Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is: for above-mentioned Problems existing, provides a kind of trackless to measure construction method.
It is as follows that the trackless that the present invention adopts measures construction method:
1, measurement data prepares
1-1, collect track unit and to lay a railway track data, track data of laying a railway track comprise the Track desigh height at (being generally about 6 meters) the corresponding kilometer post place arranged at interval of several meters of spans, obtain the altitude figures table of track.
1-2, the stake tables of data of collecting in tunnel, obtain stake and have kilometer post altitude figures.
2, enforcement is measured
2-1, determine to control basic point and measurement point
2-1-1, determine control basic point:
In the stake tables of data of collecting, find the stake of tunnel portal, control basic point as first.According to the stake tables of data of collecting, determine kilometer post data M and the altitude figures X of the first control basic point;
2-1-2, determine measurement point:
The kilometer post data that data of being laid a railway track by the track of collection and first control basic point are compared, and determine to lay a railway track measurement point apart from the nearest track in hole, the first measurement point being just us with this.Track according to collecting is laid a railway track tables of data, determines kilometer post data N and the altitude figures Y of the first measurement point;
2-2, look for and control basic point and measurement point:
2-2-1, find the stake controlling basic point as measurement first at tunnel portal, having set up level meter and having read the rod reading controlling basic point is A.
2-2-2, the first measurement point looked in tunnel:
According to following formula calculate first measurement point rod reading B, be calculated as follows:
B=pre-test point rod reading+pre-test point height-rear measurement point elevation=A+X-Y
Wherein A is the rod reading of the first control basic point, and X is the elevation of the first control basic point, and Y is the elevation that the track of the first measurement point is laid a railway track in tables of data.
Control the kilometer post numerical difference of basic point according to the kilometer post and first of the first measurement point, find the position of the first measurement point.Then be exactly the height of the first measurement point track in the place that the first measurement point position reading rod reading is B with level meter.
2-2-3 in like manner, determines follow-up measurement point successively:
To lay a railway track tables of data by track, determine the kilometer post numerical difference (i.e. orbit measurement point span) of the second measurement point and the first measurement point, and the second measurement point altitude figures Z.According to the level meter rod reading C of formulae discovery second measurement point below, be calculated as follows:
C=B+Y-Z
Wherein B is the rod reading of the first measurement point, and Y is the elevation numerical value of the first measurement point, and Z is the elevation numerical value that the track of the second measurement point is laid a railway track in tables of data.
The position of the second measurement point is found according to the kilometer post numerical difference of the second measurement point and the first measurement point.Then be exactly the height of the second measurement point track in the place that the second measurement point position reading rod reading is C with level meter.
By that analogy, the data of being laid a railway track by track in tables of data, calculated in advance goes out the elevation numerical difference of adjacent fore-and-aft survey point, determine the position of a rear measurement point, and based on the level meter rod reading of the altitude figures of front and back measurement point and previous measurement point orbit altitude, determine the orbit altitude of a rear measurement point.
When measuring distance is longer, when needing to move level meter, should after moving, scale be placed on move before the track eminence of last measurement point measured, again read rod reading D, in tables of data laid a railway track by track, find out the track elevation H at this kilometer post place, in track altitude figures table, find out the track altitude figures I of next measurement point simultaneously, with aforementioned, the rod reading calculating the orbit altitude of next measurement point is E
E=D+H-I
The orbit altitude in whole tunnel can be measured successively.
2-3 repetition measurement, its method is as follows:
2-3-1 determines the accuracy of measurement point orbit altitude data:
The stake of the second control basic point is found in tunnel, control to find a measurement point nearest apart from it in the measurement point marking orbit altitude near basic point second, the rod reading of this measurement point is F, altitude figures is J, in stake tables of data, find the altitude figures of the second measurement basic point to be K, the rod reading G in like manner calculating the second Survey control basic point is:
G=F+J-K
Then Sopwith staff is placed on second to measure on basic point, the rod reading read herein is G ', if the numerical difference of G and G ' is less than or equal to ± and 0.005 meter, continue to measure.If be greater than this Discrepancy Control Area, re-start repetition measurement.
2-3-2 revises measurement point orbit altitude data:
Measure the data of basic point for foundation with second, the rod reading F ' calculating measurement point nearest with it (the first repetition measurement point) is,
F’=G+K-J
The place reading rod reading F ' in the position of the first repetition measurement point is exactly the height of this place's measurement point track again revised.
Again with the data of the first repetition measurement point for foundation, remeasure the orbit altitude of its previous measurement point, method is the same.
Measure successively from back to front according to the requirement of repetition measurement, revise, until the orbit altitude before measured some repetition measurement and the track error after repetition measurement are in range of control.
The orbit altitude of each measurement point adopting said method to measure is connected in tunnel wall, defines orbit altitude line, thus determine the height that support punches.
Be finally the determination of support lateral separation, only need confirm that looped network support installing and evacuation platform buttress mutually intersect to install.
Thinking of the present invention, according to existing data, simulate the laying data of track, the present invention makes full use of the measurement data that existing professional technique provides, in conjunction with the existing measurement markers in working-yard, execute with routine measurement means, can obtain the high looped network of precision build required for support installing altitude information.The present invention constructs under being applicable to subway tunnel 35kV looped network cable trackless condition, is also applicable to other similar engineering, has promotional value.
Embodiment
All features disclosed in this instructions, or the step in disclosed all methods or process, except mutually exclusive feature and/or step, all can combine by any way.
Arbitrary feature disclosed in this instructions (comprising any accessory claim, summary and accompanying drawing), unless specifically stated otherwise, all can be replaced by other equivalences or the alternative features with similar object.That is, unless specifically stated otherwise, each feature is an example in a series of equivalence or similar characteristics.
The interim power transmission scope of Metro Line 2 of Chengdu first stage of the project contact net looped network specialty is left line Shahe fort station owner institute-Hong Liu rolling stock section test run line (five stations four are interval).This time power transmission takes main institute outside line single loop inlet wire, main returns power delivery mode to each station looped network list along the line, and website along the line takes single time 35KV power mode to power.Usual looped network installment work progress as shown in Figure 1; first track 5 laid by the ground 7 in tunnel; then according to orbit altitude; in tunnel wall, corresponding height installs evacuation platform buttress 2; again evacuation platform 1 is installed on buttress; last according to the setting height(from bottom) of cable ring-system support 3 upper strata trailing arm to the distance determination cable bearer of evacuation platform lower surface, after support is in place, then cable 4 is laid on the different trailing arms of support according to different layouts.After all are in place, then subway carriage 6 is lifted on the rail 5.In above-mentioned installment work, the height of evacuation platform is determined by orbit altitude, and the setting height(from bottom) of cable bearer is determined by evacuation platform.Namely the installation of cable bearer is after, evacuation platform complete at track laying completes, and starts location and installation.But arrange according to owner's plan time, in order to work to tight deadlines, when cable bearer is laid, practical situation in tunnel as shown in Figure 2, when support 3 is arranged on tunnel wall 8, be marked with except the fixed peg 9 of elevation absolute altitude, without any the usual object of reference in order to determine support height except just having one at interval of about 100 meters in tunnel.I.e. both rail-free, also without evacuation platform or evacuation platform buttress.Applicant overcomes difficulties, well-organized, reasonable arrangement, when track laying progress pressure is large, active undertaking risk, bold but cautious employing trackless become more meticulous measuring technique contact net, looped network trackless construction, make full use of existing data, simulate the laying data of track, adopt conventional measurement technology, obtain the support installing altitude information required for looped network construction that precision is high, complete the installation of contact net, looped network support, for electrical working time and space business create advantage.And power transmission success, for looped network specialty has completed out a good office comprehensively, provide favourable solid foundation for Line 2 Metro first stage of the project realizes electric leading to.Concrete implementation step is as follows:
1, preparation is measured
1-1, data encasement
1-1-1, acquisition Metro Line 2 of Chengdu trackways engineering construction G-Design-* * * field discrepancy field wire track comprehensive Design figure, field wire (going out field wire) design grade is included in design drawing, vertical curve, the mileage of rail surface and absolute altitude, the data such as rail joint mileage and rail layout.Collect track unit to lay a railway track the mileage (kilometer post) of the rail surface in data and absolute altitude (elevation) data.The embodiment of the present invention enumerates wherein partial data following (unit is rice):
Table 1
1-1-2, the stake tables of data of collecting in tunnel, just have a fixed peg as elevation absolute altitude reference mark at interval of about 100 meters in shield tunnel, obtains stake and have kilometer post (mileage), elevation (absolute altitude) data.The embodiment of the present invention enumerates wherein that partial data is as following table 2, and unit is rice:
Mileage |
20+999 |
21+99 |
Absolute altitude |
545.752 |
546.222 |
Table 2
2, equipment prepares
One, level meter, paint, writing brush, chalk, steel tape, print cartridge.
3), personnel arrangement,
Survey crew 4 people.
2, measuring process
2-1, determine to control basic point and measurement point
2-1-1, determine control basic point:
Look-up table 2 stake tables of data, the stake determining to be positioned at tunnel portal is the first control basic point.Its mileage (kilometer post) M is 20+999 rice, and absolute altitude (elevation) X is 545.752 meters;
2-1-2, determine measurement point:
In data of being laid a railway track by table 1 track and table 2 stake tables of data, the first mileage controlling basic point is compared, determine to control the first nearest measurement point of basic point apart from first from measurement point laid a railway track by track, the mileage N of the first measurement point 10-1 is 21+0, and absolute altitude Y is 545.952 meters;
2-2, look for and control basic point and measurement point:
2-2-1, as Fig. 3, find in tunnel stake 9 and control the stake 9-1 of basic point as measuring first near hole, having set up level meter and having read the rod reading A controlling basic point is 1500 millimeters.
2-2-2, the first measurement point 10-1 looked in tunnel:
First, according to following formula calculate first measurement point 10-1 rod reading B, be calculated as follows:
B=pre-test point rod reading+pre-test point absolute altitude-rear measurement point absolute altitude
=A+X-Y=1.5+545.752-545.952=1.3 rice=1300 millimeter
Wherein A is the rod reading of the first control basic point, and X is the absolute altitude of the first control basic point, and Y is the absolute altitude that the track of the first measurement point is laid a railway track in tables of data.
Control the mileage number value difference h1=N-M=1 rice of basic point according to the first measurement point and first, find the position of the first measurement point.Then be exactly the height of the first measurement point track in the place that the first measurement point position reading rod reading is 1300 millimeters with level meter, carry out mark in tunnel wall respective heights.
2-2-3 determines follow-up measurement point successively:
To lay a railway track tables of data by track, determine mileage N numerical difference h2=6(and the orbit measurement point span of the second measurement point 10-2 mileage O and the first measurement point 10-1), and the second measurement point elevation data Z=545.982 rice.In like manner, the level meter rod reading C of the second measurement point is calculated:
C=B+Y-Z=1.3+545.952-545.982=1.27 rice=1270 millimeter
Wherein B is the rod reading of the first measurement point, and Y is the absolute altitude numerical value of the first measurement point, and Z is the absolute altitude numerical value that the track of the second measurement point is laid a railway track in tables of data.
The position of the second measurement point is found according to the mileage number value difference h2 of the second measurement point and the first measurement point.Then be exactly the height of the second measurement point track in the place that the second measurement point position reading rod reading is C with level meter, carry out mark in tunnel wall respective heights.
By that analogy, the data of being laid a railway track by track in tables of data, calculated in advance goes out the mileage number value difference of adjacent fore-and-aft survey point, determine the position of a rear measurement point, then, based on the level meter rod reading of the elevation data of front and back measurement point and previous measurement point orbit altitude, the orbit altitude of a rear measurement point is determined.
When measuring distance is longer, exceed level meter visual range, when needing to move level meter, should after moving, scale be placed on move before measured the track eminence of last measurement point determining orbit altitude, again read rod reading.
For the present embodiment, last measurement point 10-3 before level meter is moved, again reading rod reading D after moving level meter is 1700 millimeters namely 1.7 meters, in tables of data laid a railway track by track, find out this mileage P selected is 21+48 rice, track level measuring H is 546.192 meters, and the mileage Q finding out next measurement point 10-4 in tables of data laid a railway track by track is 21+54 rice, and track level measuring data I is 546.222 meters, in like manner, the rod reading E of the orbit altitude of computation and measurement point 10-4:
E=D+H-I=1.7+546.192-546.222=1.67 rice=1670 millimeter
According to the mileage number value difference h3=6 rice of measurement point 10-3 and measurement point 10-4, find the position of measurement point 10-4.Then be exactly the height of measurement point 10-4 track in the place that the position of measurement point 10-4 reading rod reading is E with level meter, carry out mark in tunnel wall respective heights.
We just can measure the numerous measurement points in tunnel by similar method like this, have so just measured the orbit altitude of whole tunnel survey point.
But because measuring distance is longer, all error can be caused when moving level meter at every turn, simultaneously because each data are relevant with a upper reading, the mistake of whole measurement point all may can be caused due to an error in reading or miscount, in order to reduce error and avoid mistake, we must control basic point (second controls basic point) at the next one and carry out repetition measurement.
2-3 repetition measurement method is as follows:
Find in tunnel and control apart from first the stake 9-2 that second of the stake about 100 meters of basic point controls basic point, second control to find near basic point obtained by abovementioned steps mark a measurement point 10-6 nearest apart from it in the measurement point of orbit altitude, again level meter has been set up, the rod reading F reading measurement point 10-6 is 1200 centimetres namely 1.2 meters, in tables of data laid a railway track by track, find the elevation data J of measurement point 10-6 to be 546.432 meters, the elevation data K finding the second measurement basic point 9-2 in stake tables of data is 546.222 meters, calculate the rod reading G of the second Survey control basic point, be calculated as follows:
G=F+J-K=1.2+546.432-546.222=1.41 rice=1410 millimeter
Then Sopwith staff is placed on the second measurement basic point 9-2, the scale actual read number read herein is G ', when not considering error in theory, G=G ', if (error be greater than ± 0.01 meter) mutually far short of what is expected, just illustrates that the measurement data before us is wrong, repetition measurement to be re-started to the orbit altitude data of the measurement point determined, namely the absolute altitude measuring basic point with second is as the criterion, and reading the reading G ' measuring basic point 9-2 is 1350 millimeters, and the rod reading F ' calculating measurement point 10-6 is
F '=G '+K-J=1.35+546.222-546.432=1.14 rice=1140 millimeter
Then the place being 1140 at the position of measurement point 10-6 reading rod reading is exactly the height of this place's measurement point track redefined, and again carries out mark in tunnel wall respective heights.
Again with the data of measurement point 10-6 for foundation, remeasure the orbit altitude of its previous measurement point 10-5, method is the same.
Measure until the orbit altitude before measured some repetition measurement and the track error after repetition measurement are in range of control successively from back to front according to the requirement of repetition measurement.Illustrate that so far fore-and-aft survey height is correct, can continue to measure from measurement point 10-6 backward.
Measure the orbit altitude of each measurement point in tunnel with said method, with print cartridge, the orbit altitude of each measurement point is connected in tunnel wall, just define an orbit altitude line like this in tunnel wall, we just determine by the height of support punching.The height of support crab-bolt punching is that under rail level line, vertical height is 12mm, is 18mm along tunnel cambered surface distance.
Finally that horizontal distance is determined, looped network support installing and evacuation platform buttress mutually intersect to install, to avoid overlapping with buttress position in our support installing position, every 2.4 meters of buttresses in the design of Chengdu subway buttress, we will link up with track unit the position determining their evacuation platform buttress, avoid conflicting with it, ensure that support installing lateral separation meets the technical standards simultaneously.Like this, in rail-free situation, looped network support drilling process just can expand.
This method obtains successful Application in the engineering construction of Metro Line 2 of Chengdu 35kV looped network, and construction progress is smooth, and its construction precision reaches expection requirement, and creates advantage for follow-up associated construction.Also for later similar engineering construction provides reference and reference.
It should be noted that, although according to above-described embodiment to invention has been example and description, above-mentioned example is only for illustration of the application of method of measuring, and the present invention is not limited to aforesaid embodiment.Do not deviating from the situation of the present invention set forth in claims, can make this and change and change, the present invention expands to any new feature of disclosing in this manual or any combination newly, and the step of the arbitrary new method disclosed or process or any combination newly.