CN104567800A - Transmitting and measuring method of sea-crossing height - Google Patents
Transmitting and measuring method of sea-crossing height Download PDFInfo
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- CN104567800A CN104567800A CN201410833586.XA CN201410833586A CN104567800A CN 104567800 A CN104567800 A CN 104567800A CN 201410833586 A CN201410833586 A CN 201410833586A CN 104567800 A CN104567800 A CN 104567800A
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- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
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Abstract
The invention relates to a transmitting and measuring method for a sea-crossing height. The method comprises the following steps: according to the measurement accuracy class of the sea-crossing height, choosing a sea-crossing graph, and arranging a sea-crossing site; measuring the waggle quantity of an offshore platform so as to obtain a change range of a vertical angle of a total-station instrument of the platform; according to the sea-crossing distance, the measurement class and the level of the instrument, determining the survey time number of the sea-crossing height measurement and an observing and surveying group number of the vertical angle during semiobservation; according to the wobble quantity of the platform, determining the number of times of reading the vertical angle collimated once; connecting an electronic data recorder with the total-station instrument, setting parameters of the number of the times of reading the vertical angle collimated once, a time interval between the twice adjacent reading and the like, performing synchronous opposite direction observation by a triangulated height method, and automatically recording and storing observation data by the electronic data recorder; calculating and outputting an observing and surveying outcome table of the vertical angle in a standard format by using interior work software; according to observation data of the sea-crossing distance, the altitude of the vertical angle, the altitude of the instrument, the altitude of a target and the like, calculating a sea-crossing altitude difference observing and surveying value. The transmitting and measuring method disclosed by the invention is particularly suitable for transmitting and measuring the sea-crossing height of the total-station instrument of a measuring station under the condition of wobble.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to elevation Transfer Technology field over strait, particularly a kind of total powerstation measurement of higher degree method over strait of rocking under condition for survey station, under being applicable to various sea conditions, the elevation transmission over strait of marine measuring table or marine bridge pier is measured.
Background technology
The river-crossing leveling method that " national first and second order leveling specification " (GBT12897-2006) specifies, is only applicable to route two ends over strait survey station and is in the measurement of higher degree over strait on rock-steady structure.The vertical angle changing value being placed in the total powerstation on stable ground or other rock-steady structure things is less than 1 second, but in elevation transmission over strait is measured, the one or both ends of route over strait are positioned on the unstable structures such as marine measuring table or bridge pier, because of the role and influence by oceanic tide, wave and wind-force, these marine measuring tables or bridge pier are in ceaselessly among weak vibrations, among the total powerstation be placed on marine unstable structure being in ceaselessly rock, the vertical angle changing value of total powerstation can reach tens of second even several points.Under this survey station rocks condition, the river-crossing leveling method (containing technical requirement, limit difference standard etc.) specified in current specifications is no longer applicable.
Summary of the invention
The difficult problem that under the object of the invention is to rock condition for survey station, general measurement of higher degree method over strait is no longer suitable for, aim to provide a kind of elevation over strait be applicable under various sea conditions and transmit measuring method, to realize the accurate transfer of marine measuring table and marine bridge pier reference mark elevation.
The implementation of the object of the invention is, a kind of be applicable to survey station rock condition under total powerstation measurement of higher degree method over strait, concrete steps are as follows:
1) select figure over strait according to measurement of higher degree accuracy class over strait, arrange place over strait;
Point over strait is set, for settling instrument and observed object, by each length of side of the static relative measurement Accurate Measurement of total powerstation or GPS, with precision level or total station survey with the discrepancy in elevation between the point of approach span sea;
2) carry out marine measuring table or the test of bridge pier shaking volume, draw total powerstation vertical angle amplitude of variation on platform or bridge pier;
Total powerstation is placed on marine measuring table or marine bridge pier point over strait, aims at opposite bank observed object and keep fixing; Start total powerstation observation and logging program, record n vertical angle data continuously by certain hour interval; Calculate the difference of maxima and minima in n vertical angle, be vertical angle variance values;
3) according to distance over strait, measure grade and total powerstation rank, determine vertical angle observation group number in the position number of the measurement of higher degree over strait and semiobservation;
4) according to platform shaking volume, namely vertical angle amplitude of variation determines every half group of vertical angle reading number of times once sighted in observing;
5) data recorder is connected with total powerstation, configuration data recorder record port communication parameter; The time interval parameter once sighted between vertical angle reading number of times and adjacent twice reading is set; Carry out reciprocal observation at the same time by triangulated height method, data recorder automatically records and stores observation data;
6) conversion utilizing data processing software to complete observation data calculates and the vertical angle observation outcome table of outputting standard form;
7) according to distance over strait, vertical angle and instrument height, target high observation data, discrepancy in elevation observed reading over strait is calculated.
The present invention adopts repeatedly repeated measures reading to get the vertical angle measuring method of average, the measures such as the improvement and design of difference standard are limit in conjunction with figure over strait and achievement, by Trigonometric Leveling by Total Station measuring method, and have developed automatic Observation record and data processing software system, effectively weaken offshore station and rock adverse effect to total powerstation vertical angle observation value, significantly improve precision and the speed of the measurement of higher degree over strait, solve the technical barrier that the elevation transmission over strait of high precision under complicated sea situation is measured.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram that the survey station of the embodiment of the present invention rocks total powerstation measurement of higher degree method over strait under condition;
Fig. 2 a, b, c are three kinds, the place over strait arrangement schematic diagram of the inventive method;
Fig. 3 is the platform vertical angle test data scatter diagram of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the total powerstation measurement of higher degree schematic diagram over strait of the inventive method.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
With reference to Fig. 1, the concrete steps of described measurement of higher degree flow process over strait are as follows:
1) select figure over strait according to measurement of higher degree accuracy class over strait, arrange place over strait;
Two survey stations over strait are all positioned on marine measuring table, be convenient to frequently to exchange instrumented site and carry out the observation of many survey time, therefore, one, the second-class measurement of higher degree over strait, arrange place over strait by parallelogram [see Fig. 2 a] or isosceles trapezoid [see Fig. 2 b] mode, use 2 total powerstations to carry out reciprocal observation at the same time; Three, the fourth class measurement of higher degree over strait, arranges place over strait by parallelogram [see Fig. 2 a] or isosceles trapezoid [see Fig. 2 b] mode, uses 2 total powerstations to carry out reciprocal observation at the same time; Or lay place over strait by zigzag [see Fig. 2 c], use 1 instrument to observe.
Arrange that by parallelogram or isosceles trapezoid mode 4 A, B, C, the D in place over strait are equipment placement point at over strait, be also observed object set-point simultaneously, can alternately settle instrument and target with bank two point over strait.Arrange that B, the D in place over strait are equipment placement points by zigzag mode, be also observed object set-point simultaneously.
Each length of side and measuring by following method with the discrepancy in elevation between the point of approach span sea:
(1) length of long limit over strait AC, BD, adopts total powerstation or the static relative measurement Accurate Measurement of GPS;
(2) with minor face AB, the CD [see Fig. 2 a or Fig. 2 b] between the point of approach span sea, GPS measurement can be adopted, total powerstation is found range or the method for taped measurement measures;
(3) with the discrepancy in elevation h between the point of approach span sea
aB, h
cD, adopt Levelling or Trigonometric Leveling by Total Station measuring method to measure.
Sight line length over strait in Fig. 2 a or Fig. 2 b, namely long limit over strait AC, BD is about 3.9km, by country's second-class measurement of higher degree precision over strait testing.
2) carry out marine measuring table or the test of bridge pier shaking volume, draw total powerstation vertical angle amplitude of variation on platform or bridge pier;
Total powerstation is placed on marine measuring table or marine bridge pier point over strait, utilizes laser centring device and electronic level, complete accurate leveling and the centering of instrument; Rotate instrument alidade and telescope, approximate aiming opposite bank observed object also keeps fixing; Start total powerstation observation and logging program, record n vertical angle data continuously by certain hour interval, general record 50 ~ 200 vertical angle data; Calculate the difference of maxima and minima in 50 ~ 200 vertical angles, be vertical angle variance values.
Test result: vertical angle variance values about 150 " [see Fig. 3] on a platform; Vertical angle variance values about 40 on another platform ".Get two platform vertical angle variance values the greater (vertical angle amplitude of variation parameter value that 150 ") use as this survey section observation program design over strait.
3) according to sight line length over strait, measure grade and instrument rank, determine vertical angle observation group number in the position number of the measurement of higher degree over strait and semiobservation by table 1;
Table 1
Note: 1. when the total powerstation of use 0.5 second level and above angle measurement accuracy, bank far away arranges single goal observation; Or use the total powerstation of 0.5 second following angle measurement accuracy of level, when bank far away arranges upper and lower two target observations, directly select the vertical angle observation group number in half group by upper table.2. when the total powerstation of use 0.5 second level and above angle measurement accuracy, when bank far away arranges upper and lower two target observations, the group number in semiobservation reduces by half by tabular numerical value.3. when the total powerstation of use 0.5 second following angle measurement accuracy of level, when bank far away arranges single target observation, the group number in semiobservation is taken as the twice of tabular numerical value.
In the present embodiment, distance over strait is 3.9km, and accuracy class is that country is second-class, and (angle measurement accuracy is that 0.5 ") is observed; the position number determining the measurement of higher degree over strait according to upper table is 16 × 4=64, and in semiobservation, vertical angle observation group number is 10 to use Leica TS30 total powerstation.
4) according to platform shaking volume, namely vertical angle amplitude of variation determines every half group of vertical angle reading number of times m once sighted in observing;
According to survey station place vertical angle amplitude of variation size, determine to sight in every half group once bank target continuous recording vertical angle number of times m far away.And required record number of times is directly proportional to vertical angle amplitude of variation size, and namely vertical angle amplitude of variation is larger, record number of times is more.
In the present embodiment, vertical angle amplitude of variation is 150 ", selected record number of times is 50.
5) data recorder is connected with total powerstation, configuration data recorder record port communication parameter: the parameters such as the time interval between vertical angle reading number of times and adjacent twice reading are once sighted in setting; Carry out reciprocal observation at the same time by the triangulated height method shown in Fig. 4, require that carrying out field operation measurement data automatically gathers and store, data recorder automatically records and stores observation data.
Place over strait is laid by Fig. 2 a parallelogram or Fig. 2 b isosceles trapezoid mode, when place over strait is broader, be convenient to frequently to exchange instrument, target location is when observing, change survey station bilateral synchronous subtend trigonometric leveling then should be adopted to carry out vertical angle observation, and observation program is as follows:
(1) station is established at A, D point, the height of determining instrument and mark; Then simultaneous observation opposite bank target, measures α
aC, α
dB;
(2) by the location swap of two sides instrument and target, namely instrument changes to B, C point, and target is changed to A, D point, and simultaneous observation opposite bank target obtains α
bD, α
cA, the then height of determining instrument and target;
(3) so far the observation of first instrumented site terminates, and two instruments complete two single survey time altogether;
(4) two sides instrument, target and observation person's phase intermodulation bank after having surveyed the half survey time, carries out the observation of remaining survey time.
Place over strait is laid by Fig. 2 a parallelogram or Fig. 2 b isosceles trapezoid mode, when place over strait narrow space, be not easy to frequently to exchange instrument and target location observe time, fixing survey station bilateral synchronous subtend trigonometric leveling then can be adopted to carry out vertical angle observation, and observation program is as follows:
(1) station is established at A, D point, the height of determining instrument and target; Then simultaneous observation opposite bank far indicates C, B, measures α
aC, α
dB;
(2) the two end instrument semiobservation discrepancy in elevation are respectively h
bC=h
bA+ h
aCand h
cB=h
cD+ h
dB, two semiobservations of two instrument reciprocal observations of same period get middle number, calculate the observation discrepancy in elevation of a single survey time;
(3) after having surveyed the half survey time, two end instruments, observation person and target phase intermodulation bank, carry out the observation of remaining survey time.
Arrange place over strait by the zigzag of Fig. 2 c, the vertical angle observation program of the measurement of higher degree over strait is:
(1) total powerstation is placed on B, sights the target of bank D point far away, by just, the order of reversing face reads note vertical angle reading successively, namely forms upper semiobservation observation after completing the observation of regulation group number;
(2) after upper semiobservation has been observed, total powerstation has been removed to opposite bank D point at once, sighted bank B point target far away, completed the observation of lower semiobservation by established procedure.
(3) more than, two steps form the observation of a single survey time, repeat the observation that same program completes other survey time.
6) utilize frequently-used data process software in industry to derive observation data, the conversion completing observation data calculates, and generates the vertical angle observation outcome table of standard format as shown in table 2.
Table 2
In table 2, the vertical angle observation value once sighted in the every half group of observation of the Trigonometric Leveling by Total Station method measurement of higher degree over strait equals the mean value of the vertical angle observation value of m record, and computing formula is as follows:
In formula, α
kfor the vertical angle observation value of kth time record, k=1,2 ..., m, m sight the number once recording vertical angle observation value in half group of observation.
7) with reference to Fig. 3, the Trigonometric Leveling by Total Station method measurement of higher degree over strait semiobservation observation discrepancy in elevation computing formula is as follows:
h＝S tanα+i-v
In formula, S is the horizontal range on limit over strait, and α is vertical angle, and i is instrument height, and v is that target is high.
When adopting the method for reciprocal observation at the same time to observe, the discrepancy in elevation over strait of a survey time is calculated as follows:
In formula, S is the horizontal range on limit over strait, α
1, α
2for vertical angle, i
1, i
2for instrument height, v
1, v
2for target is high.
Observation discrepancy in elevation limit difference check formula is as follows:
(1) when sight line length over strait is less than 2km, the limit difference formula in current specifications can still be adopted.
The mutual deviation of each single survey time discrepancy in elevation in every bar limit should be not more than the limit value that following formula specifies:
In formula, dH
limitfor discrepancy in elevation mutual deviation limit value (mm) between the survey time, M
Δfor the accident mean square error (mm) of corresponding every km measurement of the level, N is total position number of single survey time, and S is sight line length (km) over strait.
The independent closed hoop be made up of 4 limits of parallelogram shown in Fig. 2 a, Fig. 2 b or isosceles trapezoid, calculates mis-tie by each bar limit discrepancy in elevation of same period and should be not more than the limit value that following formula calculates:
In formula, M
wfor the corresponding full medial error limit value (mm) of every km measurement of the level.
(2) when sight line length over strait is more than 2km, then the limit difference checking computations of fieldwork observation achievement are carried out by following standard:
The mutual deviation of each single survey time discrepancy in elevation in every bar limit should be not more than the limit value that following formula specifies:
The closed difference of height difference of the independent closed hoop be made up of parallelogram or trapezoidal 4 limits should be not more than the limit value that following formula calculates:
Measurement results: in the present embodiment, the actual observation completing 128 survey time, forms 64 quadrilateral closed hoops.After survey time discrepancy in elevation mutual deviation and loop closure checking computations, Result Precision reaches the requirement of second-order levelling regulation as last achievement to choose wherein 88 survey time meeting limit difference regulation.
Embodiment 2, with embodiment 1, unlike,
1) select figure over strait according to measurement of higher degree accuracy class over strait, arrange place over strait;
One end survey station is positioned on marine measuring table, and be convenient to exchange instrumented site and carry out the observation of many survey time, other end survey station is positioned on the marine bridge pier Dun Ding of narrow space, is not easy to frequently to exchange instrumented site and carries out the observation of many survey time.Place over strait is arranged by Fig. 2 a parallelogram or Fig. 2 b isosceles trapezoid mode.A, D 2 arrangement instruments, B, C 2 settle measurement target.Sight line length (AC, BD) over strait is about 2.1km, by country's second-class measurement of higher degree precision over strait testing.
Each length of side and measuring by following method with the discrepancy in elevation between the point of approach span sea:
(1) length of AC, BD adopts the static relative measurement of GPS or total Station Precise distance-finding method Accurate Measurement;
(2) Levelling or Trigonometric Leveling by Total Station measuring method is adopted to measure with the discrepancy in elevation [in Fig. 2 a or Fig. 2 b AB, CD] between the point of approach span sea.
2) carry out marine measuring table and the test of bridge pier shaking volume, draw total powerstation vertical angle amplitude of variation on platform and bridge pier;
Total powerstation is placed on marine measuring table or bridge pier point over strait, utilizes laser centring device and electronic level, complete accurate leveling and the centering of instrument; Rotate instrument alidade and telescope, approximate aiming opposite bank observed object also keeps fixing; Start total powerstation observation and logging program, record n vertical angle data continuously at regular intervals, generally by 50 ~ 200 vertical angle data; Calculate the difference of maxima and minima in n vertical angle, be vertical angle variance values.
Test result: vertical angle amplitude of variation about 65 on measuring table "; On bridge pier, vertical angle amplitude of variation is less than 10 ".Get vertical angle amplitude of variation the greater (vertical angle amplitude of variation parameter value that 65 ") use as this survey section observation program design over strait.
3) according to distance over strait, measure grade and instrument rank, determine vertical angle observation group number in the position number of the measurement of higher degree over strait and semiobservation;
According to distance over strait (2.1km), measure grade (country is second-class) and instrument rank (Leica TS30,0.5 second level), determine that the position number of the measurement of higher degree over strait is 16 × 2.1=33.6 (being taken as 40) by table 1, in semiobservation, vertical angle observation group number is 8.
4) according to platform shaking volume, namely vertical angle amplitude of variation determines the vertical angle reading number of times once sighted;
According to survey station place vertical angle amplitude of variation size, in the present embodiment, vertical angle amplitude of variation is 65 ", selected record number of times is 20.
5) data recorder is connected with total powerstation, configuration data recorder record port communication parameter, arranged by data recorder and once sight the parameters such as time interval between vertical angle reading number of times and adjacent twice reading, carry out reciprocal observation at the same time by triangulated height method, data recorder automatically records and stores observation data.
In the present embodiment, one end survey station is positioned on the marine bridge pier Dun Ding of narrow space, is not easy to frequently to exchange instrument and the observation of many survey time is carried out in target location, therefore adopts " fixing survey station bilateral synchronous subtend trigonometric leveling " to carry out vertical angle observation, and observation program is as follows:
(1) station is established at A, D point, the height of determining instrument and target; Then simultaneous observation opposite bank far indicates C, B, measures α
aC, α
bD;
(2) the two end instrument semiobservation discrepancy in elevation are respectively h
bC=h
bA+ h
aCand h
cB=h
cD+ h
dB, two semiobservations of two instrument reciprocal observations of same period get middle number, calculate the observation discrepancy in elevation of a single survey time;
(3) after having surveyed the half survey time, two end instruments, observation person and target phase intermodulation bank, carry out the observation of remaining survey time.
6) utilize data processing software to derive observation data, and the conversion completing observation data calculate, and generates the vertical angle observation outcome table of standard format as shown in table 2.
7) according to observation datas such as distance over strait, vertical angle and instrument height, target height, discrepancy in elevation observed reading over strait is calculated.
When adopting the method for reciprocal observation at the same time to observe, the discrepancy in elevation over strait of a survey time is calculated as follows:
In formula: S is the horizontal range on limit over strait, α
1, α
2for vertical angle, i
1, i
2for instrument height, v
1, v
2for target (prism) is high.
Observation discrepancy in elevation limit difference check formula is as follows:
In the present embodiment, sight line length over strait more than 2km, then carries out the limit difference checking computations of fieldwork observation achievement by following standard:
The mutual deviation of each survey time discrepancy in elevation in every bar limit should be not more than the limit value that following formula specifies:
In formula: dH
limitfor discrepancy in elevation mutual deviation limit value (mm) between the survey time, M
Δfor the accident mean square error (mm) of corresponding every km measurement of the level, N is total position number of single survey time, and S is sight line length (km) over strait.
The closed difference of height difference of the independent closed hoop be made up of 4 limits of parallelogram or isosceles trapezoid should be not more than the limit value that following formula calculates:
In formula, M
wfor the corresponding full medial error limit value (mm) of every km measurement of the level.
Measurement results: in the present embodiment, the actual observation completing 65 single survey time.After survey time discrepancy in elevation mutual deviation checking computations, Result Precision reaches the requirement of second-order levelling regulation as last achievement to choose wherein 48 survey time meeting limit difference regulation.
The accurate transfer that above-described embodiment achieves elevation over strait by a series of measure is measured, and solves the marine elevation transmission difficult problem that prior art cannot complete.
Claims (12)
1. elevation over strait transmits a measuring method, it is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows:
1) select figure over strait according to measurement of higher degree accuracy class over strait, arrange place over strait;
Point over strait is set, for settling instrument and observed object, by each length of side of the static relative measurement Accurate Measurement of total powerstation or GPS, with precision level or total station survey with the discrepancy in elevation between the point of approach span sea;
2) carry out marine measuring table or the test of bridge pier shaking volume, draw total powerstation vertical angle amplitude of variation on platform or bridge pier;
Total powerstation is placed on marine measuring table or marine bridge pier point over strait, aims at opposite bank observed object and keep fixing; Start total powerstation observation and logging program, record n vertical angle data continuously by certain hour interval; Calculate the difference of maxima and minima in n vertical angle, be vertical angle variance values;
3) according to distance over strait, measure grade and total powerstation rank, determine vertical angle observation group number in the position number of the measurement of higher degree over strait and semiobservation;
4) according to platform shaking volume, namely vertical angle amplitude of variation determines every half group of vertical angle reading number of times once sighted in observing;
5) data recorder is connected with total powerstation, configuration data recorder record port communication parameter; The time interval parameter once sighted between vertical angle reading number of times and adjacent twice reading is set; Carry out reciprocal observation at the same time by triangulated height method, data recorder automatically records and stores observation data;
6) conversion utilizing data processing software to complete observation data calculates and the vertical angle observation outcome table of outputting standard form;
7) according to distance over strait, vertical angle and instrument height, target high observation data, discrepancy in elevation observed reading over strait is calculated.
2. one according to claim 1 elevation over strait transmits measuring method, it is characterized in that step 1) in one, the second-class measurement of higher degree over strait, lay place over strait by parallelogram or isosceles trapezoid mode, use 2 total powerstations to carry out reciprocal observation at the same time;
Three, the fourth class measurement of higher degree over strait lays place over strait by parallelogram or isosceles trapezoid mode, uses 2 total powerstations to carry out reciprocal observation at the same time; Or lay place over strait by zigzag, use 1 instrument to observe.
3. one according to claim 1 and 2 elevation over strait transmits measuring method, it is characterized in that step 1) in arrange that 4 A, B, C, the D in place over strait are equipment placement point at over strait by parallelogram, isosceles trapezoid mode, also can be observed object set-point simultaneously, alternately settle instrument and target with bank two point over strait; Arrange that 2 flex point B, the D in place over strait are equipment placement points by zigzag mode, be also observed object set-point simultaneously;
Each length of side and measuring by following method with the discrepancy in elevation between the point of approach span sea:
(1) length of long limit over strait AC, BD, adopts total powerstation or the static relative measurement Accurate Measurement of GPS;
(2) with minor face AB, the CD between the point of approach span sea, adopt GPS measurement, total powerstation is found range or the method for taped measurement measures;
(3) with the discrepancy in elevation h between the point of approach span sea
aB, h
cD, adopt precise leveling or Trigonometric Leveling by Total Station measuring method to measure.
4. one according to claim 1 elevation over strait transmits measuring method, it is characterized in that step 2) in start total powerstation observation and logging program, 50 ~ 200 vertical angle data are recorded continuously by certain hour interval, calculate the difference of maxima and minima in 50 ~ 200 vertical angles, be vertical angle variance values.
5. one according to claim 1 elevation over strait transmits measuring method, it is characterized in that step 4) according to survey station place vertical angle amplitude of variation size, determine to sight in every half group once bank target continuous recording vertical angle number of times m far away, and required record number of times is directly proportional to vertical angle amplitude of variation size, namely vertical angle amplitude of variation is larger, and record number of times is more.
6. one according to claim 1 and 2 elevation over strait transmits measuring method, it is characterized in that step 5) in arrange place over strait by parallelogram or isosceles trapezoid mode, when survey station place over strait is broader, change survey station bilateral synchronous subtend trigonometric leveling should be adopted to carry out vertical angle observation, and observation program is as follows:
(1) station is established at A, D point, the height of determining instrument and mark; Then simultaneous observation opposite bank target, measures α
aC, α
dB;
(2) by the location swap of two sides instrument and this bank target, namely instrument changes to B, C point, and target is changed to A, D point, and simultaneous observation opposite bank target obtains α
bD, α
cA, the then height of determining instrument and target;
(3) so far the observation of first instrumented site terminates, and two instruments complete two single survey time altogether;
(4) two sides instrument, target and observation person's phase intermodulation bank after having surveyed the half survey time, carries out the observation of remaining survey time.
7. one according to claim 1 and 2 elevation over strait transmits measuring method, it is characterized in that step 5) in, place over strait is arranged by parallelogram or isosceles trapezoid mode, when survey station place over strait narrow space, be not easy to frequently to exchange instrument and target location observe time, then adopt fixing survey station bilateral synchronous subtend trigonometric leveling to carry out vertical angle observation, observation program is as follows:
(1) station is established at A, D point, the height of determining instrument and target; Then simultaneous observation opposite bank far indicates C, B, measures α
aC, α
dB;
(2) the two end instrument semiobservation discrepancy in elevation are respectively h
bC=h
bA+ h
aCand h
cB=h
cD+ h
dB, two semiobservations of two instrument reciprocal observations of same period get middle number, calculate the observation discrepancy in elevation of a single survey time;
(3) after having surveyed the half survey time, two end instruments, observation person and target phase intermodulation bank, carry out the observation of remaining survey time.
8. one according to claim 1 and 2 elevation over strait transmits measuring method, it is characterized in that step 5) in, arrange place over strait by zigzag, the vertical angle observation program of the measurement of higher degree over strait is:
(1) total powerstation is placed on B, sights the target of bank D point far away, by just, the order of reversing face reads note vertical angle reading successively, namely forms upper semiobservation observation after completing the observation of regulation group number;
(2) after upper semiobservation has been observed, total powerstation has been removed to opposite bank D point at once, sighted bank B point target far away, completed the observation of lower semiobservation by established procedure;
(3) more than, two steps form the observation of a single survey time, repeat the observation that same program completes other survey time.
9. one according to claim 1 elevation over strait transmits measuring method, it is characterized in that step 6) in, the vertical angle observation value once sighted in the every half group of observation of the Trigonometric Leveling by Total Station method measurement of higher degree over strait equals the mean value of the vertical angle observation value of m record, and computing formula is as follows:
In formula, α
kfor the vertical angle observation value of kth time record, k=1,2 ..., m, m sight the number once recording vertical angle observation value in half group of observation.
10. one according to claim 1 elevation over strait transmits measuring method, it is characterized in that step 7) in, the Trigonometric Leveling by Total Station method measurement of higher degree over strait semiobservation observation discrepancy in elevation computing formula is as follows:
h＝Stanα+i-v
In formula, S is the horizontal range on limit over strait, and α is vertical angle, and i is instrument height, and v is that target is high.
11. one according to claim 1 elevation over strait transmits measuring method, it is characterized in that step 7) in when adopting the method for reciprocal observation at the same time to observe, the discrepancy in elevation over strait of a survey time is calculated as follows:
In formula, S is the horizontal range on limit over strait, α
1, α
2for vertical angle, i
1, i
2for instrument height, v
1, v
2for target is high.
12. one according to claim 1 elevation over strait transmits measuring method, it is characterized in that step 7) in observation discrepancy in elevation limit difference check formula as follows:
When sight line length over strait is less than 2km, adopt the limit difference formula in current specifications,
The mutual deviation of each single survey time discrepancy in elevation in every bar limit should be not more than the limit value that following formula specifies:
In formula, dH
limitfor discrepancy in elevation mutual deviation limit value (mm) between the survey time, M
Δfor the accident mean square error (mm) of corresponding every km measurement of the level, N is the position number of single survey time, and S is sight line length (km) over strait;
The independent closed hoop of 4 limit compositions of parallelogram or isosceles trapezoid, should be not more than the limit value of following formula calculating by each bar limit discrepancy in elevation calculating mis-tie of same period:
In formula, M
wfor the corresponding full medial error limit value (mm) of every km measurement of the level;
When sight line length over strait is more than 2km, then carry out the limit difference checking computations of fieldwork observation achievement by following standard:
The mutual deviation of each single survey time discrepancy in elevation in every bar limit should be not more than the limit value that following formula specifies:
The closed difference of height difference of the independent closed hoop be made up of 4 limits of parallelogram or isosceles trapezoid should be not more than the limit value that following formula calculates:
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| CN105203077A (en) * | 2015-10-14 | 2015-12-30 | 刘海 | Full-intelligent elevation instrument, elevation system and construction elevation measurement method |
| CN106767738A (en) * | 2017-03-14 | 2017-05-31 | 中交第航务工程局有限公司 | A kind of long range angle measurement method over strait and system |
| CN106840090A (en) * | 2017-03-14 | 2017-06-13 | 中交第航务工程局有限公司 | A kind of measurement of higher degree method and system over strait |
| CN106767738B (en) * | 2017-03-14 | 2019-07-16 | 中交第一航务工程局有限公司 | A kind of long range angle measurement method over strait and system |
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