CN105716575B - A kind of Tunnel Engineering hole inner plane controls net method for fast measuring - Google Patents
A kind of Tunnel Engineering hole inner plane controls net method for fast measuring Download PDFInfo
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- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
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- G01C7/06—Tracing profiles of cavities, e.g. tunnels
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Abstract
The invention belongs to Tunnel Engineering to control field of measuring technique, and in particular to a kind of method for fast measuring that horizontal control network is established in Tunnel Engineering hole solves the problems, such as that Traditional control net work operations amount is big, low efficiency.It is characterized in that total station is set up on control point outside hole when control net translocation inside and outside hole, total station is erected at medium position between 2 control points that bilateral symmetry is laid when measuring in hole, horizontal angle, vertical angle and oblique distance between adjacent control points all around are observed, all survey stations observation data form horizontal control networks.It is minimum by horizontal Effect of Refraction that the invention has the following beneficial effects: angular observations；In the completely identical in structure situation of traverse net, station method traverse net is set using centre and improves 60% or more than traditional approach working efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Tunnel Engineering to control field of measuring technique, and in particular to a kind of Tunnel Engineering hole inner plane controls net
Method for fast measuring.
Background technique
In order to guarantee tunnel midline plane penetrating accuracy, it is necessary to be established on the basis of control net outside hole and control net in hole.One
As in Tunnel Engineering hole space interfered than narrow, in work progress big, sighting condition is poor, therefore inner plane control net in hole is often adopted
With the flexible traverse net of laying.
Traditional hole inside conductor is frequently with close ring traverse net.Advantage is that have redundancy observation, can organize cyclic closure condition,
The disadvantage is that fieldwork observation amount is big, and it is inefficient, it is generally used for controlling measurement in the hole of major long tunnel.
Close ring traverse net measurement method is as follows in traditional hole:
1, total station is set up on the A of hole control point, is used as survey station after centering leveling, is set up base on the B of control point outside hole
Seat prism group is used as backsight after centering leveling, pedestal prism group is set up on control point 1,2 in hole, before being used as after centering leveling
Depending on.
2, start to read live temperature, air pressure, humidity parameter when measurement, be input in total station and carry out ranging achievement automatically
Correction.
3, observation process uses method of direction observation.Upper semiobservation observes control point B outside hole, control point 1, hole in hole clockwise
Interior control point 2 and zero direction Ji Dongwai control point B, lower semiobservation are observed counterclockwise.It is required that it is same once to sight prism centers
When measurement angle and distance.
4, successively all control points (A, 1,2,3 ..., 9) on set up total station be used as survey station, observation it is ipsilateral with survey station
Adjacent 2 control points in front and back, control point, specific translocation in translocation survey station opposite side rear or front hole when needing to form close ring
Which point will be no more than 4~6 sides according to close ring number of edges to determine, ultimately form close ring traverse net, as shown in Figure 1, figure
Intermediate cam indicates control point outside hole, and dot indicates control point in hole, and two-wire indicates known side, and single line indicates observation side, close ring
Number is labeled in circle, and close ring is generally made of 4~6 sides.
With the universal use of servo type total station, automatic Observation is carried out using (ATR) technology is sighted automatically, is not only reduced
The working strength of survey crew, while observation time is shortened, accuracy of observation is also improved, therefore hole inside conductor net occurs
Cross-wire web form, as shown in Fig. 2, figure intermediate cam indicates control point outside hole, dot indicates that hole inside conductor point, two-wire indicate
Know side, side is observed in unilateral expression, and close ring number marks in circle, and close ring is generally made of 4 sides.
Cross-wire net is characterized in that in addition to hole in control point and hole outside the last one control point that survey station is seen simultaneously in hole
2 pairs of adjacent control points of front and back are surveyed, advantage is: every 4 sides can form a close ring, in the measuring point of identical quantity
Cross-wire net close ring number of combinations significantly enhances control net discovery rough error and resistance far more than close ring traverse net
The ability of rough error improves the reliability of Measurement results.The disadvantage is that: each control point is both needed to set up Setting Station of Total Station Instrument observation,
And each station observed quantity is than about 1 times of the increase of close ring traverse net.The factors shadow such as big is interfered in often poor by sighting condition in hole, construction
It rings, causes loop closure to transfinite, it is necessary to do over again and resurvey.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes one kind to solve Tunnel Engineering hole inner plane control net traverse survey efficiency and precision problem
Method for fast measuring.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical scheme:
Tunnel Engineering hole inner plane controls net method for fast measuring, it is characterised in that inside and outside hole when control net translocation outside hole
Total station is set up on control point, total station is erected at medium position between 2 control points that bilateral symmetry is laid when measuring in hole,
Horizontal angle, vertical angle and oblique distance between adjacent control points all around are observed, all survey stations observation data form horizontal control networks.
Specific step is as follows:
1) point arrangement,
Control point is distributed at left and right sides of tunnel middle line and lays by symmetric mode in hole, the left and right in same section mileage
2 control points referred to as point pair；
2) survey station tissue,
(1) total station is set up on hole control point (A), is used as survey station, control point (B) restocking outside hole after centering leveling
If prism as backsight, sets up prism on control point II (2) in control point I (1) and hole in symmetrical hole and is used as forward sight, sight altogether
Survey 3 points；
(2) successively in point in hole, medium position sets up total station between, is not necessarily to centering, therefore, control point I in hole
(1) and in the hole in hole between control point II (2) the 1st survey station will observe 5 points i.e. hole control point (A), symmetrical hole internal control
Control point II (2) in system I (1) of point and hole, control point IV (4), the control point in hole in control point III (3) and hole in symmetrical hole
The 2nd survey station will observe control point I (1) and hole in the i.e. symmetrical hole of 6 points in hole in III (3) and hole between control point IV (4)
Control point IV (4) in control point III (3) and hole in interior control point II (2), symmetrical hole, in symmetrical hole control point V (5) and
Control point VI (6) in hole；..., the hole in most latter two symmetrical hole in control point Ⅸ (9) and hole between control point Ⅹ (10)
Interior the last leg will observe in the i.e. symmetrical hole of 4 points control point VIII (8) in control point VII (7) and hole, control in symmetrical hole
Control point Ⅹ (10) in Ⅸ (9) of point and hole；
3), data observation,
(1) it is high to measure instrument, instrument height refers to after total station leveling total station horizontal axis to the vertical height between the top surface of control point
Degree measures instrument height from the amount of control point top surface on control point outside hole when erection Setting Station of Total Station Instrument, point sets middle frame in hole
0m is uniformly set as without measurement when Setting Station of Total Station Instrument；
(2) mirror height is measured, mirror height refers to prism centers to the vertical height between the top surface of control point, and each station starts to measure
The mirror at the preceding whole control points for measuring the observation of this survey station is high；
(3) each survey station start before measurement must measure field temperature, air pressure, humidity, be input in total station automatically into
The correction of row ranging achievement；
(4) aim at and trigger one-shot measurement after the prism centers that are erected on control point, at the same recording level angle, vertical angle,
Oblique distance three readings；
(5) observation process requires to carry out according to method of direction observation, and position number, accuracy of observation and limit are poor, zero direction, are zeroed
Observation etc. is determined according to industry standard, measurement grade；
(6) it after completing all position number observations, checks fieldwork observation precision index, does over again and resurvey when unqualified, after qualified
Next survey station is adjourned, until completing all survey station observations.
The method of data processing after completing step " 3) data observation " are as follows:
(1) take the observation statistical average of each survey station each survey time as final observing buoy；
(2) it calculates and is put down between survey station and each measuring point away from horizontal angle between, height difference and measuring point, and be that origin calculates survey using survey station
Point coordinate；
(3) orientation between two o'clock is calculated by measuring point coordinate, is flat away from, height difference, mentioned according to different conductor net networking condition
Required data are taken to form equivalent observation data.
The present invention has the following beneficial effects: compared with the prior art
(1) control point uses point to be laid in tunnel middle line two sides to form in hole, and total station is erected at a little to middle part tunnel
Midline position makes angle measurement minimum by horizontal Effect of Refraction.
(2) in the completely identical in structure situation of traverse net, station method conducting wire is set than traditional approach working efficiency using centre
Improve 60% or more.
By taking Fig. 1 as an example, using close ring conducting wire net mode: each survey station observes 2 measuring points, sight when needing to form close ring
Survey 3 points, left and right sets station for 2 times and removes after coincidence point 4 measuring points of actual observation, using cross-wire net mode: each survey station
Observe 4 measuring points, left and right sets station for 2 times and removes after coincidence point 4 measuring points of actual observation, and sets station method traverse net side using centre
Formula: once setting station can be completed the observation of 6 points.
(3) the intermediate station method traverse net observation data that set form cross-wire network data, in close ring angular error of closure, overall length
After relatively closed difference is met the requirements, using tight method compensating computation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is existing close ring traverse net,
Fig. 2 is existing cross-wire net,
Fig. 3, which is that the present invention is intermediate, sets station method traverse net observation chart
Fig. 4, which is that the present invention is intermediate, sets station method Traverse Network Adjustment figure,
Fig. 5 is to set station method traverse net observation chart among embodiment,
Fig. 6 is to set station method Traverse Network Adjustment figure among embodiment.
In figure: known point outside the hole △, 1 hole inside conductor point set station location among ◎ ,=known side ,-observation side (angle,
Distance) ,+observation side (only distance), 1., 2., 3. ... close ring serial number, the centre C1, C2, C3 ... set station serial number.
Specific embodiment
Tunnel Engineering hole inner plane controls net method for fast measuring, it is characterised in that inside and outside hole when control net translocation outside hole
Total station is set up on control point, total station is erected at medium position between 2 control points that bilateral symmetry is laid when measuring in hole,
Horizontal angle, vertical angle and oblique distance between adjacent control points all around are observed, all survey stations observation data form horizontal control networks.
Specific step is as follows:
1) point arrangement,
Control point is distributed at left and right sides of tunnel middle line and lays by symmetric mode in hole, the left and right in same section mileage
2 control points referred to as point pair；
2) survey station tissue,
(1) total station is set up on hole control point (A), is used as survey station, control point (B) restocking outside hole after centering leveling
If prism as backsight, sets up prism on control point II (2) in control point I (1) and hole in symmetrical hole and is used as forward sight, sight altogether
Survey 3 points；
(2) successively in point in hole, medium position sets up total station between, is not necessarily to centering, therefore, control point I in hole
(1) and in the hole in hole between control point II (2) the 1st survey station will observe 5 points i.e. hole control point (A), symmetrical hole internal control
Control point II (2) in system I (1) of point and hole, control point IV (4), the control point in hole in control point III (3) and hole in symmetrical hole
The 2nd survey station will observe control point I (1) and hole in the i.e. symmetrical hole of 6 points in hole in III (3) and hole between control point IV (4)
Control point IV (4) in control point III (3) and hole in interior control point II (2), symmetrical hole, in symmetrical hole control point V (5) and
Control point VI (6) in hole；..., the hole in most latter two symmetrical hole in control point Ⅸ (9) and hole between control point Ⅹ (10)
Interior the last leg will observe in the i.e. symmetrical hole of 4 points control point VIII (8) in control point VII (7) and hole, control in symmetrical hole
Control point Ⅹ (10) in Ⅸ (9) of point and hole；
3), data observation,
(1) it is high to measure instrument, instrument height refers to after total station leveling total station horizontal axis to the vertical height between the top surface of control point
Degree measures instrument height from the amount of control point top surface on control point outside hole when erection Setting Station of Total Station Instrument, point sets middle frame in hole
0m is uniformly set as without measurement when Setting Station of Total Station Instrument；
(2) mirror height is measured, mirror height refers to prism centers to the vertical height between the top surface of control point, and each station starts to measure
The mirror at the preceding whole control points for measuring the observation of this survey station is high；
(3) each survey station start before measurement must measure field temperature, air pressure, humidity, be input in total station automatically into
The correction of row ranging achievement；
(4) aim at and trigger one-shot measurement after the prism centers that are erected on control point, at the same recording level angle, vertical angle,
Oblique distance three readings；
(5) observation process requires to carry out according to method of direction observation, and position number, accuracy of observation and limit are poor, zero direction, are zeroed
Observation etc. is determined according to industry standard, measurement grade；
(6) it after completing all position number observations, checks fieldwork observation precision index, does over again and resurvey when unqualified, after qualified
Next survey station is adjourned, until completing all survey station observations.
The method of data processing after completing step " 3) data observation " are as follows:
(1) take the observation statistical average of each survey station each survey time as final observing buoy；
(2) it calculates and is put down between survey station and each measuring point away from horizontal angle between, height difference and measuring point, and be that origin calculates survey using survey station
Point coordinate；
(3) orientation between two o'clock is calculated by measuring point coordinate, is flat away from, height difference, mentioned according to different conductor net networking condition
Required data are taken to form equivalent observation data.
Embodiment: apply and succeed in applicant's project according to the above inventive method.Certain railway tunnel
2.1 kilometers of overall length, import is located at straightway, and other parts are located at curved section, sets station method conducting wire according to centre after tunnel holing through
Net is surveyed and has set horizontal control network.In tunnel entrance, the control point GPS outside the hole of translocation respectively is exported, forms rising for hole inside conductor net
It calculates and closure condition, hole inside conductor point bilateral symmetry is laid, consecutive points spacing buries 40 point groups between 100~150 meters altogether
At 20 points pair.
According to existing " railroad engineering survey specification " TB10101-2009 relevant regulations, inside conductor control net in hole is third leads
Line, main technical requirements are shown in Table 1, the main technical requirements of traverse survey.
Fieldwork observation uses Leica TCRP1201+ total station, angle measurement accuracy 1.0 ", range accuracy 1mm+1ppm, every survey
It stands 6 survey time of observation.
Tunnel control net sets station method traverse net according to centre and carries out fieldwork observation (Fig. 4), is calculated according to fieldwork observation achievement
Conversion forms adjustment file (Fig. 5) after survey station coordinate, forms 1 between control net inlet and outlet and is led by conforming to of forming of 24 points
Line, conducting wire conform to precision and are shown in Table 2, form 39 quadrangle close rings, and ring closure accuracy is shown in Table 3.
2 loop closure of table checks table
Connecting traverse: orientation mis-tie misclosure -3.5 ", it is poor to meet limit=16.9 " it requires；2.406 kilometers of conducting wire overall length,
0.0231 meter of coordinate mis-tie misclosure, conducting wire relative closing error of extreme length is 1/104307, meets the requirement of specification 1/55000.
3 ring closure accuracy of table
Close ring: 39, angular error of closure average value 2.1 ", maximum value 7.1 " and, meet specification 7.2 and " require；Coordinate closure
Poor average value 1.4mm, maximum value 4.2mm, overall length relative coordinate mis-tie misclosure are respectively less than 1/1000000, meet specification 1/55000 and want
It asks.
Traverse net mean square error of angle observation< specification 1.8 " requires.
Wherein:
N-closing of polygon ring number；
fβ- conductor loop angular error of closure (")；
N-calculating fβWhen corresponding survey station number.
Hole inner plane controls net conducting wire and presses variance components estimate mode rigorous adjustment, and mean square error of a point is averaged 1.35mm, most
(D38 to D40) meets the requirement of specification 1/150000 apart from the phase error of centralization 1/275000 on weak side.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of Tunnel Engineering hole inner plane controls net method for fast measuring, it is characterised in that in hole when control net translocation inside and outside hole
Total station is set up on outer control point, total station is erected at middle position between 2 control points that bilateral symmetry is laid when measuring in hole
It sets, observes horizontal angle, vertical angle and oblique distance between adjacent control points all around, all survey stations observation data form plane controls
Net,
Steps are as follows:
1) point arrangement,
Control point is distributed at left and right sides of tunnel middle line and lays by symmetric mode in hole, the left and right in same section mileage 2
Control point referred to as point pair, consecutive points spacing is between 100~150 meters；
2) survey station tissue,
(1) total station is set up on hole control point (A), is used as survey station after centering leveling, is set up rib on control point (B) outside hole
Mirror sets up prism as forward sight on control point II (2) in control point I (1) and hole in symmetrical hole, observes 3 altogether as backsight
A point；
(2) successively in hole point between medium position set up total station, be not necessarily to centering, therefore, in hole control point I (1) and
The 1st survey station will observe 5 points i.e. hole control point (A) in hole in hole between control point II (2), in symmetrical hole control point I
(1) control point II (2) and in hole, control point IV (4), the control point III (3) in hole in control point III (3) and hole in symmetrical hole
And the 2nd survey station will be observed in the i.e. symmetrical hole of 6 points and be controlled in control point I (1) and hole in the hole in hole between control point IV (4)
II (2) of point, control point IV (4) in control point III (3) and hole, control point V (5) and hole internal control in symmetrical hole in symmetrical hole
VI (6) of system point；..., it is last in the hole in most latter two symmetrical hole in control point Ⅸ (9) and hole between control point Ⅹ (10)
One station will observe in the i.e. symmetrical hole of 4 points that control point VIII (8) in control point VII (7) and hole, in symmetrical hole control point Ⅸ (9)
With control point Ⅹ (10) in hole；
3), data observation,
(1) it is high to measure instrument, instrument height refers to after total station leveling total station horizontal axis to the vertical height between the top surface of control point, In
Instrument height is measured when setting up Setting Station of Total Station Instrument outside hole on control point from the amount of control point top surface, point sets total station to middle frame in hole
If being uniformly set as 0m without measurement when standing；
(2) mirror height is measured, mirror height refers to prism centers to the vertical height between the top surface of control point, and each station starts to measure preceding amount
The mirror at the whole control points for taking this survey station to observe is high；
(3) each survey station starts necessary measure field temperature, air pressure, humidity before measurement, is input in total station and is surveyed automatically
Correction away from achievement；
(4) one-shot measurement, while recording level angle, vertical angle, oblique distance are triggered after aiming at the prism centers being erected on control point
Three readings；
(5) observation process requires to carry out according to method of direction observation, and position number, accuracy of observation and limit are poor, direction of being zeroed, zero observation
It is determined Deng according to industry standard, measurement grade；
(6) it after completing all position number observations, checks fieldwork observation precision index, does over again and resurvey when unqualified, adjourned after qualified
Next survey station, until completing all survey station observations.
2. a kind of Tunnel Engineering hole inner plane according to claim 1 controls net method for fast measuring, it is characterised in that complete
At the method for the data processing after step " 3) data observation " are as follows:
(1) take the observation statistical average of each survey station each survey time as final observing buoy；
(2) it calculates and is put down between survey station and each measuring point away from horizontal angle between, height difference and measuring point, and be that origin calculates measuring point seat using survey station
Mark；
(3) orientation between two o'clock is calculated by measuring point coordinate, is flat away from, height difference, extracting institute according to different conductor net networking condition
Data are needed to form equivalent observation data.
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| CN106092068B (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2019-01-29 | 中矿金业股份有限公司 | Misalign the measuring system and measurement method of traverse survey tested point coordinate |
| CN106840066A (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2017-06-13 | 武汉大学 | A kind of long distance tunnel internal precision horizontal control network net type |
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| CN109446497A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-08 | 中国水利水电第四工程局有限公司 | One kind is grown up tunnel traverse survey record and data processing method |
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| CN110375721B (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2021-07-06 | 中交二航局第四工程有限公司 | Method for precise three-dimensional positioning of high tower top structure |
| CN111006639A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-04-14 | 江苏苏州地质工程勘察院 | Interval tunnel penetration measurement method |
| CN111693021B (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2022-08-02 | 中铁六局集团有限公司 | Checking method for wire points in tunnel hole |
| CN111927557B (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2021-01-12 | 北京龙软科技股份有限公司 | Automatic measuring method and network system for measuring robot of mine fully mechanized coal mining face |
| CN113532399B (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2022-12-02 | 上海宝冶集团有限公司 | Multi-target observation control measurement method in tunnel |
| CN114111735B (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2024-03-29 | 上海市基础工程集团有限公司 | High-precision control measurement method for shield tunnel in scientific experiment |
| CN114543772B (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-07-08 | 中交第一航务工程局有限公司 | In-tunnel and out-tunnel contact measurement method of immersed tunnel and double-tunnel point-throwing contact measurement method |
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