CN110985009B

CN110985009B - Inclined drilling construction method

Info

Publication number: CN110985009B
Application number: CN201911305591.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王海卫; 张鹏涛; 张肖亮; 杜益; 臧波; 周波; 王京生; 马洪江; 王金纯; 王秉涛
Original assignee: Xincheng Gold Mining Shandong Gold Mining Co ltd
Current assignee: Xincheng Gold Mining Shandong Gold Mining Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-12-18
Filing date: 2019-12-18
Publication date: 2021-02-26
Anticipated expiration: 2039-12-18
Also published as: CN110985009A

Abstract

The invention discloses an inclined drilling construction method, which comprises the following steps: completing fixed-point work of each laneway in the construction process; if the coordinate system of the roadway where the initial position of the inclined drilling hole is located and the coordinate system of the roadway where the final position of the inclined drilling hole is located are not the same coordinate system, measuring a fixed error between the two coordinate systems, and unifying the coordinate systems of the initial position and the final position of the inclined drilling hole; and (III) adjusting drilling parameters according to the deviation of the drilling track caused by the self weight of the drill bit, and then starting drilling. The invention corrects the angle of the drilling machine through a parabolic track formula when the drill bit drills obliquely, ensures that the oblique drilling construction is accurate in place, simultaneously quickly finishes on-site fixed point by means of a gyroscope, replaces the traditional one-well directional guide point mode, realizes the unification of a coordinate system through repeated measurement, and eliminates inherent errors.

Description

Inclined drilling construction method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for constructing inclined drill holes.

Background

In the process of mine reconstruction construction, a new shaft, especially an inclined shaft, is often constructed on the basis of the existing roadway and mine to meet the production requirement. The following problems can be encountered in the construction process: (1) the inclined drilling belongs to non-vertical drilling construction, the movement track of the drill deviates due to the dead weight of the drill, the construction is not accurate in place, and other roadways or transportation systems are easily affected or even accidents are caused; (2) due to historical reasons, underground roadway coordinate systems are more, different roadway coordinate systems are often adopted, although coordinate value transformation among the coordinate systems can be carried out according to original design construction data, fixing errors among the coordinate systems are not accurate and definite, the coordinate systems of a drilling initial position and a drilling final position cannot be definite and unified, and obstacles are caused to construction development; (3) also, due to historical reasons, a roadway only needs one control point without a rear-view direction, and accurate fixed point cannot be realized.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides an inclined drilling construction method, which aims to: (1) the offset generated by the non-vertical drilling is compensated, and the construction is ensured to be accurate in place; (2) unifying coordinate systems involved in drilling construction; (3) the fixed point of the roadway with only one control point is realized.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

an inclined drilling construction method comprises the following steps:

completing fixed-point work of each laneway in the construction process;

if the coordinate system of the roadway where the initial position of the inclined drilling hole is located and the coordinate system of the roadway where the final position of the inclined drilling hole is located are not the same coordinate system, measuring a fixed error between the two coordinate systems, and unifying the coordinate systems of the initial position and the final position of the inclined drilling hole;

and (III) adjusting drilling parameters according to the deviation of the drilling track caused by the self weight of the drill bit, and then starting drilling.

As a further improvement of the method: in the step (one), if a certain lane has only one known control point, the fixed point work of the lane is completed by the following modes:

randomly taking a control point in the roadway as a rear viewpoint, finding out the true north direction through a gyroscope, taking the known control point as a measurement station of the instrument, measuring the horizontal included angle between the measurement station and the rear viewpoint, measuring the distance and the height difference between the known control point and the rear viewpoint, calculating the coordinate value of the rear viewpoint in a coordinate system where the known control point is located, and finishing the fixed point.

As a further improvement of the method: in the step (II), setting one of the roadway where the starting position is located and the roadway where the end position is located as a first roadway and the other as a second roadway, wherein coordinate systems where the first roadway and the second roadway are located are respectively a first coordinate system and a second coordinate system;

finding a tunnel communicated with the second tunnel in the first coordinate system as an intermediate tunnel, setting a plurality of known intermediate control points in the intermediate tunnel, then retesting the intermediate control points from the second tunnel to the intermediate tunnel through the communication path, obtaining coordinate values of the intermediate control points in the second coordinate system, and recording the coordinate values as measurement coordinate values of the intermediate control points; meanwhile, calculating the coordinate value of each intermediate control point in the second coordinate system by using a known coordinate value conversion formula between the original first coordinate system and the second coordinate system, and recording the coordinate value as the conversion coordinate value of each intermediate control point; and then calculating the deviation between the measured coordinate value and the converted coordinate value of each intermediate control point, calculating the average value of the deviations of all the intermediate control points as a fixed error, compensating the fixed error into a coordinate value conversion formula between the original first coordinate system and the original second coordinate system to obtain a new coordinate value conversion formula for converting the coordinate values between the first coordinate system and the original second coordinate system, and achieving the purpose of unifying the coordinate systems at the initial position and the final position of the inclined drilling hole.

As a further improvement of the method: if more than two different communication channels exist between two nodes in a communication path between the second roadway and the middle roadway, two measuring points, namely a first measuring point and a second measuring point, are respectively selected at the two nodes, then the first measuring point is retested to the second measuring point through the different communication channels, then the coordinate values of the second measuring point which are respectively measured are subjected to closed adjustment calculation, and the calculation result is used as the retested value of the second measuring point.

As a further improvement of the method: and (III) firstly, obtaining a track formula when the drill bit drills obliquely under the unified coordinate system, then substituting the relative coordinate value between the initial position and the final position into the formula to obtain a new construction angle, and drilling according to the new construction angle.

As a further improvement of the method: when a track formula is established, a rectangular coordinate system is established in a vertical plane where the inclined drilling hole is located by taking the initial drilling position as an original point, taking the projection vector direction of the drilling direction vector in the horizontal plane as the X-axis direction and taking the vertical direction as the Y-axis direction, and then the inclined drilling hole track is as follows: y = Xtag θ + g (X/(Vcos θ)) 2, where θ is the angle between the drilling construction direction and the horizontal plane, and V is the drilling speed;

when a new drilling angle is obtained, the height difference between the starting position and the end position is substituted as Y, the projection distance between the starting position and the end position in the X-axis direction is substituted as X, and the back-calculated theta is used as a construction angle.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) according to the invention, the angle of the drilling machine is corrected by a parabolic track formula when the drill bit drills obliquely, so that the construction is ensured to be accurate in place; (2) for the roadway with only one known control point, the gyroscope is used for quickly finishing the site location, the traditional one-well directional point guiding mode is replaced, a large amount of time, manpower and material resources are saved, and meanwhile, the normal production is not influenced because other well ways are not needed; (3) through a retest means, two coordinate systems are connected together by means of a middle roadway, a fixed error of coordinate conversion is measured, unification of the coordinate systems is realized through compensation and correction, and data support is provided for inclined drilling and subsequent through engineering; (4) in the retest process, for nodes which can be communicated through a plurality of channels, a multi-path retest and closed adjustment mode is adopted, so that retest between two nodes is realized, retest errors can be reduced, and the accuracy of retest and coordinate system measurement correction is ensured.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a downhole roadway involved in the embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a graph of trajectory prediction and starting position adjustment.

Detailed Description

The technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail in the following with the accompanying drawings:

referring to fig. 1 and 2, the reconstruction of a new-town gold mine-466 m powder mine system requires the construction of a-466 m to-530 m powder mine recovery well (a hole to be constructed). The hole is designed from a-466 m construction drilling machine chamber, a drill hole with the length of about 58m and the inclination angle of 81 degrees is constructed by adopting a raise boring well, and after the hole penetrates to a-530 m slag storage chamber, the hole is reversely brushed into a powder ore recovery well with the diameter of 1.4 m.

In the figure: 1. the construction method comprises the following steps of a main vertical shaft, 2, a lifting well, 3, an auxiliary slope ramp, 4, a manway equipment well, 5 and a hole to be constructed.

The existing construction difficulty is as follows:

1. as the-466 m fine ore recovery roadway is a project in the 90 th century, the measurement control points are basically destroyed, the coordinate system of the-383 m mine recovery roadway is only provided with 1 top plate control point in the field, the rearview direction is not available, and the accurate positioning cannot be realized. On the other hand, the-466 m powder ore recovery lane is an independent auxiliary lane, only one powder ore recovery elevator shaft is connected with-383 m, and the guide of a measuring lead needs to be oriented in one shaft, so that the work is complicated. Therefore, the fixed-point work of the-466 m lane is difficult.

2. The middle section control point of-530 m is a main north air shaft, and accumulated errors exist after the primary control wire passes through a track lane guide point of 1500 m. Meanwhile, the only control point of-466 m is the lead-in of a-383 m coordinate system, and the-383 m coordinate system is the lead-in of a first-level control lead of the ramp through a 1000m rail roadway. Therefore, the-530 m coordinate system and the-383 m coordinate system (the coordinate system in which the-466 m is located) are two coordinate systems in essence, and a certain coordinate system error exists (namely, an error exists in a coordinate value obtained after the coordinate value in one coordinate system is converted into the coordinate value in the other coordinate system), and the error is already reflected in normal work, so that a barrier is caused to drilling construction.

3. And 6m at the periphery of the-530 m slag storage chamber is a rail transportation roadway, so that the drilling construction is ensured to be accurate in position, and otherwise, the XI # ore body transportation system is influenced. Meanwhile, due to non-vertical drilling construction, deviation caused by the self weight of the drill bit inevitably exists. In order to ensure accurate positioning, the problem of deviation caused by self weight needs to be solved.

Project construction mode:

and (I) finishing fixed-point work of all the involved roadways in the construction process.

The-466 m powder ore recovery roadway only has one known top plate control point, a control point needs to be randomly made on the top plate to serve as a rear view point, the true north direction is found out through a gyroscope, then the horizontal included angle from the station to the rear view point is measured, and the rear view direction of the known top plate point and the rear view point is calculated through the rear view direction.

Then, the distance and height difference between the known control point (i.e. the set station) and the rear viewpoint are measured, the instrument height of the set station and the target height of the rear viewpoint are measured, and the coordinate values (x, y, z) of the rear viewpoint are calculated. From this, the-466 m fine ore recovery lane was completed at a fixed point.

And (II) correcting the fixed error and unifying the coordinate system.

A-466 m lane is taken as a first lane, a-530 m lane is taken as a second lane, a-383 m coordinate system, i.e. a first coordinate system, a-530 m coordinate system, i.e. a second coordinate system, and a-383 m lane is taken as an intermediate lane. Retesting from a-530 m roadway to a-383 m roadway through two stages:

a first stage, re-logging from-530 m roadway (first node) to-422 m (second node), as shown in fig. 1, the path of which has two passages of a lift shaft 2 and an auxiliary ramp 3, on one hand, conducting a shaft orientation through the lift shaft 2, namely, by hanging down a steel wire from-422 m in the lift shaft 2, erecting instruments from-530 m level drift and-422 m, conducting horizontal coordinate data of a second measuring point of the-530 m level drift to a first measuring point of the-422 m level drift through a shaft orientation mode, and determining a height difference between the two by using a vertical steel ruler; on the other hand, the wire is retested from the-530 m level via the auxiliary ramp 3 to the second measuring point of-422 m. The starting point and the end point of the two times of measurement are the same (namely the first measurement point and the second measurement point), and the coordinate value of the second measurement point in a-530 m coordinate system is obtained through closed adjustment calculation.

In the second stage, two point positions which are mutually seen in a-422 m roadway and are selected in the repeated time of the first stage are respectively used as a station setting point and a rear view point, a plurality of intermediate control points of a-383 m roadway are measured in a linked manner through an auxiliary ramp 3 from-422 m to-383 m to obtain the measured coordinate value of each intermediate control point under a-580 m coordinate system after the repeated measurement, then the converted coordinate value of each intermediate control point in the-580 m coordinate system is calculated by using the known coordinate value conversion formula between the original-383 m coordinate system and the-580 m coordinate system, the deviation between the measured coordinate value and the converted coordinate value of each intermediate control point is obtained, the average value of the deviation of all the intermediate control points is obtained to be used as the fixed error of the current coordinate conversion, and the fixed error is compensated into the original coordinate value conversion formula, and obtaining a new coordinate value conversion formula to achieve the purpose of unifying a-383 m coordinate system and a-580 m coordinate system.

Since the only control point of-466 m is the coordinate value imported by the-383 m gallery coordinate system, the-466 m coordinate system and the-383 m coordinate system can be regarded as the same coordinate system.

Firstly, under a unified coordinate system, obtaining a track formula when the drill bit drills obliquely: as shown in fig. 2, in a vertical plane where the inclined drilling hole is located, a rectangular coordinate system is established with the drilling hole starting position as an origin, the projection vector direction of the drilling hole direction vector in the horizontal plane as the X-axis direction, and the vertical direction as the Y-axis direction, then the inclined drilling hole trajectory is: y = Xtag θ + g (X/(Vcos θ)) 2, where θ is the angle between the drilling construction direction and the horizontal plane, and V is the drilling speed, obtained from the drilling machine power.

And then substituting the height difference between the starting position and the end position as Y and the projection distance between the starting position and the end position in the X-axis direction as X into the trajectory formula, and drilling according to the angle by using the reversely calculated theta as a construction angle.

After the construction angle is corrected in advance, the drilling machine is calibrated for normal construction, and the construction is ensured to be accurate and in place.

In this embodiment, the drilling machine is placed according to the site location, and the drilling point is not at the design starting position. And measuring and calculating the coordinate value of the drilling point position of the drilling machine during the construction on site by using the coordinate data of a gyroscope fixed point of-466 m, introducing a fixed error of coordinate conversion between-530 m and-383 m for correction to obtain the coordinate value of the initial position of the drilling hole, combining the coordinate of the drilling end point position of-530 m, performing back calculation to obtain a guiding azimuth angle and a slope (the azimuth angle refers to the azimuth in the horizontal plane, and the slope refers to the azimuth relative to a vertical line), marking the drilling construction center line and the drilling construction waist line according to the azimuth angle, and guiding the initial construction direction and the slope.

The corrected drilling construction is in place and accurately communicated, and the on-site wall caving and drilling are not carried out. Thereby verifying the authenticity of the fixing error.

The innovation points of the project are as follows:

1. the method has the advantages that the gyroscope reinforcing edge is added on a known control point, the site location can be completed in the-466 m fine ore recovery roadway within 2 hours, the traditional one-well directional point guiding mode is replaced, a large amount of time and manpower and material resources are saved, meanwhile, one-well direction is not needed to be performed through the fine ore recovery well, and the fine ore recovery work is not influenced.

2. The method is characterized in that the existing two sets of coordinate systems are jointly measured, a well directional gyroscope is added for correction, the error correction values of the two coordinate systems are determined, the error correction values are added into the field drilling lofting, and the system error values are determined to be accurate after accurate through verification, so that data support is provided for the subsequent through engineering between the two systems.

3. The parabolic track of the dead weight of the drill bit is added in the non-vertical drilling construction for correction, the construction gradient of the drilling machine is corrected in time, the drilling hole is ensured to be accurately communicated, and a reference basis is provided for the non-vertical drilling construction.

4. Errors of two coordinate systems are verified in two modes, one is from a lifting well to a well orientation and then is jointly detected to be-380 m through an auxiliary slope way, the other is from-530 m to a-380 m main roadway control point through a man-machine well and the auxiliary slope way, the errors of the two coordinate systems obtained through the joint detection of the two ways are subjected to closed adjustment to determine the final errors of the two coordinate systems, and the accuracy of coordinate value correction is ensured.

The economic benefit and the social benefit of the project are as follows:

1. the smooth through of the drill hole provides important reference data for the subsequent single-point guidance dual-coordinate system through engineering construction.

2. And after drilling, the subsequent reverse brushing can form a fine ore recovery self-flowing well, so that fine ore generated by lifting the main vertical well flows to a-530 m chamber automatically, and is cleaned by a forklift after precipitation, and the manual cleaning cost is saved: the yield of powder ore is about 6m each day, 2130m each year after 355 days (10 days of overhaul), 156.25/m for manual cleaning, 14.55/m for forklift cleaning, and 156.25-14.55/m for each year, which is expected to reduce the annual cost savings of 2130= 301821.

3. After the engineering is communicated, the fine ore recovery elevator shaft does not undertake the ore pulling task any more, only the personnel are lifted after the safety transformation, the potential safety hazard is avoided, and great safety benefits are achieved.

4. The method for determining the fixed errors of the two coordinate systems by carrying out weighting correction by the two-way joint measurement can be used for reference of old mining areas shared by various coordinate systems.

5. The calculation method of the non-vertical driller construction deflection curve can be popularized and applied.

Claims

1. An inclined drilling construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

completing fixed-point work of each laneway in the construction process;

thirdly, according to the deviation of the drilling track caused by the self weight of the drill bit, the drilling parameters are adjusted, and then the drilling is started;

in the step (II), setting one of the roadway where the starting position is located and the roadway where the end position is located as a first roadway and the other as a second roadway, wherein coordinate systems where the first roadway and the second roadway are located are respectively a first coordinate system and a second coordinate system;

2. The slant drilling construction method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (one), if a certain lane has only one known control point, the fixed point work of the lane is completed by the following modes:

3. The slant drilling construction method of claim 1, wherein: if more than two different communication channels exist between two nodes in a communication path between the second roadway and the middle roadway, two measuring points, namely a first measuring point and a second measuring point, are respectively selected at the two nodes, then the first measuring point is retested to the second measuring point through the different communication channels, then the coordinate values of the second measuring point which are respectively measured are subjected to closed adjustment calculation, and the calculation result is used as the retested value of the second measuring point.

4. The inclined drilling construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: and (III) firstly, obtaining a track formula when the drill bit drills obliquely under the unified coordinate system, then substituting the relative coordinate value between the initial position and the final position into the formula to obtain a new construction angle, and drilling according to the new construction angle.

5. The slant drilling construction method of claim 4, wherein: when a track formula is established, a rectangular coordinate system is established in a vertical plane where the inclined drilling hole is located by taking the initial drilling position as an original point, taking the projection vector direction of the drilling direction vector in the horizontal plane as the X-axis direction and taking the vertical direction as the Y-axis direction, and then the inclined drilling hole track is as follows: y = Xtag θ + g (X/(Vcos θ)) 2, where θ is the angle between the drilling construction direction and the horizontal plane, and V is the drilling speed;