CN104328799B - A kind of sheltered reverse excavation subway station steel pipe column accurate positioning method - Google Patents

A kind of sheltered reverse excavation subway station steel pipe column accurate positioning method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104328799B
CN104328799B CN201410648052.XA CN201410648052A CN104328799B CN 104328799 B CN104328799 B CN 104328799B CN 201410648052 A CN201410648052 A CN 201410648052A CN 104328799 B CN104328799 B CN 104328799B
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steel pipe
pipe column
steel
positioning
locator
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CN104328799A (en
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朱军军
白冰
郝本峰
炊鹏飞
郭宏智
丁海明
刘伟
冉道平
景兆骥
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China Construction Communications Engineering Group Co Ltd
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China Construction Communications Engineering Group Co Ltd
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/045—Underground structures, e.g. tunnels or galleries, built in the open air or by methods involving disturbance of the ground surface all along the location line; Methods of making them
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/10—Deep foundations
    • E02D27/12—Pile foundations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种盖挖逆作法地铁车站钢管柱精确定位方法，主要包括以下步骤：（1）、钢管柱桩基础施工定位测量，（2）、钻机钻杆垂直度校核测量，（3）、钢管柱定位器的安装及定位测量，（4）钢管柱安装定位。本方法采用测量技术先进的免棱镜电子全站仪联合高精度激光垂准仪，通过测量误差传递分析，并采取归化法等技术措施，可靠的解决了钢管柱施工定位及垂直度校准测量等问题。所要求测量仪器设备能长期循环利用，耗电量极其少，作业现场无垃圾产生，具有经济、环保和节能的特点，社会效益良好。

The invention relates to a method for precise positioning of a steel pipe column in a subway station by a cover-excavation method. , Installation and positioning measurement of the steel pipe column locator, (4) installation and positioning of the steel pipe column. This method adopts a prism-free electronic total station with advanced measurement technology combined with a high-precision laser plummet, through the measurement error transfer analysis, and adopts technical measures such as the naturalization method, it reliably solves the steel pipe column construction positioning and verticality calibration measurement. question. The required measuring instruments and equipment can be recycled for a long time, the power consumption is extremely small, and there is no garbage on the job site. It has the characteristics of economy, environmental protection and energy saving, and has good social benefits.

Description

A kind of sheltered reverse excavation subway station steel pipe column accurate positioning method
Technical field
The invention belongs to building structure construction field, be specifically related to the positioning construction method of subway station steel pipe column.
Background technology
Steel pipe column, with the performance of its excellence, is widely used in the subway station engineering of digging method construction.Steel pipe column construction location is as one of heavy difficult point in sheltered reverse excavation station construction, and its construction surface is narrow, and environment is poor, and positioning accuracy request is high.The location of steel pipe column, end opening adopts steady arm to locate usually, localization method suitable for reading mainly contains: (1) flower basket bolt is located, the interim hook of welding on the steel bushing of steel pipe column top and corresponding absolute altitude, be connected suitable for reading for steel pipe column with steel bushing with 3 ~ 4 steam boat ratchets, located by adjustment flower basket bolt length.(2) shaped steel well cabinet frame is fixed, and shaped steel welds micro actuator adjustment location.(3) between and dado structure suitable for reading at steel pipe column, 4 little lifting jack are installed, by lifting jack, adjustment steel pipe column center suitable for reading.(4) adopt the leading screw symmetry location after four improvement, leading screw band card one end is supported on the ring flange of steel pipe column top, and band holder one end is supported on dado structure.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is: realize the high-precision setting-out requirement of steady arm, guarantee the accurately in place of steel pipe column elevation.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is to provide a kind of sheltered reverse excavation subway station steel pipe column accurate positioning method, comprise the following steps: (1), steel pipe column pile foundation location survey, (2), rig squareness measurement, (3), the location survey of steel pipe column steady arm, (4) erection of steel pipe column location, wherein (3) step specifically comprises: steady arm elevation location, steady arm plane positioning; (4) step specifically comprises: steel pipe column is vertically located, steel pipe column elevation is checked.
Concrete steps are:
(1), steel pipe column pile foundation location survey
Absolute altitude at the bottom of the design plane coordinate at the steel pipe column pile foundation center calculated with drawing and stake, the on-the-spot planimetric position adopting total powerstation-pole coordinates lofting mode to release central pile center, and involve 2 orthogonal lead-in wires by pile center's point, carry out and draw stake, so that often check a heart position in piling construction process;
(2), rig squareness measurement
O place erection total powerstation at an arbitrary position, until drilling rod unsettled static after, total powerstation is under non-prism NP pattern, measure the horizontal range D of instrument to drilling rod center, then bottom survey record drilling rod and the horizontal direction value of top ad-hoc location and zenith distance, thus calculate the projected length of drilling rod at level and vertical direction, and according to the verticality computing formula of the rig derived , calculate rig verticality, if verticality is partially within the scope of permissible value, then piling of can constructing;
(3), the location survey of steel pipe column steady arm
The while that what steel pipe column adopted being upper and lower two ends, localization method is fixed, and pipe column lower end location depends on autonavigator, flower basket bolt fine setting location, upper end;
(3.1) steady arm elevation location
The elevation location of steady arm adopts and hangs steel ruler laying off, and on the ground, steel tape is just being hung on the position near steel pile casting wall, and spirit-leveling instrument is erected at leveling point A and steel pile casting relative intermediate position, to reduce i angle error.Backsight reads the reading a of levelling pole, and forward sight reads the ground reading R of steel ruler on, consider the factors such as the long correction of the chi of steel ruler and temperature correction, the following formula A of computing formula:
(formula A)
After hanging up properly steel ruler at every turn, set up No. 2 spirit-leveling instruments respectively, read on a and R, under calculating R, if the difference under the R calculated for twice is within ± 2mm, then average, then under steel ruler reading R, mark a horizontal line by the survey work of down-hole with surveyor's staff on steel pile casting inwall, we are according to actual conditions here, steel ruler is hung up properly respectively corresponding 4 of steel pile casting tube wall cross axis direction, steel pile casting inwall does horizontal lines mark, mutually to check, controls steady arm installed height mark;
(3.2) steady arm plane positioning
Steady arm plane positioning adopts the downward cultellation method of laser, and concrete cultellation process is as follows:
1) steel plate workbench is placed on steel pile casting place suitable for reading, adopts total powerstation polar method, by the setting-out of the planar central of steady arm point within the scope of the batten on steel plate workbench, and carry out mark;
2) with gauge point on batten for alignment, steel plate workbench sets up wooden tripod and prism, and then adopt naturalization laying off, accurate setting-out goes out a design coordinate of heart point P;
3) prism is removed from pedestal, then laser plummet is placed on pedestal, batten on steel plate workbench is removed, central point is just thrown in down-hole by the cultellation reserved opening on steel plate by laser plummet, for avoiding plumb aligner cultellation visor not vertical error, three directions are changed during each cultellation, if when point position all falls within same point, be namely a heart, otherwise three direction point A, B, C can be produced and form a triangle, now, getting leg-of-mutton circumscribed circle centre point O, is namely a heart, finally, be welded and fixed steady arm, casting concrete;
(4) erection of steel pipe column location
After device concrete to be positioned reaches design strength, carry out the lifting of steel pipe column, bottom steel pipe column, directly embed steady arm, or bottom it, be welded with spacer ferrule embedding steady arm, its pipe end is firmly seated on steady arm cross location-plate, by the bottom of absolute altitude measuring column with the degree of agreement of steady arm;
(4.1) steel pipe column is vertically located
Locate owing to adopting steady arm bottom steel pipe column, top adopts flower basket bolt fine setting, for ensureing the verticality of steel pipe column, only need adopt method shown in (1) step, field lofting goes out steel pipe column center point, and sets up laser plummet on the point of center, open laser target to, make steel pipe column upper and lower center point in same laser beam by adjustment flower basket bolt, then determine steel pipe column and vertically locate errorless;
(4.2) steel pipe column elevation is checked
Adopt the top mark hanging steel ruler method measurement steel pipe column high, compare with design load, check the degree of agreement with steady arm at the bottom of post;
During measurement, spirit-leveling instrument is erected at leveling point A and steel pile casting relative intermediate position, and to reduce i angle error, the reading a of backsight levelling pole and the upper chi reading R of steel tape measured by spirit-leveling instrument on, then read the lower chi reading R corresponding with steel pipe column top planes align place under.If consider the factors such as the long correction of the chi of steel ruler and temperature correction, steel pipe column top absolute altitude computing formula is as follows:
(formula B)
Its construction way is: by total station survey, the drilling rod verticality correcting rig, guarantee the construction quality in pile hole construction pile hole; Utilize elevation survey method, ground elevation is delivered to down-hole, control the design height of steady arm bottom steel pipe column; Then with total powerstation and laser plummet associating setting-out cultellation location, orient the planar central point of steady arm in down-hole, casting concrete fixed locator, reach after design strength until concrete, hang steel pipe column, again go out steel pipe column top planes central point with total powerstation and laser plummet associating setting-out cultellation, two fixing with gaily decorated basket spiral shell, build rim of a cup concrete and steel pipe column inner concrete successively, complete the construction at steel pipe column position.
This method adopts the non-prism electronic total station associating high-precision laser plumb aligner of measuring technique advanced person, analyzed by measuring error transmission, and take the technical measures such as normalization method, solve the problems such as steel pipe column construction location and perpendicularity correction locating tab assembly reliably, and in metro station steel pipe column work progress, obtain successful Application, for similar engineering provides referential engineering survey experience.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is central pile centralized positioning schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is steady arm schematic side view;
Fig. 3 is steady arm schematic top plan view;
Fig. 4 is that steady arm elevation location hangs steel ruler laying off schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is steady arm plane positioning workbench schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is the accurate setting-out schematic diagram of normalization method;
Fig. 7 is total powerstation lofting positioner central point schematic diagram;
Fig. 8 is flower basket bolt location, steel pipe column upper end schematic diagram;
Fig. 9 is laser plumbing method setting-out steel pipe column top central point schematic diagram;
Figure 10 measures steel pipe column top absolute altitude schematic diagram for hanging steel ruler method.
In figure: 1, the stake heart; 2, position line; 3, stake position; 4, timber; 5, diameter 700 steel pipe column; 6, steel pipe column suspension column ring flat-plate; 7, cross steel plate dowel; 8, adjustable junction steel plate; 9, pre-buried installation foot; 10, steel sleeve; 11, drilled pile sideline; 12, reinforced frame; 13, original state soil layer; 14, steel tape; 15, flower basket bolt; 16, steady arm; 17, concrete; 18, spirit-leveling instrument; 19, levelling pole; 20, plate platform; 21, cultellation reserved opening; 22, steel nail; 23, batten; 24, checkpoint C; 25, frame website B; 26, backsight point A; 27, stake position center point P is designed; 28, setting-out stake position center point P '; 29, laser plummet device; 30, prism; 31, steel pile casting place suitable for reading; 32, total powerstation; 33, reference mark; 34, plumb bob; 35, steady arm anchor rib.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with concrete case study on implementation, the present invention is described as follows: as a kind of sheltered reverse excavation subway station steel pipe column accurate positioning method of one embodiment of the present of invention, comprise the following steps: (1), steel pipe column pile foundation location survey, (2), rig squareness measurement, (3), the installation of steel pipe column steady arm and location survey, (4) erection of steel pipe column location, wherein (3) step specifically comprises: steady arm elevation location, steady arm plane positioning; (4) step specifically comprises: steel pipe column is vertically located, steel pipe column elevation is checked.Concrete steps are: 1, steel pipe column pile foundation location survey
Absolute altitude at the bottom of the design plane coordinate at the steel pipe column pile foundation center calculated with drawing and stake, the on-the-spot planimetric position adopting total powerstation-pole coordinates lofting mode to release central pile center, and involve 2 orthogonal lead-in wires by pile center's point, carry out and draw stake, so that often check a heart position in piling construction process.
2, rig squareness measurement
O place erection total powerstation at an arbitrary position, until drilling rod unsettled static after, total powerstation is under non-prism NP pattern, measure the horizontal range D of instrument to drilling rod center, then bottom survey record drilling rod and the horizontal direction value of top ad-hoc location and zenith distance, thus calculate the projected length of drilling rod at level and vertical direction, and according to the verticality computing formula of the rig derived , calculate rig verticality, if verticality is partially within the scope of permissible value, then piling of can constructing.
3, the location survey of steel pipe column steady arm
The while that what the intermediate column (steel pipe column) as one of station agent structure adopted being upper and lower two ends, localization method is fixed.Pipe column lower end location depends on autonavigator, flower basket bolt fine setting location, upper end.
3.1 steady arm elevation location
The elevation location of steady arm adopts and hangs steel ruler laying off, and the instrument mainly used has: the plumb bob, surveyor's staff, marking pen etc. of optical level, levelling pole 1 handle, wooden tripod, 50m steel tape (assay approval), 5kg.Data encasement: the elevation H of on-the-spot level reference mark A a, the design altitude H in the steady arm leveling board face of certain steel pipe column b.
As shown in Figure 4: on the ground, steel tape is just being hung on the position near steel pile casting wall, and spirit-leveling instrument is erected at leveling point A and steel pile casting relative intermediate position, to reduce i angle error.Backsight reads the reading a of levelling pole, and forward sight reads the ground reading R of steel ruler on.Consider the factors such as the long correction of the chi of steel ruler and temperature correction, computing formula is as follows:
(formula 1)
After hanging up properly steel ruler, set up No. 2 spirit-leveling instruments respectively at every turn, read a and R on, calculate R underif, the R calculated for twice underdifference within ± 2mm, then average, then by the survey work of down-hole at steel ruler reading R underplace's surveyor's staff marks a horizontal line on steel pile casting inwall.Here we are according to actual conditions, hang up properly steel ruler respectively, do horizontal lines mark according to above-mentioned way at steel pile casting inwall corresponding 4 of steel pile casting tube wall cross axis direction, mutually to check, control steady arm installed height mark.
3.2 steady arm plane positioning
Steady arm plane positioning adopts the downward cultellation method of laser, and the instrument mainly used has: total powerstation, 3, wooden tripod, and 2 groups, prism, prism centering rod 1 overlaps, laser plummet.
Steady arm cultellation process is as follows:
1) steel plate workbench is placed on steel pile casting place suitable for reading (as shown in Figure 5), steel plate workbench is wanted steadily, and when people walks about above, steel plate workbench can not vibrate.Adopt total powerstation polar method, by the setting-out of the planar central of steady arm point within the scope of the batten on steel plate workbench, and carry out mark.
2) with gauge point on batten for alignment, steel plate workbench sets up wooden tripod and prism, then adopt naturalization laying off (as shown in Figure 6), accurate setting-out goes out a design coordinate of heart point P.
3) prism is removed from pedestal, note in this process keeping off dynamic foot rest, then laser plummet is placed on pedestal, the batten on steel plate workbench is removed, central point is just thrown in down-hole by the cultellation reserved opening on steel plate by laser plummet.For avoiding plumb aligner cultellation visor not vertical error, during each cultellation, change three directions, if when point position all falls within same point, be namely a heart.Otherwise can produce three direction point A, B, C and form a triangle, now, getting leg-of-mutton circumscribed circle centre point O, is namely a heart.Finally, be welded and fixed steady arm, casting concrete.
4 erection of steel pipe column location
After device concrete to be positioned reaches design strength, carry out the lifting of steel pipe column.Directly can embed steady arm bottom steel pipe column, steel pipe column can be welded with spacer ferrule and embed steady arm bottom it, and its pipe end is firmly located on steady arm cross location-plate, by the bottom of absolute altitude measuring column with the degree of agreement of steady arm.
4.1 steel pipe columns are vertically located
Locate owing to adopting steady arm bottom steel pipe column, top adopts flower basket bolt fine setting, for ensureing the verticality of steel pipe column, only need adopt method shown in (1) step, field lofting goes out steel pipe column center point, and sets up laser plummet on the point of center, open laser target to, make steel pipe column upper and lower center point in same laser beam by adjustment flower basket bolt, then determine steel pipe column and vertically locate errorless.
4.2 steel pipe column elevations are checked
Adopt the top mark hanging steel ruler method measurement steel pipe column high, compare with design load, check the degree of agreement with steady arm at the bottom of post.
During measurement, spirit-leveling instrument is erected at leveling point A and steel pile casting relative intermediate position, to reduce i angle error.The reading a of backsight levelling pole and the upper chi reading R of steel tape measured by spirit-leveling instrument on, then read the lower chi reading R corresponding with steel pipe column top planes align place under.If consider the factors such as the long correction of the chi of steel ruler and temperature correction, steel pipe column top absolute altitude computing formula is as follows:
(formula 2)
Its construction way is: by total station survey, the drilling rod verticality correcting rig, guarantee the construction quality in pile hole construction pile hole; Utilize elevation survey method, ground elevation is delivered to down-hole, control the design height of steady arm bottom steel pipe column; Then with total powerstation and laser plummet associating setting-out cultellation location, orient the planar central point of steady arm in down-hole, casting concrete fixed locator, reach after design strength until concrete, hang steel pipe column, again go out steel pipe column top planes central point with total powerstation and laser plummet associating setting-out cultellation, fix with flower basket bolt, build rim of a cup concrete and steel pipe column inner concrete successively, complete the construction at steel pipe column position.
Above-described embodiment is only be described the preferred embodiment of the present invention; not scope of the present invention is limited; under not departing from the present invention and designing the prerequisite of spirit; the various distortion that those of ordinary skill in the art make technical scheme of the present invention and improvement, all should fall in protection domain that claims of the present invention determines.

Claims (1)

1.一种盖挖逆作法地铁车站钢管柱精确定位方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：（1）、钢管柱桩基础施工定位测量，（2）、钻机钻杆垂直度校核测量，（3）、钢管柱定位器定位测量，（4）钢管柱安装定位，其中第（3）步骤钢管柱定位器定位测量具体包括：定位器高程定位、定位器平面定位；第（4）步骤具体包括：钢管柱竖直定位、钢管柱高程复核；1. A method for precise positioning of steel pipe columns in subway stations by cover-excavation method, characterized in that it includes the following steps: (1), construction positioning measurement of steel pipe column pile foundations, (2), check measurement of drilling rig verticality, ( 3) Positioning measurement of the steel pipe column locator, (4) installation and positioning of the steel pipe column, wherein the positioning measurement of the steel pipe column locator in the step (3) specifically includes: the elevation positioning of the locator, the plane positioning of the locator; the step (4) specifically includes : Vertical positioning of steel pipe column, review of steel pipe column elevation; 其中具体步骤为：The specific steps are: （1）、钢管柱桩基础施工定位测量；(1) Construction positioning measurement of steel pipe column pile foundation; 以图纸计算得到的钢管柱桩基础中心的设计平面坐标以及桩底标高，现场采用全站仪-极坐标法放样方式测放中间桩桩心的平面位置，并由桩中心点牵出2根相互垂直的引线，做好引桩，以便于在打桩施工过程中经常复核桩心位置；Based on the design plane coordinates of the center of the steel pipe column pile foundation and the elevation of the pile base calculated on the drawings, the total station-polar coordinate method was used to set out the plane position of the middle pile center on site, and two mutual Vertical lead line, do a good job of leading piles, so that the position of the pile core can be frequently checked during the piling construction process; （2）、钻机钻杆垂直度校核测量；(2) Checking and measuring the verticality of the drill pipe of the drilling rig; 在任意位置O处架设全站仪，待钻杆悬空静止后，全站仪在免棱镜NP模式下，测量出仪器到钻杆中心的水平距离D，然后测量记录钻杆底部和顶部特定位置的水平方向值和天顶距，从而计算出钻杆在水平方向的投影长度S水平和竖直方向的投影长度S竖直，并按照推导出的钻杆的垂直度计算公式，计算钻杆垂直度，若垂直度偏在允许值范围内，则可施工打桩；Set up the total station at any position O. After the drill pipe is suspended in the air, the total station measures the horizontal distance D from the instrument to the center of the drill pipe in the prism-free NP mode, and then measures and records the distance between the bottom and the top of the drill pipe. The horizontal direction value and the zenith distance, so as to calculate the projected length S of the drill pipe in the horizontal direction S and the projected length S vertical in the vertical direction, and follow the deduced verticality calculation formula of the drill pipe , to calculate the verticality of the drill pipe, if the verticality is within the allowable range, piling can be constructed; （3）、钢管柱定位器的定位测量；(3) Positioning measurement of the steel pipe column locator; 钢管柱采用的是上下两端定位法定位，先钢管柱下端定位，后上端定位，钢管柱下端定位主要依赖于自动定位器，上端用花篮螺栓微调定位；The steel pipe column adopts the positioning method of upper and lower ends. First, the lower end of the steel pipe column is positioned, and then the upper end is positioned. The lower end of the steel pipe column mainly depends on the automatic positioner, and the upper end is fine-tuned with the turntable bolt; （3.1）定位器高程定位；(3.1) Elevation positioning of the locator; 定位器的高程定位采用悬挂钢尺放样法，在地面上，钢卷尺正挂于靠近钢护筒壁的位置，水准仪架设在水准点A和钢护筒相对中间位置，以减小i角误差，后视读取水准尺的读数a，前视读取钢尺的地上读数R上，考虑钢尺的尺长改正和温度改正因素，计算公式如下公式A；The height positioning of the locator adopts the hanging steel ruler lofting method. On the ground, the steel tape is hung at a position close to the wall of the steel casing, and the level is erected at the middle position between the benchmark point A and the steel casing to reduce the i-angle error. The reading a of the leveling rod is read from the rear view, and the ground reading R of the steel ruler is read from the front view. Considering the length correction and temperature correction factors of the steel ruler, the calculation formula is as follows: Formula A; （公式A）其中: (Formula A) where: HB是某钢管柱的定位器水平板面的设计高程；H B is the design elevation of the horizontal plate surface of the locator of a certain steel pipe column; HA是A点的高程；H A is the elevation of point A; ΔDl是钢尺的尺长改正数值；ΔD l is the length correction value of the steel ruler; ΔDt是钢尺的温度改正数值；ΔD t is the temperature correction value of the steel ruler; 每次挂好钢尺后，分别架设2次水准仪，读取a和R上，计算出R下，若两次计算出的R下之差在±2mm之内，则取平均值，然后由井下的测工在钢尺读数R下处用水平尺在钢护筒内壁上标记一条水平线，这里我们依据实际情况，在钢护筒管壁十字轴线方向对应4点分别挂好钢尺，钢护筒内壁做水平线标记，以便相互检核，控制定位器安装标高；After hanging the steel ruler each time, set up the level twice respectively, read a and R up , and calculate R down , if the difference between the two calculated R down is within ±2mm, take the average value, and then use the downhole The surveyor uses a level ruler to mark a horizontal line on the inner wall of the steel casing under the reading R of the steel ruler. Here we hang the steel ruler and the steel casing at 4 points corresponding to the cross axis direction of the steel casing wall according to the actual situation. Mark the horizontal line on the inner wall to check each other and control the installation elevation of the locator; （3.2）定位器平面定位；(3.2) Plane positioning of the locator; 定位器平面定位采用激光向下投点法，具体投点过程如下；The plane positioning of the locator adopts the laser downward projection method, and the specific projection process is as follows; 1）把钢板工作平台放置在钢护筒上口处，采用全站仪极坐标法，将定位器的平面中心点放样到钢板工作平台上的木条范围内，并做好标记；1) Place the steel plate working platform on the upper opening of the steel casing, use the polar coordinate method of the total station, stake out the center point of the plane of the locator to the range of wooden strips on the steel plate working platform, and mark it; 2）以木条上标记点为对中点，在钢板工作平台上架设木质三脚架和棱镜，然后采用归化放样法，精确放样出桩心点P的设计坐标；2) Set up a wooden tripod and a prism on the steel plate working platform with the marked point on the wooden bar as the center point, and then use the naturalized lofting method to accurately stake out the design coordinates of the pile center point P; 3）把棱镜从基座上拆下来，然后把激光垂准仪安放在基座上，把钢板工作平台上的木条移开，激光垂准仪就将中心点通过钢板上的投点预留口投在井下，为避免垂准仪投点视镜不铅垂误差，每次投点时变化三个方向，若点位均落于同一点时，即是桩心，否则会产生三个方向点A、B、C并组成一个三角形，此时，取三角形的外接圆圆心点O，即是桩心，最后，焊接固定好定位器，浇筑混凝土；3) Remove the prism from the base, then place the laser plummet on the base, remove the wooden bars on the steel plate working platform, and the laser plummet will pass the center point through the projection point on the steel plate to reserve The mouth is projected in the well. In order to avoid the vertical error of the point sight mirror of the plummet, three directions are changed each time the point is projected. If the points all fall on the same point, it is the pile center, otherwise three directions will be generated. Points A, B, and C form a triangle. At this time, take the center point O of the circumscribed circle of the triangle, which is the pile core. Finally, weld and fix the positioner and pour concrete; （4）钢管柱安装定位；(4) Installation and positioning of steel pipe columns; 待定位器混凝土达到设计强度后，进行钢管柱的吊装，钢管柱底部直接嵌入定位器，或在其底部加焊定位短管嵌入定位器，其管端稳固坐落于定位器十字定位板上，通过标高测定柱底与定位器的吻合程度；After the concrete of the locator reaches the design strength, the steel pipe column is hoisted. The bottom of the steel pipe column is directly embedded in the locator, or a short positioning pipe is welded at the bottom and embedded in the locator. The pipe end is firmly seated on the cross positioning plate of the locator. The height determines the degree of coincidence between the bottom of the column and the locator; （4.1）钢管柱竖直定位；(4.1) Vertical positioning of the steel pipe column; 由于钢管柱底部采用定位器定位，顶部采用花篮螺栓微调，为保证钢管柱的垂直度，只需采用第（1）步骤中所示方法，现场放样出钢管柱中心位置点，并在中心位置点上架设激光垂准仪，打开激光靶向，通过调整花篮螺栓使钢管柱上下中心位置点在同一激光束内，则确定了钢管柱竖直定位无误；Since the bottom of the steel pipe column is positioned by a locator, and the top is fine-tuned by turnbuckle bolts, in order to ensure the verticality of the steel pipe column, it is only necessary to use the method shown in step (1), stake out the center point of the steel pipe column on site, and point Set up the laser vertical collimator, turn on the laser targeting, and adjust the turnbuckle bolts so that the upper and lower center points of the steel pipe column are in the same laser beam, then the vertical positioning of the steel pipe column is confirmed to be correct; （4.2）钢管柱高程复核；(4.2) Steel pipe column elevation review; 采用悬挂钢尺法测量钢管柱的顶标高，与设计值进行比较，检核柱底与定位器的吻合程度；Use the hanging steel ruler method to measure the top elevation of the steel pipe column, compare it with the design value, and check the coincidence degree between the bottom of the column and the locator; 测量时，水准仪架设在水准点A和钢护筒相对中间位置，以减小i角误差，水准仪测出后视水准尺的读数a和钢卷尺的上尺读数R上，然后读取与钢管柱顶平面齐平处对应的下尺读数R下，若考虑钢尺的尺长改正和温度改正因素，钢管柱顶标高计算公式如下：During the measurement, the level instrument is erected at the middle position between the level point A and the steel casing to reduce the i-angle error. Under the reading R of the lower ruler corresponding to the level of the top plane, if the length correction and temperature correction factors of the steel ruler are considered, the calculation formula for the top elevation of the steel pipe column is as follows: （式B） (Formula B) 其施工步序为：用全站仪测量、校正钻机的钻杆垂直度，确保桩孔施工过程中桩孔的施工质量；利用高程联系测量法，把地面高程传递到井下，控制钢管柱底部定位器的设计高度；然后用全站仪和激光垂准仪联合放样投点定位，定位出定位器在井下的平面中心点，浇筑混凝土固定定位器，待混凝土达到设计强度后，吊放钢管柱，再次用全站仪和激光垂准仪联合放样投点出钢管柱顶部平面中心点，用花篮螺栓固定，依次浇筑杯口混凝土和钢管柱内部混凝土，完成钢管柱部位的施工。The construction steps are: use the total station to measure and correct the verticality of the drill pipe of the drilling rig to ensure the construction quality of the pile hole during the pile hole construction process; use the elevation connection measurement method to transmit the ground elevation to the underground to control the positioning of the bottom of the steel pipe column Then use the total station and the laser plummet to stake out and position the point, locate the plane center point of the locator in the underground, pour concrete to fix the locator, and hang the steel pipe column after the concrete reaches the design strength. The center point of the top plane of the steel pipe column is obtained by using the total station and the laser plummet once again, and fixed with turnbuckle bolts. The concrete at the mouth of the cup and the concrete inside the steel pipe column are poured in sequence to complete the construction of the steel pipe column.
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