CN104596485A - Method for measuring heights and widths of vertical target object in any position by using single picture of photographing superstation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for measuring heights and widths of a vertical target object in any position by using a single picture of a photographing superstation. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out a field process by using the photographing superstation to acquire a picture of a vertical target and the following data: a dip angle omega and a horizontal distance deltaY from a lens to the vertical target object; then carrying out office analysis by using a photographing measuring system to acquire an image point coordinate in the picture of the vertical target object; as the dip angle omega exists around the axis X during photographing, correcting the single picture and changing the coordinate value in the direction when the axis X is not changed; deducing and calculating the formula and a known quantity to acquire coordinates in the width and height directions in any position of the target object; and finally, introducing the field operation deduced data into an office analysis deduced formula to obtain the width di and the height hi in any position of the target object.

Description

A kind of photography single-phase of super-station instrument measures vertical object any place height and width method

One, technical field

The method belong to photogrammetric in utilize Novel surveying instrument device single-phase of super-station instrument of photographing to measure vertical object any place height and width method.

Two, technical background

The height of object any place and width are two important measurement factors in photogrammetric observation.Width at present main metering system adopts rule hand dipping, belongs to contact type measurement, and due to the impact of landform, understory shrub, the object measured in sample ground is wasted time and energy, and need a people to measure, people's record, human cost is higher.Elevation carrection adopts altimeter to measure, and there is object summit and is difficult to the problems such as accurately judgement, cause measuring error comparatively large, and need two people to coordinate, measure efficiency lower.

Therefore, in measuring process, adopt traditional instrument to measure inevitably bring a lot of trouble and error.This project is under any topographic condition, photography super-station instrument is utilized to realize the measurement of sample ground internal object thing any place height and width by monolithic right photographic measurement method, measurement speed is fast, a people is only needed to complete, after acquisition sample ground photograph and inclination angle, can carry out interior industry interpretation, process with can the obtaining sample sample trees diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and the height of tree by the Digital Photogrammetric System of independent research, and measured value can persistence.The General Promotion speed of data processing, intelligence degree.

Three, summary of the invention

This research Applied Photography super-station instrument, measures and can not contact and be difficult to the nearly vertical object surveyed, such as, and beacon, flagpole, trees etc.Photography super-station instrument good for calibration is placed on The Cloud Terrace, and be connected with tripod, level is kept by air-bubble level conditioning instrumentation, then, utilize monolithic right photographic measurement method, obtain photograph and inclination angle, obtain vertical object any place height and width by the mathematical model conversion of setting up between object coordinates and image space coordinate.

First, utilize photography super-station instrument to carry out field process, obtain the photo of vertical object, and obtain following data: the horizontal range Δ Y of the vertical object of inclination angle ω, distance of camera lens;

Then, Digital Photogrammetric System is utilized to carry out interior industry process.Vertical object in space object space coordinate is: (Xs, Ys, Zs); Vertical object picpointed coordinate in photograph is: (u, f, v); In Digital Photogrammetric System, object space coordinate and picpointed coordinate ratio formula are: there is inclination angle ω around X-axis when considering photography, therefore, need photographic rectification, carry out that X-axis is constant changes formula used and rotation matrix is at the coordinate figure that this side up: $\left|\begin{array}{c}{u}^{\′}\\ f^{\′}\\ v^{\′}\end{array}\right|=R\left|\begin{array}{c}u\\ f\\ v\end{array}\right|$ With $R=\left|\begin{array}{ccc}1& 0& 0\\ 0& \cos \mathrm{\ω}& -\sin \mathrm{\ω}\\ 0& \sin \mathrm{\ω}& \cos \mathrm{\ω}\end{array}\right|;$ The Width and the short transverse coordinate that carry out above formula and known quantity deriving and calculate object any place are: $X_s=\frac{y_s}{f\cos \mathrm{\ω}-v\sin \mathrm{\ω}}u,Z_s=\frac{y_s}{f\cos \mathrm{\ω}-v\sin \mathrm{\ω}}(f\cos \mathrm{\ω}+v\cos \mathrm{\ω}).$

Finally, in the formula that in data field operation obtained substitute into, industry is derived, the width di=Δ X of object any place and the height hi=Δ Z of any place can be obtained.

Four, accompanying drawing illustrates:

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and example, the present invention is further described.

Fig. 1 is vertical object object space coordinate in space.Fig. 2 is picpointed coordinate in vertical object photograph.Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 is the operating diagram utilizing photography super-station instrument to obtain vertical object photo and data.

Five, embodiment:

1, utilize photography super-station instrument to carry out field process, obtain photo and the data of vertical object.

2, utilize Digital Photogrammetric System to carry out interior industry process, obtain the picpointed coordinate of vertically object any place in photo.There is inclination angle around X-axis when considering photography, therefore, utilize formula and rotation matrix to correct to the photograph obtained.Then, derive and calculate Width and the short transverse coordinate of object any place.Finally, data field operation obtained substitute in the formula of deriving, and obtain width and the height of object any place.

Claims (2)

1. utilize Novel surveying instrument device photography single-phase of super-station instrument to measure vertical object any place height and width method.

2. first, utilize photography super-station instrument to carry out field process, obtain the photo of vertical object, and obtain following data: the horizontal range Δ Y of the vertical object of inclination angle ω, distance of camera lens;

Then, Digital Photogrammetric System is utilized to carry out interior industry process.Vertical object in space object space coordinate is: (Xs, Ys, Zs); Vertical object picpointed coordinate in photograph is: (u, f, v); In Digital Photogrammetric System, object space coordinate and picpointed coordinate ratio formula are: there is inclination angle ω around X-axis when considering photography, therefore, need photographic rectification, carry out that X-axis is constant changes formula used and rotation matrix is at the coordinate figure that this side up: $\left|\begin{array}{c}{u}^{\′}\\ f^{\′}\\ v^{\′}\end{array}\right|=R\left|\begin{array}{c}u\\ f\\ v\end{array}\right|$ With $R=\left|\begin{array}{ccc}1& 0& 0\\ 0& \cos \mathrm{\ω}& -\sin \mathrm{\ω}\\ 0& \sin \mathrm{\ω}& \cos \mathrm{\ω}\end{array}\right|;$ The Width and the short transverse coordinate that carry out above formula and known quantity deriving and calculate object any place are: $X_s=\frac{Y_s}{f\cos \mathrm{\ω}-v\sin \mathrm{\ω}}u,Z_s=\frac{Y_s}{f\cos \mathrm{\ω}-v\sin \mathrm{\ω}}(f\cos \mathrm{\ω}+v\cos \mathrm{\ω});$

Finally, in the formula that in data field operation obtained substitute into, industry is derived, the width di=△ X of object any place and the height hi=△ Z of any place can be obtained.