the point No. 3 is as close as possible to the side length of the point No. 1 to the point No. 2, the side length of the point A to the point No. 1 (the point No. 2 to the point No. 3) is as close as possible to the side length of the point No. 2 to the point No. 2 (the point A to the point No. 3), and the ratio of the side length of the point A to the point No. 1 (the point No. 2) to the point No. 2 (the point A to the point No. 3) is not more than 1: 2; a first group of closed wire net shapes are formed by four point positions of a point A, a point No. 1, a point No. 2 and a point No. 3;
3) erecting a total station on the point A, aiming at the point B as a rear view direction, and aiming at the point 1, the point 2, the point 3 and the point B in sequence by forward view to finish the observation of the angle and the distance of the first half of the first survey in the first survey; the total station finishes inverting, sequentially aims at the point B, the point 3, the point 2 and the point 1 to finish the observation of the angle and the distance of the lower half of the measured time, and the upper half and the lower half of the measured time form the observation data of one measured time; completing data acquisition of a first station, moving the total station to a point No. 1, erecting the total station on the point No. 1, aiming at the point A as a rear view direction, aiming at the point No. 2, the point No. 3 and the point A in sequence by forward view, and completing observation of the angle and the distance of the first half of the first survey in the first survey; the total station finishes inverting the mirror, sequentially aims at the point A, the point 3 and the point 2 to finish the observation of the angle and the distance of the lower half of one measured return, and the upper half and the lower half of the measured returns form the observation data of one measured return; repeating the steps until the data acquisition is finished at all the point positions; completing a group of closed net-shaped observation;
4) with the forward continuous excavation of the shield tunneling machine, the number of points in the tunnel is increased continuously, when the number 4 point and the number 5 point are arranged in the tunnel, the number 3 point, the number 2 point, the number 4 point and the number 5 point form a new group of closed wire net shapes, the field observation method is the same as the step 3), and the field data processing mode is the same as the step 6);
5) a structure with two common points and two common edges is formed between two adjacent groups of closed net shapes in a spatial relationship, wherein one point position is a starting point, and the other point position is a check point; one of the two public edges is a starting edge, and the other one is a checking edge; the checking points and the checking edges are used for evaluating the precision of the two groups of net shapes. In the two groups of adjacent closed net shapes formed in the steps 3) and 5), the point 2 and the point 3 are two common point positions, the point 3 is a starting point of the closed net shape formed in the step 5), and the point 2 is a check point between the two groups of closed net shapes; the edge from the point A to the point 3 and the edge from the point 3 to the point 2 are two common edges, the edge from the point A to the point 3 is the starting edge of the closed net shape formed in the step 5) (the starting edge of the adjacent net shape must select the edge which is consistent with the advancing direction of the tunnel, such as the edge from the point A and the point 3, or the edge from the point 1 and the point 2), and the edge from the point 3 to the point 2 is the checking edge;
6) and after the field data acquisition is finished, performing internal data processing, wherein the internal data processing is performed by adopting data adjustment software and adopting a strict adjustment mode to process, and a data result and precision evaluation report is formed.
Further, in the step 3) and the step 4), the observation indexes, the related technical indexes and the related equipment can be selected according to the requirements of GB/T50308-; after data preprocessing is performed on each measured angle data on each point, the requirement that the measured angle data is equal to 360 degrees should be met, and in step 3), after preprocessing the measured angle data when the total station is erected on the point a, the requirement that:
point-a-point No. 1 +. point-a-point No. 2 +. point-a-point No. 3 +. point No. 3-point-a-point-B ═ 360 °
Further, in the step 5), the check points and the common edges in the two groups of adjacent closed net shapes are respectively a point No. 2 and a point No. 3-No. 2, and after the point No. 2 is subjected to data strict adjustment processing in the point No. 1-the point No. 2-the point No. 3 in the first group of net shapes, the coordinate results are (X2 and Y2); after the No. 2 point is subjected to data strict adjustment processing in the No. 3 point-No. 2 point-No. 4 point-No. 5 point of the second net shape, the coordinate results are (X2 ', Y2'); checking that the No. 3 point-No. 2 point of the edge is subjected to data strict adjustment processing in the first group of net-shaped A point-No. 1 point-No. 2 point-No. 3 point, and obtaining a coordinate azimuth angle f 1; after the data are strictly smoothed in the second set of net-shaped point 3, point 2, point 4 and point 5, the obtained coordinate azimuth angle is f 1'; the precision evaluation method of the check points and the common edges on the two groups of closed net shapes is as follows:
fβ＝f2-f1
in the formula, delta is the point position coordinate difference of the common point, and f is the coordinate azimuth angle difference of the common edge; the smaller the values of Δ d and f β are, the smaller the observation error is, and the higher the accuracy of the point location and the azimuth thereof is.
Further, after the step 6) of processing the internal work data, the forming of the data result and the precision evaluation report mainly comprises the following steps: the closed net-shaped closure difference, the relative closure difference of the total length of the wire, the error in each adjacent point position and the like are detected to determine whether the relevant specifications or design requirements are met; the related technical indexes can refer to GB/T50308-2017 urban rail transit engineering measurement Specification.
Claims (5)
1. A high-precision control measurement method used in a shield tunnel for scientific experiments is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) closed lead point locations are arranged in the tunnel, forced centering devices are arranged at the point locations, every 4 points form a group of parallelogram-like closed net shapes, and the relative relationship between the point locations is close to a parallelogram; the distance between the point position embedded in the tunnel and the wall of the formed tunnel is more than 0.5 m;
2) measuring control point positions transmitted into an underground tunnel working well are used as calculation data, and the calculation data and the point positions distributed in the tunnel form a first group of closed conducting wires; the total station is erected on one underground control point position to serve as a station point, the other underground control point position serves as a rearview direction, the forward view aims at the 1 st unknown point position, the 2 nd unknown point position, the 3 rd unknown point position and the point position in the rearview direction in sequence, and the angle and distance observation of the first half of the survey is completed; the total station finishes inverting, sequentially aims at a point position, a 3 rd unknown point position, a 2 nd unknown point position and a 1 st unknown point position in the rear view direction, finishes observation of the angle and the distance of the lower half of the measured circle, forms observation data of one measured circle by the upper half of the measured circle and the lower half of the measured circle, and finishes observation of a group of closed net shapes;
3) after field observation is finished, carrying out strict adjustment processing on field data by adopting data adjustment software to form a data result and precision evaluation report;
4) when two points are added forwards in the tunnel each time, the two points are added and the middle two points in the last group of net shapes form a new group of closed net shapes; the requirement of the relative position relation between the new group of closed net shape point positions is the same as that in the step 1), and the new group of closed net shape observation method is the same as that in the step 2); the starting point positions utilize the point positions in the last group of net shapes, but the point positions consistent with the advancing direction of the tunnel must be used; two adjacent groups of closed net shapes form a structure with two common points and two common edges in a spatial relationship, wherein one point position of the two common point positions is a starting point, and the other point position is a check point; one of the two public edges is a starting edge, and the other one is a checking edge; the checking points and the checking edges are used for evaluating the precision of the two groups of net shapes.
2. The high-precision control measurement method used in the scientific experiment shield tunnel according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step 1), a group of closed net shapes is formed at every 4 point positions, the length of the short side of each net shape is 13: 1-20: 1 relative to the inner diameter of the tunnel, the length of the long side of each net shape is 25: 1-41: 1 relative to the inner diameter of the tunnel, and the ratio of the length of the short side to the length of the long side is larger than or equal to 1: 2.
3. The high-precision control measurement method used in the scientific experiment shield tunnel according to claim 1, is characterized in that: when each observation station is observed in the step 2), the observation of angles and distances in all directions adjacent to the observation station is required, a full circle is formed in the observation form, the number of the measured echoes is determined according to the grade of the selected total station, and the number of the measured echoes of each observation station is more than 4 measured echoes.
4. The high-precision control measurement method used in the scientific experiment shield tunnel according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and 3) performing strict adjustment on the internal data by adopting software in the step 3), effectively controlling the measurement error in a small area range in the whole tunnel, and weakening the accumulation of the error.
5. The high-precision control measurement method used in the scientific experiment shield tunnel according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step 4), the precision of adjacent closed net shapes needs to be evaluated because the results of the check points and the check edges processed by the two groups of closed net shapes are poor.
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