CN1699922A - Method and device for measuring spatial parameters of forest - Google Patents

Method and device for measuring spatial parameters of forest Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1699922A
CN1699922A CN 200510010864 CN200510010864A CN1699922A CN 1699922 A CN1699922 A CN 1699922A CN 200510010864 CN200510010864 CN 200510010864 CN 200510010864 A CN200510010864 A CN 200510010864A CN 1699922 A CN1699922 A CN 1699922A
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base
height
point
tree
panel
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鄢前飞
李斌生
习建国
董志昆
王顺民
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Yunnan Forestry Technological College
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Yunnan Forestry Technological College
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Abstract

The invention discloses a jungle spacing parameter measuring method and apparatus consisting: A. using scale plate to ascertain basic height H, base and fixed height H, fix point; B: choosing observation point O; C: measuring basic height H, base, fixed height H, fix point and sight magnetic dip theta basic point, theta fix point, theta top point on tree's top H; D: accounting horizontal distance D, height of tree H, altitude difference h and height altitude i by the principle of triangle. The apparatus has frame construction comprising dial plate (1) wherein is observation window and crosshair (3); backing deal wherein is spectacle observation window (4) with rule (5) and activity index line (6) on the flank. The apparatus can do simultaneous measurement with multiple parameters.

Description

A kind of forest spatial parameter measuring method and device thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to and measure the equipment technology field, the measurement that relates to the standing tree height of tree in the forestry and face spatial parameter mutually is specifically related to method and device thereof that a kind of forest spatial parameter is measured.
Background technology
The measurement of standing tree height is one of work the most basic in forest inventory investigation and the operation control and task.The little volume of timber to measuring and calculating one strain standing tree, big accumulation to investigation standing forest, a slice forest, the height that all must measure standing tree just can obtain.When the standing tree height of tree is measured,, can directly use tape measure, measurement line rod etc. directly to measure its height for shorter trees.Yet most forest (more than 10 meters) all can not be measured with direct method for measuring, and can only adopt certain method to measure the height of standing tree indirectly by certain instrument or instrument.The method of the indirect determination standing tree height of tree has two kinds of geometry method and trigonometry methods.The former is as Christon (Christen) height finder and Wei Sai (Weise) height finder etc.The latter such as Bo Lulaisi (Blume-Leiss) height finder, Ha Ge (Haga) height finder, hand level etc.
More than in several height finders, from precision, work efficiency with manipulate the aspect and weigh, first-elected Bo Lulaisi height finder, so mostly the height finder of the upward general employed measurement trees of investigation of forestry at present and production (standing tree of living) height is application Pu Lulaisi height finder principle and makes, CGQ-1 type direct-reading height finder for example, height finders such as BQL 9 type height finders, S2C-110 type height finder and BQL-1 type etc.The Pu Lulaisi height finder utilizes trigonometric measuring and calculating principle, by mechanical angle measurement, manually measures the horizontal range (15m, 20m, 30m etc.) of certain-length, thereby reads to calculate height of tree value.Though this instrument simple structure, light, precision is not high, and requires to measure the certain level distance, and workload is big, and is cumbersome, especially steep in the gradient, rise and fall big, the mountain region of dense vegetation, difficult especially, even can't observe.In recent years, China forest-science worker has also done many researchs and improvement to traditional height finder, as the not set a distance height finder of Fushun Municipal Forestry Bureau, the comprehensive dendrometer of Zhoukou Prefecture, Henan Province forestry bureau Liu Zhongshan development, Xuzhou height finder factory had produced SRC-110 type height finder in 1992, nineteen ninety-five Shandong woods school developed a kind of former novel height finder etc.But eventually because of instrument in structure, performance, the deficiency of aspects such as operation and can popularization and application.With regard to horizontal range is measured, sampling point lead-in wire location, trees need horizontal range to measure apart from judgement, height of tree measurement, area estimation etc. in the forestry, traditional method is directly to measure with tape measure, but owing to be subjected to the influence of landform, vegetation, and tape measure is directly measured each range finding limited length, and is very inconvenient.If adopt advanced infrared ray, supersonic range finder such as laser range finder LBR series, Ying Baisi handheld laser distance measuring instrument family, DISTO hand-held laser rangefinder and ultrasonic range finder etc., popularize and promote but be difficult in system for forestry owing to costing an arm and a leg.With regard to the discrepancy in elevation, slope measuring, topographical surveying in the forestry, forest highway is put sloping selection measurement, and the gradient and the discrepancy in elevation all are the important measurement factors.The method and apparatus that uses mainly is transit, spirit-leveling instrument and box compass at present.Comprehensively above-mentioned, also there be not a kind of method and device thereof that the comprehensive spatial parameter of forests such as the height of tree, horizontal range, the discrepancy in elevation and the gradient is measured of measuring simultaneously in the forestry at present, be unfavorable for the performance of production of forestry power and the saving of financial cost.For this reason, the inventor has developed a kind of measuring method and the device thereof that can measure spatial parameters such as standing tree height, horizontal range, the discrepancy in elevation and the gradient simultaneously through studying for a long period of time and putting into practice, evidence, and effect is good.
The invention scheme
First purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that can measure the forest spatial parameter measurement of standing tree height, horizontal range, the discrepancy in elevation and the gradient simultaneously.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of device of realizing said method.
First purpose of the present invention is achieved in that the inventive method is the measurement of dip angle method, and it comprises the following steps: successively
A, on the standing tree trunk, determine basic high H with scale BaseWith fixing high H Gu
B, selected arbitrarily a bit as observation station O around measured tree.
C, at the O point high H of Fundamentals of Measurement respectively BasePoint, fixing high H GuThe sight line inclination angle [theta] that point and treetop H are ordered Base, θ Gu, θ Incline
D, according to the triangle principle:
High and the fixing high separation delta H=H in basis Gu-H Base=D (tg θ Gu-tg θ Base), so
Horizontal range D=Δ H/ (tg θ Gu-tg θ Base)
Height of tree H=D (tg θ The top-tg θ Base)+H Base
Discrepancy in elevation h=Dtg θ Base+ H Eye-H Base(H EyeFor observer's eye high)
Because the growing environment of forest is complicated and changeable, the base portion of trunk is often blocked by weeds, shrub or other barrier, so be difficult for seeing the base portion of trees sometimes.For fear of can't see the tree angle error that base portion brought, can the high H of Fundamentals of Measurement will be made as apart from the usage tree root certain altitude Base, promptly set the basis inclinations measurement and change distance tree base portion certain altitude (the basic high H of place into Base) inclination angle [theta] BaseMeasurement, height of tree H equals result of calculation and adds basic high H BaseGet final product.
Another object of the present invention is achieved in that apparatus of the present invention are closed-in construction, comprises front panel, rear panel and upper and lower web joint.Last lower connecting plate connects the two ends of front and back panel respectively.Front panel is provided with observation window and spider line; Rear panel is provided with the image observation window, and the side of view window is provided with rule, and the activity indicators line can slide up and down along view window; The central point of rear panel high scale chi (O point) is concordant with spider line center on the front panel, rule make progress along the center annotation on the occasion of, downwards annotation is a negative value; Annotation inclination angle, rule left side value θ, the tangent value tg θ of this inclination angle correspondence of the right annotation.One side of rear panel is provided with the vertical bar that freely swings.
3 measurement of dip angle methods of the inventive method meaning turn round and look at name and conceive the inclination of sighting line angle value that only need measure three observation point exactly, just can obtain the trees spatial parameter that level distance, the height of tree, the discrepancy in elevation, the gradient etc. need.Because of the inventive method does not need to measure the distance of tree base portion apart from measuring point, thereby reduced measuring error, improved the measuring accuracy of the height of tree, simultaneously can multiparameter (height of tree, level distance, the discrepancy in elevation, the gradient) etc. measurement simultaneously, be to achieve many things at one stroke.The apparatus structure of being invented is simple, and is easy for operation, measuring accuracy height not only, and be easy to popularize, be easy to carry, be the desirable survey instrument of forest survey.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the present invention's method measuring process synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the present invention's apparatus structure three-dimensional view;
Fig. 3 looks synoptic diagram for surveying the rule master in the panel after Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is Fig. 2 panel direction perspective diagram afterwards.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the inventive method comprises the following steps: successively
A, on the standing tree trunk, determine basic high H with scale BaseWith fixing high H Gu
B, selected arbitrarily a bit as observation station O around measured tree.
C, at the O point high H of Fundamentals of Measurement respectively BasePoint, fixing high H GuThe sight line inclination angle [theta] that point and treetop H are ordered Base, θ Gu, θ The top
D, according to the triangle principle:
High and the fixing high separation delta H=H in basis Gu-H Base=D (tg θ Gu-tg θ Base), so
Horizontal range D=Δ H/ (tg θ Gu-tg θ Base)
Height of tree H=D (tg θ The top-tg θ Base)+H Base
Discrepancy in elevation h=Dtg θ Base+ H Eye-H Base(H EyeFor observer's eye high)
Figure A20051001086400071
For the convenience on measuring, general H BaseBe 0-1.0m, H GuBe 1.5-2.5m.When the gradient is mild, broad view can be seen tree during base portion, H BaseBe decided to be 0, can simplify calculating.
Embodiment 1
H BaseBe 0m, H GuBe 1m.
According to the triangle principle: Δ H=H Gu-H Base=1=D (tg θ Gu-tg θ Base),
Calculated level distance D=1/ (tg θ Gu-tg θ Base)
Calculate height of tree H=D (tg θ The top-tg θ Base)
=(tg θ The top-tg θ Base)/(tg θ Gu-tg θ Base)
Calculate discrepancy in elevation h=Dtg θ Base+ H Eye
=tg θ Base/ (tg θ Gu-tg θ Base)+H Eye
Embodiment 2
H BaseBe 0.5m, H GuBe 1.5m.
According to the triangle principle: Δ H=H Gu-H Base=1=D (tg θ Gu-tg θ Base),
Calculated level distance D=1/ (tg θ Gu-tg θ Base)
Calculate height of tree H=D (tg θ The top-tg θ Base)+H Base
=(tg θ The top-tg θ Base)/(tg θ Gu-tg θ Base)+0.5m
Calculate discrepancy in elevation h=Dtg θ Base+ H Eye-H Base
=tg θ Base/ (tg θ Gu-tg θ Base)+H Eye-0.5m
Figure A20051001086400081
Embodiment 3
H BaseBe 0.7m, H GuBe 2.0m.
According to the triangle principle: Δ H=H Gu-H Base=1.3=D (tg θ Gu-tg θ Base),
Calculated level distance D=1.3/ (tg θ Gu-tg θ Base)
Calculate height of tree H=D (tg θ The top-tg θ Base)+H Base
=1.3 * (tg θ The top-tg θ Base)/(tg θ Gu-tg θ Base)+0.7m
Calculate discrepancy in elevation h=Dtg θ Base+ H Eye-H Base
=1.3 * tg θ Base/ (tg θ Gu-tg θ Base)+H Eye-0.5m
Shown in Fig. 2-4, apparatus of the present invention are closed-in construction, comprise front panel 1, rear panel 2 and upper and lower web joint.Last lower connecting plate 3,4 connects the two ends of front and back panel 1,2 respectively.Front panel 1 is provided with observation window and spider line 3; Rear panel is provided with image observation window 4, and the side of view window is provided with rule 5, and activity indicators line 6 can slide up and down along view window; The central point (zero point) of rear panel 2 high scale chis is concordant with spider line 3 centers on the front panel, and the annotation that makes progress along the center is a negative value, downwards annotation be on the occasion of; One side of rear panel is provided with the vertical bar 7 that freely swings, and the upper edge of the top of vertical bar 7 and rear panel 2 is movably hinged.
As embodiment, the distance between the front and back panel 1,2 is 10cm.
The actual measurement contrast:
With height of tree experiment is example, on a certain buildings one side walls, identify actual several height values replace certain height of tree as true value true value with tape measure, survey high method and tilt-angle method with Bo Lulaisi respectively then, calculate " height of tree " value of several identification points, results of measuring such as following table, wherein, table 1 is 3 tilt-angle method measurement parameters of the present invention and height of tree reckoner, and the inventive method can multi parameter simultaneous measuring.Table 2 is surveyed high method measuring accuracy contrast table for 3 tilt-angle methods of the present invention and Bo Lulaisi, and the result shows that the measuring accuracy of the inventive method is higher than the measuring accuracy that Bo Lulaisi surveys high method.
3 tilt-angle method measurement parameters of table 1 the present invention and height of tree reckoner
Title The high point in basis Fixing high point The treetop point Trees spatial parameter calculated value Actual height of tree value Height of tree error
??H Base ??θ Base ??H Gu ??θ Gu ??θ The top Horizontal range D (m) Height of tree H (m) Discrepancy in elevation h (m) Gradient i (°)
??1 ??0 ??-8° ??2 ??6° ??44° ??8.13 ??9.00 ??0.474 ??3.3 ??9.0 ??0
??2 ??0.7 ??-15 ??° ??1.7 ??-10 ??° ??21° ??10.87 ??7.79 ??-1.993 ??-10.3 ??8.0 ??-0.21
??3 ??0.5 ??-2° ??2 ??5° ??35° ??12.30 ??9.54 ??0.690 ??3.2 ??10.0 ??-0.46
??4 ??1 ??-1° ??2 ??3° ??32° ??14.49 ??10.31 ??0.374 ??1.5 ??10.0 ??0.31
??5 ??0 ??-2° ??2 ??5° ??41° ??16.39 ??14.82 ??1.046 ??3.7 ??15.0 ??-0.18
Table 2 Bo Lulaisi surveys high method and 3 tilt-angle method measuring accuracy of the present invention contrast table
Title True value (m) Bo Lulaisi surveys high method Tilt-angle method
Measured value Error Measured value Error
??H 1 ??9.0 ??8.6 ??0.4 ??9.0 ??0
??H 2 ??8.0 ??8.6 ??0.6 ??7.79 ??-0.21
??H 3 ??10.0 ??11.4 ??1.4 ??9.54 ??-0.46
??H 4 ??10.0 ??9.6 ??-0.4 ??10.31 ??0.31
??H 5 ??15.0 ??14.2 ??-0.8 ??14.82 ??-0.18
The course of work of apparatus of the present invention:
On trunk, determine height of foundation H with scale BaseWith level altitude H GuIn position select an observation station O, determine observer's eye-level H EyeHand-held this device is horizontal (adjust the instrument angle, make vertical bar and panel parallel sided to reach the device level that makes) with vertical bar indicating device.By observation window and spider line, observe trees with eyes.Adjust index line, make index line, spider line center put H with the basis height BaseThe three is a line, reads the indicated θ value of index line (θ Base) and corresponding tangent value (tg θ Base) reading a (noting: positive and negative branch is arranged).With identical method, regulate the activity indicators line, secured in alignment height point, treetop point read inclination angle value and tangent value tg θ respectively Gu, tg θ The topReading b and c.Then, the value of calculated level distance D, height of tree H, discrepancy in elevation h, gradient i as stated above:
Horizontal range D=Δ H/ (tg θ Gu-tg θ Base)=Δ H/ (b-a)
Height of tree H=D (tg θ The top-tg θ Base)+H Base=D (c-a)+H Base
Discrepancy in elevation h=Dtg θ Base+ H Eye-H Base=D * a+H Eye-H Base
Apparatus of the present invention are measured these parameter values equally to be needed simply to calculate just with Bo Lulaisi height finder and other height finder and can obtain the result.General counter can be dealt with problems fast.
Characteristics of the present invention:
Survey high method with the Bo Lulaisi of routine and compare, have following characteristics:
1, the impact and the restriction that not changed by landform do not need to carry out the gradient and correct, but the measuring point flexible choice.
2, need not to measure the level distance, reduced amount apart from error, thereby improved the precision of measuring.
3, instrument device simple structure, light, cost is low.
4, can obtain simultaneously the result of horizontal distance B and height of tree H and discrepancy in elevation h, gradient i, increase function and the scope of application of instrument.
If 5, this method and device cooperate the higher angle sensor device of application angle measurement accuracy, not only can improve certainty of measurement, and so that measurement result is carried out digitlization demonstration and storage automatically, simplify the instrument device. Thereby China's forestry survey tool is realized by mechanization, low precision to digitlization, automation and high-precision great-leap-forward development.
If 6, this method has adopted angle sensor device and digitlization demonstration, storage system, also can measure fast inclination angle θ, gradient value i and the discrepancy in elevation, level distance and any measure the item such as object height. Can make like this this method and device be widely used in the route selection of road engineering survey, the aspects such as inspection are measured in the investigation planning of other engineering projects, construction, have wide practical value and prospect.
Survey high method with the Ke Lisitun of routine and compare, have following characteristics:
1, Ke Lisitun surveys high method assize height also needs to survey 3 points, and treetop point, 2 meters of scale are the tree basic point in addition. And this method is also surveyed 3 points: treetop point, fixing high point, basic high point, ben is that the high point in basis is not necessarily set basic point, but selected height of foundation point can reduce like this because setting basic rough and uneven in surface error and assorted shrub, the influence of topography and set the error that basic sight line is brought. This method height of foundation point selection is one of innovative point of invention.
2, Ke Lisitun surveys high method, the place of standing and a little must find observe simultaneously at 3, but and this method measuring point flexible choice.
Although 3, Ke Lisitun surveys height and also need not level apart from measuring, and can only measure height of tree value on the device, and this device does not need not only the level distance to measure, and also can measure simultaneously level distance, the height of tree and the discrepancy in elevation and gradient value, function is many, and is easy and simple to handle.

Claims (4)

1, a kind of forest spatial parameter measuring method comprises the following steps: successively
(1) on the standing tree trunk, determines basic high H with scale BaseWith fixing high H Gu
(2) a selected arbitrarily observation station O.
(3) at the high point of O point difference Fundamentals of Measurement H Base, fixing high some H GuAnd the sight line inclination angle [theta] of treetop point Base, θ Gu, θ The top
(4) according to the triangle principle:
High and the fixing high separation delta H=H in basis Gu-H Base=D (tg θ Gu-tg θ Base), so
Horizontal range D=Δ H/ (tg θ Gu-tg θ Base)
Height of tree H=D (tg θ The top-Tg θ Base)+H Base
Discrepancy in elevation h=Dtg θ Base+ H Eye-H Base(H EyeFor observer's eye high)
The gradient i = arctg h D
2, forest spatial parameter measuring method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described height of foundation H BaseBe 0-1.0m, level altitude H GuBe 1.5-2.5m.
3, a kind of device of realizing claim 1 method is characterized in that: be closed-in construction, comprise front panel (1), rear panel (2) and upper and lower web joint; Last lower connecting plate connects the two ends of front and back panel (1,2) respectively.Front panel (1) is provided with observation window and spider line (3); Rear panel is provided with image observation window (4), and the both sides of view window are provided with rule (5), and activity indicators line (6) can slide up and down along view window; The central point of rear panel (2) high scale chi is concordant with spider line (3) center on the front panel, and the annotation that makes progress along the center is a negative value, downwards annotation be on the occasion of; Annotation inclination angle, rule left side value θ, the tangent value of this inclination angle correspondence of the right annotation; One side of rear panel is provided with the vertical bar (7) that freely swings, and the upper edge of the top of vertical bar (7) and rear panel (2) is movably hinged.
4, device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the distance between the described front and back panel (1,2) is 10cm.
CN 200510010864 2005-06-21 2005-06-21 Method and device for measuring spatial parameters of forest Pending CN1699922A (en)

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102022998A (en) * 2010-11-03 2011-04-20 河南省电力公司洛阳供电公司 Method for measuring sight distance and altitude difference of complex terrain route
CN101458077B (en) * 2009-01-08 2011-09-28 中南林业科技大学 Height difference measuring method and digital device
CN102706321A (en) * 2012-06-21 2012-10-03 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 Method for measuring distance
CN103411582A (en) * 2013-08-23 2013-11-27 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 Method for quickly measuring forest stand tree height by individual tree locating
CN107672071A (en) * 2017-10-25 2018-02-09 杨凌美畅新材料有限公司 The method and apparatus of photovoltaic silicon wafer cutting process detection line bow
CN107764187A (en) * 2017-08-30 2018-03-06 深圳市赛亿科技开发有限公司 A kind of system and device for linear measure longimetry
CN108168513A (en) * 2018-02-27 2018-06-15 北京天地玛珂电液控制系统有限公司 A kind of hydraulic support height measuring device and method
CN108195324A (en) * 2017-12-29 2018-06-22 广东省林业科学研究院 Tree body height measurement method and tree body height measuring device

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101458077B (en) * 2009-01-08 2011-09-28 中南林业科技大学 Height difference measuring method and digital device
CN102022998A (en) * 2010-11-03 2011-04-20 河南省电力公司洛阳供电公司 Method for measuring sight distance and altitude difference of complex terrain route
CN102706321A (en) * 2012-06-21 2012-10-03 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 Method for measuring distance
CN103411582A (en) * 2013-08-23 2013-11-27 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 Method for quickly measuring forest stand tree height by individual tree locating
CN107764187A (en) * 2017-08-30 2018-03-06 深圳市赛亿科技开发有限公司 A kind of system and device for linear measure longimetry
CN107672071A (en) * 2017-10-25 2018-02-09 杨凌美畅新材料有限公司 The method and apparatus of photovoltaic silicon wafer cutting process detection line bow
CN108195324A (en) * 2017-12-29 2018-06-22 广东省林业科学研究院 Tree body height measurement method and tree body height measuring device
CN108168513A (en) * 2018-02-27 2018-06-15 北京天地玛珂电液控制系统有限公司 A kind of hydraulic support height measuring device and method

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