CN102607516A - Method for measuring standard elevation in nuclear power engineering - Google Patents
Method for measuring standard elevation in nuclear power engineering Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102607516A CN102607516A CN2012101121362A CN201210112136A CN102607516A CN 102607516 A CN102607516 A CN 102607516A CN 2012101121362 A CN2012101121362 A CN 2012101121362A CN 201210112136 A CN201210112136 A CN 201210112136A CN 102607516 A CN102607516 A CN 102607516A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- measured
- total powerstation
- benchmark
- measurement
- measuring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of nuclear power engineering, aiming to solve the technical prejudices of the prior art that when the standard elevation in the nuclear power engineering is measured, the measuring work load is great, great manpower and material resources are wasted, the measurement precision is low and a triangular elevation measurement method cannot be applied to the nuclear power engineering. The method for measuring the standard elevation in the nuclear power engineering, disclosed by the invention, comprises the steps that: at least one reference standard is selected in a measurement field and a measurement point is set so that a total station located at the measurement point can observe a standard to be detected and the reference standard; the total station is placed on the measurement point and the measurement point is opened to calibrate; a measurement accessory is placed on a target to be detected; the target to be detected is the reference standard and the standard to be detected; measured data is measured and processed to obtain the elevation of the reference standard relative to the standard to be detected; and the measured data is identified. The method for measuring the standard elevation has the advantages of simplicity in operation, less work load, lower cost and high precision, and overcomes the technical prejudice that the short-edge triangular elevation measurement precision is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the nuclear power engineering field, relate in particular to the method for the elevation of measuring basis in the nuclear power engineering, this benchmark is used for the installation of nuclear power generating equipment or to measurement or other various measurements of nuclear power generating equipment.
Background technology
In nuclear power engineering, the installation accuracy of nuclear power generating equipment is had relatively high expectations, to reach 1mm (millimeter) such as the precision of the installation elevation of the main equipment in the nuclear island.Therefore; Before carrying out the nuclear power installation; Must measure the datum mark of nuclear power generating equipment installing and locating measurement or the elevation of datum line earlier; And the measuring accuracy of the elevation of this reference point or datum line will reach the precision of the second-order levelling of stipulating in the Code for engineering surveying, could be the installing and locating measurement that benchmark carries out nuclear power generating equipment with this reference point or datum line then, otherwise; The nuclear power generating equipment that will cause installation accuracy to be had relatively high expectations setup error do not occur because of reaching installation accuracy, particularly can cause irremediable loss to the installation of equipment must one-step installation in place.In addition, if the measuring accuracy of reference point or datum line is low excessively, also can cause the dislocation of installation material n-th-trem relation n, butt joint difficulties each other such as the less demanding utility appliance of installation accuracy, subsidiary conduit, electric, ventilation and structures.
At present, those skilled in the art adopts leveling measuring method to measure reference point or the elevation of datum line in the nuclear power engineering usually.Concrete operations are following: before measuring, to reconnoitre measure field earlier, to find out hitch point that can smooth and easy vertical hanging steel disk chi and the position of laying two spirit-leveling instruments in measure field.If be not fit to the hitch point of suspension steel disk chi in measure field; Then also to set up the framing scaffold that is used for hanging the steel disk chi in measure field; And guaranteeing that this framing scaffold firmly and not has at all rocks; So that the steel disk chi can hang upside down on framing scaffold and the link iron wire can not become flexible, guarantee the accuracy of measurement result.Then, as shown in Figure 1, an end of steel disk chi 01 is suspended on the hitch point on the framing scaffold 02, the other end is carried additionally tension counterweight 03 so that steel disk chi 01 is stretching; A spirit-leveling instrument 04 is placed on the ground, another spirit-leveling instrument 04 is placed on the surface level 05 at reference point to be measured place, and these two spirit-leveling instruments 04 are calibrated.Simultaneously steel disk chi 1 is observed with these two spirit-leveling instruments 05 respectively by two survey crews again; And the observed result note is gone to observation for the first time; Then the position of two spirit-leveling instruments 04 is exchanged and after transposing, simultaneously steel disk chi 01 is observed once more; And observed result note returned observation, and when toward, when returning measuring error in the measuring process less than 1mm, the end measurement.When carrying out spirit-leveling instrument observation, measure and write down the temperature at steel disk chi two ends, ask its mean value.And measure the height of spirit-leveling instrument 04 through levelling pole 06.Then observed result is calculated; To draw the dispersed elevation error that comes and goes twice observation; And measurement result carried out compensating computation; Treat record and the errorless laggard line data adjustment of each item limit difference inspection, at last by the long correction of the rectangular formula slipstick of chi and temperature correction to draw the height value of final reference point or datum line.
There is following problem in this measuring method: the first, and workload is big, and needs many group staff to cooperate could to accomplish measurement, the manpower and materials of labor; The second, the accuracy of measurement result receives the influence of environment bigger, instability, and such as in observation process, the steel disk chi is very easily affected by environment and rock or be shifted, and then causes the accuracy of measurement result low; The 3rd, when different survey crews was observed spirit-leveling instrument, the collimation error was different, causes the error of measurement result bigger; The 4th, because precise leveling is relatively stricter to the requirement of front and back sighting distance difference, so must carry out very flexible in strict accordance with Code for engineering surveying.
In addition, in the engineering survey field, also normal employing trigonometric levelling method is measured the elevation of measuring distance at the remote point more than several kilometers.Concrete operation method is following: with total powerstation be erected at known point directly over; Get the height of known point with the steel disk dipstick metering to the measuring center point of total powerstation; Then centering rod is placed on the tested point; With this total powerstation it is measured again, write down horizontal range and vertical angle value between the measuring center point of center and total powerstation of prism of this centering rod.And then calculate the elevation of tested point with respect to known point according to the computing formula of trigonometric levelling.
Though the operation of this method is comparatively simple, owing to the error of centering rod itself is 5mm, known point reaches 2mm to the error of the height of the measuring center point of total powerstation, and measuring accuracy is lower, causes through the accuracy of the elevation of the tested point that calculates lower.In addition; Because total powerstation is to adopt it is arrived this tested point and turn back to the measurement of used time of total powerstation towards the light that tested point sends to calculate the distance between total powerstation and the tested point; Those skilled in the art generally believes that the trigonometric levelling method only is applied to measuring distance just can reach the second-order levelling of stipulating in the Code for engineering surveying at least when the telemeasurement more than thousands of meters precision; And when measuring distance has only hundreds of rice even tens meters; The time period that light beam is propagated between total powerstation and tested point is too short; Total powerstation can't be measured the employed time of beam propagation, and then can't calculate between total powerstation and the tested point distance accurately, so suitablely carry out short distance and measure.Again because nuclear power station engineering zone is less; Mostly within one square kilometre of scope; Wherein, The maximal side in installation work zone is no more than 300m (rice), and the inner maximum length of side of nuclear island is no more than 40m, therefore can not adopt the trigonometric levelling method that the elevation of the benchmark of the measurement of the nuclear power generating equipment installing and locating in the nuclear power engineering is measured.
Summary of the invention
When measuring the elevation of the benchmark in the nuclear power engineering for solving the employing prior art; The surveying work amount is big; The labor intensive material resources are big; The low Trigonometric Leveling by Total Station measuring method that reaches of measuring accuracy can not be applied in the technological prejudice in the nuclear power engineering, and the present invention proposes a kind of method of measuring the elevation of the benchmark in the nuclear power engineering, and this method comprises the steps:
The first step, selected at least one basis of reference in measuring the place, and set the survey station point, and make the total powerstation that is positioned on this survey station point can observe benchmark to be measured and said basis of reference;
Second step was placed in total powerstation on the said survey station point, opened said total powerstation and calibrated;
In the 3rd step, will measure accessory and place on the target to be measured, and said target to be measured is said basis of reference and benchmark to be measured:
When said target to be measured was, said measurement accessory was the centering hammer, said centering hammer is stood up respectively on said basis of reference and benchmark to be measured, and make the said total powerstation of prism alignment of said centering hammer, and horizontal bubble is in the middle position;
When target to be measured was line, said measurement accessory was a reflector plate, two said reflector plates is attached to respectively on the plane at reference curve and datum line to be measured place, and the horizontal line on the said reflector plate is overlapped with datum line;
The 4th step, measure and the data that measure are carried out computing, draw the elevation of said benchmark to be measured with respect to said basis of reference:
When said target to be measured is point; Measure earlier the height of eye journey of the height of instrument and the said centering hammer of said total powerstation respectively; Respectively the centering hammer that is positioned on said basis of reference and the benchmark to be measured is measured with said total powerstation again; And measuring center point and horizontal range value between the hammer of the centering on the said basis of reference and vertically measuring center point and the horizontal range value between the centering on the said benchmark to be measured is hammered into shape and the vertical angle value of angle value and said total powerstation of the said total powerstation that measures of record respectively; With said total powerstation the data that measure are carried out computing again, draw the elevation of said benchmark to be measured with respect to said basis of reference;
When said target to be measured is line; Make the measurement sight line of said total powerstation aim at the horizontal line on the said reflector plate earlier; Measure again; And write down horizontal range value and vertical horizontal range value and the vertical angle value between the measuring center point of angle value and said datum line to be measured and said total powerstation between the measuring center point of said reference curve and said total powerstation respectively; With said total powerstation the data that measure are carried out computing again, draw the elevation of said benchmark to be measured with respect to said basis of reference;
The 5th step, the confirmatory measurement data:
Respectively the measurement accessory that is positioned on said benchmark to be measured and the basis of reference is measured earlier with said total powerstation, and respectively record measure at the horizontal range value between the measuring center point of the measurement accessory on the said benchmark to be measured and said total powerstation and vertical angle value and horizontal range value between the measuring center point of measurement accessory on the said basis of reference and said total powerstation and vertical angle value;
Then data that measure and the data that measure in the 4th step are compared; If the measuring center point of total powerstation described in these two groups of data and in the error of the measuring center point of the error of the horizontal range between the measurement accessory on the said benchmark to be measured and said total powerstation and the horizontal range between the measurement accessory on the said basis of reference all less than 1 millimeter; Then measurement result is qualified, otherwise measures again.
The method of this measuring basis elevation; Simple to operate, workload is less, and it is low to measure cost; And measuring accuracy is high; Overcome the low technological prejudice of minor face trigonometric levelling precision, trigonometric levelling has been applied in the nuclear power engineering, practiced thrift the cost of the elevation of measuring nuclear power generating equipment installation or measuring benchmark.
Preferably, the angle measurement accuracy of said total powerstation is higher than 0.5 ", the measuring distance precision is higher than 1+1ppm.Adopt such total powerstation, can guarantee that measuring accuracy can reach the measuring accuracy of the second-order levelling of stipulating in the Code for engineering surveying.
Preferably, in the first step of this method, be α at total powerstation on the said survey station point and the vertical angle between said basis of reference and said benchmark to be measured, and α ∈ [25 °, 0 °] or [0 °, 25 °].Like this, the error of the elevation that can reduce to record through the observational error that reduces vertical angle improves measuring accuracy.Because in trigonometric levelling; Current, backsight is apart from difference during less than 200 meters; Vertical error by the sighting distance difference causes can be ignored; So can be further, in the first step of this method, in the measuring center point of the total powerstation on the said survey station point and the sighting distance difference between said basis of reference and the said benchmark to be measured less than 200 meters.
Preferably, in the 3rd step of this method, use same centering hammer to cooperate said total powerstation respectively said basis of reference and said benchmark to be measured to be measured.
Preferably, in the 4th step of this method, said basis of reference and said benchmark to be measured are carried out at least twice measurement respectively.Further, in the 4th step of this method, when said benchmark to be measured is point, when measuring, make the prism facets of the prism on the said centering hammer vertical with the measurement sight line of said total powerstation.Like this, can further improve measuring accuracy.
Preferably, earlier that said centering hammer is vertically fixing when measuring the height of eye journey of said centering hammer, and horizontal bubble is placed in the middle; The horizontal line of sight of a spirit-leveling instrument is aimed at the minimum point of said centering hammer, the horizontal line of sight of another spirit-leveling instrument is aimed at the center of the prism of said centering hammer, and vertical with the prism facets of said prism again; Then the indium steel ruler is placed between two said spirit-leveling instruments, and make the horizontal bubble of indium steel ruler placed in the middle, and obtain two readings on the said indium steel ruler, the absolute difference that calculates these two readings draws the height of eye journey of said centering hammer.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram that the available technology adopting leveling measuring method is measured the elevation of benchmark to be measured;
Fig. 2 adopts the trigonometric levelling method to measure the synoptic diagram of the elevation of benchmark to be measured among the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of used reflector plate among the present invention.
Embodiment
For satisfying in the nuclear power engineering requirement to the reference measurement precision; The angle measurement accuracy of employed total powerstation is higher than 0.5 among the present invention "; the measuring distance precision is higher than 1+1ppm (ppm refers to micrometre, be that the unit of error of 1000000mm distance be 1mm to 1km (km)).
When adopting the inventive method that the benchmark to be measured in the nuclear power engineering is measured, comprise the steps:
The first step, set the survey station point:
The point of elder generation's arbitrarily selected known elevation in measuring the place or line are as the basis of reference of the elevation of measuring benchmark to be measured.Here said basis of reference can be measure in the place ground arbitrarily a bit or be positioned at a line on the vertical plane, also can be the benchmark that the upper level of this measurement measures.Preferably, when benchmark to be measured was a point, selected basis of reference also was a point; When benchmark to be measured was a line, selected basis of reference also was a line.Preferably, when in measuring the place, also having the benchmark of other known elevations, can choose the elevation that two or more basiss of reference are measured benchmark to be measured, to improve the absolutely accurate property of measuring.In measuring the place, choose a survey station point again, and total powerstation is placed in this survey station point last time can observes basis of reference and benchmark to be measured.When setting survey station point; The point that preferably can make vertical angle and the vertical angle α between total powerstation and the benchmark to be measured between total powerstation and the basis of reference all be no more than 25 ° is the survey station point; Promptly when vertical angle is the angle of depression, its span is-25 °≤α≤0 °, when vertical angle is the elevation angle; Its span is 0 °≤α≤25 °, with the influence to vertical accuracy of the observational error that reduces vertical angle.Preferably, when total powerstation is positioned at survey station point last time, the measuring center point of total powerstation and the sighting distance difference between basis of reference and the benchmark to be measured are less than 200m, with the vertical error that reduces to be caused by front and back sighting distance difference.
Second step was placed in the survey station point with total powerstation, then this total powerstation is opened and it is calibrated.
In the 3rd step, will measure accessory (centering hammer or reflector plate) and place on the target to be measured, promptly on basis of reference and the benchmark to be measured.
When target to be measured is a point; As shown in Figure 2; Two micro lever 1 (the centering hammer that those skilled in the art often say) are stood up respectively on basis of reference point 2 (those skilled in the art is called backsight point with this point usually) and reference point to be measured 3 (those skilled in the art is called preceding viewpoint with this point usually); And make the prism alignment total powerstation 4 of centering hammer 1, horizontal bubble is in the middle position.Preferably, use same centering hammer to cooperate total powerstation respectively basis of reference point and reference point to be measured to be measured.Like this, only need measure the height of eye journey of a centering hammer, reduce measuring error and reduced the workload of measuring.
When target to be measured is a line, two reflector plates as shown in Figure 35 is attached to respectively on the plane at reference curve and datum line to be measured place, and the horizontal line 6 on the reflector plate 5 is overlapped with datum line.When concrete operations; Both can be the staff with hand or utilize other instruments reflector plate to be pressed on the plane at datum line place the horizontal line on the reflector plate is overlapped with datum line, also can be reflector plate to be sticked on the plane that datum line belongs to the horizontal line on the reflector plate is overlapped with datum line.
In the 4th step, measurement is also handled the data that measure, and draws the elevation of benchmark to be measured with respect to basis of reference.
When benchmark to be measured is reference point; Measure earlier the height of eye journey of centering hammer and the height of instrument of total powerstation respectively; Re-use this total powerstation and respectively the centering hammer that is positioned on basis of reference and the benchmark to be measured is measured, and the horizontal range value between the measuring center point of the centering hammer of basis of reference and this total powerstation that measures of record and vertically angle value and horizontal range value between the measuring center point of the hammer of the centering on the benchmark to be measured and this total powerstation and vertical angle value respectively; When benchmark to be measured is datum line; Make the measurement sight line of total powerstation aim at the horizontal line on the reflector plate earlier; Measure again, and write down horizontal range value and vertical horizontal range value and the vertical angle value between the measuring center point of angle value and datum line to be measured and total powerstation between the measuring center point of reference curve and total powerstation respectively.And then with total powerstation the data that measure are handled, calculate the elevation of benchmark to be measured with respect to basis of reference.Preferably, when measuring, the prism of adjustment centering hammer makes its prism facets vertical with the measurement sight line of total powerstation, reducing measuring error, and then the raising accuracy of measurement.Preferably, basis of reference and benchmark to be measured are carried out respectively twice or twice above measurement, the measuring error of choosing and write down the horizontal range that measures at 1mm with interior measurement data.
When measuring the height of eye journey of centering hammer, can preferably measure the height of centering hammer with two spirit-leveling instrument utilization card collimation methods.Promptly earlier that the centering hammer is vertically fixing, and make its horizontal bubble be in the middle position, the centering hammer is in the vertical shape; The horizontal line of sight of a spirit-leveling instrument is aimed at the minimum point of this centering hammer, the horizontal line of sight of another spirit-leveling instrument is aimed at the center of the prism of this centering hammer, and vertical with prism facets again; Then the indium steel ruler is placed between two spirit-leveling instruments, and make the horizontal bubble of indium steel ruler placed in the middle, and see to the indium steel ruler, draw two readings on the indium steel ruler, calculate the absolute difference of two readings, promptly obtain the height of eye journey of centering hammer along the horizontal line of sight of spirit-leveling instrument.
When measuring the height of total powerstation; With total powerstation basis of reference is measured earlier; Obtain horizontal range value and vertical angle value between the measuring center point of this basis of reference and total powerstation; Handle measuring data by total powerstation again, draw the horizontal line of sight of total powerstation and the difference of elevation between the basis of reference, i.e. the height of instrument of this total powerstation.
The 5th step, the confirmatory measurement data.
Elder generation measures the centering hammer or the reflector plate that are positioned on the benchmark to be measured with total powerstation, and record measures measuring center point and the horizontal range value between centering hammer or the reflector plate and vertical angle value of this total powerstation.Re-use this total powerstation the centering hammer or the reflector plate that are positioned on the basis of reference are measured, and record measures measuring center point and the horizontal range value between centering hammer or the reflector plate and vertical angle value of this total powerstation.Certainly, also can measure the centering hammer or the reflector plate that are positioned on the basis of reference earlier, again the centering hammer or the reflector plate that are positioned on the benchmark to be measured measured.Measuring sequence during preferred employing goes on foot with the 4th measuring sequence of backward is each other measured.
The data that measure in then the data that measure and the 4th being gone on foot compare; If the error of the error of the measuring center point of the total powerstation in these two groups of data and the horizontal range between hammer of the centering on the benchmark to be measured or reflector plate and the measuring center point of total powerstation and the horizontal range between the basis of reference is all less than 1mm; Then measurement result is qualified, otherwise remeasures.
Because the present invention adopts unidirectional trigonometric levelling method to measure with the adjust the distance point of horizontal range in 10～500m scope of this total powerstation of total powerstation.Like this, can calculate the elevation of benchmark B to be measured according to formula (1) with respect to basis of reference A.
h
AB＝S
ABSin(α
AB-γ
A)+i
A-v
B+D
2/2R
A (1)
Wherein:
S is the distance between benchmark B to be measured and the basis of reference A;
α be when having vertical refraction to influence benchmark to be measured with respect to the vertical refraction angle of basis of reference A;
γ is that benchmark B to be measured is with respect to the vertical refraction angle of basis of reference A on observed ray;
I is the height of instrument that is positioned at the total powerstation on the basis of reference A;
V is the height of eye journey that is positioned at the centering hammer on the benchmark B to be measured;
D
2/ 2R is earth curvature, D=S in the present invention
AB
R is earth radius (6370 km).
Can know that by formula (1) measuring error of S, α, γ, i and v all can impact the precision of benchmark to be measured with respect to the elevation of basis of reference, cause its error to increase.Concrete condition is following:
The first, the vertical error m that causes of Vertical right angle observation error
1
The Vertical right angle observation error is mainly by the angle error m of total powerstation
αCause with sighting mark error.Because sighting mark error is accidental error, and can be different, so the vertical error that is caused by the Vertical right angle observation error can use formula (2) to calculate because of the difference of surveying work personnel's measurement level of skill and parallax.
Wherein, S is the measuring center point of total powerstation and the horizontal range between the tested point, m
αBe the angle error of total powerstation, ρ=206265 ".
Owing to adopt TS30 or TCA2003 intelligence total powerstation that tested point is carried out many survey time when measuring; Angle measurement accuracy can reach 0.5 "; even be superior to 0.5 ",, can certainly adopt the higher total powerstation of measuring accuracy so when embodiment of the present invention, preferably adopt these two kinds of intelligent total powerstations to measure.Adopting TCA2003 intelligence total powerstation that tested point is measured, and measuring distance is 10～500m, when α is 5 °～30 °, as shown in table 1 according to the vertical error that causes by the Vertical right angle observation error that formula (2) calculates.
Table 1:
The second, range observation error m
sThe vertical error m that causes
2
Owing to use total powerstation when tested point is carried out range observation; Except that the manufacturing accuracy of total powerstation itself; The influence that also can receive factors such as external environment such as temperature, humidity and atmosphere refractive power produces measuring error; Wherein, the distance accuracy of TS30 intelligence total powerstation is (0.6+1ppm), meter range observation error m
s=(0.6+10
-6S) distance accuracy of mm, TCA2003 intelligence total powerstation is (1+1ppm), i.e. range observation error m
s=(1+10
-6S) mm.When adopting these two kinds of total powerstations that tested point is measured, can calculate range observation error m according to formula (3)
sTo the influence of vertical error, promptly measuring distance is to the influence of vertical error.
m
2＝m
stanα (3)
Wherein, m
sBe the range observation error of total powerstation, α is the measuring center point of total powerstation and the vertical angle between the tested point.
Table 2 is depicted as vertical angle α=25 °, and measuring distance is in 10m～600m the time, and measuring distance is to the influence of vertical error.
Table 2:
Can know by formula (3), when using same total powerstation that tested point is measured, when the vertical angle angle identical, the range observation error not simultaneously, vertical error is also different, promptly vertical error can be different and different with measuring distance.Be shown in the table 2-1 when adopting TCA2003 intelligence total powerstation that tested point is measured, measuring distance is to the influence of vertical error.
Table 2-1:
Three, the vertical error m that causes of atmosphere refractive power
3
Because the density of atmosphere and the brightness of light all change with the variation of environment, can reflect when causing light in atmosphere, to be propagated.So when using total powerstation to send light beam to come tested point measured, the vertical error m that produces because of the atmosphere refractive power
3, can calculate according to formula (4).
M wherein
Δ k=± 0.03, S is a measuring distance, and R is an earth radius.
Table 3 is depicted as and adopts TCA2003 intelligence total powerstation to adjust the distance tested point in this total powerstation 10m～600m scope when measuring, and the atmosphere refractive power is to the influence of vertical error.
Table 3:
Can know that by table 3 during less than 300 meters, the atmosphere refractive power is 0.1mm to having the greatest impact of vertical error at measuring distance; When measuring distance is 500 meters; The atmosphere refractive power is less than 0.3mm to the influence of vertical error; And the measuring distance of the measurement of higher degree in nuclear power engineering can not crossed and exceeds 150 meters; So can the atmosphere refractive power be ignored to the influence of vertical error, satisfy that measurement of higher degree precision is the requirement of 1mm in the nuclear power engineering.
Four, the vertical error m that causes of the measuring error of height of eye journey v or the reflector plate of the height of instrument i of total powerstation and centering hammer
4
Owing to adopt among the present invention total powerstation that basis of reference and benchmark to be measured are measured, so the i.e. height of instrument i of this total powerstation of the horizontal line of sight of this total powerstation and the difference of elevation between the basis of reference; When benchmark to be measured is, draw the height of eye journey v of centering hammer with two spirit-leveling instrument utilization card line measurements; When benchmark to be measured is line, directly the center that is attached to the reflector plate on the datum line to be measured on the vertical wall is measured with total powerstation, v is zero.
When not considering the measuring error of pointing error and instrument itself; The measuring error of the height of eye journey v of the height of instrument i of total powerstation and centering hammer all can be considered zero, and the vertical error that the measuring error of the height of eye journey of therefore being hammered into shape by the height of instrument of total powerstation and centering causes also can be ignored.
When adopting the reflector plate measuring distance, the measuring distance precision was the highest when reflector plate was vertical with sight line, less than 1mm; Measure when becoming 45 ° apart from the minimum 3mm of being of precision with sight line.Getting 2 times of maximum limit differences calculates; Error during reflector plate out of plumb sight line to the influence of horizontal range is
wherein, S is that the survey station point is to the horizontal range between the tested point.When S got 1.7 meters of the shortest sighting distances (this moment, error effect was maximum) of total powerstation, error to the influence of horizontal range was:
When adopting reflector plate to measure elevation, when observation angle was got maximum 25 °, because the metope that reflector plate is pasted is vertical, the angle between sight line and the reflector plate was 65 °.In the measurement sight line of total powerstation vertical with reflector plate be angle when being 90 ° the measuring distance precision be up to 1mm; When the measurement sight line of total powerstation and the angle between the reflector plate are 45 °; The measuring distance precision is minimum to be 3mm; Can know that by error normal distribution principle when the angle between sight line and the reflector plate was 65 °, range measurement accuracy did not still exceed 1mm.
So the droop error of reflector plate in actual measurement is very little to the influence of horizontal range and elevation, and reflector plate more far influences just more for a short time apart from total powerstation, can ignore.
To sum up, in the present invention the measuring error of height of eye journey v or the reflector plate of the height of instrument i of total powerstation and centering hammer to the vertical error m of trigonometric levelling
4Influence very little, can ignore.
Five, the vertical error m that causes of plumb line deviation
5
Plumb line deviation is by the vertical line of survey station point and target to be measured and normal direction is inconsistent causes.Be illustrated in after deliberation when measuring in the scope of measuring distance less than 300km, plumb line deviation can be ignored to the influence of elevation.And in nuclear power engineering, the ultimate range that installs and measures is 0.3km, and much smaller than 300km, and the middle error of plumb line deviation is m
Δ u=± 0.1 ", so at measuring distance during less than 0.3km, the vertical error m that causes by plumb line deviation
5Can ignore.
Six, the error m that causes of sighting distance difference
6
The precision of the elevation that trigonometric levelling obtains mainly receives the influence of observational error of measuring error and the vertical angle of distance, and TS30 and TCA2003 intelligence total powerstation angle measurement nominal accuracy are 0.5 ", general actual observation precision is all less than 0.5 ".Can calculate in the short distance trigonometric levelling according to formula (5), different front and back sighting distance difference is to the influence of vertical error.
Wherein, m
hBe the vertical error that the sighting distance difference causes, D
1Be forward sight distance, D
2Be backsight distance, m
τBe the instrument angle error, ρ is 206265 ".
Shown in the table 4 is TCA2003 intelligence total powerstation apart from the influence to vertical error when 0～200m of the range difference of its forward and backward viewpoint.When actual measurement, front and back sighting distance difference is all less than 200m.
Table 4:
Can know from table 4; Spacing between total powerstation and preceding viewpoint and backsight point is not more than 500m; Before and after sighting distance difference during from 0m to 200m, to the 0.104mm just of having the greatest impact of vertical error (error when promptly not having the sighting distance difference-when the sighting distance difference is 200m error 0.618-0.514=0.104).Because; The forward and backward sighting distance length overall of the measurement of in nuclear power engineering, carrying out is no more than 150m; The sighting distance difference is no more than 100m; So the vertical error by front and back sighting distance difference causes is poor much smaller than the limit of second-order levelling, so can ignore requirement when in nuclear power engineering, carrying out trigonometric levelling to the front and back sighting distance.Therefore, in nuclear power engineering, the survey station point of placing total powerstation can arbitrarily be provided with, and limited by the place flexibly and not.
To sum up can know,, all can ignore by the vertical error that measuring error, plumb line deviation, the sighting distance difference of the height of the height of atmosphere refractive power, total powerstation and centering hammer or reflector plate causes when measuring distance during less than 500 meters.Because the vertical error of the trigonometric levelling that the total powerstation that adopts carries out can calculate according to formula (6).
So the vertical error that adopts total powerstation in nuclear power engineering, to carry out trigonometric levelling can calculate according to formula (7) and (8).
Above-mentioned each item error is m to the combined effect of vertical error
H is right, get 2m
H is rightPoor with the second-order levelling limit of stipulating in the Code for engineering surveying
(L refers to the measurement route spacing and leaves) compares, and its result is as shown in table 5.
Table 5:
By knowing in the table 5, distance takes measurement of an angle when surpassing 15 ° in 50m; Though it is poor that 2 times of errors exceed the second-order levelling limit basically; Vertical error all in 1mm, therefore, does not exceed 500 meters in distance; When vertical angle did not exceed 25 °, the measuring accuracy that TS30, TCA2003 intelligence total powerstation carry out the minor face trigonometric levelling all can reach the second-order levelling precision.
To sum up can know; The measuring accuracy that the employing total powerstation that the present invention proposes carries out the measurement result that the minor face trigonometric levelling draws can reach nuclear power and install or measure the second-order levelling precision that reaches of requiring; Can use in the nuclear power engineering, overcome the low technological prejudice of minor face trigonometric levelling precision.
Claims (8)
1. a method of measuring the elevation of the benchmark in the nuclear power engineering is characterized in that, this method comprises the steps:
The first step, selected at least one basis of reference in measuring the place, and set the survey station point, and make the total powerstation that is positioned on this survey station point can observe benchmark to be measured and said basis of reference;
Second step was placed in total powerstation on the said survey station point, opened said total powerstation and calibrated;
In the 3rd step, will measure accessory and place on the target to be measured, and said target to be measured is said basis of reference and benchmark to be measured:
When said target to be measured was, said measurement accessory was the centering hammer, said centering hammer is stood up respectively on said basis of reference and benchmark to be measured, and make the said total powerstation of prism alignment of said centering hammer, and horizontal bubble is in the middle position;
When target to be measured was line, said measurement accessory was a reflector plate, two said reflector plates is attached to respectively on the plane at reference curve and datum line to be measured place, and the horizontal line on the said reflector plate is overlapped with datum line;
The 4th step, measure and the data that measure are carried out computing, draw the elevation of said benchmark to be measured with respect to said basis of reference:
When said target to be measured is point; Measure earlier the height of eye journey of the height of instrument and the said centering hammer of said total powerstation respectively; Respectively the centering hammer that is positioned on said basis of reference and the benchmark to be measured is measured with said total powerstation again; And measuring center point and horizontal range value between the hammer of the centering on the said basis of reference and vertically measuring center point and the horizontal range value between the centering on the said benchmark to be measured is hammered into shape and the vertical angle value of angle value and said total powerstation of the said total powerstation that measures of record respectively; With said total powerstation the data that measure are carried out computing again, draw the elevation of said benchmark to be measured with respect to said basis of reference;
When said target to be measured is line; Make the measurement sight line of said total powerstation aim at the horizontal line on the said reflector plate earlier; Measure again; And write down horizontal range value and vertical horizontal range value and the vertical angle value between the measuring center point of angle value and said datum line to be measured and said total powerstation between the measuring center point of said reference curve and said total powerstation respectively; With said total powerstation the data that measure are carried out computing again, draw the elevation of said benchmark to be measured with respect to said basis of reference;
The 5th step, the confirmatory measurement data:
Respectively the measurement accessory that is positioned on said benchmark to be measured and the basis of reference is measured earlier with said total powerstation, and respectively record measure at the horizontal range value between the measuring center point of the measurement accessory on the said benchmark to be measured and said total powerstation and vertical angle value and horizontal range value between the measuring center point of measurement accessory on the said basis of reference and said total powerstation and vertical angle value; Then data that measure and the data that measure in the 4th step are compared; If the measuring center point of total powerstation described in these two groups of data and in the error of the measuring center point of the error of the horizontal range between the measurement accessory on the said benchmark to be measured and said total powerstation and the horizontal range between the measurement accessory on the said basis of reference all less than 1 millimeter; Then measurement result is qualified, otherwise measures again.
2. the method for the elevation of the benchmark in the measurement nuclear power engineering according to claim 1 is characterized in that the angle measurement accuracy of said total powerstation is higher than 0.5 ", the measuring distance precision is higher than 1+1ppm.
3. the method for the elevation of the benchmark in the measurement nuclear power engineering according to claim 1 and 2; It is characterized in that; In the first step of this method, be α at total powerstation on the said survey station point and the vertical angle between said basis of reference and said benchmark to be measured, and [25 ° of α ∈; 0 °] or [0 °, 25 °].
4. the method for the elevation of the benchmark in the measurement nuclear power engineering according to claim 1 and 2; It is characterized in that; In the first step of this method, in the measuring center point of the total powerstation on the said survey station point and the sighting distance difference between said basis of reference and the said benchmark to be measured less than 200 meters.
5. the method for the elevation of the benchmark in the measurement nuclear power engineering according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, in the 3rd step of this method, uses same centering hammer to cooperate said total powerstation respectively said basis of reference and said benchmark to be measured to be measured.
6. according to the method for the elevation of the benchmark in claim 1 or the described measurement nuclear power engineering, it is characterized in that, in the 4th step of this method, said basis of reference and said benchmark to be measured are carried out at least twice measurement respectively.
7. the method for the elevation of the benchmark in the measurement nuclear power engineering according to claim 1 and 2; It is characterized in that, in the 4th step of this method, when said benchmark to be measured is point; When measuring, make the prism facets of the prism on the said centering hammer vertical with the measurement sight line of said total powerstation.
8. the method for the elevation of the benchmark in the measurement nuclear power engineering according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, and is earlier that said centering hammer is vertically fixing when measuring the height of eye journey of said centering hammer, and horizontal bubble is placed in the middle; The horizontal line of sight of a spirit-leveling instrument is aimed at the minimum point of said centering hammer, the horizontal line of sight of another spirit-leveling instrument is aimed at the center of the prism of said centering hammer, and vertical with the prism facets of said prism again; Then the indium steel ruler is placed between two said spirit-leveling instruments, and make the horizontal bubble of indium steel ruler placed in the middle, and obtain two readings on the said indium steel ruler, the absolute difference that calculates these two readings draws the height of eye journey of said centering hammer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210112136.2A CN102607516B (en) | 2012-04-17 | 2012-04-17 | Method for measuring standard elevation in nuclear power engineering |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210112136.2A CN102607516B (en) | 2012-04-17 | 2012-04-17 | Method for measuring standard elevation in nuclear power engineering |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102607516A true CN102607516A (en) | 2012-07-25 |
| CN102607516B CN102607516B (en) | 2015-07-08 |
Family
ID=46525121
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210112136.2A Active CN102607516B (en) | 2012-04-17 | 2012-04-17 | Method for measuring standard elevation in nuclear power engineering |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102607516B (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102865852A (en) * | 2012-09-10 | 2013-01-09 | 中国测绘科学研究院 | Elevation calibration method and device for digital elevation model data |
| CN102966015A (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2013-03-13 | 中铁建电气化局集团第五工程有限公司 | Ring network trackless measurement construction method |
| CN105823491A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-08-03 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | Electronic level meter calibrating device and method |
| CN107290719A (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2017-10-24 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | A kind of surveying and locating method, apparatus and system |
| CN108195402A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-06-22 | 中矿金业股份有限公司 | Total powerstation high inclination-angle analysis of measurement errors and correcting method |
| CN108426522A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-08-21 | 河北省安装工程有限公司 | A kind of pipe element spatial position method of sampling |
| CN109186544A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-01-11 | 湖南联智桥隧技术有限公司 | A kind of method and device for facing the measurement of higher degree of sky interface |
| CN114838717A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-08-02 | 中铁十六局集团路桥工程有限公司 | Method for monitoring deflection in real time in pushing process of steel truss girder |
| CN115930927A (en) * | 2023-03-09 | 2023-04-07 | 中铁六局集团天津铁路建设有限公司 | Concrete bridge linear control measuring device |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060170908A1 (en) * | 2005-01-12 | 2006-08-03 | Andreas Glimm | Inclination detection methods and apparatus |
| CN101124455A (en) * | 2005-01-12 | 2008-02-13 | 特林布尔公司 | Compensated measurement of angular displacement |
| JP2008180720A (en) * | 2008-02-01 | 2008-08-07 | Topcon Corp | Geodetic system |
| EP2194399A1 (en) * | 2008-12-03 | 2010-06-09 | Leica Geosystems AG | Position determination procedure and geodata measuring system |
-
2012
- 2012-04-17 CN CN201210112136.2A patent/CN102607516B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060170908A1 (en) * | 2005-01-12 | 2006-08-03 | Andreas Glimm | Inclination detection methods and apparatus |
| CN101124455A (en) * | 2005-01-12 | 2008-02-13 | 特林布尔公司 | Compensated measurement of angular displacement |
| JP2008180720A (en) * | 2008-02-01 | 2008-08-07 | Topcon Corp | Geodetic system |
| EP2194399A1 (en) * | 2008-12-03 | 2010-06-09 | Leica Geosystems AG | Position determination procedure and geodata measuring system |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 蔡永茂: "《核电站核岛内高空测量全站仪无天底仪对中技术》", 《测 绘 通 报》, no. 9, 31 December 2010 (2010-12-31), pages 66 - 68 * |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102865852A (en) * | 2012-09-10 | 2013-01-09 | 中国测绘科学研究院 | Elevation calibration method and device for digital elevation model data |
| CN102966015A (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2013-03-13 | 中铁建电气化局集团第五工程有限公司 | Ring network trackless measurement construction method |
| CN102966015B (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2015-04-01 | 中铁建电气化局集团第五工程有限公司 | Ring network trackless measurement construction method |
| CN105823491A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-08-03 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | Electronic level meter calibrating device and method |
| CN107290719B (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2020-02-14 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Measurement lofting method, device and system |
| CN107290719A (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2017-10-24 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | A kind of surveying and locating method, apparatus and system |
| CN108195402A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-06-22 | 中矿金业股份有限公司 | Total powerstation high inclination-angle analysis of measurement errors and correcting method |
| CN108426522A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-08-21 | 河北省安装工程有限公司 | A kind of pipe element spatial position method of sampling |
| CN108426522B (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2019-12-17 | 河北省安装工程有限公司 | Pipeline member space position sampling method |
| CN109186544A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-01-11 | 湖南联智桥隧技术有限公司 | A kind of method and device for facing the measurement of higher degree of sky interface |
| CN114838717A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-08-02 | 中铁十六局集团路桥工程有限公司 | Method for monitoring deflection in real time in pushing process of steel truss girder |
| CN115930927A (en) * | 2023-03-09 | 2023-04-07 | 中铁六局集团天津铁路建设有限公司 | Concrete bridge linear control measuring device |
| CN115930927B (en) * | 2023-03-09 | 2023-05-16 | 中铁六局集团天津铁路建设有限公司 | Linear control measuring device for concrete bridge |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102607516B (en) | 2015-07-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102607516B (en) | Method for measuring standard elevation in nuclear power engineering | |
| CN206090317U (en) | High pier slip form construction perpendicularity control device | |
| CN103499340B (en) | Measurement device and measurement method for vertical great-height difference height transmission | |
| CN102944228A (en) | Adjustable precise lofting device | |
| CN102278970B (en) | Technique for monitoring positioning and deformation based on angular distance difference of total station | |
| CN205300569U (en) | Tunnel warp monitoring facilities and system | |
| CN108253930A (en) | One kind has runed more river subway tunnel TERM DEFORMATION monitoring method | |
| CN102788594B (en) | A kind of total powerstation or the bearing calibration of transit centralizer | |
| CN104567800A (en) | Transmitting and measuring method of sea-crossing height | |
| CN107238377B (en) | A kind of measurement method suitable for large underground hole speedy lofting bolthole position | |
| CN101464146B (en) | Measuring method and apparatus for accurately transmitting ground bench level to overhead viaduct | |
| CN102518013A (en) | Method for construction of measurement and pavement of GRP (ground reference point) of ballastless track reference network | |
| CN102967237A (en) | Multifunctional measuring apparatus for erecting main cable strand of suspension bridge | |
| CN206540548U (en) | The total powerstation of function is measured with instrument high precision | |
| CN107121133A (en) | A kind of subway work vertical shaft connection triangle alignment system | |
| CN204329957U (en) | Transect layout device | |
| CN108020215B (en) | Total station and using method thereof | |
| CN202788804U (en) | Laser calibration device for measuring angle difference of directional well project | |
| CN104121897A (en) | Conveniently-operated satellite positioning measuring rod | |
| CN103542836B (en) | A kind of method measuring control point settlement deformation of subway station | |
| CN104374378A (en) | Method for observing surface subsidence deformation | |
| CN101685011B (en) | Precise levelling method by total station | |
| CN203964916U (en) | The satellite positioning surveys bar of handled easily | |
| CN105258566B (en) | Method for obtaining reference azimuth by means of rocket aiming system through aiming scaleplate and reference point | |
| CN101556144A (en) | Laser longitude and latitude multifunctional fast arc-measuring apparatus as well as measuring and calculating method thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |